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190 results on '"Bilston, Lynne E."'

6. Regional associations between inspiratory tongue dilatory movement and genioglossus activity during wakefulness in people with obstructive sleep apnoea

Author

Jugé, Lauriane, primary, Liao, Angela, additional, Yeung, Jade, additional, Knapman, Fiona L., additional, Bull, Christopher, additional, Burke, Peter G.R., additional, Brown, Elizabeth C., additional, Gandevia, Simon C., additional, Eckert, Danny J., additional, Butler, Jane E., additional, and Bilston, Lynne E., additional

Published
2023
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12. Aquaporin-4 expression and modulation in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia.

Author

Berliner, Joel A., Lam, Magdalena A., Najafi, Elmira, Hemley, Sarah J., Bilston, Lynne E., and Stoodley, Marcus A.

Subjects
RATS, AQUAPORINS, SYRINGOMYELIA, ANIMAL disease models, SPRAGUE Dawley rats, SPINAL cord
Abstract

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has been implicated in post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS), a disease characterised by the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the spinal cord. This study investigated the expression of AQP4 around a mature cyst (syrinx) and the effect of pharmacomodulation of AQP4 on syrinx size. PTS was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats by computerized spinal cord impact and subarachnoid kaolin injection. Immunofluorescence of AQP4 was carried out on mature syrinx tissue 12 weeks post-surgery. Increased AQP4 expression corresponded to larger, multiloculated cysts (R2 = 0.94), yet no localized changes to AQP4 expression in perivascular regions or the glia limitans were present. In a separate cohort of animals, at 6 weeks post-surgery, an AQP4 agonist (AqF026), antagonist (AqB050), or vehicle was administered daily over 4 days, with MRIs performed before and after the completion of treatment. Histological analysis was performed at 12 weeks post-surgery. Syrinx volume and length were not altered with AQP4 modulation. The correlation between increased AQP4 expression with syrinx area suggests that AQP4 or the glia expressing AQP4 are recruited to regulate water movement. Given this, further investigation should examine AQP4 modulation with dose regimens at earlier time-points after PTS induction, as these may alter the course of syrinx development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Dynamic frontal crash performance of old and used child restraint systems

Author

Whyte, Tom, Kent, Nicholas, Griffiths, Michael, Bilston, Lynne E., and Brown, Julie

Abstract

To examine the effect of age on the dynamic performance of child restraint systems in frontal crashes. A sample of used (3-269 months from manufacture) and newly purchased child restraints were subjected to frontal crash simulations of more than 56 km/h and peak deceleration approximately 33 g on a deceleration sled. Restraints were monitored for evidence of damage before and after each impact. Anthropometric test device (ATD) head and chest responses and peak head excursions were recorded for rearward facing restraints using the Q1 ATD and for forward facing restraints and booster seats using the Q6 ATD. The influence of restraint age on peak 3 ms head acceleration, HIC15, head excursion, peak 3 ms chest acceleration and restraint damage were analyzed. In all impacts, the ATD remained within the restraint and secured to the test bench demonstrating the crash protection offered by the old and used restraints. There was no apparent relationship between ATD responses and restraint age for any restraint type. Older forward facing restraint systems had a very modest increase in forward head excursion (R2 = 0.59, p = 0.001) of 0.27 mm for each month of age (95% CI, 0.13 mm − 0.42 mm). This equates to a 0.7% increase in the minimum measured excursion per year of restraint age. There was also a small increased likelihood of critical damage to the restraints in the simulated crashes per month of restraint age (OR 1.031, 95% CI 1.010-1.069). Overall, degradation in restraint dynamic performance in older restraints, including some that are much older than the currently recommended 10-year lifetime, is minimal. However newer restraints may provide better protection due to marginal improvements in restraint design over time. Furthermore, the results of this study confirm previous recommendations that restraints should not be re-used after crash involvement.

