Search

La confrontation des données issues de la fouille d’un segment de la voie de grand parcours Orléans-Paris à Massy (Essonne) à celle des opérations archéologiques environnantes a révélé la présence d’un carrefour de dessertes locales qui aurait fonctionné de la période gauloise à la période gallo-romaine. Des travaux d’arpentage menés à partir de l’axe de la voie pourraient avoir contribué à redéfinir les limites d’un établissement antique situé à 100 doubles pas plus à l’est. Data comparison from the excavation of a segment of the Orléans-Paris trunk road at Massy (Essonne) with that from the surrounding archaeological operations revealed the presence of a local network crossroads that would have functioned from the Gallic to the Gallo-Roman period. Survey work carried out on the road axis may have helped to redefine the boundaries of an ancient settlement located 100 double steps to the east. El cotejo de los datos recabados en la localidad de Massy (departamento de Essonne) durante la excavación de un segmento de la vía de Gran Recorrido Orleans-París con aquellos provenientes de las operaciones arqueológicas circundantes, dejó al descubierto una encrucijada de caminos locales que habría funcionado desde el período galo hasta el período galorromano. Obras de agrimensura llevadas a cabo a partir del eje de la vía parecen haber contribuido a redefinir los límites de una edificación antigua, situada a cien doble pasos más al este.

Additional file 3: Flanking 50-bp sequences for the top associated SNPs in LG12_QTL_2. Genomic sequences flanking the IFI6/IFI27-like and ZDHHC14 SNPs computed from Dicentrarchus labrax genome (seabass_V1.0).

Additional file 1: Figure S1. PCA on genotypes of commercial populations (pop A and pop B) and wild populations in the Atlantic (Atl) and Eastern Mediterranean (East-Med). Principal component analysis (PCA) using genotypic data from two commercial populations and two wild populations, one from the Atlantic strain (Atl) and the other from the West Mediterranean strain (East-Med).

Additional file 1. Estimates of Ne (logarithmic scale) across the last 100 generations for each population analysed. Straight lines represent estimates obtained using data from parents and dashed lines represent estimates obtained using data from offspring.

Additional file 2. Estimates of Ne (logarithmic scale) obtained with the LD method of Hayes et al. [5] across the last 100 generations for each population analysed.

Additional file 3. Estimates of Ne (logarithmic scale) obtained by computer simulations with the LD methods of Hayes et al. [5] and Santiago et al. [6], using the software SLiM3 [48].

Connues sous le nom de Schlitzgruben par les archéologues néolithiciens allemands, les « fosses à profil en Y-V-W » - selon l’appellation champenoise - ont vu leur nombre se multiplier récemment grâce aux décapages de grande envergure menés dans le cadre d’opérations d’archéologie préventive, notamment dans le nord de la France. C’est pour faire le point sur cette question encore très neuve et éclairer les problèmes que posent ces structures qu’a été organisée la table ronde internationale « Chasse, culte ou artisanat ? Les fosses ‘ à profil en Y-V-W ’ : structures énigmatiques et récurrentes du Néolithique aux âges des Métaux en France et alentour » qui s’est tenue à Châlons-en-Champagne en novembre 2010. Les Actes qui constituent le contenu de cet ouvrage rassemblent dix-sept contributions concernant principalement le nord de la France, mais également la Belgique, l’Allemagne, la Norvège et le Japon - illustrant l’universalité de cette question -, ainsi que les discussions qui les ont suivies. La diversité des approches, tant sur le plan géographique que chronologique, la variété des situations exposées, le recours à l’ethno-archéologie, la prise en compte de datations radiocarbone enrichissent sérieusement le débat et provoquent un intérêt nouveau pour cette problématique. Il est maintenant clair qu’une organisation spatiale commence à être perçue et que ces fosses ne sont pas le fruit du hasard. Leur typologie et leur datation se précisent, les principales phases d’utilisation se situant du Néolithique à l’Âge du Fer. Cet ouvrage constitue une base indispensable pour le développement de nouvelles études que cette question va sans aucun doute susciter. Known as Schlitzgruben by German archaeologists of the Neolithic, the number of Y, V or W-shaped pits has increased recently as a result of far-reaching rescue archaeology operations, particularly in northern France. It was to elucidate the current position regarding this very new topic, and to discuss the issues that these structures raise, that an international round table was organised : « Chasse, culte ou artisanat ? Les fosses ‘à profil en Y-V-W’ : structures énigmatiques et récurrentes du Néolithique aux âges des Métaux en France et alentour », which was held in Châlons-en-Champagne in November 2010. The proceedings of the round table, published here, consist in seventeen contributions that refer primarily to northern France - but also Belgium, Germany, Norway and Japan, thus illustrating the universal nature of the question - and the subsequent discussions. The debate has been seriously broadened by the diversity of geographic and chronological approaches undertaken, the recourse to ethno-archaeology, and the use of carbon dating, thus stimulating further interest. A spatial organisation is beginning to become apparent, confirming that these pits are not the result of chance. Their typology and dating are becoming clearer, with the principal phases of use spanning the period from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. This volume provides an indispensable basis for the development of new studies, which this subject will undoubtedly prompt. Die Anzahl der bei den deutschen Prähistorikern als Schlitzgruben und in der Champagne fosses „à profil en Y-V-W“ bezeichneten Grubenstrukturen ist in der letzten Zeit dank der groß angelegten Grabungen im Rahmen der Präventivarchäologie, insbesondere in Nordfrankreich stark angestiegen. Um sich einen Überblick über diese erst seit kurzem behandelte Problematik zu verschaffen und die Fragen zu beantworten, die diese Strukturen aufwerfen, wurde im November 2010 in Châlons-en-Champagne die internationale Gesprächsrunde « Chasse, culte ou artisanat ? Les fosses ‘à profil en Y-V-W’ : structures énigmatiques et récurrentes du Néolithique aux âges des Métaux en France et alentour » organisiert. Die hier vorgestellten Akten umfassen siebzehn Beiträge - hauptsächlich aus Nordfrankreich, aber auch aus Belgien, Deutschland, Norwegen, und Japan sowie die anschließenden Diskussionen. Sie veranschaulichen die weltweite Bedeutung dieser Problematik. Die Vielseitigkeit der Ansätze, sowohl in geographischer als auch in chronologischer Hinsicht, die Vielseitigkeit der dargestellten Situationen, die Berufung auf die Ethnoarchäologie sowie die Berücksichtigung von Radiokarbondatierungen bereichern die Debatte wesentlich und erregen neues Interesse für dieses Thema. Es nun offensichtlich, dass eine räumliche Organisation erkennbar ist und dass diese Gruben nicht dem Zufall zuzuschreiben sind. Ihre Typologie und ihre Datierung zeichnen sich ab, wobei die Hauptnutzungsphasen vom Neolithikum bis zur Eisenzeit reichen. Diese Arbeit ist eine unentbehrliche Arbeitsgrundlage für die Entwicklung zukünftiger Studien zu diesem Thema.

