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Patients with haemophilia who are not adequately treated experience a lifetime burden of joint complications and loss of functional ability due to repeated bleeding episodes caused by low levels of clotting factor VIII or IX in the blood. These complications can significantly impact day-to-day life, including active participation in school and academic study in children with haemophilia (CwH). Treatment with factor replacement therapy can help to prevent this, but access to factor has been challenging in low-resource settings such as Northeast India. This study shows the impact of factor replacement therapy on bleeding episodes, joint complications and school absence among CwH in this setting.

Computational neuromodeling methods for evaluating representational dynamics involve intricate analysis choices at every stage of the analysis pipeline. Analysis choices for data processing pipelines are generally chosen based upon end to end accuracy metrics and corresponding performance metrics. Psychology research has recently begun to acknowledge the importance of controlling for potential bias introduced by degrees of freedom in data analysis, with specification curve analysis introduced as a principled method for correcting for such biases. In this paper, we conduct a specification curve analysis (SCA) for representational similarity analysis pipelines reported in the literature for fMRI and EEG datasets, respectively. We show that EEG-based RSA analyses are relatively robust to alternative specifications but that fMRI based analyses are not. Using a novel decision-tree analysis to supplement SCA, we present a potentially more robust pipeline for such analyses.

Abstract This study explored the nuanced perceptions of teacher involvement among adolescents and teachers, shedding light on its distinct impacts on adolescents' behavior and emotional well-being—a relatively under-explored area in the Indian educational landscape. It aims to unravel how differing perceptions of teacher involvement from both parties influence adolescents' behavior and emotional problems. Employing a mixed-methods approach across two studies, involving the same group of participants, the research utilized the Adolescents’ Behavioral and Emotional Problems Scale (ABEP) and Teachers Involvement and its Impact Scale (TI) for quantitative analysis, alongside semi-structured interviews with adolescents, teachers, and parents for qualitative insights. Results reveal that while teacher involvement perceived by adolescents significantly affects their behavior and emotional well-being, teachers' assessment of their involvement lacks significant impact. Themes from interviews underscore the pivotal role of teacher behavior, including public critique and preferential treatment, in influencing students' emotional wellness and academic engagement. Additionally, the study underscores the significance of teacher performance evaluation and job security concerns in shaping positive teacher-student dynamics, particularly for academically challenged students, whose difficulties may strain interactions further. The findings stress the importance for educators in Assam to prioritize fostering supportive relationships with students, actively listening to their perspectives, and addressing their individual needs for a conducive learning environment.

Applications of graph mining have proliferated across the research spectrum in recent years. Mining data to retrieve information is a big deal as data are unstructured and huge in size, volume and in different data-types as internet is available to everyone and anywhere. Therefore data is so rapidly increased and for that point this mining concept came. In graph mining, analysis of graph base data is considered. In different research fields use graph base mining as it give quick and efficient result of large datasets. Here we consider biological data which are very complex to describe and analyse to extract useful information, so now researchers use computational tools to mine the large datasets, graphs are the most efficiently used. We consider amino acid network to do graph mining and extract some useful patterns from the network. Amino Acid Networks (AANs) are undirected graphs where amino acids are act like vertices and their relationships connect two vertices in protein structures. Every amino acid exhibits different physico-chemical properties. The shift in R groups affects various characteristics of the amino acids. The shift in R groups affects the various characteristics of the amino acids. In this paper we have construct a graph of amino acids based on property similarity and discussed different measures of centrality. We have also investigated the correlation coefficients between different measures of centrality.

Introduction: Anaemia is a significant global health concern, particularly among pregnant women. This condition, primarily caused by Iron Deficiency (ID), poses risks to both maternal and foetal health. However, interpreting iron status through biochemical tests faces challenges. While serum ferritin concentration is a specific indicator of ID, its accuracy can be compromised by factors like inflammation. Serum Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR) has shown promise in accurately diagnosing anaemia, especially in pregnant women, as it remains unaffected by pregnancy-related changes. Nonetheless, studies on its efficiency have yielded mixed results. Aim: To study the prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) among pregnant women and also to evaluate the accuracy of sTfR levels and the sTfR/Log Ferritin Index as diagnostic markers in predicting IDA among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, Meghalaya, India, between April 2021 and November 2022. A total of 92 pregnant women in their first trimester were included in the study. An automated clinical chemistry analyser measured serum iron and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP). Serum ferritin and sTfR levels were assessed via chemiluminescence assay. Sensitivity and specificity of sTfR levels and the sTfR/Log Ferritin Index in predicting IDA were determined utilising the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Most participants, 38 individuals (41.3%), were aged 20 to 25 years. The prevalence of anaemia was observed in eight individuals, comprising 8.7%, with sTfR proving highly sensitive (87.5%) and specific (75%) for IDA at 25.24 nmol/L. Both sTfR (r=-0.360) and sTfR-ferritin Index (r=-0.344) had significant negative correlations with Haemoglobin (Hb) (p-value

