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Background: Successful percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) relies on a technically challenging, precise needle puncture of the renal collecting system. We aimed to compare, in an ex vivo model, the use of a real time image guidance system (the SabreSource™) and a mechanical stabilising device with conventional manual techniques for the accuracy of needle placement. Methods: The SabreSource™ system (Minrad International Inc.; New York, USA) is a real time image guidance system. The system platform is mounted on a C-arm fluoroscope. It employs targeting cross hairs on the fluoroscopic image that can be easily positioned to target the desired renal calyx. The system directs a visible laser beam onto the patient which is precisely aligned with the cross hairs on the fluoroscopic image. This provides the correct “bull’s-eye” angle of approach to the calyx, even after the x-ray source is turned off. The locator then stabilises the needle in the “bull’s-eye” position so that only screening for depth is required. Objective assessment using a simulated PCNL puncture was performed by 7 urologic trainees on a kidney phantom with and without using the SabreSource™. Fluoroscopy screening time (FST) and amount of radiation (mGy) used to achieve successful puncture were compared. Results: Simulated PCNL puncture was quicker and resulted in reduced radiation exposure when the apparatus was used. The mean FST for traditional “bull’s-eye” vs SabreSource™ puncture was 17 vs 5 seconds (p = 0.01), and the mean radiation exposure to puncture was 0.7 vs 0.2 mGy (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusion: The SabreSource™ is a novel assistant to achieving successful PCNL puncture. In combination with “the locator” the preliminary in vitro testing suggests that the device reduces fluoroscopy exposure and is quicker. The device warrants further evaluation in the clinical setting.&nbsp

Ureteral triplication is an extremely rare congenital disorder of the urinary tract. A review of the literature has shown that only about 100 cases have been reported worldwide. We present a case of a 50-year-old female with a known complete ureteral duplication on the right side and incomplete ureteral triplication on the left side that presented with signs of sepsis accompanied by a tender left flank mass. A detailed evaluation including imaging studies and endoscopy revealed a middle moiety obstruction causing abscess formation in the collecting system. A connection between the mid and lower moieties was demonstrated through an upper calyx of the lower moiety. The abscess was drained, and the patient further underwent ureteral stents placement to both the mid and lower ureters. Following antimicrobial treatment and several weeks of maximal drainage, the connection between the moieties was obviated, with no further episodes of urinary tract infection documented in follow up.

Small stone fragments inevitably resulted from breakage of a large stone are almost impossible to be fully extracted from the collecting system in current RIRS settings. While most of these clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRFs) < 4 mm may pass spontaneously, increasing evidence suggests that these so called CIRFs may act as an origin for new stone formation and eventually lead to reintervention(1). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to achieve complete stone free status in the aim of improving patient's quality of life not only physically but also psychologically and economically(2).

The presence of salt water from the Tagus Estuary has been identified in the influent at Barreiro/Moita Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Portugal. The intrusion occurs throughout damaged sections and direct vectors in the wastewater collection system, during high tide levels, changing the wastewater characteristics and impacting the WWTP process. This study designed models to quantify this problem, enabling more effective countermeasures within the right timing. The proposed models estimate the average volume of salt water and sulfate () load for each high tide period. The laboratory results show strong correlations between the influent electrical conductivity (EC) and percentage of salt water in WWTP inflow (0.9909), and between EC and concentration in WWTP influent (0.9797). The forecast models also show good correlation between the high tide levels with volume of salt water (0.9145) and load (0.9162) entering the system. Considering the total monthly inflow, the highest percentage of salt water registered in WWTP inflow was 3.6%. During high tide periods, critical situations have been assessed with up to 53.9% of salt water in the WWTP inflow, increasing energy consumption and costs in pumping stations. HIGHLIGHTS Assessment methodology to quantify saltwater volume and sulfate load from saltwater intrusion in wastewater collection systems.; Saltwater intrusion impacts on WWTP process.; Forecast tools for WWTP management teams.

