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The problem of space flights safety arose with the beginning of the first launches of artificial Earth satellites. With expansion of the boundaries of space flights, the area of outer space that must be controlled to ensure flight safety is significantly increasing. In this study, we consider the possibility of capturing space objects into near-planetary space and further movement of these objects. Such statistical analysis is very important when planning the long-term flights. The objects of our research are both: the particles that came from deep space and the evolving asteroids of the Main asteroid belt. A special attention is paid to the evolution of the Griqua family of asteroids, which belong to the main asteroid belt, and move in orbital resonance with Jupiter.

Atmospheric mass density (AMD) plays a vital role in the drag calculation for space objects in low Earth orbit (LEO). Many empirical AMD models have been developed and used for orbit prediction and...

This paper introduces three cosmic expansion models with constant, decelerating and accelerating speed of expansion respectively. Then characters of these cosmic expansion models are compared. Based on these cosmic expansion models, the thresholds of observable universe are calculated via simulations, where the earliest observable cosmic radius R(tearliest) is always 0.368R (R is cosmic radius at current universe time) for any cosmic expansion models.

Satellite measurements of the atmosphere by remote sensing techniques are becoming the trend for atmospheric probing. The problem is that such measurements are usually not continuous in time series for given Earth locations. This article presents a neural network-based method for time series modeling of the atmospheric refractivity in 3-D space using radio occultation measurements from the COSMIC mission. The method offers an opportunity to obtain continuous refractivity values in time series for any given Earth location, even if there are no measurements. Time series inputs of year, day of year, and hour of day are used to train the 3-D space measurements of refractivity from both COSMIC-1 and COSMIC-2 missions. The data cover periods from April 2006 to September 2020, and the data for the Nigerian region (and from altitudes 0.1 to 39.9 km) are illustrated. The effectiveness of solar activity indicator [sunspot number (SSN)], as an input for the neural network process, is investigated. The result shows that the SSN was an insignificant input for improving the prediction accuracy of the model. A comparison of the model predictions and the COSMIC measurements shows that there is very good correlation (correlation coefficients are approximately 1.0) between the model predictions and the COSMIC measurements. Typical root-mean-square errors between the model predictions and the COSMIC measurements are about 7.3 N-units on ground, 0.6 N-units at 20 km, and 0.3 N-units at 40 km. The model predictions are demonstrated to vary (in time and space) in patterns that agree with physical measurements of refractivity.

Covariance matrices are among the most difficult pieces of end-to-end cosmological analyses. In principle, for two-point functions, each component involves a four-point function, and the resulting covariance often has hundreds of thousands of elements. We investigate various compression mechanisms capable of vastly reducing the size of the covariance matrix in the context of cosmic shear statistics. This helps identify which of its parts are most crucial to parameter estimation. We start with simple compression methods, by isolating and "removing" 200 modes associated with the lowest eigenvalues, then those with the lowest signal-to-noise ratio, before moving on to more sophisticated schemes like compression at the tomographic level and, finally, with the Massively Optimized Parameter Estimation and Data compression (MOPED). We find that, while most of these approaches prove useful for a few parameters of interest, like $\Omega_m$, the simplest yield a loss of constraining power on the intrinsic alignment (IA) parameters as well as $S_8$. For the case considered -- cosmic shear from the first year of data from the Dark Energy Survey -- only MOPED was able to replicate the original constraints in the 16-parameter space. Finally, we apply a tolerance test to the elements of the compressed covariance matrix obtained with MOPED and confirm that the IA parameter $A_{\mathrm{IA}}$ is the most susceptible to inaccuracies in the covariance matrix., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. V2 reflects version accepted for publication in PRD