Abstract Background Despite significant changes in healthcare, work practices, and leisure activity, the proposed precipitating factors for abdominal wall hernias have remained largely unchanged for almost two centuries. We aimed to investigate if there have been shifts in these factors over time by examining patients’ perception of precipitating factors for abdominal wall hernia development. This study was conducted in the Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland Department of Surgery, Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, Dublin, where patients with abdominal wall hernias completed a questionnaire . Results A total of 277 patients (mean age 55.7; 85.6% male) with abdominal wall hernia completed the questionnaire (66.1% inguinal; 10.8% umbilical; 6.9% paraumbilical; 10.5% epigastric; 3.2% incisional; 1.4% femoral, and 1.1% port-site). One hundred and twenty patients (43.3%) believed their hernia was due to lifting, 71 (25.6%) cited gym activity and 17 (6.1%) cited other sporting activities as the precipitating factor. Traditional factors – chronic cough and constipation - were cumulatively cited only by 11 patients (4.0%), while prostatic obstruction was not cited by any. Conclusion This study suggests that fitness pursuits may be an increasing contributor to the development of abdominal wall hernia. Greater attention should be paid to the proper use of gym equipment to minimise the risk of hernia development.

Abstract We describe six new species of Cyrtodactylus from the khasiensis group using morphological characteristics, supported by the molecular analyses based on the mitochondrial ND2 gene. We used four different molecular species delimitation analyses that recovered six distinct undescribed lineages distributed across four states in northeastern India. Our phylogenetic analyses using ML and Bayesian approaches recovered a clade where the recently described C. arunachalensis and C. cayuensis align together with our other samples from Arunachal Pradesh, north of Brahmaputra River. Based on these results and overlapping morphological characteristics we synonymize C. arunachalensis with C. cayuensis. We provide updated comparative morphological characters for species in the khasiensis group and where available these characters are tabulated for males and females separately. Including the six new species the khasiensis group now contains 35 species, of which 26 are endemic to India.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is an acute/chronic variation in the normal menstrual cycle that affects adolescents, women of reproductive age and perimenopausal women. AUB affects approximately 3–30% of reproductive-aged women worldwide, and reduces their quality of life and productivity whilst increasing the overall healthcare burden. Its management requires thorough medical evaluation and individualized treatment. Depending on the severity and cause of AUB, its treatment ranges from lifestyle modifications and hormonal therapies to more invasive procedures or surgery. Although hormonal therapy is the preferred first-line measure in AUB, the available pharmacological options have various adverse effects. There exists a need for safer and more efficient treatment regimens with high patient compliance to effectively treat AUB. Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone, is a widely used synthetic analogue of progestogen. Controlled release formulations of norethisterone/norethisterone acetate help maintain constant drug levels in the blood and exert minimal side-effects; therefore, they are promising therapeutic agents for effective AUB management. The present review summarizes the epidemiology and diagnosis of AUB, with a focus on the safety, efficacy and tolerability of norethisterone/norethisterone acetate in AUB management. We also report a case of AUB in a 40-year-old woman, who was treated with NETA tablets. The treatment resulted in favourable outcomes, and patient satisfaction.

Explorations were made to enumerate and document desmid diversity of the Naga thrust abounding crude oil contaminated waterbodies of Southeast Asia. A total of 111 desmid species were recorded belonging to 11 genera under 2 families. Among these, 25 desmid taxa were reported new to Indian flora whose detailed taxonomic account was given. Also, 69 desmid taxa were reported for the first time from the Naga thrust province. Cosmarium was the dominant genus amongst them with 32 species whereas Micrasterias (2 species) and Hyalotheca (2 species) showed least number of species representation.

In normative multilingual ESL/EFL contexts like India, non-dominant cultural and ethnic representations are absent or superficially represented in English textbooks. For learners from linguistically disadvantaged groups, English has to be negotiated through an unfamiliar dominant language. In this article, I argue that appropriate inclusivity self-checks at the predevelopment stage of materials preparation can contribute effectively to the development of culturally responsive English language teaching materials. Using the Steinhardt NYU Metro Center's Culturally Responsive Curriculum Scorecard and the Fairness, Bias, and Cultural-Responsiveness Checklist of the Centre for Collaborative Education, Indiana University, I examine whether, and to what extent, a set of state-mandated English textbooks reflect culturally responsive and inclusive pedagogy as a response to the English language needs of multilingual, multicultural learners in India. The study shows that by using appropriate self-check rubrics, textbook developers can identify sites of diversity-blindness or lack of cultural responsiveness, and design materials with inclusive cultural representations.

