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1. The Simons Observatory: component separation pipelines for B-modes

Author

Wolz, Kevin, Azzoni, Susanna, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Errard, Josquin, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Alonso, David, Beringue, Benjamin, and Hertig, Emilie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The upcoming Simons Observatory (SO) Small Aperture Telescopes aim at observing the degree-scale anisotropies of the polarized CMB to constrain the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ at the level of $\sigma(r=0)\lesssim0.003$ to probe models of the very early Universe. We present three complementary $r$ inference pipelines and compare their results on a set of sky simulations that allow us to explore a number of Galactic foreground and instrumental noise models, relevant for SO. In most scenarios, the pipelines retrieve consistent and unbiased results. However, several complex foreground scenarios lead to a $>2\sigma$ bias on $r$ if analyzed with the default versions of these pipelines, highlighting the need for more sophisticated pipeline components that marginalize over foreground residuals. We present two such extensions, using power-spectrum-based and map-based methods, and show that they fully reduce the bias on $r$ to sub-sigma level in all scenarios, and at a moderate cost in terms of $\sigma(r)$., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Contribution to the 2024 Cosmology session of the 58th Rencontres de Moriond

Published
2024

2. Exploring the discrepancy between Planck PR3 and ACT DR4

Author

Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar, Beringue, Benjamin, Errard, Josquin, Shafieloo, Arman, and Smoot, George F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We explore the scales and the extent of disagreement between $Planck$ PR3 and Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR4 data. $Planck$ and ACT data have substantial overlap in the temperature anisotropy data between scales corresponding to multipoles $\ell\simeq 600-2500$ with complementing coverage of larger angular scales by $Planck$ and smaller angular scales by ACT. Since the same cosmology should govern the anisotropy spectrum at all scales, we probe this disagreement in the primordial power spectrum. We use a parametric form of power law primordial spectrum that allows changes in the spectral tilt. We also reconstruct the primordial spectrum with a non-parametric method from both $Planck$ and ACT temperature data. We find the disagreement exists within scales 0.08 - 0.16 ${\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ where ACT temperature data prefers a scale invariant/blue spectrum. At scales larger and smaller than this window, ACT data strongly prefers a red tilt, which is consistent with $Planck$. This change in the spectral tilt can be identified in the ACT data at 2$\sigma$ C.L. without using $Planck$ data, indicating that the tension is driven by different preferences for tilts within the ACT data. The addition of $Planck$ data up to intermediate scales ($\ell\le650$) increases this significance to 3$\sigma$. Given the large overlap between $Planck$ and ACT within 0.08 - 0.16 ${\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ and considering the internal consistency between different $Planck$ temperature and polarization spectra, the scope of new physics as a solution to the tension remains limited. Our results -- a strong preference for an intermediate transition in spectral tilt and the variation of this preference in different data combinations -- indicate that systematic effects can be misperceived as new physics emerging from different non-standard cosmological processes., Comment: v1: 25 pages, 10 figures and 3 tables

Published
2024

3. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: High-resolution component-separated maps across one-third of the sky

Author

Coulton, William R., Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Hill, J. Colin, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alford, Tommy, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason E., Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Capalbo, Valentina, Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crowley, Kevin T., Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Doze, Peter, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Fanfani, Valentina, Fankhanel, Max, Farren, Gerrit, Ferraro, Simone, Freundt, Rodrigo, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Garrido, Xavier, Givans, Jahmour, Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hasselfield, Matthew, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Irwin, Kent, Isopi, Giovanni, Jense, Hidde T., Keller, Ben, Kim, Joshua, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, La Posta, Adrien, Lakey, Victoria, Lee, Eunseong, Li, Zack, Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacCrann, Niall, MacInnis, Amanda, Maldonado, Diego, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marques, Gabriela A., van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, McCarthy, Fiona, McMahon, Jeff, Mehta, Yogesh, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morris, Thomas W., Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Radiconi, Federico, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Sakuma, Tai, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifón, Cristóbal, Simon, Sara, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie, Switzer, Eric R., Tampier, Niklas, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zheng, Kaiwen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations of the millimeter sky contain valuable information on a number of signals, including the blackbody cosmic microwave background (CMB), Galactic emissions, and the Compton-$y$ distortion due to the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. Extracting new insight into cosmological and astrophysical questions often requires combining multi-wavelength observations to spectrally isolate one component. In this work, we present a new arcminute-resolution Compton-$y$ map, which traces out the line-of-sight-integrated electron pressure, as well as maps of the CMB in intensity and E-mode polarization, across a third of the sky (around 13,000 sq.~deg.). We produce these through a joint analysis of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 4 and 6 at frequencies of roughly 93, 148, and 225 GHz, together with data from the \textit{Planck} satellite at frequencies between 30 GHz and 545 GHz. We present detailed verification of an internal linear combination pipeline implemented in a needlet frame that allows us to efficiently suppress Galactic contamination and account for spatial variations in the ACT instrument noise. These maps provide a significant advance, in noise levels and resolution, over the existing \textit{Planck} component-separated maps and will enable a host of science goals including studies of cluster and galaxy astrophysics, inferences of the cosmic velocity field, primordial non-Gaussianity searches, and gravitational lensing reconstruction of the CMB., Comment: The Compton-y map and associated products will be made publicly available upon publication of the paper. The CMB T and E mode maps will be made available when the DR6 maps are made public