In the Big Bang Theory and the Black Hole Theory, the existing laws of physics all fail at the singularity, and the singularity has become a blind spot in the existing scientific theories. In the axioms system of Cosmic continuum, the universe was not created by an instantaneous explosion, but by the continuous eruption of singularities. As long as the singularity is still erupting, the total amount of the universe will continue to increase. The so-called dark energy is actually the gravitational field energy erupted by the singularity. The expansion force of dark energy is generated by the outward eruption of singularity. The cosmic system collapse into a Schwarzschild black hole under the action of a strong gravitational field, and the Planck spheres at the center of the black hole continues to collapse into dark mass bodies, forming dark celestial body and singularity. The Schwarzschild radius is the upper limit of a black hole, and the Planck sphere is the lower limit of a black hole. The singularity is the conversion point between the old and new cosmic systems. The singularity erupts the Planck spheres under the action of a strong gravitational field, and the Planck spheres expands outward to form a new cosmic system. The Planck sphere is both the end of the old cosmic system and the starting point of the new cosmic system. The black hole collapse and the singularity eruption are mirror images of each other.

In this article, I’ll outline the phenomenon of ‘cosmic wellness’ which is now visible across on- and offline spaces that promote health and well-being products and practices to women. Cosmic wellness is a broad constellation of media, discourse, imagery, materials and foods (including crystals, dust and herbs) produced primarily by white, wealthy women. On the one hand, cosmic wellness can be read as a digital food culture that offers healthy and potentially necessary responses to fiercely neoliberal modes of working and living. But conversely, it is framed as the newest example of narcissistic self-absorption and, more seriously, as unhealthy and dangerous. Cosmic wellness is founded on various beliefs, including the moral necessity of pursuing the optimisation of self and the power of markets to provide the ingredients, tools and practices to achieve it. It is connected to histories that chart the incorporation of New Age health and well-being practices into ‘mainstream’ forms of lifestyle production and consumption and the simultaneous derision of these practices, especially when used and promoted by women. But there is also something new about cosmic wellness, especially as it is visible online on platforms such as Instagram. In the article, I outline the key features of cosmic wellness and analyse its contemporary cultural purchase, using theories of digital food cultures, spiritual production and consumption, postfeminism and critical whiteness studies. The article then conducts empirical analysis of a series of Instagram posts from one prominent space in which cosmic wellness currently circulates: Gwyneth Paltrow’s lifestyle and wellness business Goop.

New results of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements obtained from a newly installed low-cost multi-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) U-BLOX receiver at Abuja-Nigeria (Geographic: 8.99° N, 7.38° E; Geomagnetic: 1.6° S) is presented. The paper motivates the use of the U-BLOX receiver for TEC studies in the African equatorial region. Data obtained for the periods of July-August and November-December 2020 are used. TEC data from the U-BLOX are compared with TEC obtained from a nearby high-cost GNSS receiver, and with COSMIC – RO (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate – Radio Occultation) TEC measurements. Corresponding TEC values from the AfriTEC and NeQuick ionospheric models are also presented. The results show an excellent level of agreement between the U-BLOX and high-cost GNSS receiver measurements. The COSMIC values were typically less than the U-BLOX and high-cost receiver values, and this is mainly attributed to the difference in TEC integration heights used for the two systems. The correlation coefficients between the U-BLOX values and values from the other four datasets are mostly greater than 0.9. The root-mean-square differences (RMSDs) between the U-BLOX and high-cost receiver values are about 2 TECU and less. The RMSDs between the U-BLOX values and values from each of the AfriTEC and NeQuick models are less than 5 TECU. The values are comparable and even lower than values computed in previous research that used TEC from high-cost receivers. There is also consistent and significant agreement between 30-second ROT values computed from both the low-cost and high-cost receivers. These results summarily indicate that the U-BLOX is a good candidate for TEC studies in the region, just like the high-cost receivers.

We place novel constraints on the cosmokinetic parameters by using a joint analysis of the newest Very Large Telescope (VLT)-K-band Multi Object Spectrograph (KMOS) HII galaxies (HIIG) with the Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa) Pantheon sample. We combine the latter data sets in order to reconstruct, in a model-independent way, the Hubble diagram to as high redshifts as possible. Using a Gaussian process, we derive the basic cosmokinetic parameters and compare them with those of Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM). In the case of SNIa, we find that the extracted values of the cosmokinetic parameters are in agreement with the predictions of ΛCDM model. Combining SNIa with high-redshift tracers of the Hubble relation, namely HIIG data, we obtain consistent results with those based on ΛCDM as far as the present values of the cosmokinetic parameters are concerned, but find significant deviations in the evolution of the cosmokinetic parameters with respect to the expectations of the concordance ΛCDM model.