Mental health information systems in low-resource settings are scarce worldwide. Data collection was accurate, yet sustainable staffing was a challenge when using task-shared clinical providers for data collection in health centers in rural Haiti. Integrating mental health data collection within existing data collection systems would help close this key gap., Key Findings Balancing time for clinical duties with time for data collection was a key challenge when using task-shared health care workers to collect data.Feedback of data to users, ongoing supervision, and opportunities for rewards for high-performers may help increase provider buy-in for new data collection systems.Retaining paper forms alongside digital data collection systems or the inclusion of decision support tools directly within digital data collection systems may be needed to fully support health care worker learning in a task-shared mental health system. Key Implications Program managers should carefully consider sustainable staffing from the beginning when designing digital data collection projects.Program managers should consider how digital data collection systems can incorporate decision support tools to sustainably support ongoing learning of task-shared providers.Policy makers should integrate mental health data collection within other data systems to leverage infrastructure and resources for mental health., Introduction: Effective digital health management information systems (HMIS) support health data validity, which enables health care teams to make programmatic decisions and country-level decision making in support of international development targets. In 2015, mental health was included within the Sustainable Development Goals, yet there are few applications of HMIS of any type in the practice of mental health care in resource-limited settings. Zanmi Lasante (ZL), one of the largest providers of mental health care in Haiti, developed a digital data collection system for mental health across 11 public rural health facilities. Program Intervention: We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of the digital system for mental health data collection at ZL. To evaluate system reliability, we assessed the number of missing monthly reports. To evaluate data validity, we calculated concordance between the digital system and paper charts at 2 facilities. To evaluate the system's ability to inform decision making, we specified and then calculated 4 priority indicators. Results: The digital system was missing 5 of 143 monthly reports across all facilities and had 74.3% (55/74) and 98% (49/50) concordance with paper charts. It was possible to calculate all 4 indicators, which led to programmatic changes in 2 cases. In response to implementation challenges, it was necessary to use strategies to increase provider buy-in and ultimately to introduce dedicated data clerks to keep pace with data collection and protect time for clinical work. Lessons Learned: While demonstrating the potential of collecting mental health data digitally in a low-resource rural setting, we found that it was necessary to consider the ongoing roles of paper records alongside digital data collection. We also identified the challenge of balancing clinical and data collection responsibilities among a limited staff. Ongoing work is needed to develop truly sustainable and scalable models for mental health data collection in resource-limited settings.

V posledných rokoch boli opakovane publikovane udaje o tom, že vacsina chýb v procese ziskavania laboratorneho výsledku sa vyskytuje v predanalytickej faze (46 % až 68,2 %). Ide o oblasť, ktora je zvycajne mimo priamej kontroly laboratoria, najcastejsie zahŕňajuca odber venoznej krvi (flebotomiu). Odhalenie týchto chýb sa poklada za znacne obťažne, a preto možu ľahko viesť k nespravnej interpretacii laboratornych výsledkov s nasledným nepriaznivým dosahom na pacienta až jeho poskodeniu. K najucinnejsim sposobom ako im predisť patri dobra znalosť sucasných odporucani pre odber krvi, ktore boli nedavno (2018) revidovane Europskou federaciou pre klinicku chemiu a laboratornu medicinu (EFLM, European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine) a su ponuknute v tomto prehľade.

The purpose of this study was to find out and obtain data regarding the Mandatory Employee Contribution (IWP) billing system for participants managed by PT. TASPEN (Persero) Serang Branch Office, as well as providing information to the participants of the pension program and Old Age Savings (THT) how the process or flow goes through in collecting the Mandatory Employee Contribution (IWP) for these participants. The results of the study indicate that the Mandatory Employee Contribution (IWP) billing system for participants at PT. TASPEN (Persero) Serang Branch Office which has been created and implemented in the Company Operational Standards (SOP) has been explained in detail and has been implemented properly in accordance with the system created.

Background. Giant hydronephrosis is a rare urologic problem defined as a collection of more than one liter of urine in the collecting system. The radiologic appearance may mimic benign cystic disease of the kidney. We report a case of giant hydronephrosis in a 32-year-old female who presented with progressive abdominal swelling of two-year duration, caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction with more than nine liters of urine in the collecting system. Conclusion. Giant hydronephrosis is a rare differential diagnosis for cystic intra-abdominal mass in adults with progressively increasing abdominal swelling. CT and MRI are important in confirming the diagnosis by localizing the origin of the swelling. Management depends on the underlying cause and appearance of the diseased kidney.

Today, one of the most topical issues related to the quality and safety of life on Earth is the monitoring of air quality in terms of its pollution that is harmful to human health and life. The activities undertaken as part of monitoring carried out include, among others, analysis of the composition of exhaust fumes from emission sources, such as households and industrial entities, in terms of the presence therein of potentially hazardous substances, indirectly in order to detect violations of the applicable environmental standards. In order to conduct this type of analysis, unmanned aerial systems are commonly used, which allow sampling in the immediate vicinity of the emission source. However, the currently functioning solutions do not allow for exhaust fume sampling in a way that allows a mixture for testing to be taken directly from an emission source. This leads to questioning of the reliability of the conducted research, as it is uncertain in terms of the origin of the tested mixture, indicating that the test takes place not at the source of the emission, but in its surroundings. This study proposes a technical solution to sample exhaust fumes directly from the emission source - from the interior of chimney openings.