Published
2023

4. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters

Author

Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Qu, Frank J., Sherwin, Blake D., MacCrann, Niall, Li, Yaqiong, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alford, Tommy, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason E., Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Capalbo, Valentina, Carrero, Felipe, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, William, Crowley, Kevin T., Dalal, Roohi, Darwish, Omar, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Doze, Peter, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Fanfani, Valentina, Fankhanel, Max, Farren, Gerrit, Ferraro, Simone, Freundt, Rodrigo, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Garrido, Xavier, Givans, Jahmour, Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Hall, Kirsten R., Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Harrison, Ian, Hasselfield, Matthew, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Irwin, Kent, Isopi, Giovanni, Jense, Hidde T., Keller, Ben, Kim, Joshua, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, La Posta, Adrien, Lague, Alex, Lakey, Victoria, Lee, Eunseong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacInnis, Amanda, Maldonado, Diego, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marques, Gabriela A., McMahon, Jeff, Mehta, Yogesh, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morris, Thomas W., Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Radiconi, Federico, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Sakuma, Tai, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifón, Cristóbal, Simon, Sara, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie, Switzer, Eric R., Tampier, Niklas, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zheng, Kaiwen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present cosmological constraints from a gravitational lensing mass map covering 9400 sq. deg. reconstructed from CMB measurements made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 2017 to 2021. In combination with BAO measurements (from SDSS and 6dF), we obtain the amplitude of matter fluctuations $\sigma_8 = 0.819 \pm 0.015$ at 1.8% precision, $S_8\equiv\sigma_8({\Omega_{\rm m}}/0.3)^{0.5}=0.840\pm0.028$ and the Hubble constant $H_0= (68.3 \pm 1.1)\, \text{km}\,\text{s}^{-1}\,\text{Mpc}^{-1}$ at 1.6% precision. A joint constraint with CMB lensing measured by the Planck satellite yields even more precise values: $\sigma_8 = 0.812 \pm 0.013$, $S_8\equiv\sigma_8({\Omega_{\rm m}}/0.3)^{0.5}=0.831\pm0.023$ and $H_0= (68.1 \pm 1.0)\, \text{km}\,\text{s}^{-1}\,\text{Mpc}^{-1}$. These measurements agree well with $\Lambda$CDM-model extrapolations from the CMB anisotropies measured by Planck. To compare these constraints to those from the KiDS, DES, and HSC galaxy surveys, we revisit those data sets with a uniform set of assumptions, and find $S_8$ from all three surveys are lower than that from ACT+Planck lensing by varying levels ranging from 1.7-2.1$\sigma$. These results motivate further measurements and comparison, not just between the CMB anisotropies and galaxy lensing, but also between CMB lensing probing $z\sim 0.5-5$ on mostly-linear scales and galaxy lensing at $z\sim 0.5$ on smaller scales. We combine our CMB lensing measurements with CMB anisotropies to constrain extensions of $\Lambda$CDM, limiting the sum of the neutrino masses to $\sum m_{\nu} < 0.13$ eV (95% c.l.), for example. Our results provide independent confirmation that the universe is spatially flat, conforms with general relativity, and is described remarkably well by the $\Lambda$CDM model, while paving a promising path for neutrino physics with gravitational lensing from upcoming ground-based CMB surveys., Comment: 32 pages, 17 figures, replaced with version accepted in ApJ (Feb 2024). Cosmological likelihood data and mass maps are public here: https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/act/actadv_prod_table.html ; likelihood software is here: https://github.com/ACTCollaboration/act_dr6_lenslike . Also see companion papers Qu et al and MacCrann et al

Published
2023
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5. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and its Implications for Structure Growth