The teleological argument has received a resurgence in recent years. This is thanks to cosmological data which appears to offer new evidence to indicate that the existence of life is the result of contrivance in the face of staggering improbability. Richard Swinburne argues that cosmic fine-tuning gives us good evidence to believe in the creator God of classical theism, who has good reasons to create human agents. I assess Swinburne’s use of the “principle of simplicity” as a criterion for selecting the best explanation in this particular case, arguing that it is not as compelling as Swinburne claims.

The assumption of spherical uniformity while the retrieval of electron density profiles from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) observations is often violated and introduces significant errors in the retrieved electron density profile data. This paper presents an improved Abel-inversion technique by incorporating the horizontal gradients in the ionosphere, which are routinely derived from the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based background NmF2 (peak electron density of F2-layer) model (ANNC2) assimilated with near real-time Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2) NmF2 data. The ANNC2-aided Abel inversion is then implemented for more accurate retrieval of electron density profiles from COSMIC-2 in real-time. It is found that the ANNC2-aided inversion has improved the electron density values around the F2-region and below, which yields a clear separation between two anomaly crests. Further, the ANNC2-aided Abel inversion had significantly reduced the artificial plasma caves beneath the equatorial ionization anomaly crests. Furthermore, COSMIC-2 NmF2 observations obtained from both classical and the ANNC2-aided Abel inversion are compared with the ground-based Digisonde data and found that the ANNC2-aided inversion gives the better results. This study provides some new insights on the aided Abel inversion technique assisted by ANN models for the real-time correction of Abel retrieved electron density profiles.

Using a set of $\Lambda$CDM simulations of cosmic structure formation, we study the evolving connectivity and changing topological structure of the cosmic web using state-of-the-art tools of multiscale topological data analysis (TDA). We follow the development of the cosmic web topology in terms of the evolution of Betti number curves and feature persistence diagrams of the three (topological) classes of structural features: matter concentrations, filaments and tunnels, and voids. The Betti curves specify the prominence of features as a function of density level, and their evolution with cosmic epoch reflects the changing network connections between these structural features. The persistence diagrams quantify the longevity and stability of topological features. In this study we establish, for the first time, the link between persistence diagrams, the features they show, and the gravitationally driven cosmic structure formation process. By following the diagrams' development over cosmic time, the link between the multiscale topology of the cosmic web and the hierarchical buildup of cosmic structure is established. The sharp apexes in the diagrams are intimately related to key transitions in the structure formation process. The apex in the matter concentration diagrams coincides with the density level at which, typically, they detach from the Hubble expansion and begin to collapse. At that level many individual islands merge to form the network of the cosmic web and a large number of filaments and tunnels emerge to establish its connecting bridges. The location trends of the apex possess a self-similar character that can be related to the cosmic web's hierarchical buildup. We find that persistence diagrams provide a significantly higher and more profound level of information on the structure formation process than more global summary statistics like Euler characteristic or Betti numbers., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 1 table. Revised and shortened version, submitted to MNRAS

Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) inside the heliosphere are affected by magnetic turbulence and Solar wind disturbances which result in the so-called solar modulation effect. To investigate this phenomenon, we have performed a data-driven analysis of the temporal dependence of the GCR flux over the solar cycle. With a global statistical inference of GCR data collected in space by AMS-02, PAMELA, and CRIS on monthly basis, we have determined the dependence of the GCR diffusion parameters upon time and rigidity. In this conference, we present our results for GCR protons and nuclei, we discuss their interpretation in terms of basic processes of particle transport and their relations with the dynamics of the heliospheric plasma., 8 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of ICRC-2021 conference

This paper proposes a new, improved COmmon Software Measurement International Consortium function point (COSMIC FP) method that uses Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architectures based on Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array to estimate software development effort. The minimum magnitude relative error (MRE) to evaluate these architectures considering the cost effect function, the type of data used in the training, testing, and validation of the proposed models, was used. Applying the fuzzification and clustering method to obtain seven different datasets, we would like to achieve excellent reliability and accuracy of the obtained results. Besides examining the influence of four input values, we aim to reduce the risks of potential errors, increase the coverage of a wide range of different projects and increase the efficiency and success of completing many various software projects. The main contributions of our work are as follows: the influence of four input values of the COSMIC FP method on the change of mean (MRE), development of two simple ANN architectures, the attainment of a small number of performed iterations in software effort estimation (less than 7), reduced software effort estimation time, the use of different values of the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group and other datasets used in the experiment.

