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3. How to publish a new fungal species, or name, version 3.0

Author

Aime, M. Catherine, Miller, Andrew N., Aoki, Takayuki, Bensch, Konstanze, Cai, Lei, Crous, Pedro W., Hawksworth, David L., Hyde, Kevin D., Kirk, Paul M., Lücking, Robert, May, Tom W., Malosso, Elaine, Redhead, Scott A., Rossman, Amy Y., Stadler, Marc, Thines, Marco, Yurkov, Andrey M., Zhang, Ning, and Schoch, Conrad L.

Published
2021
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7. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author

Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, Priscila, Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, Konstanze, Kema, Gerrit H. J., Samson, Robert A., Santos, Ariana C. S., Shivas, Roger G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, Wijnand J., Szöke, Szániszló, Tan, Yupei, Taylor, Joanne E., Taylor, P. W. J., Lamprecht, Sandra Christina, Vieira Tiago, Patricia, Váczy, Kálmán Zoltán, Wiele, Nathalie van de, Merwe, N. A. van der, Verkley, Gerard J. M., Vieira, Willie A. S., Vizzini, Alfredo, Weir, Bevan S., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Xia, J. W., Cai, L., Yáñez-Morales, María de Jesús, Yurkov, Andrey M., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zhang, C. L., Thines, Marco, Rossman, Amy Y., Stadler, Marc, Summerbell, Richard C., Taylor, John W., Ploch, Sebastian, Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, Jens Christian, Abdel-Azeem, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, Alireza, Akulov, A., Alberts, Johanna F., Araújo, João P.M., Ariyawansa, Hiran A.S., Bakhshi, Mounes, Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, Mauricio, Cardinali, Gianluigi, Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis-Ramírez, Adriana Marcela, Chaturvedi, Vishnu, Collémare, Jérôme, Croll, Daniel, Damm, Ulrike, Decock, Cony A., Vries, Ronald P. de, Ezekiel, Chibundu N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, Norma Beatriz, Gaya, Ester, González, Cristian D., Gramaje, David, Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, Martin, Guevara-Suarez, Marcela I., Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Guarnaccia, Vladimiro, Haddaji, A., Hagen, Ferry, Haelewaters, Danny, Hansen, Karen, Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita, Houbraken, Jos A. M. P., Hubka, Vít, Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, Teresa M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Johnston, Peter R., Jurjević, Željko, Karaltı, İskender, Korsten, L., Kuramae, Eiko Eurya, Kušan, Ivana, Labuda, Román, Lawrence, Daniel P., Lee, Hyangburm, Lechat, Christian, Li, Hongye, Litovka, Yulia A., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Marín-Felix, Yasmina, Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, Neven, McTaggart, Alistair R., Mlčoch, Patrik, Mugnai, Laura, Nakashima, Chiharu, Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, Sara Raouia, Pavlov, Igor N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, Alan J. L., Pitt, John I., Polizzi, Giancarlo, Quaedvlieg, William, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Restrepo, Silvia, Rhaïem, Azza, Robert, J., Robert, Vincent A. R. G., Messias Rodrigues, Anderson, Salgado-Salazar, Catalina, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, Priscila, Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, Konstanze, Kema, Gerrit H. J., Samson, Robert A., Santos, Ariana C. S., Shivas, Roger G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, Wijnand J., Szöke, Szániszló, Tan, Yupei, Taylor, Joanne E., Taylor, P. W. J., Lamprecht, Sandra Christina, Vieira Tiago, Patricia, Váczy, Kálmán Zoltán, Wiele, Nathalie van de, Merwe, N. A. van der, Verkley, Gerard J. M., Vieira, Willie A. S., Vizzini, Alfredo, Weir, Bevan S., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Xia, J. W., Cai, L., Yáñez-Morales, María de Jesús, Yurkov, Andrey M., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zhang, C. L., Thines, Marco, Rossman, Amy Y., Stadler, Marc, Summerbell, Richard C., Taylor, John W., Ploch, Sebastian, Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, Jens Christian, Abdel-Azeem, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, Alireza, Akulov, A., Alberts, Johanna F., Araújo, João P.M., Ariyawansa, Hiran A.S., Bakhshi, Mounes, Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, Mauricio, Cardinali, Gianluigi, Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis-Ramírez, Adriana Marcela, Chaturvedi, Vishnu, Collémare, Jérôme, Croll, Daniel, Damm, Ulrike, Decock, Cony A., Vries, Ronald P. de, Ezekiel, Chibundu N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, Norma Beatriz, Gaya, Ester, González, Cristian D., Gramaje, David, Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, Martin, Guevara-Suarez, Marcela I., Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Guarnaccia, Vladimiro, Haddaji, A., Hagen, Ferry, Haelewaters, Danny, Hansen, Karen, Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita, Houbraken, Jos A. M. P., Hubka, Vít, Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, Teresa M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Johnston, Peter R., Jurjević, Željko, Karaltı, İskender, Korsten, L., Kuramae, Eiko Eurya, Kušan, Ivana, Labuda, Román, Lawrence, Daniel P., Lee, Hyangburm, Lechat, Christian, Li, Hongye, Litovka, Yulia A., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Marín-Felix, Yasmina, Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, Neven, McTaggart, Alistair R., Mlčoch, Patrik, Mugnai, Laura, Nakashima, Chiharu, Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, Sara Raouia, Pavlov, Igor N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, Alan J. L., Pitt, John I., Polizzi, Giancarlo, Quaedvlieg, William, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Restrepo, Silvia, Rhaïem, Azza, Robert, J., Robert, Vincent A. R. G., Messias Rodrigues, Anderson, and Salgado-Salazar, Catalina