Author

Qu, Frank J., Sherwin, Blake D., Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Han, Dongwon, Crowley, Kevin T., Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alford, Tommy, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason E., Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Capalbo, Valentina, Carrero, Felipe, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, William, Dalal, Roohi, Darwish, Omar, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Doze, Peter, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Fanfani, Valentina, Fankhanel, Max, Farren, Gerrit, Ferraro, Simone, Freundt, Rodrigo, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Garrido, Xavier, Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Halpern, Mark, Harrison, Ian, Hasselfield, Matthew, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Irwin, Kent, Isopi, Giovanni, Jense, Hidde T., Keller, Ben, Kim, Joshua, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, La Posta, Adrien, Lague, Alex, Lakey, Victoria, Lee, Eunseong, Li, Zack, Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacCrann, Niall, MacInnis, Amanda, Maldonado, Diego, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marques, Gabriela A., McMahon, Jeff, Mehta, Yogesh, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morris, Thomas W., Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Radiconi, Federico, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Sakuma, Tai, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifón, Cristóbal, Simon, Sara, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie, Switzer, Eric R., Tampier, Niklas, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Ulluom, Joel, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zhang, Kaiwen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present new measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing over $9400$ sq. deg. of the sky. These lensing measurements are derived from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) CMB dataset, which consists of five seasons of ACT CMB temperature and polarization observations. We determine the amplitude of the CMB lensing power spectrum at $2.3\%$ precision ($43\sigma$ significance) using a novel pipeline that minimizes sensitivity to foregrounds and to noise properties. To ensure our results are robust, we analyze an extensive set of null tests, consistency tests, and systematic error estimates and employ a blinded analysis framework. The baseline spectrum is well fit by a lensing amplitude of $A_{\mathrm{lens}}=1.013\pm0.023$ relative to the Planck 2018 CMB power spectra best-fit $\Lambda$CDM model and $A_{\mathrm{lens}}=1.005\pm0.023$ relative to the $\text{ACT DR4} + \text{WMAP}$ best-fit model. From our lensing power spectrum measurement, we derive constraints on the parameter combination $S^{\mathrm{CMBL}}_8 \equiv \sigma_8 \left({\Omega_m}/{0.3}\right)^{0.25}$ of $S^{\mathrm{CMBL}}_8= 0.818\pm0.022$ from ACT DR6 CMB lensing alone and $S^{\mathrm{CMBL}}_8= 0.813\pm0.018$ when combining ACT DR6 and Planck NPIPE CMB lensing power spectra. These results are in excellent agreement with $\Lambda$CDM model constraints from Planck or $\text{ACT DR4} + \text{WMAP}$ CMB power spectrum measurements. Our lensing measurements from redshifts $z\sim0.5$--$5$ are thus fully consistent with $\Lambda$CDM structure growth predictions based on CMB anisotropies probing primarily $z\sim1100$. We find no evidence for a suppression of the amplitude of cosmic structure at low redshifts, Comment: 45+22 pages, 50 figures. v2 matches with published version in ApJ. Cosmological likelihood data and lensing maps are here: https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/act/actadv_prod_table.html ; likelihood software is here: https://github.com/ACTCollaboration/act_dr6_lenslike . Also see companion papers Madhavacheril et al and MacCrann et al

Published
2023
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6. Estimating the Impact of foregrounds on the Future Detection of Rayleigh scattering

Author

Zhu, Yijie, Beringue, Benjamin, Choi, Steve K., Battaglia, Nicholas, Meerburg, P. Daniel, and Meyers, Joel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Rayleigh scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by neutral hydrogen shortly after recombination leaves frequency-dependent imprints on intensity and polarization fluctuations. High signal-to-noise observations of CMB Rayleigh scattering would provide additional insight into the physics of recombination, including greater constraining power for parameters like the primordial helium fraction, the light relic density, and the sum of neutrino masses. However, such a measurement of CMB Rayleigh scattering is challenging due to the presence of astrophysical foregrounds, which are more intense at the high frequencies, where the effects of Rayleigh scattering are most prominent. Here we forecast the detectability of CMB Rayleigh scattering including foreground removal using blind internal linear combination methods for a set of near-future surveys. We show that atmospheric effects for ground-based observatories and astrophysical foregrounds pose a significant hindrance to detecting CMB Rayleigh scattering with experiments planned for this decade, though a high-significance measurement should be possible with a future CMB satellite., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

Published
2022
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7. Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: Cosmic Microwave Background Measurements White Paper

Author

Chang, Clarence L., Huffenberger, Kevin M., Benson, Bradford A., Bianchini, Federico, Chluba, Jens, Delabrouille, Jacques, Flauger, Raphael, Hanany, Shaul, Jones, William C., Kogut, Alan J., McMahon, Jeffrey J., Meyers, Joel, Sehgal, Neelima, Simon, Sara M., Umilta, Caterina, Abazajian, Kevork N., Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akrami, Yashar, Anderson, Adam J., Ansarinejad, Behzad, Austermann, Jason, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Beck, Dominic, Bender, Amy N., Bennett, Charles, Beringue, Benjamin, Bischoff, Colin, Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Calabrese, Erminia, Carlstrom, John, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Chihway, Chinone, Yuji, Clark, Susan E., Coulton, William, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Duff, Shannon M., Dvorkin, Cora, van Engelen, Alexander, Errard, Josquin, Eskilt, Johannes R., Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey, Freese, Katherine, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gawiser, Eric, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gruppuso, Alessandro, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Halverson, Nils W., Hamilton, Jean-Christophe, Harrington, Kathleen, Henrot-Versillé, Sophie, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, J. Colin, Hincks, Adam D., Hlozek, Renee, Holzapfel, William, Hotinli, Selim C., Hui, Howard, Ibitoye, Ayodeji, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Bradley R., Kang, Jae Hwan, Karkare, Kirit S., Knox, Lloyd, Kovac, John, Lau, Kenny, Legrand, Louis, Loverde, Marilena, Lubin, Philip, Ma, Yin-Zhe, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Niemack, Michael, Novosad, Valentine, Omori, Yuuki, Orlando, Giorgio, Pan, Zhaodi, Perotto, Laurence, Petroff, Matthew A., Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clem, Rahlin, Alexandra, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Ruhl, John, Schaan, Emmanuel, Shandera, Sarah, Shimon, Meir, Soliman, Ahmed, Stark, Antony A., Starkman, Glenn D., Stompor, Radek, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Trendafilova, Cynthia, Tristram, Matthieu, Trivedi, Pranjal, Tucker, Gregory, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Vieira, Joaquin, Vieregg, Abigail, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Zegeye, David, and Zhang, Cheng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This is a solicited whitepaper for the Snowmass 2021 community planning exercise. The paper focuses on measurements and science with the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The CMB is foundational to our understanding of modern physics and continues to be a powerful tool driving our understanding of cosmology and particle physics. In this paper, we outline the broad and unique impact of CMB science for the High Energy Cosmic Frontier in the upcoming decade. We also describe the progression of ground-based CMB experiments, which shows that the community is prepared to develop the key capabilities and facilities needed to achieve these transformative CMB measurements., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