The explanation of energy conservation on the cosmic scale requires an understanding of two sets of processes. (1) The set of processes by which electromagnetic energy, the energy of photons in the free state or in the confined state, is gained or is diminished. (2) The set of processes by which the vacuum, i.e., aether, is generated or is lost—processes by which it emerges/expands and by which it suffers contraction and vanishment. At the heart of the explanation is a straightforward definition of energy at the fundamental level: Any process in which there is a quantitative change in the units of aether (the discretized medium that permeates all space) constitutes, in and of itself, a manifestation of energy. The workings of the long-overlooked mechanism are revealed. Cosmic-scale energy conservation is maintained by balancing the relevant processes of two distinct realms—the physical and the subphysical. The physical realm achieves balance by means of a harmony between processes of photon energy gain and energy loss. The subphysical realm achieves balance through the harmony between aether emergence and aether consumption/vanishment. Needless to say, the implications for cosmology are profound.

The attempt of this work is to evaluate the three options (BSE-1979, AMTB-2013, SHU-2015) embedded in IRI-2016 for the F2 layer peak height (hmF2) estimation under low and high solar flux levels. We compare the model hmF2 with digisonde observations from Qaanaaq, Milllstone Hill, Ramey, Jicamarca and Port Stanley as well as Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) ionospheric radio occultation data over the five stations spanning from northern hemisphere to southern hemisphere. In the case of Millstone Hill, we also use incoherent scatter radar (ISR) measurements. For the comparison with digisonde data, SHU-2015 is the most accurate option for reproducing hmF2 at low and middle latitude stations (Milllstone Hill, Ramey, Jicamarca) with the smallest Root-Mean-Square-Error and the highest correlation with observations. At high latitude (Qaanaaq and Port Stanley), BSE-1979 becomes the best option. This is true for both low and high solar flux conditions. Similar results are obtained for the comparison between ISR and IRI-2016 hmF2 model options over Millstone Hill, where SHU-2015 option has the smallest deviations from the observation data in both low and high solar activity conditions. As for the comparison with COSMIC data, SHU-2015 edges out the other two options under low solar activity level with better performance at three stations. There is no optimal option under high solar activity level, which is to our surprise, cause SHU-2015 was developed based on a large amount of radio occultation data. At Jicamarca, all options show dramatic deviations from COSMIC observations, showing even negative correlations. We propose that the performance of the three options do not vary much with solar condition, while they differ a lot with location, for example, latitude.

Aminomethanol (NH2CH2OH) and N-Methylhydroxylamine (CH3NHOH) are isomers of each other, and have astrochemical importance. To our knowledge, they have not been analyzed so far in any terrestrial laboratory, and probably due to non-availability of accurate frequencies, they have not been searched in a cosmic object. It is well known that physical conditions in cosmic objects are very different as compared to those in our terrestrial laboratories. Therefore, these molecules may exist in the interstellar medium. For having information about the potential spectral lines of these molecules, we have obtained their rotational and centrifugal distortion constants, and electric dipole moment with the help of the GAUSSIAN software using B3LYP method, and aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets, separately. As the electric dipole moment has comparable components along all the three a, b and c axes, we have considered all the three types of radiative transitions together, and have calculated radiative transition probabilities for all the three kinds of radiative transitions. Considering a, b and c type transitions together, we have performed Sobolev LVG analysis of each molecule, where the collisional rate coefficients have been obtained using a scaling law. Considering energy levels up to 300 cm-1, we have found 181 weak MASER lines and 112 anomalous absorption transitions of NH2CH2OH, and 21 weak MASER lines and 28 anomalous absorption transitions of CH3NHOH, which may play important role for the identification of respective molecule in the ISM.

