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Climate change has become the biggest global challenge, being a real danger especially for crops and an inevitable threat to food security. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in the Transylvanian Plain during 2012–2021, regarding the influence of climatic factors, such as temperature, rainfall, water reserve in the soil and hours of sunshine, on the development stages and yield of maize. During 2012–2021, the soil water reserve determined for maize cultivation was above the minimum requirements (1734.8 m3 ha−1) in the spring months, but fell below this limit in the months when the water consumption for maize was the highest, but without reaching the withering index (1202.8 m3 ha−1). The hours of sunshine in the maize vegetation period have been significantly reduced from 1655.5 h (2012) to values between 1174.6 and 1296.7 h, with a significant decrease in this parameter being observed. The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.51) shows the importance of rainfall during the period of emergence of reproductive organs in maize production. During 2019–2021, there was a decreasing trend of temperatures in May compared to the multiannual average of this month, and therefore the processes of emergence and growth of plants in the early stages were affected. During the period of the study, all parameters analyzed (temperature, rainfall, water reserve in the soil, hours of sunshine) deviated from the multiannual average, with negative variations compared to the requirements of maize. Climatic conditions, especially during the growing season, have a significant influence on the yield of a crop, especially when the interaction between several parameters is manifested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desire for sustainable agriculture has begun to spread in the las decades. The main issues of growing strawberries in organic system are represented by the control of diseases and pests and weeds control. Their appearance and development is directly influenced by agro-climatic factors, being, in this case, necesarry to use the most effective techniques and methods to control them. Thus, for the control of weeds the soil was mulched with black plastic. The soil temperature and humidity was monitorized in fieldd and tunnel using two HOBO microstations. The sensors were placed at 10-15 cm depth. In field were registered the rainfalls and air temperature at a heigh of 1m. Durring the study (March-June 2018), the highest values of soil temperature and moisture were recorded in tunnel. From phytosanitary point of view, the fluctuations of agro-climatic factors influenced both the variety and the amount of strawberries affected by fungal diseases. The highest quantity of strawberries was affected in field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to perform the oestrus induction and synchronization of Saanen goats in outof-season. The study was conducted from July 2014 - April 2015 on 77 Saanen goats, aged between 1.5 to 5 years. The goats were divided into three experimental groups: in group I (n =37 goats) intravaginal sponge (Ovigest) containing 60 mg of MPA was left in the vagina for 14 days. Immediately after sponge removal the animals received two injections: 0.75 mg (1 ml) prostaglandin (Prosolvin) and 500 IU PMSG hormone (Folligon). In group II (n=20) oestrus induction and synchronization was performed using synthetic prostaglandin (Proliz - 1 ml containing 0.2 mg isopropyl ester of cloprostenol and 9 mg benzyl alcohol) at the dose of 0.5 ml/animal. The group III (n=20) was considered the control group and oestrus synchronization was performed using fertile bucks. In group I the results showed that all goats expressed signs of oestrus. The average value of the oestrus interval was 33 hours and the average of oestrus duration was 20 hours. The number of kids obtained in group I was 94, and prolificacy was P (%) = 2.54. In group II and III was not observed occurrence of oestrus. Synchronization practice is necessary, due to a significant positive effect on oestrus and fecundity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrate accumulation in plants is a natural phenomenon resulting from uptake of nitrate ion in excess of its reduction and subsequent assimilation. The problem of nitrate (V) accumulation in vegetable plants is very important to a potential consumer, due to the reported negative impact of nitrates on human health. The aim of this study was to determine the nitrate contents in edible parts of 2 varieties of carrot, before clamping and after uncovering, in fresh carrot and dry matter. Achievement of a rational system of supplementary fertilization requires setting of the most appropriate combination of fertilizers, the ratio between these epochs and the doses of administration and knowledge of how each variety or hybrid reacts to the fertilizers used. Also, if organic carrots are used then the organic fertilizer has natural nitrates unlike the chemical fertilizer which can