8. The primordial information content of Rayleigh Anisotropies

Author

Coulton, William R., Beringue, Benjamin, and Meerburg, P. Daniel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are primarily generated by Thomson scattering of photons by free electrons. Around recombination, the Thomson scattering probability quickly diminishes as the free electrons combine with protons to form neutral hydrogen off which CMB photons can scatter through Rayleigh scattering. Unlike Thomson scattering, Rayleigh scattering is frequency dependent resulting in the generation of anisotropies with a different spectral dependence. Unfortunately the Rayleigh scattering efficiency rapidly decreases with the expansion of the neutral universe, with the result that only a small percentage of photons are scattered by neutral hydrogen. Although the effect is very small, future CMB missions with higher sensitivity and improved frequency coverage are poised to measure Rayleigh scattering signal. The uncorrelated component of the Rayleigh anisotropies contains unique information on the primordial perturbations that could potentially be leveraged to expand our knowledge of the early universe. In this paper we explore whether measurements of Rayleigh scattering anisotropies can be used to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity (NG) and examine the hints of anomalies found by WMAP and \textit{Planck} satellites. We show that the additional Rayleigh information has the potential to improve primordial NG constraints by $30\%$, or more. Primordial bispectra that are not of the local type benefit the most from these additional scatterings, which we attribute to the different scale dependence of the Rayleigh anisotropies. Unfortunately this different scaling means that Rayleigh measurements can not be used to constrain anomalies or features on large scales. On the other hand, anomalies that may persist to smaller scales, such as the potential power asymmetry seen in WMAP and \textit{Planck}, could be improved by the addition of Rayleigh measurements., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020
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9. Cosmology with Rayleigh Scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Author

Beringue, Benjamin, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, and Battaglia, Nicholas

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) has been a treasure trove for cosmology. Over the next decade, current and planned CMB experiments are expected to exhaust nearly all primary CMB information. To further constrain cosmological models, there is a great benefit to measuring signals beyond the primary modes. Rayleigh scattering of the CMB is one source of additional cosmological information. It is caused by the additional scattering of CMB photons by neutral species formed during recombination and exhibits a strong and unique frequency scaling ($\propto \nu^4$). We will show that with sufficient sensitivity across frequency channels, the Rayleigh scattering signal should not only be detectable but can significantly improve constraining power for cosmological parameters, with limited or no additional modifications to planned experiments. We will provide heuristic explanations for why certain cosmological parameters benefit from measurement of the Rayleigh scattering signal, and confirm these intuitions using the Fisher formalism. In particular, observation of Rayleigh scattering allows significant improvements on measurements of $N_{\rm eff}$ and $\sum m_\nu$., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
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10. Rayleigh scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background : towards a first detection with the next generation of surveys

Author

Beringue, Benjamin, Meerburg, Daan, and Fergusson, James

Subjects
Cosmic Microwave Background, Cosmology, Rayleigh scattering
Abstract

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) has been a treasure trove for cosmology. CMB experiments such as Planck have put stringent constraints on the now standard model for Cosmology: ΛCDM. Over the next decade, current and planned CMB experiments are expected to exhaust nearly all primary CMB information. To reach beyond the ΛCDM model of the universe, requires to observe beyond the CMB primary modes. Rayleigh scattering of the CMB is one source of additional cosmological information. It is caused by the additional scattering of CMB photons by neutral species formed during recombination and exhibits a strong and unique frequency scaling (∝ ν4). In this thesis, we explore the detectablity and the cosmological information carried by this small distortion of the CMB signal. In particular, we present detectability forecasts for the next generation of CMB surveys. We also show that more futuristic experiments, such as PICO will be able to use Rayleigh scattering to improve constraints on Neff and Σmν. Even more futuristic experiments will be able to use the Rayleigh scattering signal to improve measurements of primordial Non-Gausianities. We will provide heuristic arguments for these improvements. Detections of the Rayleigh scattering signal and secondary anisotropies in general are made difficult by the presence of astrophysical foregrounds and instrument systematics which hinder the signals of interest. In the second part of this thesis, we study the impact of these noise sources in the context of two future ground-based CMB surveys: the Simons Observatory (SO) and the CCAT-prime collaboration. In particular, we will present an implementation of a novel component separation method developed for SO. This semi parametric method has been designed to mitigate the limitations of the currently used foreground cleaning techniques. Secondly, we will present how instrumental systematics may impact the detectability of Rayleigh scattering with CCAT-prime.