Fluorescence microscopy is an important tool for cell biology and cancer research. Present-day approach of implementing advanced optical microscopy methods combined with immunofluorescence labelling of specific proteins in cells is now able to deliver optical super-resolution up to ∼25 nm. Here we perform super-resolved imaging using standard immunostaining protocol combined with easy stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (easySTORM) to observe structural differences of two cytoskeleton elements, actin and tubulin in three different cell types namely human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), human glioblastoma (U87MG) and breast cancer (MDAMB-231) cells. The average width of the actin bundle obtained from STORM images of stem cells is observed to be larger than the same for U87MG and MDAMB-231 cells. No significant difference is however noticed in the width of the tubulin within the same cells. We also study the functional effect on the 2D migration potential of MDAMB-231 cells silenced for NICD1 and β-catenin. Although similar migration speed is observed for cells with the above two conditions compared to their control cells, easySTORM images show that widths of the actin in MDAMB-231 cells in β-catenin silenced is significantly lower than the same in control cells. Such minute differences however are not observable in widefield images. The outcome of our easySTORM investigation should benefit the researchers carrying out detailed investigations of the cellular structure and potential therapeutic applications.

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted during the peak of COVID-19 disease with the objective to find the association of serum ferritin and COVID-19 disease severity, to evaluate the utility of serum ferritin as a prognostic marker in COVID-19, and to determine a cutoff value for serum ferritin as a prognostic marker for COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by the department of biochemistry, in collaboration with the department of medicine in a tertiary care center among 103 patients who were admitted with COVID-19 infection after fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Patients were grouped according to the disease severity and also on the outcome during hospitalization. Results: The serum ferritin level was found to be significantly higher in the severe and critical groups when compared to the mild and moderate groups. However, the difference was not significant between mild and moderate and also between severe and critical groups. The serum ferritin level was also significantly higher in those who did not survive when compared to those who survived. A cutoff value of 635.25 ng/ml was found to have 76% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity to identify patients with severe COVID-19 disease. A cutoff value of 760.65 ng/ml was able to predict mortality with 73.3% sensitivity and 84.1% specificity. Conclusion: Estimating serum ferritin levels in all COVID-19 patients can be beneficial in predicting the progress of the disease and hence aid in the selection of appropriate management.

Background Patients who undergo spine surgery often experience severe pain postoperatively. Multimodal analgesia inclusive of a regional block provides optimal pain relief. Thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block may provide promising analgesia in these patients.

A novel and efficient approach for a tandem oxidative synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-one from 2-aminobenzonitrile and benzyl alcohol has been unveiled via Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. Herein CuSO4.5H2O accompanied by egg shell powder is used for the easy preparation of Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. The reported method portrays a wide range of substrate scope with good to excellent yield and the given reaction proceed at room temperature within 12 h. Single crystal of one of the synthesized quinazolin-4(3H)-ones was analysed through single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Some of the compounds reported here are also known to possess various pharmaceutical activities. Eventually the newly prepared catalyst was applied for propargylamine synthesis via a multi component reaction. Perceiving all the advantages, present protocol is conceivably considered as clean, cost-effective and sustainable over reported procedures used for synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and propargyl amines.

Talinum triangulare (water leaf) is an important herbaceous vegetable with medicinal importance. It has been used in traditional medicine for the management of diabetes, cancer, stroke, obesity, and measles. Popularly considered a weed, it is an unconventional food plant (UFP) with many nutritional and socio-economic potentials that needs to be rescued for invasive farming. The plant is a reservoir of various phytoconstituents belonging to flavonoids and lignans, alkaloids, and benzoic acid derivatives, which are known for their wide range of pharmacological effects. There is tremendous therapeutic potential in this cosmopolitan leafy vegetable plant, which has antidiabetic, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, and anticancer activity, along with a plethora of other pharmacological activities. This article reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology aspects of this underutilized food plant based on an extensive literature search which was available from 1976 to 2024 using a variety of electronic search engines. A network pharmacology-based approach was used for validation of the traditional claims as well as for exploring its therapeutic potential against diabetes for future research directions. This review intends to sensitize the scientific community to further research on this promising plant to bring it to commercial utilization as well as broaden the scope of this underutilized food plant.

