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In the last decades, research focused on the surroundings’ influence over schools, but only a few studies investigated whether the presence of a school may increase its surroundings’ safety. Still, the characteristics of the school which could ameliorate the surroundings’ safety are still unclear. The current study hypothesizes that: i. a higher number of communication strategies in the school may increase the school surroundings’ safety; ii. the students’ participation in school decisions and the frequency of anti-bullying programs may strengthen the effect of communication over surroundings’ safety. The sample includes data of 62 school principals from the Northern Italian region of Lombardy who answered self-report questions from Health Behaviors in School-Aged Children (2014) protocol. Findings from moderation analysis show that a higher number of communication strategies within the school fosters the perception of safer school surroundings. The impact of students’ participation in school decisions does not constitute a significant moderator of the relationship. In contrast, the frequency of anti-bullying programs results to impact negatively on the association between communication strategies and surroundings’ safety.

The present study investigated the antecedents of cyberbullying victimization and addressed the commonalities and differences between visual and written forms of cyberbullying victimization among 3172 Italian adolescents (51.6% male, M age = 13.74 years, SD = 1.70) who participated in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC, 2014) survey. The results from two logistic regression models revealed that the two distinct forms of cyberbullying victimization presented common and unique associated factors. Family support was negatively associated with both forms of cyberbullying victimization, while greater use of social networks and frequent experiences of traditional bullying victimization were positively associated with both forms. Neither written nor visual forms of cyberbullying victimization were associated with the quality of school relationships or online gaming frequency. Gender (female) was associated with written, but not visual, cyberbullying victimization. Finally, visual cyberbullying victimization was positively associated with high family socio-economic status and traditional bullying perpetration. The findings highlight the urgent need to tailor preventive and intervention strategies for the adolescent population.

Il gioco d’azzardo si è notevolmente diffuso negli ultimi anni in Italia e conseguentemente sono aumentate le preoccupazioni sulle conseguenze negative su salute, economia e socialità. Una delle strategie considerate efficaci in letteratura per prevenire i rischi legati al gioco consi-ste nel coinvolgimento di esercenti dei locali in cui il gioco viene offerto. Lo studio presenta la valutazione di un’azione di coinvolgimento dei locali che offrono gioco d’azzardo in ambito preventivo, attraverso l’adesione ad un codice etico. Una prima fase si è focalizzata sul con-fronto tra le azioni previste nel codice e le evidenze in letteratura. Successivamente, è stato rea-lizzato uno studio qualitativo per indagare e confrontare tra esercenti che hanno aderito al Co-dice etico e esercenti che non lo hanno fatto alcuni costrutti considerati particolarmente rilevanti per l’attivazione di azioni di prevenzione e il riconoscimento da parte degli esercenti di un ruo-lo preventivo all’interno della comunità. Sono stati coinvolti complessivamente 24 esercenti (11 di questi hanno aderito al codice etico) attraverso 3 focus group. È stata realizzata un’analisi del contenuto. I risultati evidenziano differenze tra gli esercenti che aderiscono al codice etico e quelli che non aderiscono, in particolare nel loro atteggiamento, nella rappresen-tazione e nel riconoscimento della pericolosità del gioco d’azzardo, nella percezione del loro ruolo e della propria possibilità di attuare azioni efficaci a prevenire il gioco d’azzardo patolo-gico. I risultati hanno inoltre permesso di identificare strategie di miglioramento delle azioni previste dal codice etico e di potenziamento del ruolo sociale e preventivo degli esercenti., In recent years, gambling has spread in Italy and concerns about its negative consequences on health, economy, and sociality have increased. One of the strategies considered effective in the literature to prevent gambling risks is to involve the staff of gambling venues. The study presents the evaluation of an intervention to involve gambling venues in the preventive field, joining a Code of Ethics. A first phase focused on comparing the actions foreseen in the Code and the evidence in the literature. Later, a qualitative study was realized to investigate and compare, between venues’ managers who joined the Code of Ethics and those who didn’t, some constructs particularly relevant for prevention action implementation and the recognition of a preventive role within the community. A total of 24 staff members were involved (11 of these joined the Code of Ethics) through 3 focus groups. A content analysis was carried out and a qualitative research method was used. The results highlight differences between venues’ mangers who joined the Code of Ethics and those who do not, in particular in their attitude, in the representation and recognition of the risks of gambling, in the perception of their role, and their ability to implement effective actions to prevent pathological gambling. The results also made it possible to identify strategies to improve the actions foreseen by the Code and strengthening the social and preventive role of the managers.

The Coronavirus pandemic has impacted the entire school population’s emotions and the disruption of the organization of the school world. In this context it is important to reflect on the role of health promotion at school. The present study aimed at exploring school leaders’ and teachers’ perspectives and experiences about COVID-19 pandemic and its effects in the school and education system. The first objective was to gather the experience of school leaders regarding the change in school organization, with particular attention to organizational and health promotion aspects. The second was to investigate the perception of health promotion and self-efficacy of teachers in primary, middle and high schools. The research was conducted using qualitative (focus groups for the school leaders) and quantitative methods (questionnaires for the teachers). The findings showed new ways of improving wellbeing at school and implementing health promotion through the sharing of good practice between school leaders. The need for time and space to reflect among school leaders on the educational and didactic aspects of school organization also emerged. Teachers showed a low to medium level of self-efficacy regarding the adoption of strategies in line with health promotion; specificities for each grade and level will be discussed.