With significant advancement in the climatological nature of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) through a series of editions, the ionospheric community now focuses on possible improvements in the IRI Real-Time Assimilative Model (IRTAM) for describing the real-time weather conditions in the ionosphere. In line with the focuses of the global research community, the present study intends improving the critical ionospheric electron density height (hmF2) predictions in the latest version of the IRI model (IRI-2016) through a comparative analysis with the hmF2 derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) ionospheric occultation profiles over the African region under various solar and geomagnetic conditions. As the existing operational ionosondes (only five in number) are not evenly distributed across the African region, the dense COSMIC soundings offer an excellent opportunity for assessing the IRI hmF2 model performance over the region. The study includes a comparative study of observed COSMIC hmF2 values with IRI-2016 predictions, almost covering the whole solar cycle (2007 to 2017). The comparison is based on statistical model validation metrics for datasets under various solar and geomagnetic conditions. The average performance of the IRI hmF2 model over Africa is similar during quiet geomagnetic conditions under both low and high solar activity periods. However, the average performance declines during disturbed geomagnetic conditions and for night-time values, while the best average performance is noticed in the daytime hmF2 predictions. The SHU-2015 model option in IRI-2016 manifests the least prediction error, best model efficiency, and correlation with the COSMIC hmF2 values, justifying the use of a large number of COSMIC profiles in the development of the SHU-2015 model. Finally, the study suggests the suitability of the SHU-2015 IRI hmF2 option over the African region when and where there are no or limited COSMIC profiles. Additionally, the research work suggests further improvements in the IRI hmF2 predictions, especially for night-time values over the African region.

In the vicinity of the shock front, galactic cosmic rays are focused into anisotropic “beams” of particles. Such beams of correlated particles—the “halo” effect in cosmic rays—are, in fact, precursors of a shock wave. The halo effect in cosmic rays is most vividly manifested when the source of activity is revealed, either going out or going beyond the edge of the solar disk. We solve the problem of over-the-horizon real-time detection of a powerful behind-the-limb source of activity on the Sun by a remote method for diagnosing near-Earth space (http: //www.forshockru/pred.html) through the created robotic expert system Cyber-FORSHOCK, based on the existing world network of (high-latitude) neutron monitors ( http://www.nmdb.eu ). In this case, the planet Earth, together with high-latitude cosmic-ray stations (around ten of them), working to receive cosmic radiation, is a single “device.”

Many believe that because we are so small, we must be utterly insignificant on the cosmic scale. But whether this is so depends on what it takes to be important. On one view, what matters for importance is the difference to value that something makes. On this view, what determines our cosmic importance is not our size, but what else of value is out there. But a rival view also seems plausible: that importance requires sufficient causal impact on the relevant scale; since we have no such impact on the grand scale, that would entail our cosmic insignificance. I argue that despite appearances, causal impact is neither necessary nor sufficient for importance. All that matters is impact on value. Since parts can have non-causal impact on the value of the wholes that contain them, this means that we might have great impact on the grandest scale without ever leaving our little planet.

Asteroid (99942) Apophis is a potentially hazardous asteroid. The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) recently proposed a rendezvous mission with Apophis, with a planned asteroid observation campaign to help determine the mission strategy in advance. In this study, we performed multicolor photometric observations of Apophis using the 1.0 m telescope at Kawabe Cosmic Park on 2021 March 10. The visible colors (g′, r′, and i′) of Apophis were obtained. The average colors of Apophis during our observations were as follows: g′ − r′ = 0.618 ± 0.021 and r′ − i′ = 0.180 ± 0.021. No significant color variation was observed in r′ − i′, but a slight variation may have occurred in g′ − r′ during the observation period of 4.63 hr. The obtained colors appeared to match those of an Sq-class asteroid, which is the asteroid type previously determined for Apophis by Binzel et al. (2009, Icarus, 200, 480) using the visible to near-infrared (0.55–2.45 μm) reflectance spectrum.