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent global musculoskeletal disorder, and knee OA (KOA) accounts for four-fifths of the cases worldwide. It is a degenerative disorder that greatly affects the quality of life. Thus, it is managed through different methods, such as weight loss, physical therapy, and knee arthroplasty. Physical therapy aims to strengthen the knee periarticular muscles to improve joint stability.MethodsPedobarographic data and pelvis and trunk motion of 56 adults are recorded. Among them, 28 subjects were healthy, and 28 subjects were suffering from varying degrees of KOA. Age, sex, BMI, and the recorded variables are used together to identify subjects with KOA using machine learning (ML) models, namely, logistic regression, SVM, decision tree, and random forest. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals are also recorded bilaterally from two muscles, the rectus femoris and biceps femoris caput longus, bilaterally during various activities for two healthy and six KOA subjects. Cluster analysis is then performed using the principal components obtained from time-series features, frequency features, and time–frequency features.ResultsKOA is successfully identified using the pedobarographic data and the pelvis and trunk motion with the highest accuracy and sensitivity of 89.3% and 85.7%, respectively, using a decision tree classifier. In addition, sEMG data have been successfully used to cluster healthy subjects from KOA subjects, with wavelet analysis features providing the best performance for the standing activity under different conditions.ConclusionKOA is detected using gait variables not directly related to the knee, such as pedobarographic measurements and pelvis and trunk motion captured by pedobarography mats and wearable sensors, respectively. KOA subjects are also distinguished from healthy individuals through clustering analysis using sEMG data from knee periarticular muscles during walking and standing. Gait data and sEMG complement each other, aiding in KOA identification and rehabilitation monitoring. It is important because wearable sensors simplify data collection, require minimal sample preparation, and offer a non-radiographic, safe method suitable for both laboratory and real-world scenarios. The decision tree classifier, trained with stratified k-fold cross validation (SKCV) data, is observed to be the best for KOA identification using gait data.

This article reports a detailed theoretical investigation on dual fluorescence properties of p-amino substituted benzaldehyde molecules by taking specifically p-N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (3° PABA), p-N-methylaminobenzaldehyde (2° PABA), and p-aminobenzaldehyde (1° PABA) molecules. The calculations are performed in gas phase as well as in butanol (BuOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) solvents. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer emission property is particularly looked at by scanning the potential energy curves as a function of -NR2 (R = H/CH3) rotation (twisting) angle. The results suggest that there are dual emission possibilities for 3° and 2° PABA molecules. Experimental validation is available for the former but not for the latter. 1° PABA, on the other hand, does not show any possibility of dual fluorescence except in BuOH. The theoretical absorption and emission spectra are also calculated and compared with experiment where it is available, and they are in close correlation. Excited state molecular dynamics simulations show that for 3° PABA, the molecule reaches to the 90° twisting angle and stays there with a probability higher than the same probability for 2° PABA. 1° PABA, on the other hand, had showed variations in the twisting angle from 0° to above 100°, but no evidence of this molecule to have considerable lifetime at 90° twisting angle.

The present study was carried out during winter (rabi) and rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam to address the significance of maintaining post-harvest seed quality and its management throughout the nation, and to promote the knowledge and create awareness among the farming communities and pulse growers at the national level in terms of the area with high rainfall and high relative humidity. The greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] variety (SGC-16) seeds were stored in 4 different types of packaging materials, viz. jute bag, polylined jute bags; HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) interwoven bags; and 700-gauze polythene bags and treated with treatment combination of emamectin benzoate (40 mg/kg) (chemical based); 5 ml/kg neem oil (plant based); 3 g/kg black pepper (recommended practise for the state); and 3 g/kg silica gel (desiccants). With an increase in storage time, a gradual decline in seed quality parameters such as viability, germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, Seed vigour index-I, Seed vigour index-II, germination index value, field emergence, and chlorophyll content was observed. Variations for biochemical indicators of seed quality were also recorded. The seed germination above Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standard (IMSCS) level was maintained by all treatments up to 120 days of storage. However, emamectin benzoate (40 mg/kg) along with 3 g/kg of silica gel in HDPE interwoven bags found to be best in keeping seed quality standards with lowest lipid peroxidation activity (0.36 g/gm) and highest in seeds stored in jute bag (0.68 g/gm).