Published
2021
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11. The CCAT-Prime Submillimeter Observatory

Author

Aravena, Manuel, Austermann, Jason, Basu, Kaustuv, Battaglia, Nicholas, Beringue, Benjamin, Bertoldi, Frank, Bond, J. Richard, Breysse, Patrick, Bustos, Ricardo, Chapman, Scott, Choi, Steve, Chung, Dongwoo, Cothard, Nicholas, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody, Duff, Shannon, Dunner, Rolando, Erler, Jens, Fich, Michel, Fissel, Laura, Foreman, Simon, Gallardo, Patricio, Gao, Jiansong, Giovanelli, Riccardo, Graf, Urs, Haynes, Martha, Herter, Terry, Hilton, Gene, Hlozek, Renee, Hubmayr, Johannes, Johnstone, Doug, Keating, Laura, Komatsu, Eiichiro, Magnelli, Benjamin, Mauskopf, Phil, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Murray, Norm, Niemack, Michael, Nikola, Thomas, Nolta, Michael, Parshley, Stephen, Puddu, Roberto, Riechers, Dominik, Rosolowsky, Erik, Simon, Sara, Stacey, Gordon, Stevens, Jason, Stutzki, Juergen, Van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve, Viero, Marco, Vissers, Michael, Walker, Samantha, and Zou, Bugao

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope-prime (CCAT-prime) is a new 6-m, off-axis, low-emissivity, large field-of-view submillimeter telescope scheduled for first light in the last quarter of 2021. In summary, (a) CCAT-prime uniquely combines a large field-of-view (up to 8-deg), low emissivity telescope (< 2%) and excellent atmospheric transmission (5600-m site) to achieve unprecedented survey capability in the submillimeter. (b) Over five years, CCAT-prime first generation science will address the physics of star formation, galaxy evolution, and galaxy cluster formation; probe the re-ionization of the Universe; improve constraints on new particle species; and provide for improved removal of dust foregrounds to aid the search for primordial gravitational waves. (c) The Observatory is being built with non-federal funds (~ \$40M in private and international investments). Public funding is needed for instrumentation (~ \$8M) and operations (\$1-2M/yr). In return, the community will be able to participate in survey planning and gain access to curated data sets. (d) For second generation science, CCAT-prime will be uniquely positioned to contribute high-frequency capabilities to the next generation of CMB surveys in partnership with the CMB-S4 and/or the Simons Observatory projects or revolutionize wide-field, sub-millimetter line intensity mapping surveys., Comment: Astro2020 APC White Paper

Published
2019

12. The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

Author

The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D., Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C., Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4., Comment: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1808.07445

Published
2019

13. Science from an Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey

Author

Sehgal, Neelima, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Meyers, Joel, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Mroczkowski, Tony, Di Mascolo, Luca, Baxter, Eric, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Beringue, Benjamin, Holder, Gil, Nagai, Daisuke, Dicker, Simon, Dvorkin, Cora, Ferraro, Simone, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Han, Dongwon, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Johnson, Bradley, Klaassen, Pamela, Meerburg, Daan, Motloch, Pavel, Spergel, David N., van Engelen, Alexander, Adshead, Peter, Armstrong, Robert, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Basu, Kaustuv, Benson, Bradford, Beutler, Florian, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Calabrese, Erminia, Darwish, Omar, Denny, S. Lucas, Douglass, Kelly A., Essinger-Hileman, Tom, Foreman, Simon, Frayer, David, Gerbino, Martina, Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, Grohs, Evan B., Gupta, Nikhel, Hill, J. Colin, Hirata, Christopher M., Hotinli, Selim, Johnson, Matthew C., Kamionkowski, Marc, Kovetz, Ely D., Lau, Erwin T., Liguori, Michele, Namikawa, Toshiya, Newburgh, Laura, Partridge, Bruce, Piacentni, Francesco, Rose, Benjamin, Rossi, Graziano, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Shan, Huanyuan, Simon, Sara, Slosar, Anže, Switzer, Eric R., Trac, Hy, Xu, Weishuang, Zaldarriaga, Matias, and Zemcov, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Opening up a new window of millimeter-wave observations that span frequency bands in the range of 30 to 500 GHz, survey half the sky, and are both an order of magnitude deeper (about 0.5 uK-arcmin) and of higher-resolution (about 10 arcseconds) than currently funded surveys would yield an enormous gain in understanding of both fundamental physics and astrophysics. In particular, such a survey would allow for major advances in measuring the distribution of dark matter and gas on small-scales, and yield needed insight on 1.) dark matter particle properties, 2.) the evolution of gas and galaxies, 3.) new light particle species, 4.) the epoch of inflation, and 5.) the census of bodies orbiting in the outer Solar System., Comment: 5 pages + references; Submitted to the Astro2020 call for science white papers

Published
2019

14. The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts

Author

The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture 6-m telescope (LAT), with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The SATs will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ~10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, at a target level of $\sigma(r)=0.003$. The LAT will map ~40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the LSST sky region and partially with DESI. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources., Comment: This paper presents an overview of the Simons Observatory science goals, details about the instrument will be presented in a companion paper. The author contribution to this paper is available at https://simonsobservatory.org/publications.php (Abstract abridged) -- matching version published in JCAP

Published
2018
Full Text
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15. The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

Author

Collaboration, The Simons Observatory, Abitbol, Maximilian H, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A, Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F, Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D, Crowley, Kevin T, Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M, Dünner, Rolando, Haan, Tijmen de, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, and Gudmundsson, Jon E

Subjects
astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background(CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile thatpromises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology,and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-SimonsFoundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will seefirst light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists ofthree 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large ApertureTelescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarizationmeasurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep,degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordialgravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minuteresolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrinomasses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, andrefine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role offeedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution ofthe Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mappingspeed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMBtemperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in sixfrequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science whileinforming the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4.