In this paper, we examine convective overshooting and its effects on the thermal structure of the troposphere and lower stratosphere in the Tibetan Plateau in summer by matching the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) with Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA), Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 5th Reanalysis (ERA-5), the Japanese Meteorological Association 55-year reanalysis (JRA-55) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Versions2 (MERRA-2). It was found that convective overshooting mainly occurs in the central and eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and its frequency varies from 0.01 × 10−4 to 0.91 × 10−4. The convective overshooting warms the low middle tropopause and cools the tropopause nearby significantly, which can also makes air get wetter. The tropopause of the convective overshooting is substantially lower than the mean tropopause. Statistical results calculated from the five datasets are generally consistent; however, each dataset has its own strengths and weaknesses. The high spatiotemporal resolution temperature profiles from ERA-5 along with the high vertical resolution temperature profiles from COSMIC can be combined to accurately study convective overshooting in the Tibetan Plateau.

Precision calibration poses challenges to experiments probing the redshifted 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization (z~30-6). In both interferometric and global signal experiments, systematic calibration is the leading source of error. Though many aspects of calibration have been studied, the overlap between the two types of instruments has received less attention. We investigate the sky based calibration of total power measurements with a HERA dish and an EDGES style antenna to understand the role of auto-correlations in the calibration of an interferometer and the role of sky in calibrating a total power instrument. Using simulations we study various scenarios such as time variable gain, incomplete sky calibration model, and primary beam model. We find that temporal gain drifts, sky model incompleteness, and beam inaccuracies cause biases in the receiver gain amplitude and the receiver temperature estimates. In some cases, these biases mix spectral structure between beam and sky resulting in spectrally variable gain errors. Applying the calibration method to the HERA and EDGES data, we find good agreement with calibration via the more standard methods. Although instrumental gains are consistent with beam and sky errors similar in scale to those simulated, the receiver temperatures show significant deviations from expected values. While we show that it is possible to partially mitigate biases due to model inaccuracies by incorporating a time-dependent gain model in calibration, the resulting errors on calibration products are larger and more correlated. Completely addressing these biases will require more accurate sky and primary beam models., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in MNRAS main journal

Electron density profiles observed using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) and Feng-Yun 3C (FY3C) radio occultation (RO) missions from 2014 to 2018 were quality inspected and analysed. After eliminating observations that did not meet the quality requirements, we compared the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) and total electron content (TEC) with data retrieved from ionosondes and global ionospheric maps (GIM). Results showed that the quality of the COSMIC and FY3C RO electron density profiles was higher during the daytime compared to that overnight and was better in summer and autumn compared to spring and winter. Furthermore, the electron density profile qualification rate was higher for FY3C RO than that for COSMIC RO in low latitude regions. The foF2 RO data correlated well with ionosonde data (0.94 and 0.90 for FY3C and COSMIC, respectively). Similarly, TEC RO data correlated well with data from GIM (0.95 and 0.92 for FY3C and COSMIC, respectively). The observation accuracy of the RO data was affected by both solar and geomagnetic activity, and the influence of solar activity was greater than that of geomagnetic activity. During periods of reduced solar and geomagnetic activity, the accuracy of foF2 and TEC retrieved from RO was dependent on the local time, season, and latitude.

Analyses of large-scale cancer sequencing data have revealed that mutagenic processes can create distinctive patterns of base substitutions, called mutational signatures. Interestingly, mutational patterns resembling some of these signatures can also be observed in normal cells. To determine whether similar patterns exist more generally, we analyzed large data sets of genetic variation, including mutations from 7 model species and single nucleotide polymorphisms in 42 species, totaling >1.9 billion variants. We found that base substitution patterns for most species closely match single base substitution (SBS) mutational signature 5 in the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. SBS5 is ubiquitous in cancers and also present in normal human cells, suggesting that similar patterns of genetic variation across so many species are likely due to conserved biochemistry. We investigated the mechanistic origins of the SBS5-like mutational pattern in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and show that translesion DNA synthesis and sugar metabolism are directly linked to this form of mutagenesis. We propose that conserved metabolic processes in cells are coupled to continuous generation of genetic variants, which can be acted upon by selection to drive the evolution of biological entities.

