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Industry 5.0, which focuses on human and Artificial Intelligence (AI) collaboration for performing different tasks in manufacturing, involves a higher number of robots, Internet of Things (IoTs) devices and interconnections, Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR), and other smart devices. The huge involvement of these devices and interconnection in various critical areas, such as economy, health, education and defense systems, poses several types of potential security flaws. AI itself has been proven a very effective and powerful tool in different areas of cybersecurity, such as intrusion detection, malware detection, and phishing detection, among others. Just as in many application areas, cybersecurity professionals were reluctant to accept black-box ML solutions for cybersecurity applications. This reluctance pushed forward the adoption of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) as a tool that helps explain how decisions are made in ML-based systems. In this survey, we present a comprehensive study of different XAI-based intrusion detection systems for industry 5.0, and we also examine the impact of explainability and interpretability on Cybersecurity practices through the lens of Adversarial XIDS (Adv-XIDS) approaches. Furthermore, we analyze the possible opportunities and challenges in XAI cybersecurity systems for industry 5.0 that elicit future research toward XAI-based solutions to be adopted by high-stakes industry 5.0 applications. We believe this rigorous analysis will establish a foundational framework for subsequent research endeavors within the specified domain., Comment: 57 pages, 6 figures

This study unveils a comprehensive design strategy, intricately addressing the realization of transmon qubits, the design of Josephson parametric amplifiers, and the development of an innovative fully integrated receiver dedicated to sensing ultra-low-level quantum signals. Quantum theory takes center stage, leveraging the Lindblad master and quantum Langevin equations to design the transmon qubit and Josephson parametric amplifier as open quantum systems. The mentioned quantum devices engineering integrated with the design of a fully integrated 45 nm CMOS system-on-chip receiver, weaves together a nuanced tapestry of quantum and classical elements. On one hand, for the transmon qubit and parametric amplifier operating at 10 mK, critical quantum metrics including entanglement, Stoke projector probabilities, and parametric amplifier gain are calculated. On the other hand, the resulting receiver is a symphony of high-performance elements, featuring a wide-band low-noise amplifier with a 0.8 dB noise figure and ~37 dB gains, a sweepable 5.0 GHz sinusoidal wave generator via the voltage-controlled oscillator, and a purpose-designed mixer achieving C-band to zero-IF conversion. Intermediate frequency amplifier, with a flat gain of around 26 dB, and their low-pass filters, generate a pure sinusoidal wave at zero-IF, ready for subsequent processing at room temperature. This design achieves an impressive balance, with low power consumption (~122 mW), a noise figure of ~0.9 dB, high gain (~130 dB), a wide bandwidth of 3.6 GHz, and compact dimensions (0.54*0.4 mm^2). The fully integrated receiver capability to read out at least 90 qubits positions this design for potential applications in quantum computing. Validation through post-simulations at room temperature underscores the promising and innovative nature of this design.

This study unveils a groundbreaking exploration of using semiconductor technology in quantum circuitry. Leveraging the unique operability of 45 nm CMOS technology at deep cryogenic temperatures (~ 300 mK), a novel quantum electronic circuit is meticulously designed. Through the intricate coupling of two matching circuits via a 45 nm nMOS transistor, operating as an open quantum system, the circuit quantum Hamiltonian and the related Heisenberg-Langevin equation are derived, setting the stage for a comprehensive quantum analysis. Central to this investigation are three pivotal coefficients derived, which are the coupling between the coupled oscillator charge and flux operators through the internal circuit of the transistor. These coefficients emerge as critical determinants, shaping both the circuit potential as a parametric amplifier and its impact on quantum properties. The study unfolds a delicate interplay between these coefficients, showcasing their profound influence on quantum discord and the gain of the parametric amplifier. Consequently, the assimilation of 45 nm CMOS technology with quantum circuitry makes it possible to potentially bridge the technological gap in quantum computing applications, where the parametric amplifier is a necessary and critical device. The designed novel quantum device serves not only as a quantum parametric amplifier to amplify quantum signals but also enhances the inherent quantum properties of the signals such as non-classicality. Therefore, one can create an effective parametric amplifier that simultaneously improves the quantum characteristics of the signals. The more interesting result is that if such a theory becomes applicable, the circuit implemented in the deep-cryogenic temperature can be easily compatible with the next step of circuitry while keeping the same electronic features compatibility with the quantum processor., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures

In this paper, we propose an image compression algorithm called Microshift. We employ an algorithm hardware co-design methodology, yielding a hardware-friendly compression approach with low power consumption. In our method, the image is first micro-shifted, then the sub-quantized values are further compressed. Two methods, the FAST and MRF model, are proposed to recover the bit-depth by exploiting the spatial correlation of natural images. Both methods can decompress images progressively. Our compression algorithm compresses images to 1.25 bits per pixel on average with PSNR of 33.16 dB, outperforming other on-chip compression algorithms. Then, we propose a hardware architecture and implement the algorithm on an FPGA and ASIC. The results on the VLSI design further validate the low hardware complexity and high power efficiency, showing our method is promising, particularly for low-power wireless vision sensor networks., Comment: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology

Acoustic wave resonators are promising for gravimetric biosensing. However, they generally suffer from strong acoustic radiation in liquid, which limits their quality factor and increases their frequency noise. This article presents an acoustic-radiation-free gravimetric biosensor based on a locally-resonant surface phononic crystal (SPC) consisting of periodic high aspect ratio electrodes to ad-dress the above issue. The acoustic wave generated in the SPC is slower than the sound wave in water, hence preventing acoustic propagation in the fluid and resulting in energy confinement near the electrode surface. This energy confinement results in a significant quality factor improvement and thus reduces the frequency noise. The proposed SPC resonator is numerically studied by finite element analysis and experimentally implemented by an electroplating based fabrication process. Experimental results show that the SPC resonator exhibits an in-liquid quality factor 15 times higher than a conventional Rayleigh wave resonator with a similar operating frequency. The proposed radiation suppression method using SPC can also be applied in other types of acoustic wave resonators. It can thus serve as a general technique for boosting the in-liquid quality factor and the sensing performance of many acoustic biosensors.

In this paper, we report on the observation of nonlinear effects in a nanostrip phononic metasurface (NPM) that enable the tuning of resonance frequencies at 1.42 GHz. The NPM resonator made of periodic nanostrip array is fabricated on a lithium niobate substrate. Each of the nanostrip is 250-nm wide and is made of 680-nm-thick SiO2 layer stacking on 50-nm Al metal electrodes. Finite element analysis reveals that the device operates in a vertically polarized (compression) mode with substantial acoustic energy confined in the nanostrips, leading to a local resonance at low acoustic velocity. Due to the nonlinearity, the resonance frequency of the device decreases quadratically with the increase of stimulation power from 10 to 30 dBm. The underlying mechanism of the nonlinearity is found to be the power-dependent coupling of the adjacent nanostrips. This coupling induces softening of the substrate surface region, which reduces the acoustic velocity and hence the bulk radiation. As a result, the quality factor of the NPM resonator is found to improve with the increase of stimulation power. The power-dependent coupling of nanostrips in the NPM resonator demonstrates a reliable method for the realization of nonlinearity in phononic metasurfaces, which would significantly enrich the mechanisms for the manipulation of surface acoustic waves at high frequencies.

This paper presents the first end-to-end network for exemplar-based video colorization. The main challenge is to achieve temporal consistency while remaining faithful to the reference style. To address this issue, we introduce a recurrent framework that unifies the semantic correspondence and color propagation steps. Both steps allow a provided reference image to guide the colorization of every frame, thus reducing accumulated propagation errors. Video frames are colorized in sequence based on the colorization history, and its coherency is further enforced by the temporal consistency loss. All of these components, learned end-to-end, help produce realistic videos with good temporal stability. Experiments show our result is superior to the state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.