Published
2019

16. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

Author

Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A, Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F, Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D, Crowley, Kevin T, Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M, Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, and Hill, Charles A

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, CMBR experiments, CMBR polarisation, cosmological parameters from CMBR, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 μK-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of σ(r)=0.003. The large aperture telescope will map 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 μK-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.

Published
2019

17. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters

Author

Madhavacheril, Mathew S., primary, Qu, Frank J., additional, Sherwin, Blake D., additional, MacCrann, Niall, additional, Li, Yaqiong, additional, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, additional, Ade, Peter A. R., additional, Aiola, Simone, additional, Alford, Tommy, additional, Amiri, Mandana, additional, Amodeo, Stefania, additional, An, Rui, additional, Atkins, Zachary, additional, Austermann, Jason E., additional, Battaglia, Nicholas, additional, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, additional, Beall, James A., additional, Bean, Rachel, additional, Beringue, Benjamin, additional, Bhandarkar, Tanay, additional, Biermann, Emily, additional, Bolliet, Boris, additional, Bond, J Richard, additional, Cai, Hongbo, additional, Calabrese, Erminia, additional, Calafut, Victoria, additional, Capalbo, Valentina, additional, Carrero, Felipe, additional, Challinor, Anthony, additional, Chesmore, Grace E., additional, Cho, Hsiao-mei, additional, Choi, Steve K., additional, Clark, Susan E., additional, Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, additional, Cothard, Nicholas F., additional, Coughlin, Kevin, additional, Coulton, William, additional, Crowley, Kevin T., additional, Dalal, Roohi, additional, Darwish, Omar, additional, Devlin, Mark J., additional, Dicker, Simon, additional, Doze, Peter, additional, Duell, Cody J., additional, Duff, Shannon M., additional, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., additional, Dunkley, Jo, additional, Dünner, Rolando, additional, Fanfani, Valentina, additional, Fankhanel, Max, additional, Farren, Gerrit, additional, Ferraro, Simone, additional, Freundt, Rodrigo, additional, Fuzia, Brittany, additional, Gallardo, Patricio A., additional, Garrido, Xavier, additional, Givans, Jahmour, additional, Gluscevic, Vera, additional, Golec, Joseph E., additional, Guan, Yilun, additional, Hall, Kirsten R., additional, Halpern, Mark, additional, Han, Dongwon, additional, Harrison, Ian, additional, Hasselfield, Matthew, additional, Healy, Erin, additional, Henderson, Shawn, additional, Hensley, Brandon, additional, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, additional, Hill, J. Colin, additional, Hilton, Gene C., additional, Hilton, Matt, additional, Hincks, Adam D., additional, Hložek, Renée, additional, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, additional, Huber, Zachary B., additional, Hubmayr, Johannes, additional, Huffenberger, Kevin M., additional, Hughes, John P., additional, Irwin, Kent, additional, Isopi, Giovanni, additional, Jense, Hidde T., additional, Keller, Ben, additional, Kim, Joshua, additional, Knowles, Kenda, additional, Koopman, Brian J., additional, Kosowsky, Arthur, additional, Kramer, Darby, additional, Kusiak, Aleksandra, additional, La Posta, Adrien, additional, Lague, Alex, additional, Lakey, Victoria, additional, Lee, Eunseong, additional, Li, Zack, additional, Limon, Michele, additional, Lokken, Martine, additional, Louis, Thibaut, additional, Lungu, Marius, additional, MacInnis, Amanda, additional, Maldonado, Diego, additional, Maldonado, Felipe, additional, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, additional, Marques, Gabriela A., additional, McMahon, Jeff, additional, Mehta, Yogesh, additional, Menanteau, Felipe, additional, Moodley, Kavilan, additional, Morris, Thomas W., additional, Mroczkowski, Tony, additional, Naess, Sigurd, additional, Namikawa, Toshiya, additional, Nati, Federico, additional, Newburgh, Laura, additional, Nicola, Andrina, additional, Niemack, Michael D., additional, Nolta, Michael R., additional, Orlowski-Scherer, John, additional, Page, Lyman A., additional, Pandey, Shivam, additional, Partridge, Bruce, additional, Prince, Heather, additional, Puddu, Roberto, additional, Radiconi, Federico, additional, Robertson, Naomi, additional, Rojas, Felipe, additional, Sakuma, Tai, additional, Salatino, Maria, additional, Schaan, Emmanuel, additional, Schmitt, Benjamin L., additional, Sehgal, Neelima, additional, Shaikh, Shabbir, additional, Sierra, Carlos, additional, Sievers, Jon, additional, Sifón, Cristóbal, additional, Simon, Sara, additional, Sonka, Rita, additional, Spergel, David N., additional, Staggs, Suzanne T., additional, Storer, Emilie, additional, Switzer, Eric R., additional, Tampier, Niklas, additional, Thornton, Robert, additional, Trac, Hy, additional, Treu, Jesse, additional, Tucker, Carole, additional, Ullom, Joel, additional, Vale, Leila R., additional, Van Engelen, Alexander, additional, Van Lanen, Jeff, additional, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, additional, Vargas, Cristian, additional, Vavagiakis, Eve M., additional, Wagoner, Kasey, additional, Wang, Yuhan, additional, Wenzl, Lukas, additional, Wollack, Edward J., additional, Xu, Zhilei, additional, Zago, Fernando, additional, and Zheng, Kaiwen, additional

