1. Food and nutrient intake in African American children and adolescents aged five to 16 years in Baltimore City
- Author
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Kolahdooz, Fariba, Butler, Jennie L., Christiansen, Karina, Diette, Gregory B., Breysse, Patrick N., Hansel, Nadia N., McCormack, Meredith C., Sheehy, Tony, Gittelsohn, Joel, and Sharma, Sangita
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Feeding Behavior ,Article ,Diet Records ,Diet ,Black or African American ,Child, Preschool ,Baltimore ,Humans ,Female ,Child ,Poverty ,Food Analysis - Abstract
This study aimed to describe food and nutrient intake for low-income, urban African American children and adolescents, to highlight the need for further nutrition intervention programs and appropriate tools to address overweight and obesity.This was a cross-sectional study using interviewer-administered single 24-hour dietary recalls. Participants were low-income African American boys and girls aged 5-16 years or their caregivers in Baltimore City. Frequency of food consumption and dietary intakes were analyzed by gender and age groups.Eighty-one participants were included for analysis. Mean daily energy intakes exceeded Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) from 10% to 71% across all gender-age groups: 2304 kcal for children aged 5-8 years; 2429 kcal and 2732 kcal for boys and girls aged 9-13 years, respectively; and 3339 kcal and 2846 kcal for boys and girls aged 14-16 years, respectively. The most frequently reported consumed foods were sweetened drinks, chips, candies, and milk across all age groups. The majority of participants (79-100%) did not meet the DRIs for dietary fiber and vitamin E across all gender-age groups. Milk accounted for 14%, 17%, and 21% of energy, fat, and protein intake, respectively, among children 5-8 years of age, while pizza was the top source of energy, fat, and protein (11%, 13%, and 18%, respectively) among 14-to 16-year-old adolescents. Sweetened drinks and sweetened juices were major sources of sugar, contributing 33% for 5-8 year olds, 29% for 9-13 year olds, and 35% for 14-16 year olds.Mean daily energy intake exceeded dietary recommendations across all gender-age groups. This study has provided previously unavailable information on diet and highlights foods to be targeted in nutrition intervention programs.
- Published
- 2015