Parental control and family dinners attendance may constitute protective factors against alcohol consumption during adolescence, with different patterns for boys and girls, though evidence thus far have produced mixed findings. The present study analyzed Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC, 2014) data from 906 adolescents living in Northern Italy (49% boys, Myears = 16.02, SD = 2.4) to examine: (a) gender differences in alcohol consumption frequency; (b) whether greater parental control would mediate gender differences in alcohol consumption over the last 30 days; (c) whether regular attendance of family dinners would strengthen the effect of parental control in decreasing adolescents’ alcohol consumption, functioning differently for boys and girls. Findings indicated that boys reported to attend family dinners more regularly, to consume alcohol more frequently, and to perceive greater paternal control, than girls. Conversely, girls perceived greater maternal control than boys. Both maternal and paternal control did mediate the relation between gender and alcohol consumption, decreasing adolescents’ drinking. Unexpectedly, family dinners attendance did not significantly moderate the effect of parental control on the monthly frequency of adolescents’ alcohol consumption. Results underline the protective role of parental control against adolescents’ alcohol consumption in both girls and boys, regardless of their family dinners attendance.

Oral cancer, representing all the malignancies arising in the oral cavity, is the eighth most diffused neoplasm worldwide. Despite therapeutic improvements, its survival rate has not changed significantly over the past few decades, with a 5-year survival rate slightly above 50%. In this context, a search for new therapeutic strategies is mandatory. Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds derived from plants, have a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant and anticancer. They have been proved to counteract the growth of several types of cancer through multiple mechanisms including the inhibition of cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction, and the modulation of intracellular pathways. Because of their multiple biological activities and their safe toxicological profile, flavonoids have been studied widely in the last decade as potential leads for anticancer therapy. Several studies have reported different flavonoid effects according to cancer cell type. In the present review, therefore, we have evaluated the data available on the effect of flavonoids on oral cancer, with the aim of identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying their potential anticancer properties.

In this study the potential anticancer effect of 2 flavonoids, myiricetin (MYR) and naringenin (NAR) has been evaluated on an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line, SCC-25, and HaCaT cells. Both the flavonoids inhibited SCC-25 cell growth, although NAR selectively affected cancer cells without impairing HaCaT cell growth. The cell proliferation inhibition by MYR and NAR was not related to apoptosis induction, but on cell cycle impairment, because a G0/G1 and a G2/M blockage was highlighted following 24 h of treatment in SCC-25 and HaCaT cells, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that MYR induced a decrease of Cyclin D1 in SCC-25 and of Cyclin B1b in HaCaT cells, while NAR negatively modulated Cyclin D1 expression in SCC-25 cells. Wound-healing and cell invasion assays demonstrated that both the flavonoids were able to reduce motility on both SCC-25 and HaCaT cells. In conclusion the results of the present study show the anticancer potential of NAR and MYR on OSCC because they exert cytostatic effect by the impairment of cell cycle progression. Moreover both the flavonoids inhibit cell migration, thus highlighting their potential effect as antimetastatic agents. Therefore, MYR and NAR appear as promising candidate as oral cancer chemopreventive agents.

Oral Cancer (OC) is one of the most frequent cancer in Head and Neck district and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes the large majority of the neoplasia arising in oral cavity. OSCC remains a hampering matters for clinics, since the overall disease free survival has not significantly increased during the last decades and invasion to surrounding tissue and to regional lymph nodes is often reported. Therefore new strategies to prevent and inhibit OSCC growth and invasion are highly desirable and new therapeutic approaches are currently tempted also with the use of natural compounds. Myricetin (MYR) and Naringenin (NAR), two naturally occurring flavonoids, widely diffused in plants, fruits and vegetable, have recently gained consideration thanks to their anti oxidant, anti inflammatory and anti tumoral properties. In this study their potential anticancer effect has been evaluated on an OSCC cell line, SCC-25 and on spontaneously immortalized non tumoral keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. MYR and NAR induce a significant cell growth inhibition in SCC-25 cells, in addition NAR selectively affected cancer cells, since it does not impair HaCaT cell growth. Furthermore an additive effect of MYR and NAR has been highlighted. The cell proliferation inhibition is not related to apoptosis induction, as demonstrated by evaluation of phosphatidyl serine membrane translocation and dapi staining. On the contrary MYR and NAR effect depends on the cell cycle progression impairment. Wound-healing and cell invasion assays, respectively performed by cell monolayer scratch and Boyden Chamber transwell test, demonstrate that the two flavonoids are able to reduce motility and invasiveness on both SCC-25 and HaCaT cells. In conclusion the results of the present study show the anticancer potential of NAR and MYR on OSCC, since both flavonoids prevent cancer cell proliferation through a cytostatic effect, by the impairment of cell cycle progression. Moreover both the flavonoids inhibit

La legge fallimentare, il codice della proprietà industriale e la legge sul diritto d'autore sono fonti del diritto speciali. Lo scritto considera il difficile quesito della prevalenza o meno delle fonti del diritto industriale sulla legge fallimentare allorché l'amministrazione fallimentare sia attore o convenuto in una controversia relativa a diritti di proprietà intellettuale.