The chemical evolution of the Universe and several phases of the stellar life are regulated by minute nuclear reactions. The key point for each of these reactions is the value of cross sections at the energies at which they take place in stellar environments. Direct cross-section measurements are mainly hampered by the very low counting rate and by cosmic background, nevertheless they have become possible by combining the best experimental techniques with the cosmic silence of an underground laboratory. In the nineties the LUNA (Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics) collaboration opened the era of underground nuclear astrophysics installing first a home-made 50 kV and later on, a second 400 kV accelerator under the Gran Sasso mountain in Italy: in 25 years of experimental activity, important reactions responsible for hydrogen burning could have been studied down to the relevant energies thanks to the high current proton and helium beams provided by the machines. The interest to the next and warmer stages of star evolution (i.e. post main sequence, helium and carbon burning) drove a new project based on an ion accelerator in the MV range called LUNA-MV, able to deliver proton, helium and carbon beams. The present contribution is aimed to discuss the state-of-the-art for some selected key processes of post main sequence stellar phases: the 12Cag and the 12C+12C fundamental for helium and carbon burning phases, and 13Can and 22Neag that are relevant to the synthesis of heavy elements in AGB stars. The perspectives opened by an underground MV-facility will be highlighted., 18 pages, 13 figures

Представлено авторское видение одного из возможных вариантов реализации геокультурного брендинга Перми, актуализирующего тему «космического» наследия советской эпохи, прочно закрепившегося в визуально-эстетической среде города. Ее феноменальное ядро составляют официальная и неофициальная топонимика, городские легенды, места памяти, монументальная скульптура, малые архитектурные формы, тематические мозаики, барельефы и сграффито на фасадах зданий. Использована концепция геокультурного брендинга территорий и городов (Д. Н. Замятин) и теория креативного города (Ч. Лэндри). Проанализировано отражение темы освоения космоса в городском пространстве Перми. Изучены особенности закрепления этой темы в наименованиях улиц, облике объектов общественного и культурного назначения. Выделены имиджевые ресурсы, являющиеся концептуальными основаниями геокультурного бренда «Пермь космическая». Разработана геокультурная схема геобренда, отражающая статус различных имиджевых ресурсов в его структуре. For several years, the authors have been developing possible options for a geocultural branding strategy for Perm. The aim of the study is to develop one of the possible concepts for the implementation of the geocultural branding of Perm, the core of which is the “cosmic” past and present of the city. The theme of the cultural heritage of the Soviet era, associated with the exploration of outer space, is an immanent part of the city’s visual and aesthetic environment. Its phenomenal core is made up of official and unofficial toponymy (“cosmic” names of city streets, boulevards), urban legends and traditions, places of memory, monumental sculpture, small architectural forms, thematic mosaics, bas-reliefs and sgraffitos on the facades of city buildings. The analysis uses the concept of geocultural branding of territories and cities by the Russian scientist Dmitry Zamyatin, as well as the theory of a creative city by the British researcher Charles Landry. The city’s image passport, which constitutes the general conceptual basis of the Cosmic Perm geocultural brand, includes: cosmic names of city streets (Shosse Kosmonavtov [Cosmonauts’ Highway], Ulitsa Kosmonavta Leonova [Cosmonaut Leonov Street], Ulitsa Kosmonavta Belyaeva [Cosmonaut Belyaev Street], Ulitsa Akademika Koroleva [Academician Korolev Street], Bul'var Gagarina [Gagarin Boulevard]), monuments and steles (monument to Yu A. Gagarin), the historically first planetarium in the Urals region, exhibition samples of rocket space technology of the city’s large enterprises, unique museum expositions (Museum of Perm Artillery, Museum of the History of Cosmonautics of the Perm Aviation College named after A.D. Shvetsov), products of street artists. For the first time, the article presents the geocultural scheme Cosmic Perm, which reflects these resources. On the eve of its anniversary (2023), Perm has unique opportunities to launch mechanisms for the implementation of a holistic strategy of geocultural development. It is noted thatPerm has enough image resources to enter the top five comfortable and creative cities in Russia. It is possible to launch a real effective strategy for the geocultural branding of a city, provided that cultural and creative activities by city residents and its resource provision are activated, which is quite within the ability of local business communities and power groups. One must not forget about the potential risks of the practical implementation of the Cosmic Perm geocultural brand. The authors emphasize that local authorities should not prioritize only the goals of promoting the development of domestic educational and event tourism in Perm Krai.