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a novel and emerging nanotechnology that explores the potential of using quantum dots as information carriers in computing devices. The information transfer, as well as timing synchronization of the QCA circuit, is controlled by clocks. Despite this, most of the work done in QCA does not consider the proper layout of the underlying clocking circuit required. Hence, it ends up with QCA circuits with irregular clock zones, which is not suitable for fabrication. However, for efficient design and to provide proper routing options within the clock zones, a regular, scalable clocking scheme is needed. Without a well-defined and regular clocking zone, the QCA circuit designs are incomplete and not a standard fabrication candidate. In this regard, several regular clocking schemes in QCA are discussed in the literature. In this survey, a systematic review of those clocking schemes will be investigated. A detailed comparison of these schemes is also discussed based on design architecture and fabrication point of view.

Utilization of organic phosphates and insoluble phosphates for the gradual generation of plant-available phosphorus (P) is the only sustainable solution for P fertilization. Enzymatic conversions are one of the best sustainable routes for releasing P to soil. Phosphatase enzyme aids in solubilizing organic and insoluble phosphates to plant-available P. We herein report the preparation of highly functional chitosan beads co-immobilized with acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes via a glutaraldehyde linkage. The dual enzyme co-immobilized chitosan beads were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses to confirm the immobilization. The co-immobilized system was found to be active for a broader pH range of ∼4–10 than the individually bound enzymes and mixed soluble enzymes. The bound matrix exhibited pH optima at 6 and 9, respectively, for acid and alkaline phosphatase and a temperature optimum at 50°C. The phosphate-solubilizing abilities of the chitosan-enzyme derivatives were examined using insoluble tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) for wide pH conditions of 5.5, 7, and 8.5 up to 25 days. The liberation of phosphate was highest (27.20 mg/mL) at pH 5.5 after the defined period. The residual soil phosphatase activity was also monitored after 7 days of incubation with CBE for three different soils of pH ∼5.5, 7, and 8.5. The residual phosphatase activity increased for all the soils after applying the CBE. The germination index of the Oryza sativa (rice) plant was studied using different pH buffer media upon the application of the CBE in the presence of tri-calcium phosphate as a phosphate source. Overall, the dual-enzyme co-immobilized chitosan beads were highly effective over a wide pH range for generating plant-available phosphates from insoluble phosphates. The chitosan-enzyme derivative holds the potential to be used for sustainable phosphorus fertilization with different insoluble and organic phosphorus sources.

Abstract In the realm of high-performance sports, athletes often prioritize success at the expense of their well-being. Consequently, sports psychology researchers are now focusing on creating psychological profiles for athletes that can forecast their performance while safeguarding their overall well-being. A recent development in this field is the concept of athletic mental energy (AME), which has been associated with both sporting success and positive emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore if AME in athletes can mediate this directly observed relationship between performance and psychological well-being. For stronger predictive validity these relationships were examined across two studies with each involving distinct sets of participants engaged in various sports disciplines, including football, cricket, basketball, archery, and more. The self-report measures of sports performance, athletic mental energy (AME), and psychological well-being (PWB) were administered post-competition on the local, regional, state, national, international, and professional level athletes of age 18 and above. Our study found that both, the affective and cognitive components of AME mediated the athletes’ performance and psychological well–being relationship. Interestingly, the study found no significant gender differences in AME and PWB scores. While family structures didn’t yield significant variations in AME scores, there were some descriptive distinctions in PWB scores across different family structures. Our research offers preliminary evidence suggesting that AME can play a pivotal role in preserving athletes’ psychological well-being following competitive events.

Introduction: Acute poisoning in children is an important public health problem. It is a significant paediatric emergency in both developing and developed countries, leading to preventable morbidity and mortality. While there is substantial research literature on acute childhood poisoning from developed countries, there is a lack of data from developing countries like India due to inadequate and poor surveillance of poisoning-related data. Aim: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological profile, as well as the outcome, of acute poisoning in children admitted to the paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Paediatrics department of Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, from April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022. All children under the age of 12 years who presented to the paediatric department with a history of exposure to toxic substances were included in the study. The admitted children were assessed in terms of demographic variables, type of poison, route of poisoning, time of presentation, circumstances of poisoning, storage place of poison, clinical presentation, and interventions provided. Data were presented as mean and frequency. Results: A total of 78 children under 12 years of age were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of three years and three months at presentation. The majority of cases (96.2%) involved accidental poisoning, while a small proportion (3.8%) was due to suicidal poisoning. Of the two reported cases of suicidal poisoning, one involved a male child and the other involved a female child. Both children were above six years of age. The most common causes of poisoning were kerosene (34.6%), organophosphorus compounds (10.3%), and liquid mosquito repellents (9.1%). Conclusion: This study revealed both unintentional and intentional poisoning cases, with a high prevalence of accidental poisoning observed in children below three years of age. Kerosene was identified as the most common cause of childhood poisoning.