create a higher concentration of nitrates. The mode of fertilization and its influence on the content in nitrates shows that organic fertilization leads to accumulation of smaller quantities of nitrates in carrot roots. Organic fertilization results in a reduction in the nitrates from roots with 1.89 mg/100 g, respectively 1.91 mg/100 g in 2010, and for the year 2011 of 2.47 mg/100 g and 2.68 mg/100 g, as compared with the chemical fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antropochore plants (weeds and invasive plants) succeed to be incorporated in some plant formations from the natural environment getting in fight with the species of that formation plant. There are mentioned 130 species (3,7%) as antropochore plants into the Romanian flora. The study of the antropochore vegetation was done during the vegetative year 2010 (May-October) being based on direct observations correlative with date from got from the Romanian flora, this study was to be carried forward in the next years. In the present work it is presented the study of the antropochore vegetation from four forestry associations: • Salicetea purpuraea Association (Moor 1958) that contains 18 antropochore species; • Fraxino-Ulmetum Associations (Tx. 1952) Oberd. 1953; Telekio speciosae-Alnetum incanae (Coldea, 1990), Aegopodio-Alnetum (Karpati et Jurkó, 1961) where were identified 8 antropochore species; • Querco-Fagetea Association (Vlieger, 1937) that contains 16 antropochore species care and, • Querco petraeae - Carpinetum Association (Soó et Pocs, 1957) where were identified 10 antropochore species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato has a very significant place in the agriculture of sub-mountainous area of Bistrita Nasaud County. Thus, in the locality of Tîrlişua, the majority of the arable fields are cultivated with potato crop, usually in crop rotations with barley, corn or autumn wheat. To achieve a weed control in potato crops cultivated in this area, mostly traditional agro-technical methods are applied, due to the features of the area, which is a mountainous area, having small plots and predominantly on slopes. The paper presents the results of the studies carried out in 2008 to test different technological variants for potato crop, in order to observe their direct or indirect effects on control of weeds from Tîrlişua area, Bistrita-Năsăud County. Also, there are presented: the weed species determined in the research field with a specific frequency; the general weeding degree (no. of weeds/sq. meter); the results obtained for 5 potato crop technological variants, were non-chemical methods are applied for weed control; the potato crop yields and ANOVA interpretations of weed control results and yields obtained, all these in order to select the most efficient variant for this specific area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vitamin content of cultivated mushrooms differs from one species to another, depending on their stage of development, the nutrient substrate used to produce them, and the microclimate in the culture space. Agaricus blazei Murrill is one of the most popular cultivated medicinal mushrooms, with scientifically proven therapeutic properties. Considering that the Agaricus spp. mushrooms culture substrate can be produced using various raw materials, in this paper we have studied the influence of the culture substrate using four types of substrate with different protein additions on the vitamin content of mushrooms. The food qualities of the Agaricusblazei Murrill mushrooms, evaluated by the chemical composition, generally revealed the product obtained on the classic compost, improved with the addition of proteinaceous of corn flour. Mushrooms harvested on this substrate have the highest levels of B1 (1151 μg 100 g−1 dm), B9 (671 μg 100 g−1 dm), B12 (906 μg 100 g−1 dm), PP (55.33 μg 100 g−1 dm), and C vitamins (21.67 μg 100 g−1 dm). The content of ergosterol, as a precursor of D2 vitamin, has higher values in the product obtained on the classic compost, with the addition of wheat bran (90.17 mg 100 g−1 dm) and the addition of corn flour (94 mg 100 g−1 dm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of sugar in carrots has an obvious influence upon the perception of the sweet taste and can also hide the bitter taste. In the experiment conducted in 2011, the amount of sugar in the roots of the carrots was taken into consideration for the varieties studied, Flakker and Nantes, depending on the time of sowing and the fertilizer used. The values obtained for the varieties studied registered sugar content between 8.70 and 10.93 mg/100 g.s.p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study of the influence of the soil usage and soil tillage system on soil properties. The study's authors examined the changes of arable soil properties by a five years application of four working systems of soil. They suggested that the application of minimum tillage systems determine an increasing of the humus content and an increasing of the hydro stabile aggregates content.