Modeling and prediction of H2S emission from wastewater are important since gaseous H2S will induce significant corrosion and odor problems. Most previous studies focused on H2S emission of wastewater in pipeline systems, which may not be fit for H2S emission in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study provided a two-phase mass transfer model for prediction of H2S emission concentrations. The model is based on the mass transfer rate equation of the mass transfer impetus, expressed by the concentration difference. The main parameters of the model are the mass transfer coefficient, the carrier gas flow rate and the concentration of H2S in liquid phase. The results showed that the model can simulate and predict H2S emission concentrations of various processes in WWTPs. Moreover, the model can analyze and predict the influences of different pH values, mass transfer coefficients and carrier gas flow rates on H2S emission concentrations and loads. Therefore, the model provides theoretical guidance for design of WWTPs regarding H2S emissions. Implications: Modeling and prediction of H2S emission from wastewater are quite important since gaseous H2S will induce significant corrosion and odor problems. Most of previous studies are focused on H2S emission from wastewater in pipeline system, which may not be fit for H2S emission in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Thus in this study, a model for predicting H2S emission from typical units of WWTPs is established and verified. Moreover, the influences of pH values, mass transfer coefficients and carrier gas flow rates on H2S emission are analyzed. The model can be a useful tool to predict the H2S concentration in odor gas collection system of WWTP and understand the behaviors of H2S emission under different WWTPs operating conditions.

The article presents the architecture and operation principles of the system for collecting and analyzing information from strain gauges. These systems are used to determine the equipment performance for transporting a variety of materials. In particular, they are used to control the movement of bulk materials mixtures components. For such technological processes, it is fundamentally important to ensure constant flows intensity. The paper identifies three variants of sensor connection schemes, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. It is established that the structure “one ADC – several sensors” allows to reduce equipment costs and at the same time to provide the minimum parameters influence of a transmission line on a useful sensor signal. The “one-to-one” scheme provides the connection of each sensor to its own ADC. “Circuit with multiplexer” allows to increase the number of sensors connected to one ADC. It is established that the best option in terms of reducing the interference effects on the analog signal and the cost of creating a system is the scheme “one ADC – several sensors”. The algorithm of information transfer from ADC to microcontroller (MC) is analysed. It is calculated that HX711 ADC chips provide the maximum data rate of 18.5 values/s. It is proposed to transfer data between the MC and the server using the TCP protocol because it avoids data loss and provides the necessary data transfer speed. The structure and formats of data that are transmitted from the mass sensor to the ADC, microcontroller, web server and database are proposed. The main speed, design parameters, advantages and disadvantages of wired and wireless data network between MK and the server are determined. Recommendations for the design of such a network depending on the characteristics of the premises in which the data collection system will be used have been developed.

Stray current corrosion damage is significant in DC traction power supply system (DTS). Stray current collection system including stray current collection network (SCCN) and stray current drainage device (SCDD) is designed to control the stray current. A comprehensive system integrated calculation model is established to evaluate the stray current. And the iterative power flow algorithm with simplification of DTS is proposed. The stray current distribution is calculated by multi sections rail reflux system model. The model is verified with CDEGS simulation. The influence of stray current collection system on stray current is evaluated. The result shows that the primary stray current is mainly affected by rail to SCCN resistance and the length of the line. The efficiency of collecting stray current of SCCN is mainly affected by the resistance of SCCN and the SCCN to earth resistance. While the use of SCDD deteriorates the efficiency of collecting stray current of SCCN. A site test was carried out in Chengdu Metro Line 1 to evaluate the effect of stray current collection system.

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether electronic revenue collection systems improves Municipal revenues. The study specifically aimed to determine the effective sources of revenues; to compare the revenue collection before and after the introduction of electronic revenues collection system; and to analyze the challenges encountered with the use of electronic revenue collection system. A descriptive research design was adopted in conducting the study. The study sample was 79 respondents whereby simple random sampling was employed. Data were collected using questionnaires to provide quantitative data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that the major sources of revenues to Municipal Council are Guest house/hotel levy, Land rent fees, Markets fees, Intoxicating liquor licenses, Abattoirs charges, Revenue from agricultural and forestry products and Meat inspection charges. The study finding revealed that electronic revenue collection system improves Municipal revenue collection in the financial year 2015/2016 compare to that of 2014/2015 revenues. The major challenges encountered the e-payment is access to internet and lack of civic education to revenues payers on the use of online payments. The study concludes that online revenue collection system gives accurate revenue computations to a very great extent and the revenue payers is satisfied with the electronic revenues collection service which assured no queuew is experienced on revenue due dates. The study recommends to the Municipal officials that it‘s high time for Moshi Municipal Council to put much efforts to encourage revenue payers to adopt electronic revenue collection system as the findings shows it has reduced queuing and increased revenue. Also civic education should be provided to other revenue payers who did not registered in order to be aware and help the Municipal to improve their revenues collection status.

This paper quantifies the impacts of collecting system on social insurance contribution compliance, taking advantage of a reform around 2000 in China. Using firm-level data, we find that the actual contribution rate and the probability of participation were raised by 3% and 5 percentage points respectively, after changing the collection department from social security department to local tax department. Mechanism analyses show that the effect is larger in areas where the tax collection capacity is stronger and the reform had no significant effects on SOEs.