Abstract

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th

Published
2021

9. A new species concept for the clinically relevant Mucor circinelloides complex

Author

Wagner, L., Stielow, J.B., de Hoog, Sybren, Bensch, Konstanze, Schwartze, V.U., Voigt, K., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Kurzai, O., Walther, G., Wagner, L., Stielow, J.B., de Hoog, Sybren, Bensch, Konstanze, Schwartze, V.U., Voigt, K., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Kurzai, O., and Walther, G.

Abstract

Mucor species are common soil fungi but also known as agents of human infections (mucormycosis) and used in food production and biotechnology. Mucor circinelloides is the Mucor species that is most frequently isolated from clinical sources. The taxonomy of Mucor circinelloides and its close relatives (Mucor circinelloides complex – MCC) is still based on morphology and mating behaviour. The aim of the present study was a revised taxonomy of the MCC using a polyphasic approach. Using a set of 100 strains molecular phylogenetic analysis of five markers (ITS, rpb1, tsr1, mcm7, and cfs, introduced here) were performed, combined with phenotypic studies, mating tests and the determination of the maximum growth temperatures. The multi-locus analyses revealed 16 phylogenetic species of which 14 showed distinct phenotypical traits and were recognised as discrete species. Five of these species are introduced as novel taxa: M. amethystinus sp. nov., M. atramentarius sp. nov., M. variicolumellatus sp. nov., M. pseudocircinelloides sp. nov., and M. pseudolusitanicus sp. nov. The former formae of M. cir­cinelloides represent one or two separate species. In the MCC, the simple presence of well-shaped zygospores only indicates a close relation of both strains, but not necessarily conspecificity. Seven species of the MCC have been implemented in human infection: M. circinelloides, M. griseocyanus, M. janssenii, M. lusitanicus, M. ramosissimus, M. variicolumellatus, and M. velutinosus.

Published
2020

10. Synopsis of proposals on fungal nomenclature: a review of the proposals concerning Chapter Fof the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plantssubmitted to the XII International Mycological Congress, 2024

Author

May, Tom W. and Bensch, Konstanze

Abstract

A commentary is provided on the seven formally published proposals to modify the provisions of Chapter Fof the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants(ICNafp) that will be dealt with by the Fungal Nomenclature Session (FNS) of the 12th International Mycological Congress (IMC12) in August 2024. The proposals deal with: fungi whose morph-names have the same epithet; the listing of synonyms under entries for protected names in the CodeAppendices; the processes of protection and rejection; the use of DNA sequences as nomenclatural types; the use of genomes as nomenclatural types; and the designation of fungi known only from DNA sequences. Information is also provided on the composition and role of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau, the operation of the FNS and the pre-Congress Guiding vote.

Published
2024
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13. Notes for genera: Ascomycota