Published
2024
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18. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and Its Implications for Structure Growth

Author

Qu, Frank J., primary, Sherwin, Blake D., additional, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., additional, Han, Dongwon, additional, Crowley, Kevin T., additional, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, additional, Ade, Peter A. R., additional, Aiola, Simone, additional, Alford, Tommy, additional, Amiri, Mandana, additional, Amodeo, Stefania, additional, An, Rui, additional, Atkins, Zachary, additional, Austermann, Jason E., additional, Battaglia, Nicholas, additional, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, additional, Beall, James A., additional, Bean, Rachel, additional, Beringue, Benjamin, additional, Bhandarkar, Tanay, additional, Biermann, Emily, additional, Bolliet, Boris, additional, Bond, J Richard, additional, Cai, Hongbo, additional, Calabrese, Erminia, additional, Calafut, Victoria, additional, Capalbo, Valentina, additional, Carrero, Felipe, additional, Carron, Julien, additional, Challinor, Anthony, additional, Chesmore, Grace E., additional, Cho, Hsiao-mei, additional, Choi, Steve K., additional, Clark, Susan E., additional, Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, additional, Cothard, Nicholas F., additional, Coughlin, Kevin, additional, Coulton, William, additional, Dalal, Roohi, additional, Darwish, Omar, additional, Devlin, Mark J., additional, Dicker, Simon, additional, Doze, Peter, additional, Duell, Cody J., additional, Duff, Shannon M., additional, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., additional, Dunkley, Jo, additional, Dünner, Rolando, additional, Fanfani, Valentina, additional, Fankhanel, Max, additional, Farren, Gerrit, additional, Ferraro, Simone, additional, Freundt, Rodrigo, additional, Fuzia, Brittany, additional, Gallardo, Patricio A., additional, Garrido, Xavier, additional, Gluscevic, Vera, additional, Golec, Joseph E., additional, Guan, Yilun, additional, Halpern, Mark, additional, Harrison, Ian, additional, Hasselfield, Matthew, additional, Healy, Erin, additional, Henderson, Shawn, additional, Hensley, Brandon, additional, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, additional, Hill, J. Colin, additional, Hilton, Gene C., additional, Hilton, Matt, additional, Hincks, Adam D., additional, Hložek, Renée, additional, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, additional, Huber, Zachary B., additional, Hubmayr, Johannes, additional, Huffenberger, Kevin M., additional, Hughes, John P., additional, Irwin, Kent, additional, Isopi, Giovanni, additional, Jense, Hidde T., additional, Keller, Ben, additional, Kim, Joshua, additional, Knowles, Kenda, additional, Koopman, Brian J., additional, Kosowsky, Arthur, additional, Kramer, Darby, additional, Kusiak, Aleksandra, additional, La Posta, Adrien, additional, Lague, Alex, additional, Lakey, Victoria, additional, Lee, Eunseong, additional, Li, Zack, additional, Li, Yaqiong, additional, Limon, Michele, additional, Lokken, Martine, additional, Louis, Thibaut, additional, Lungu, Marius, additional, MacCrann, Niall, additional, MacInnis, Amanda, additional, Maldonado, Diego, additional, Maldonado, Felipe, additional, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, additional, Marques, Gabriela A., additional, McMahon, Jeff, additional, Mehta, Yogesh, additional, Menanteau, Felipe, additional, Moodley, Kavilan, additional, Morris, Thomas W., additional, Mroczkowski, Tony, additional, Naess, Sigurd, additional, Namikawa, Toshiya, additional, Nati, Federico, additional, Newburgh, Laura, additional, Nicola, Andrina, additional, Niemack, Michael D., additional, Nolta, Michael R., additional, Orlowski-Scherer, John, additional, Page, Lyman A., additional, Pandey, Shivam, additional, Partridge, Bruce, additional, Prince, Heather, additional, Puddu, Roberto, additional, Radiconi, Federico, additional, Robertson, Naomi, additional, Rojas, Felipe, additional, Sakuma, Tai, additional, Salatino, Maria, additional, Schaan, Emmanuel, additional, Schmitt, Benjamin L., additional, Sehgal, Neelima, additional, Shaikh, Shabbir, additional, Sierra, Carlos, additional, Sievers, Jon, additional, Sifón, Cristóbal, additional, Simon, Sara, additional, Sonka, Rita, additional, Spergel, David N., additional, Staggs, Suzanne T., additional, Storer, Emilie, additional, Switzer, Eric R., additional, Tampier, Niklas, additional, Thornton, Robert, additional, Trac, Hy, additional, Treu, Jesse, additional, Tucker, Carole, additional, Ullom, Joel, additional, Vale, Leila R., additional, Van Engelen, Alexander, additional, Van Lanen, Jeff, additional, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, additional, Vargas, Cristian, additional, Vavagiakis, Eve M., additional, Wagoner, Kasey, additional, Wang, Yuhan, additional, Wenzl, Lukas, additional, Wollack, Edward J., additional, Xu, Zhilei, additional, Zago, Fernando, additional, and Zheng, Kaiwen, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
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19. Astro2020 APC White Paper Project: The Simons Observatory