The air curtain system can collect the dust particles from hard-to-seal sources, which proves to be a feasible method for satisfying the increasing dust prevention requirements in China. In this study, aiming at addressing the dust escape problem at the tobacco stem loading point in a tobacco factory, a rotational flow air curtain dust-collecting system with a size of 2m x 2m x 2m was used for dust collection. The dust-collecting characteristics using the original dust suction hood and the developed air curtain dust-collecting system were analyzed and compared. Results show that the external dust concentration when the original dust suction hood operated was as high as 83.65 mg/m3, with a dust-collecting efficiency of only 16.35 %, suggesting serious dust escape; after the use of the developed air curtain dust-collecting system, the dust-collecting efficiency reached up to 86.93∼94.76 % under the same operating conditions. By studying the influence of two factors, air curtain jet velocity and exhaust-to-pressure ratio, on the dust collection efficiency of the air curtain system, at an exhaust-to-pressure ratio of 0.8 and an air curtain jet velocity of 13.5 m/s, the corresponding dust-collecting efficiency reached a maximum of 94.76 %. The present test results confirmed a better application effect of the developed air curtain dust-collecting system than the original dust-collecting system at the industrial loading point. Using the developed air curtain dust-collecting system is mainly aimed at the dust source, reduce the dust in the workshop dissemination and dispersion that can lower the transmission path of COVID-19 via aerosol.

This study aims to determine the system of calculation and tax collection of two-wheeled motor vehicles (2) at the Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA) of South Sulawesi Province. The study was conducted for two months from January to February 2020. This research used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The type of data used is primary data and secondary data. Data collection is done by interview and documentation. The results showed the calculation system of Motorized Vehicle Tax (2) of Yamaha Brands in the Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA) of South Sulawesi Province, namely the Selling Value of Motor Vehicles at times with PKB rates. And the motor vehicle tax collection system at the Regional Revenue Agency is through the Samsat office.

The RFID-based vehicle collection program is intended to better handle toll operations through technology that aims to streamline the flow of vehicles. The purpose of this work is to plan, introduce and promote the automated operation of the car selection system (VTS). The Vehicle Toll Collection Device in this paper automatically detects vehicles and gathers machine-readable details on tolls for automobiles driving in the toll road. This knowledge is instigated by the modification and installation of at least one vehicle with a moving vehicle detection device. The computerized control device located along the toll line will transmit the registration signal as the car is reaching the registration point and will determine the toll to be debited and transfer the toll electronically to the account of the individual vehicle. This device helps a car to proceed beyond the scan point with no halting, thereby providing commuters with optimum comfort, speeding up traffic movement and reducing the need for human capital on highways

The implementation of MSME tax collection with the Self Assessment System is a tax collection system by calculating, paying and reporting by yourself by giving confidence to taxpayers based on applicable laws and regulations. This study aims to 1) determine the implementation of the implementation of the self-assessment system in Makasar District, East Jakarta; 2) analyzing the understanding of the taxation knowledge of the UMKM taxpayers, 3) analyzing the implementation of the MSME taxpayer obligations 4) analyzing the tax awareness of taxpayers' sensitivity. This type of research is qualitative descriptive by means of direct primary data collection through interviews with 10 taxpayer informants of MSME actors. The results of his research indicate that the implementation of the self-assessment system has not been going well and more intensive assistance is needed. This is due to the lack of public awareness of taxation and lack of understanding of taxation knowledge. There are 4 informants who run the self-assessment system, 2 of which are assisted by tax consultant services and 6 other informants have not implemented the self assetment system properly

The industrial utilization of straw from the field is an important way to achieve its comprehensive utilization. Construction of an efficient collection system is the premise and foundation for the efficient utilization of straw resources. It has become an urgent problem to reduce the cost of storage and transportation of straw from the field. In order to construct an indexing system and method of regional suitability evaluation of straw storage and transportation technology model, a model based on regional suitability criteria for straw storage and transportation technology has been constructed by using literature analysis. The evaluation method of the straw storage and transportation technology model is briefly discussed. This method provides a quantifiable basis for screening, evaluation, integration, and popularization of the straw storage and transportation technology model.