Author

Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Hyde, Kevin D., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Hawksworth, David L., Madrid, Hugo, Kirk, Paul M., Braun, Uwe, Singh, Rajshree V., Crous, Pedro W., Kukwa, Martin, Lücking, Robert, Kurtzman, Cletus P., Yurkov, Andrey, Haelewaters, Danny, Aptroot, André, Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, Timdal, Einar, Ertz, Damien, Etayo, Javier, Phillips, Alan J. L., Groenewald, Johannes Z., Papizadeh, Moslem, Selbmann, Laura, Dayarathne, Monika C., Weerakoon, Gothamie, Jones, E. B. Gareth, Suetrong, Satinee, Tian, Qing, Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F., Bahkali, Ali H., Pang, Ka-Lai, Tanaka, Kazuaki, Dai, Dong-Qin, Sakayaroj, Jariya, Hujslová, Martina, Lombard, Lorenzo, Shenoy, Belle D., Suija, Ave, Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Thambugala, Kasun M., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Sharma, Bharati O., Gaikwad, Subhash, Pandit, Gargee, Zucconi, Laura, Onofri, Silvano, Egidi, Eleonora, Raja, Huzefa A., Kodsueb, Rampai, Cáceres, Marcela E. S., Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, Fiuza, Patrícia O., Monteiro, Josiane Santana, Vasilyeva, Larissa N., Shivas, Roger G., Prieto, Maria, Wedin, Mats, Olariaga, Ibai, Lateef, Adebola Azeez, Agrawal, Yamini, Fazeli, Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh, Amoozegar, Mohammad Ali, Zhao, Guo Zhu, Pfliegler, Walter P., Sharma, Gunjan, Oset, Magdalena, Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A., Takamatsu, Susumu, Bensch, Konstanze, de Silva, Nimali Indeewari, De Kesel, André, Karunarathna, Anuruddha, Boonmee, Saranyaphat, Pfister, Donald H., Lu, Yong-Zhong, Luo, Zong-Long, Boonyuen, Nattawut, Daranagama, Dinushani A., Senanayake, Indunil C., Jayasiri, Subashini C., Samarakoon, Milan C., Zeng, Xiang-Yu, Doilom, Mingkwan, Quijada, Luis, Rampadarath, Sillma, Heredia, Gabriela, Dissanayake, Asha J., Jayawardana, Ruvishika S., Perera, Rekhani H., Tang, Li Zhou, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita, Ma, Xiaoya, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Gusmao, Luis F. P., Weerahewa, Darshani, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Hyde, Kevin D., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Hawksworth, David L., Madrid, Hugo, Kirk, Paul M., Braun, Uwe, Singh, Rajshree V., Crous, Pedro W., Kukwa, Martin, Lücking, Robert, Kurtzman, Cletus P., Yurkov, Andrey, Haelewaters, Danny, Aptroot, André, Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, Timdal, Einar, Ertz, Damien, Etayo, Javier, Phillips, Alan J. L., Groenewald, Johannes Z., Papizadeh, Moslem, Selbmann, Laura, Dayarathne, Monika C., Weerakoon, Gothamie, Jones, E. B. Gareth, Suetrong, Satinee, Tian, Qing, Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F., Bahkali, Ali H., Pang, Ka-Lai, Tanaka, Kazuaki, Dai, Dong-Qin, Sakayaroj, Jariya, Hujslová, Martina, Lombard, Lorenzo, Shenoy, Belle D., Suija, Ave, Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Thambugala, Kasun M., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Sharma, Bharati O., Gaikwad, Subhash, Pandit, Gargee, Zucconi, Laura, Onofri, Silvano, Egidi, Eleonora, Raja, Huzefa A., Kodsueb, Rampai, Cáceres, Marcela E. S., Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, Fiuza, Patrícia O., Monteiro, Josiane Santana, Vasilyeva, Larissa N., Shivas, Roger G., Prieto, Maria, Wedin, Mats, Olariaga, Ibai, Lateef, Adebola Azeez, Agrawal, Yamini, Fazeli, Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh, Amoozegar, Mohammad Ali, Zhao, Guo Zhu, Pfliegler, Walter P., Sharma, Gunjan, Oset, Magdalena, Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A., Takamatsu, Susumu, Bensch, Konstanze, de Silva, Nimali Indeewari, De Kesel, André, Karunarathna, Anuruddha, Boonmee, Saranyaphat, Pfister, Donald H., Lu, Yong-Zhong, Luo, Zong-Long, Boonyuen, Nattawut, Daranagama, Dinushani A., Senanayake, Indunil C., Jayasiri, Subashini C., Samarakoon, Milan C., Zeng, Xiang-Yu, Doilom, Mingkwan, Quijada, Luis, Rampadarath, Sillma, Heredia, Gabriela, Dissanayake, Asha J., Jayawardana, Ruvishika S., Perera, Rekhani H., Tang, Li Zhou, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita, Ma, Xiaoya, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Gusmao, Luis F. P., Weerahewa, Darshani, and Karunarathna, Samantha C.

Abstract

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10--15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of `Ainsworth Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi' in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the ``Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi'' published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of

Published
2017

14. Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plantsas approved by the 11th International Mycological Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, July 2018

Author

May, Tom W., Redhead, Scott A., Bensch, Konstanze, Hawksworth, David L., Lendemer, James, Lombard, Lorenzo, and Turland, Nicholas J.

Abstract

A revised version of Chapter Fof the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plantsis presented, incorporating amendments approved by the Fungal Nomenclature Session of the 11th International Mycological Congress held in San Juan, Puerto Rico in July 2018. The process leading to the amendments is outlined. Key changes in the San Juan Chapter Fare (1) removal of option to use a colon to indicate the sanctioned status of a name, (2) introduction of correctability for incorrectly cited identifiers of names and typifications, and (3) introduction of option to use name identifiers in place of author citations. Examples have been added to aid the interpretation of new Articles and Recommendations, and Examples have also been added to the existing Art. F.3.7 concerning the protection extended to new combinations based on sanctioned names or basionyms of sanctioned names (which has been re-worded), and to Art. F.3.9 concerning typification of names accepted in the sanctioning works.

Published
2019
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