1. Contexte des découvertes Dans le cadre de l’extension de la Zone d’Activité de la Butte-au-Berger à Chilly-Mazarin, une campagne de fouille a été menée en 2009 sur une surface d’environ 600 m2. La fenêtre d’étude appartient au versant sud-ouest du plateau de Longboyau dont le substrat est marqué par un lambeau résiduel de sables du Stampien supérieur recouvert par un manteau lœssique d’environ 1 m d’épaisseur (fig. 1). Les travaux ont dévoilé une batterie de silos comprenant 51 individus r...

Background: European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is one of the most important species for European aquaculture. Viral nervous necrosis (VNN), commonly caused by the redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), can result in high levels of morbidity and mortality, mainly during the larval and juvenile stages of cultured sea bass. In the absence of efficient therapeutic treatments, selective breeding for host resistance offers a promising strategy to control this disease. Our study aimed at investigating genetic resistance to VNN and genomic-based approaches to improve disease resistance by selective breeding. A population of 1538 sea bass juveniles from a factorial cross between 48 sires and 17 dams was challenged with RGNNV with mortalities and survivors being recorded and sampled for genotyping by the RAD sequencing approach. Results: We used genome-wide genotype data from 9195 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for downstream analysis. Estimates of heritability of survival on the underlying scale for the pedigree and genomic relationship matrices were 0.27 (HPD interval 95%: 0.14-0.40) and 0.43 (0.29-0.57), respectively. Classical genome-wide association analysis detected genome-wide significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to VNN on chromosomes (unassigned scaffolds in the case of 'chromosome' 25) 3, 20 and 25 (P < 1e06). Weighted genomic best linear unbiased predictor provided additional support for the QTL on chromosome 3 and suggested that it explained 4% of the additive genetic variation. Genomic prediction approaches were tested to investigate the potential of using genome-wide SNP data to estimate breeding values for resistance to VNN and showed that genomic prediction resulted in a 13% increase in successful classification of resistant and susceptible animals compared to pedigree-based methods, with Bayes A and Bayes B giving the highest predictive ability. Conclusions: Genome-wide significant QTL were identified but each with relatively small effects on the trait. Tests of genomic prediction suggested that incorporating genome-wide SNP data is likely to result in higher accuracy of estimated breeding values for resistance to VNN. RAD sequencing is an effective method for generating such genomewide SNPs, and our findings highlight the potential of genomic selection to breed farmed European sea bass with improved resistance to VNN.

8 Pág. Departamento de ​Mejora Genética Animal (INIA), This work was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (KBBE.2013.1.2-659 10 under Grant Agreement No. 613611 FISHBOOST project), the European Commission Horizon 2020 (H2020) Framework Programme through grant agreement no 727315 MedAID project (Mediterranean Aquaculture Integrated Development), by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2016-75904-C2), MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2020-114426GB-C22 and PID2020-114426GB-C2), Xunta de Galicia (GRC, ED431C 2020-05) and Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022, and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund—ERDF), Fondos Feder “Unha maneira de facer Europa”. MK and MP were also supported by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic—project Biodiverzity (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007370). The Roslin Institute was partly funded by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Institute Strategic Programme grants (BBS/E/D/20241866, BBS/E/D/20002172 and BBS/E/D/20002174).

International audience; Bringing agility to hardware developments has been a long-running goal for hardware communities struggling with limitations of current hardware description languages such as (System)Verilog or VHDL. The numerous recent Hardware Construction Languages such as Chisel are providing enhanced ways to design complex hardware architectures with notable academic and industrial successes. While the latter environments are now mature and perfectly suited for brand new projects, migrating partially or entirely existing Verilog code-base proves to be a challenging and very time-consuming process. Successful migrations need to be able to leverage finely tuned existing hardware descriptions as a basis to build complex systems through simple iterations. This article introduces sv2chisel, an open-source automated (System)Verilog to Chisel translator as entry point for this iterative migration processes. Our tool achieved the proper translation, with on-par resource usage of a real-world production FPGA design at OVHcloud as well as two independent open-source Verilog projects: a MIPS core and the size-optimized 32-bit RISC-V core PicoRV32.