The In.Te.Se. project - Innovation Territory and Services, for waste management in scattered areas is an Interreg V-A France Italy (ALCOTRA) project, financed within the framework of European cross-border cooperation programmes, in the Alpine region between France and Italy. On the subject of the local exploitation of organic waste, it permits the experimentation of home composting in scattered and cross-border areas in the Italian territories of the Province of Cuneo (Consorzio Servizi Ecologia e Ambiente, CSEA) and in the French areas of the PACA Region (Syndicat Mixte de Traitement des Ordures Menageres des cantons du Guillestrois et de l'Argentierois, SMITOMGA), through the use of individual and collective, manual and electromechanical composters. During the project it is estimated that a quantity of organic waste equal to about 2% of the not sorted waste produced in 2019 has been valorised, in 3 municipalities of CSEA and 23 municipalities followed by SMITOMGA where a separate collection circuit does not exist and it is conferred with the general unsorted waste. Overall, 31.72 tons of compost are obtained. The environmental balance deriving from the cooperation of the territories also makes it possible to estimate a negative balance of CO2 produced, with 3212.78 kgCO2 avoided. The economic assessment of not sending the organic component for disposal produced a saving for the two communities as a whole of €10,397.56, involving only 15% of the total population in the municipalities investigated. At the same time, a comparison with a separated collection system for the organic matter, determines the saving of €27,295.73 considering the all tested area. The implementation of this good practice has the potential to achieve interesting results from an environmental, social and economic point of view and to be extended to further portions of the territory and has demonstrated the successful choice of cross-border cooperation and the diversification of applied techniques.

Digital, En la actualidad en Colombia y en el mundo entero existen dificultades para adquirir el agua, es por eso que por causa de esta problemática se plantea disponer y aprovechar de las aguas lluvias para sus diferentes usos con el fin de que la escasez del agua minimice, ya que a medida que los años avanza este líquido cada vez será un poco más difícil de adquirir; con esto se busca cuidar el agua potable y de esta manera contribuir al medio ambiente. Existen muchos usos del aprovechamiento de aguas lluvias, en los cuales en su mayoría la usa la población que sufre desabastecimiento del agua potable ya que su uso puede convertirse en un factor de bajo costo y amigable con el ambiente; en la actualidad la es reutilizada por varios continentes del mundo como Europa, Asia, Australia, y África donde aprovechan este recurso vital para el ser humano. Pese a que Colombia es un país rico en agua, hay diferentes regiones que viven con escasez de este importante líquido, si bien es cierto que es la zona de nuestro planeta más CAPTACIÓN DE AGUAS LLUVIAS PARA RIEGO UDES12lluviosa,de acuerdo a un estudio publicado en el año 2015 del Instituto Alexander Von Humboldt quien determina que el 25% del territorio se encuentra conformado por humedales. Es importante resaltar que existen ventajas en la captación de agua pluvial como lo son: el ahorro en el consumo del servicio público (agua), ayuda a la reducción de la contaminación debido al uso de químicos, es menos costoso para su mantenimiento y además que es un recurso gratis, estas ventajas se aprecian, si se utilizan productos de calidad que garanticen su durabilidad por largo tiempo, su captación es sencilla y se puede disponer del agua a toda hora, independientemente del servicio público debido al suministro del agua pluvial., Currently in Colombia and throughout the world there are difficulties in acquiring water, that is why because of this problem it is proposed to dispose of and take advantage of rainwater for its different uses so that the scarcity of water minimizes, since as the years progress this liquid will become a little more difficult to acquire; This seeks to take care of drinking water and thus contribute to the environment.There are many uses for the use of rainwater, most of which are used by the population that suffers from a shortage of drinking water, since its use can become a low-cost and environmentally friendly factor; Currently it is reused by several continentsin the world such asEurope, Asia, Australia,and Africa where they take advantage of this vital resource for human beings.Although Colombia is a country rich in water, there are different regions that live with a shortage of this important liquid, although it is true that it is the rainiest area of our planet, according to a study published in 2015 by the Alexander Institute Von Humboldt who determines that 25% of the territory is made up of wetlands. It is important to highlight that there are advantages in collecting rainwater, such as: saving in the consumption of public services (water), helping to reduce pollution due to the use of chemicals, it is less expensive to maintain and, furthermore, It is a free resource, these advantages are appreciated, if quality products are used that guarantee its durability for a long time, its collection is simple and water is available at all times, regardless of the public service due to the rainwater supply., Pregrado, Tecnólogo en Supervisión de Obras Civiles, 1 ed., Introducción..................................................................................................................................15Objetivos.......................................................................................................................................17Objetivo General...........................................................................................................................17Objetivos Específicos....................................................................................................................17Marco Referencial.........................................................................................................................18Posición Actual.............................................................................................................................21Captación Aguas Lluvias..............................................................................................................23Captación......................................................................................................................................24Recolección y Conducción............................................................................................................24Interceptor.....................................................................................................................................25Almacenamiento............................................................................................................................25Metodología..................................................................................................................................27Análisis de Precipitaciones...........................................................................................................27Estudio Pluviométrico de la Universidad de Santander................................................................27Propuesta de Tanque de Almacenamiento....................................................................................29Resultados.....................................................................................................................................30Investigación de Datos Pluviométricos.........................................................................................30Precipitación de Santander............................................................................................................31Estimación de la Oferta y Demanda Hídrica del Campus de la UDES Balances Hídricos..........33Oferta Hídrica...............................................................................................................................33Volumen y Ubicación del Tanque de Almacenamiento...............................................................43Conclusiones.................................................................................................................................52ReferenciasBibliográficas............................................................................................................54Apéndices......................................................................................................................................57