Author

Abitbol, Maximilian H, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A, Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F, Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D, Crowley, Kevin T, Cukierman, Ari, D’Ewart, John M, D¨unner, Rolando, Haan, Tijmen de, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Flux`a, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W, Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D, Hinshaw, Gary, Hlozek, Renee, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D, Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P, Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loıc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M, Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T, Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R, Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B, Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M, Verg`es, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form (‘SO-Nominal’) consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating (“Stage 3”) experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4. Construction of SO-Nominal is fully funded, and operations and data analysis are funded for part of the planned five-year observations. We will seek federal funding to complete the observations and analysis of SO-Nominal, at the $25M level. The SO has a low risk and cost efficient upgrade path – the 6 m LAT can accommodate almost twice the baseline number of detectors and the SATs can be duplicated at low cost. We will seek funding at the $75M level for an expansion of the SO (‘SO-Enhanced’) that fills the remaining focal plane in the LAT, adds three SATs, and extends operations by five years, substantially improving our science return. By this time SO may be operating as part of the larger CMB-S4 project. This white paper summarizes and extends material presented in, which describes the science goals of SO-Nominal, and which describe the instrument design.

Published
2019

20. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

Author

Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Brown, M, Bruno, S, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, H, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, J, Dünner, R, de Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, J, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Ghersi, J, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, J, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hill, C, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hinshaw, G, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Howe, L, Huang, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Ijjas, A, Ikape, M, Irwin, K, Jaffe, A, Jain, B, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Karpel, E, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kernasovskiy, S, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kiuchi, K, Klein, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuenstner, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lashner, J, Lee, A, Lee, E, Leon, D, Leung, J, Lewis, A, Li, Y, Li, Z, Limon, M, Linder, E, Lopez-Caraballo, C, Louis, T, Lowry, L, Lungu, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mak, D, Maldonado, F, Mani, H, Mates, B, Matsuda, F, Maurin, L, Mauskopf, P, May, A, Mccallum, N, Mckenney, C, Mcmahon, J, Meerburg, P, Meyers, J, Miller, A, Mirmelstein, M, Moodley, K, Munchmeyer, M, Munson, C, Naess, S, Nati, F, Navaroli, M, Newburgh, L, Nguyen, H, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Partridge, B, Peloton, J, Perrotta, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Poletti, D, Puddu, R, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rephaeli, Y, Riechers, D, Rojas, F, Roy, A, Sadeh, S, Sakurai, Y, Salatino, M, Rao, M, Schaan, E, Schmittfull, M, Sehgal, N, Seibert, J, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shimon, M, Sierra, C, Sievers, J, Sikhosana, P, Silva-Feaver, M, Simon, S, Sinclair, A, Siritanasak, P, Smith, K, Smith, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stein, G, Stevens, J, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Teply, G, Thomas, D, Thorne, B, Thornton, R, Trac, H, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vagnozzi, S, Engelen, A, Lanen, J, Winkle, D, Vavagiakis, E, Vergès, C, Vissers, M, Wagoner, K, Walker, S, Ward, J, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Williams, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Yu, B, Yu, C, Zago, F, Zhang, H, Zhu, N, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, Zhu, Ningfeng, Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Brown, M, Bruno, S, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, H, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, J, Dünner, R, de Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, J, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Ghersi, J, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, J, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hill, C, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hinshaw, G, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Howe, L, Huang, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Ijjas, A, Ikape, M, Irwin, K, Jaffe, A, Jain, B, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Karpel, E, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kernasovskiy, S, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kiuchi, K, Klein, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuenstner, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lashner, J, Lee, A, Lee, E, Leon, D, Leung, J, Lewis, A, Li, Y, Li, Z, Limon, M, Linder, E, Lopez-Caraballo, C, Louis, T, Lowry, L, Lungu, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mak, D, Maldonado, F, Mani, H, Mates, B, Matsuda, F, Maurin, L, Mauskopf, P, May, A, Mccallum, N, Mckenney, C, Mcmahon, J, Meerburg, P, Meyers, J, Miller, A, Mirmelstein, M, Moodley, K, Munchmeyer, M, Munson, C, Naess, S, Nati, F, Navaroli, M, Newburgh, L, Nguyen, H, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Partridge, B, Peloton, J, Perrotta, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Poletti, D, Puddu, R, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rephaeli, Y, Riechers, D, Rojas, F, Roy, A, Sadeh, S, Sakurai, Y, Salatino, M, Rao, M, Schaan, E, Schmittfull, M, Sehgal, N, Seibert, J, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shimon, M, Sierra, C, Sievers, J, Sikhosana, P, Silva-Feaver, M, Simon, S, Sinclair, A, Siritanasak, P, Smith, K, Smith, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stein, G, Stevens, J, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Teply, G, Thomas, D, Thorne, B, Thornton, R, Trac, H, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vagnozzi, S, Engelen, A, Lanen, J, Winkle, D, Vavagiakis, E, Vergès, C, Vissers, M, Wagoner, K, Walker, S, Ward, J, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Williams, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Yu, B, Yu, C, Zago, F, Zhang, H, Zhu, N, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng

Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and

Published
2019

21. The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

Author

The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D., Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C., Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zonca, Andrea, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Simons Observatory, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), High-Energy Frontier, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4., Comment: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1808.07445

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