This article discusses a study of the influence of a tillage system on weed development on a corn culture. It identified a role played by the soil tillage system and weed suppressing methods for all the weeding crops. It found that weed intensity is higher on all minimum soil tillage systems. It also showed that the yearly monocothiledonates and dicothiledonate recorded approximately the same data on all the experimental variants.

Medicinal and aromatic plants are expressed by roots, rhizomes, leaves, flowers or fruits and the scientific interest for natural medicine and traditional practice of treatment increase more and more. The purpose of research are related with the theoretical and practical knowledge regarding the cultivation technology of the medicinal and aromatic species (Salvia officinalis, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris), being interested also in the intensity of plants photosynthesis, during different vegetation periods. Establishing the photosynthesis rote is made with the help of CO2 infrared analyzer. This equipment determines the photosynthesis rate by analyzing the CO2 content in the leaf chamber, the photosynthesis rate being given by the difference of CO2 in the air and the one released by the leaf, on surface unit in µmol CO2/m²/s. The data taken with the help of this equipment are transferred after that to the LabPru interface, which with the help of a soft is transferred on PC to be interrelated. Determinations were made in five moment within the different vegetation phases: at 20 days from springing (control variant), before flowering, at flowering, at 10 days after flowering and at 20 days after flowering. There were used for each specie and vegetation phases a number of 5 plants, randomized and the experimental results were statistic interrelated with the help of the variant analyze. At Salvia officinalis L, the photosynthetic rate has low values in the first phases of vegetation (14,25 µmol CO2/m²/s), followed by a progressive growing which reaches a maximum of 16,64 µmol CO2/m²/s in the period of flowering. At 20 days after flowering, the rate of photosynthesis decreases at 14,22 µmol CO2/m²/s. At Thymus vulgaris L, it is registered 14,20 µmol CO2/m²/s at 20 days from springing, 15,12 µmol CO2/m²/s during the flowering period (the maximum of photosynthesis) and 14,17 µmol CO2/m²/s at 20 days after flowering. At Ocimum basilicum L., the rate of photosynthetic taken as control variant, is 14,23 µmol CO2/m²/s, followed by the progressive increase up to 16,13 µmol CO2/m²/s registered at flowering vegetation phase. This value overdue significant the rate of photosynthesis control. At 20 days after the reach of the maximum values registered, is noticed an average rate of photosynthesis of 14,19 µmol CO2/m²/s. The comparative analyze of the photosynthetic rate at studied species shows that the evolution during the determination period is similar; the maximum point of the photosynthetic rate is registered in the flowering phase. The maximum values of the photosynthetic rate differs depending on specie, being higher at Salvia officinalis, followed by Ocimum basilicum, the lowest values are registered at Thymus vulgaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vitamin content of cultivated mushrooms differs from one species to another, depending on their stage of development, the nutrient substrate used to produce them, and the microclimate in the culture space. Agaricus blazei Murrill is one of the most popular cultivated medicinal mushrooms, with scientifically proven therapeutic properties. Considering that the Agaricus spp. mushrooms culture substrate can be produced using various raw materials, in this paper we have studied the influence of the culture substrate using four types of substrate with different protein additions on the vitamin content of mushrooms. The food qualities of the Agaricus blazei Murrill mushrooms, evaluated by the chemical composition, generally revealed the product obtained on the classic compost, improved with the addition of proteinaceous of corn flour. Mushrooms harvested on this substrate have the highest levels of B 1 (1151 μg 100g -1 dm), B 9 (671 μg 100g -1 dm), B 12 (906 μg 100g -1 dm), PP (55.33 μg 100g -1 dm), and C vitamins (21.67 μg 100g -1 dm). The content of ergosterol, as a precursor of D 2 vitamin, has higher values ​​in the product obtained on the classic compost, with the addition of wheat bran (90.17 mg 100g -1 dm) and the addition of corn flour (94 mg 100g -1 dm)., Competing Interests: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”