Within the context of China’s Urban Employees’ Basic Pension Insurance (UEBPI), this paper constructs an actuarial model to analyze the financial imbalance risk of contribution rate reduction and to investigate the possibility of further reducing the contribution rate. It is found that the UEBPI fund would show financial imbalance risk in 2024 if the contribution rate is 16%, and no control strategy is introduced. In the case of single strategy (the collection system reform, delay of retirement age, or the introduction of external finance), the financial sustainability of the UEBPI fund could be improved to some extent, whereas the financial imbalance risk remains huge. In the case of a package of control strategies being implemented, the UEBPI fund could be able to continue its operation until 2060, and the contribution rate can be further reduced by 0–4 percentage. Therefore, the implementation of a package of control strategies presents a prerequisite for controlling the financial imbalance risk and further reducing the contribution rate.

Staghorn nephrolithiasis is a form of urolithiasis characterized by kidney stones formation that partially or completely fills the collecting system. Staghorn nephrolithiasis has a malignant course, accompanied by collecting system retention and impaired renal function. This pathology is a common cause of disability, which is particularly importance in the context of its prevalence among people of working age. The review systematizes the currently relevant data on surgery of staghorn nephrolithiasis, presents methods of surgical treatment, defines the selection options within them, their advantages and disadvantages, indications, contraindications and complications. This information can help in making an informed decision and increase the effectiveness of treatment for patients with that disease. At the moment, there is an arsenal of treatment options for staghorn nephrolithiasis, among them minimally invasive high-tech operations are the most advanced and recognized as the methods of choice. The modernization of existing technologies increases their efficiency and safety, but their high cost and the impossibility of using in some cases often make one prefer more traumatic radical interventions. Traditional surgery remains a reliable method of treatment, allowing simultaneous operations and treatment of complex cases of the disease. The possibility of combining existing methods allows for the effective removal of staghorn stones in different groups of patients. Thus, a careful and differentiated approach to the methods of surgical treatment of staghorn nephrolithiasis, their use in combination allows ensuring high efficiency of surgical treatment of this pathology.

Household consumption of dairy products is one the major component in the total sales of the Albanian dairy industry. Therefore, understanding the factors which may significantly influence household consumption is important in the planning of farmers, processors and manufacturers. Consumers' responses to changes in price and non-price factors are basic to an economic analysis of almost all the policy decisions related to industry or government programs. Forecasting the future direction of household consumption, and how that direction might be modified through industry efforts or by national programs and policies, requires information on the relationships among prices, incomes, household characteristics and consumer demand. This study focuses on households as consuming units, explains and analyzes their purchasing behavior for dairy products. As milk is a very important component of the Albanians diet, this study explores consumer preferences for milk in Albania and also tries to determine consumers profiles based on their preferences and socio-demographic factors. To reach these objectives, this research designed a conjoint choice experiment survey and collected primary data in the most populated cities of Albania. This study provides useful information to different stakeholders including milk producers and importers. The milk industry and its marketers may benefit from this information by using it to strategically market their milk to different groups.

ResumoEste trabalho propõe um registrador de dados baseado em hardware livre, Raspberry Pi e Arduino, para coleta de dados de transectos móveis de temperatura e umidade relativa. Graças às capacidades e recursos nativos, o aparato provou ser adequado para cenários extremos, como o Cerrado mato-grossense, oferecendo bons desempenhos obtidos a um custo baixo. Testes preliminares realizados em campo demonstraram sua confiabilidade e curva de aprendizagem adequada. O dispositivo tem como função de coletar a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e em seguida os transmitirem, através de uma rede sem fio padrão, nativa dos equipamentos, para um local adequado ao armazenamento dos dados, no caso cartão SD. Após a montagem e a calibragem do sistema de coleta, foram realizados transectos moveis georreferenciados de teste no Parque Mãe Bonifácia (Cuiabá, Mato Grosso), sendo validado o equipamento quanto sua operação, robustez e estabilidade dos sensores. Palavras-chave: Arduino. Raspberry-pi, Mãe Bonifácia. Transectos Móvei. Datalogger. AbstractThis work offers a data logger based on free hardware, Raspberry Pi and Arduino, for data collection of mobile transects of temperature and relative temperature. Thanks to the native settings and features, the device proved to be suitable for extreme scenarios, such as the Savanna in Mato Grosso State, offering good performances obtained at a low cost. Preliminary tests carried out in the field demonstrated its capacity and adequate learning curve. The device has the function of collecting the temperature and calculating the relative amount of air and then transmitting them, through a standard wireless network, native to equipment, to a suitable location for data storage, in the case of SD card. After assembling and calibrating the collection system, transects were carried out using georeferenced tests in the Parque Mãe Bonifácia (Cuiabá, Mato Grosso), being validated or used as operating equipment, robustness and stability of the sensors. Keywords: Arduino. Raspberry-pi. Mãe Bonifácia. Mobile Transects. Datalogger.