Published
2021
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22. Tetraplegic obstructive sleep apnoea patients dilate the airway similarly to able-bodied obstructive sleep apnoea patients

Author

Hatt, Alice, primary, Brown, Elizabeth, additional, Berlowitz, David J., additional, O’Donoghue, Fergal, additional, Meaklim, Hailey, additional, Connelly, Alan, additional, Jackson, Graeme, additional, Sutherland, Kate, additional, Cistulli, Peter A., additional, Lee, Bon San Bonne, additional, and Bilston, Lynne E., additional

Published
2020
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28. Contemporary image-based methods for measuring passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in vivo

Author

Bilston, Lynne E., Bolsterlee, Bart, Nordez, Antoine, Sinha, Shantanu, Bilston, Lynne E., Bolsterlee, Bart, Nordez, Antoine, and Sinha, Shantanu

Abstract

Bilston LE, Bolsterlee B, Nordez A, Sinha S. Contemporary image-based methods for measuring passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in vivo. J Appl Physiol 126: 1454 –1464, 2019. First published September 20, 2018; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00672.2018.—Skeletal muscles’ primary function in the body is mechanical: to move and stabilize the skeleton. As such, their mechanical behavior is a key aspect of their physiology. Recent developments in medical imaging technology have enabled quantitative studies of passive muscle mechanics, ranging from measurements of intrinsic muscle mechanical properties, such as elasticity and viscosity, to three-dimensional muscle architecture and dynamic muscle deformation and kinematics. In this review we summarize the principles and applications of contemporary imaging methods that have been used to study the passive mechanical behavior of skeletal muscles. Elastography measurements can provide in vivo maps of passive muscle mechanical parameters, and both MRI and ultrasound methods are available (magnetic resonance elastography and ultrasound shear wave elastography, respectively). Both have been shown to differentiate between healthy muscle and muscles affected by a broad range of clinical conditions. Detailed muscle architecture can now be depicted using diffusion tensor imaging, which not only is particularly useful for computational modeling of muscle but also has potential in assessing architectural changes in muscle disorders. More dynamic information about muscle mechanics can be obtained using a range of dynamic MRI methods, which characterize the detailed internal muscle deformations during motion. There are several MRI techniques available (e.g., phase-contrast MRI, displacement-encoded MRI, and “tagged” MRI), each of which can be collected in synchrony with muscle motion and postprocessed to quantify muscle deformation. Together, these modern imaging techniques can characterize muscle motion, deformation, mechan

Published
2019

31. Buckle up safely: a cluster randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a pre-school based program to increase appropriate use of child restraints

Author

Hunter Kate, Bilston Lynne E, Brown Julie, Keay Lisa, Ivers Rebecca Q, Simpson Judy M, and Stevenson Mark

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Road traffic crashes for car occupants are a leading cause of death and serious injury in children from high and middle income countries globally. Correct use of appropriate child restraints can significantly reduce death and serious injury but there is a need for well powered trials to examine effectiveness of programs to increase optimal child restraint practices. The aim of this trial is to examine the effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention to increase the use of appropriate child restraints, and decrease incorrect use of child restraints in pre-school aged children traveling in cars. Methods and Design A cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted, involving 28 pre-school or childcare centres in low income areas of Sydney, Australia, over one calendar year. The intervention is an educational program involving an in-service for centre staff, distribution of educational materials to parents, a parent workshop demonstrating restraint use, subsidised restraints for parents in need, and vouchers for a free restraint checking service. Blinded assessors will observe restraint use at all centres at the end of the calendar year. Data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis; the primary analysis will compare the proportion of each of the two outcome measures (use of appropriate restraints, and incorrect use of restraints) at each centre between intervention and control groups. Detailed process evaluation will be conducted, including examination of implementation and utilisation of various elements of the program by both centres and families. Discussion This assessor blinded cluster randomised trial is powered to provide credible evidence about the efficacy of an education and distribution program in a pre-school setting to increase appropriate use, and decrease incorrect use of child restraints. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12609000612213.

Published
2011
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39. The role of comfort in child restraint use practices

Author

Fong, Cameron K., Bilston, Lynne E., Paul, Gunther, Brown, Julie, Fong, Cameron K., Bilston, Lynne E., Paul, Gunther, and Brown, Julie