Highlights • Ureterocele is rare especially with collecting system duplication in the nonorthotopic (extravesical) position in adult. • Ureterocele has a variety of clinical manifestations and complications. • Endoscopic treatment was performed to decompress hydroureteronephrosis. • In this case, laparoscopy heminephrectomy is needed due to dysfunctional uppers moiety. • Renal scintigraphy is a gold standard to assess function in the duplex kidney., Introduction Ureteroceles is a developmental anomaly with cystic dilation of the distal aspect of the ureter and are often associated with some urological anomaly such as a duplicated system or stenotic ureteric orifice. Presentation of case This study reports an ectopic ureterocele in duplication of collecting system associated with double ureters and ureteral ectopia in a woman aged 24 years with minor flank pain. Cystoscopy deroofing of the ureterocele performed and followed by secondary surgery laparoscopic heminephrectomy. Discussion Ureteroceles have various clinical manifestations and complications. Treatment for ureterocele depends on age, type of the ureterocele, obstruction to the draining system, and complications. No single method is sufficient for all cases, and management must be individualized. Endoscopic treatment has gradually broadened as a safe, minimally invasive, and effective procedure, but there is no consensus on its effectiveness for treating ectopic ureterocele. However, it is reported that 50–80% of cases after initial endoscopic treatment require secondary surgery. Conclusions Ureterocele is reported rarely in adults, especially with duplication of the collection system in the nonorthotopic (extravesical) position in women. Cystoscopy deroofing of the ureterocele can be performed to decompress the hydroureteronephrosis, and laparoscopic heminephrectomy can be performed due to dysfunctional uppers moiety. Long-term follow-up is required to monitor renal function, symptoms, and occurrence of vesicoureteric reflux.

The road transportation in India has growing day by day. The Indian road network carries about 65 percent of its Goods and about 85 percent of passengers. The national highways in India are now increased from 44,076 miles to 88,313 miles in 2018 to 2019. Along these road networks there are about 450 toll plazas totally in India. These toll plazas contribute some major part of India’s economy, it is estimated the toll revenue can swell up to 1 lakh crore rupees in next five years. In spite of this enormous growth the toll plazas have huge traffic during peak most of the time which incurs delay and loss human hours to surpass the toll. The proposed system focuses on an automatic toll collection system which will automatically debit the amount from vehicle owner’s bank. The automated registration and collection are based on using the RFID chip which is amalgamated in the vehicle’s windshield. By this method, the information about registration ID of the vehicle can be obtained therefore stolen vehicle can also be detected by this system as the vehicle ID is linked to the user’s account. Thus, this system provides fast and efficient surpassing of toll plazas without any delay.

The obligation of Muslims in zakat is expected to help solve the problem of income distribution among human beings. This article aims to find out the management of zakat in Muslim countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. Important findings produced there are differences in the management of zakat in Indonesia, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. From the side of the law it is known that Indonesia and Malaysia do not require zakat in their laws, something different from Arab Saubi has even developed an online-based zakat collection and tax system. While from the zakat collection system, the policy in Malaysia makes zakat a tax deduction.

The article examines Soviet paper reuse as an ideological, economic daily practice, implemented through the advanced, but hitherto undescribed Soiuzutil’ waste collecting system by the early 1930s as the reverse side of Stalinist industrialization. It argues that Soiuzutil’ waste paper handling attempted to form a new socialist collective by reworking old print while cultivating citizens as classless scrap-collectors, for the sake of an (ir)rational resource optimization. While World War II intensified recycling efforts among the Allied and Axis powers, invasion and evacuation damaged Soviet waste collection to a point where no return of paper into a centralized system was possible. War forced printers and consumers to retreat to local self-supply networks, as paper remained a crucial, yet scarce resource. By analyzing technical-educational literature and correspondence of the reutilization offices, the article demonstrates the changing attitudes in the Stalinist war economy, the industries, and the population towards mobilizing and saving paper.

Purpose: Renal artery pseudoaneurysms (RAPs) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare but potentially life-threatening complications after partial nephrectomy (PN). Selective arterial embolization (SAE) is an effective method for controlling RAPs/AVFs. We assessed the clinical factors affecting the occurrence of RAPs/AVFs after PN and the effects of SAE on postsurgical renal function. Materials and Methods: Four hundred ninety-three patients who underwent PN were retrospectively reviewed. They were placed in either the SAE or the non-SAE group. The effects of clinical factors, including R.E.N.A.L. scores, on the occurrence of RAPs/AVFs were analyzed. The influence of SAE on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the first postoperative year was evaluated. Results: Thirty-three (6.7%) patients experienced RAPs/AVFs within 8 days of the median interval between PN and SAE. The SAE group had significantly higher R.E.N.A.L. scores, higher N component scores, and higher L component scores (all, p

In this article, we will present an overview of possible research methods to handle historical sources, in the specific case of karez landscapes. A karez system is an underground water collection system, prevalent in the Turpan basin of China. Sources and the associated methodology have become more important today, because of contemporary issues such as modernisation, urbanisation and agricultural expansion. These problems make it harder to read the landscape, which is why we have to start extracting our data from maps, reports, photographs, and satellite imagery. We will give a short overview of sources, each with an explanation of their processing method. Despite certain cautions that should be taken into account, these methods clearly complement the current state of knowledge on the Turpan karez. As this paper is part of a special issue, Water History in the time of COVID-19, it has undergone modified peer review.

The existing system of instrumental monitoring of the state of atmospheric air in the Republic of Tatarstan systematically reveals the facts of unsatisfactory quality of atmospheric air, in this connection, special attention has been paid to the work on regulating the impact of emissions on atmospheric air by means of calculated monitoring. The article notes that by now all the necessary legal framework has been created for creating a hybrid multi-level atmospheric air monitoring system in the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper provides a justification for the need to implement a hybrid multi-level atmospheric air monitoring system for three levels: the level "Enterprise" or "group of enterprises", the level" Municipality", the level"Subject of the Russian Federation the Republic of Tatarstan". The General scheme of the organization of environmental data collection in the Republic of Tatarstan and the scheme of the integrated architecture of the environmental data collection system are presented. The results of the implementation of a hybrid multi-level atmospheric air monitoring system in the environmental policy of the Republic of Tatarstan are presented

India is the second largest country in world with population of 1.356 billion (Census 2017). Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important cereals and it is staple food for more than 60% of the world population. The performance evaluation of thresher was studied on paddy variety Mahamaya to ascertain the effect of feed rates(4.5t/h,5.0t/h,5.5t/h), moisture content (13%, 15%, 17%) and cylinder speed (15.54m/sec,17.27m/sec,19.42m/sec) with four replication. The threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, threshing capacity and total losses were 99.42%, 98.91, 2.5t/h, 0.4% respectively at the best and optimum combination of feed rate, moisture content and cylinder speed of 5.0t/h,15% and 17.27m/sec respectively. Self unloading system of thresher was design and developed by using CATIA V5 2014.There was a cost saving of 2.86%/h and labour saving of 50% over earlier practice.

The two major components of the metanephros, the urinary collecting system (UCS) and nephron, have different developmental courses. Nephron numbers vary widely between species and individuals and are determined during fetal development. Furthermore, the development of nascent nephrons may contribute to the expansion of the proximal part of the UCS. This study investigated the distribution of nascent nephrons and their interrelationship with UCS branches during human embryogenesis. We obtained samples from 31 human embryos between Carnegie stages (CSs) 19 and 23 from the Kyoto Collection at the Congenital Anomaly Research Center of Kyoto University in Japan. Serial histological sections of the metanephros with the UCS were digitalized and computationally reconstructed for morphological and quantitative analyses. The three-dimensional (3D) coordinates for the positions of all UCS branch points, end points, attachment points to nascent nephrons (APs), and renal corpuscles (RCs) were recorded and related to the developmental phase. Phases were categorized from phase 1 to phase 5 according to the histological analysis. The UCS branching continued until RCs first appeared (at CS19). End branches with attached nascent nephrons (EB-AP[+]) were observed after CS19 during the fifth generation or higher during the embryonic period. The range of end branch and EB-AP(+) generation numbers was broad, and the number of RCs increased with the embryonic stage, reaching 273.8 ± 104.2 at CS23. The number of RCs connected to the UCS exceeded the number not connected to the UCS by CS23. The 3D reconstructions revealed RCs to be distributed around end branches, close to the surface of the metanephros. The RCs connected to the UCS were located away from the surface. The APs remained near the end point, whereas connecting ducts that become renal tubules were found to elongate with maturation of the RCs. Nascent nephrons in RC phases 3-5 were preferentially attached to the end branches at CS22 and CS23. The mean generation number of EB-AP(-) was higher than that of EB-AP(+) in 19 of 22 metanephros and was statistically significant for eight metanephros at CS22 and CS23. The ratio of the deviated branching pattern was almost constant (29%). The ratio of the even branching pattern with EB-AP(+) and EB-AP(+) to the total even branching pattern increased with CS (9.2% at CS21, 19.2% at CS22, and 45.4% at CS23). Our data suggest the following: EB-AP(+) may not branch further at the tip (i.e., by tip splitting), but branching beneath the AP (lateral branching) continues throughout the embryonic stages. Our study provides valuable data that can further the understanding of the interactions between the UCS and nascent nephrons during human embryogenesis.