Abstract

Suboptimal restraint use, particularly the incorrect use of restraints, is a significant and widespread problem among child vehicle occupants, and increases the risk of injury. Previous research has identified comfort as a potential factor influencing suboptimal restraint use. Both the real comfort experienced by the child and the parent’s perception of the child’s comfort are reported to influence the optimal use of restraints. Problems with real comfort may lead the child to misuse the restraint in their attempt to achieve better comfort whilst parent-perceived discomfort has been reported as a driver for premature graduation and inappropriate restraint choice. However, this work has largely been qualitative. There has been no research that objectively studies either the association between real and parent-perceived comfort, or any association between comfort and suboptimal restraint use. One barrier to such studies is the absence of validated tools for quantifying real comfort in children. We aimed to develop methods to examine both real and parent-perceived comfort and examine their effects on suboptimal restraint use. We conducted online parent surveys (n=470) to explore what drives parental perceptions of their child’s comfort in restraint systems (study 1) and used data from field observation studies (n=497) to examine parent-perceived comfort and its relationship with observed restraint use (study 2). We developed methods to measure comfort in children in a laboratory setting (n=14) using video analysis to estimate a Discomfort Avoidance Behaviour (DAB) score, pressure mapping and adapted survey tools to differentiate between comfortable and induced discomfort conditions (study 3). The DAB rate was then used to compare an integrated booster with an add-on booster (study 4) Preliminary analysis of our recent online survey of Australian parents (study 1) indicates that 23% of parents report comfort as a consideration when making a decision to change restraints

Published
2015

40. Changes in human sensory axonal excitability induced by focal nerve compression

Author

Han, S Eric, Lin, Cindy S-Y, Boland, Robert A, Bilston, Lynne E, and Kiernan, Matthew C

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sensory Receptor Cells, Nerve Compression Syndromes, Action Potentials, Middle Aged, Axons, Electric Stimulation, Median Nerve, Electrophysiology, Forearm, Young Adult, Ischemia, Regional Blood Flow, Physical Stimulation, Humans, Female, Paresthesia, Electrodes, Neuroscience
Abstract

The aim of the present study was to establish the changes in nerve excitability and symptom generation associated with the application of focal nerve compression (FNC). FNC was applied at the wrist by means of a custom-designed electrode in 10 healthy subjects, and was maintained for 24 min. Symptoms of paraesthesiae and signs of numbness were recorded every 30 s. Despite apparently minimal changes in axonal threshold, FNC was associated with prolongation in latency by 14.5 ± 2.1% (P < 0.001) and reduction in compound sensory action potential (CSAP) amplitude by 34.3 ± 5.1% (P < 0.001), with two subjects developing conduction block. The reduction in CSAP was associated with abolition of superexcitability, and an increase in refractoriness of 295.2 ± 55.5% (P < 0.005) and strength–duration time constant (SDTC) by 48.1 ± 10.3% (P < 0.005), all consistent with axonal depolarization. With release of FNC, threshold rapidly increased above pre-compression levels (P < 0.01), consistent with the development of axonal hyperpolarization. Associated with these changes in axonal excitability, paraesthesiae and numbness steadily increased throughout FNC and reached a peak at the termination of FNC, followed by a gradual recovery on release of FNC. When compared to previous studies that utilised the effects of more generalised limb ischaemia, the changes in axonal excitability recorded during FNC were qualitatively and quantitatively alike, suggesting that similar biophysical mechanisms contributed to the changes observed with both manoeuvres.

Published
2010

49. Effect of head and jaw position on respiratory-related motion of the genioglossus.

Author

Mingshu Cai, Brown, Elizabeth C., Hatt, Alice, Shaokoon Cheng, and Bilston, Lynne E.

Subjects
HEAD, JAWS, MUSCLES, TONGUE, RESPIRATION, OROPHARYNX, ANATOMY
Abstract

Head and jaw position influence upper airway patency and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the main upper airway dilator muscle, the genioglossus. However, it is not known whether changes in genioglossus EMG activity translate into altered muscle movement during respiration. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of head and jaw position on dilatory motion of the genioglossus in healthy adult men during quiet breathing by measuring the displacement of the posterior tongue in six positions-neutral, head extension, head rotation, head flexion, mouth opening, and mandibular advancement. Respiratory-related motion of the genioglossus was imaged with spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) in 12 awake male participants. Tissue displacement was quantified with harmonic phase (HARP) analysis. The genioglossus moved anteriorly beginning immediately before or during inspiration, and there was greater movement in the oropharynx than in the velopharynx in all positions. Anterior displacements of the oropharyngeal tongue varied between neutral head position (0.81 ± 0.41 mm), head flexion (0.62 ± 0.45 mm), extension (0.39 ± 0.19 mm), axial rotation (0.39 ± 0.2 mm), mouth open (1.24 ± 0.72 mm), and mandibular advancement (1.08 ± 0.65 mm). Anteroposterior displacement increased in the mouth-open position and decreased in the rotated position relative to cross-sectional area (CSA) (P = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively), but CSA did not independently predict anteroposterior movement overall (P = 0.057). The findings of this study suggest that head position influences airway dilation during inspiration and may contribute to variation in airway patency in different head positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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