Purpose: Review of investigations of cosmic sources radioemission scintillations due to interplanetary plasma irregularities made at the Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, from the first observations in the mid-70s until now. Design/methodology/approach: In the course of preparation of this paper, the authors have reviewed, analyzed and summarized the information being published in the home and foreign publications, and reported at scientific conferences. Findings: The investigations of the interplanetary scintillations carried out at the Institute of Radio Astronomy, NAS Ukraine have been reviewed. A retrospective discussion has been made on how in the course of these researches the knowledge about the basic parameters of interplanetary scintillations in the decameter wavelength range, as well as that on the important parameters of the solar wind and its structure, have been obtained. Also, various methods of processing and analysis of experimental data were offered, and new means for receiving cosmic radiation were created. The place and importance of the discussed researches for the world science are shown. Conclusions: Over the years since the beginning of the research, the think tank of the Department of Low-Frequency Radio Astronomy of the Institute of Radio Astronomy, NAS Ukraine has obtained a number of new relevant results, which bring Ukraine into the cohort of world centers of interplanetary scintillation researches. The construction of a new GURT radio telescope, among other things, creates new prospects for the development of this relevant line of investigation. Key words: interplanetary scintillations; decameter wavelength range; solar wind; solar wind stream structure; coronal mass ejection

The dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio bursts (FRBs) provides a unique way to probe ionised baryons in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Cosmological models with different parameters lead to different DM-redshift ($\mathrm{DM}-z$) relations. Additionally, the over/under-dense regions in the IGM and the circumgalactic medium of intervening galaxies lead to scatter around the mean $\mathrm{DM}-z$ relations. We have used the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) simulations to measure the mean $\mathrm{DM}-z$ relation and the scatter around it using over one billion lines-of-sight between redshifts $0, Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. 14 pages, 15 figures, Comments Welcome. Data and model will be released upon being accepted

Background DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) is encoded by the POLE gene, and POLE-driven tumors are characterized by high mutational rates. POLE-driven tumors are relatively common in endometrial and colorectal cancer, and their presence is increasingly recognized in ovarian cancer (OC) of endometrioid type. POLE-driven cases possess an abundance of TCT > TAT and TCG > TTG somatic mutations characterized by mutational signature 10 from the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). By quantifying the contribution of COSMIC mutational signature 10 in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) we set out to identify POLE-driven tumors in a set of unselected Mayo Clinic OC. Methods Mutational profiles were calculated using expressed single-nucleotide variants (eSNV) in the Mayo Clinic OC tumors (n = 195), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) OC tumors (n = 419), and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) normal ovarian tissues (n = 84). Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) of the mutational profiles inferred the contribution per sample of four distinct mutational signatures, one of which corresponds to COSMIC mutational signature 10. Results In the Mayo Clinic OC cohort we identified six tumors with a predicted contribution from COSMIC mutational signature 10 of over five mutations per megabase. These six cases harbored known POLE hotspot mutations (P286R, S297F, V411L, and A456P) and were of endometrioid histotype (P = 5e−04). These six tumors had an early onset (average age of patients at onset, 48.33 years) when compared to non-POLE endometrioid OC cohort (average age at onset, 60.13 years; P = .008). Samples from TCGA and GTEx had a low COSMIC signature 10 contribution (median 0.16 mutations per megabase; maximum 1.78 mutations per megabase) and carried no POLE hotspot mutations. Conclusions From the largest cohort of RNA-seq from endometrioid OC to date (n = 53), we identified six hypermutated samples likely driven by POLE (frequency, 11%). Our result suggests the clinical need to screen for POLE driver mutations in endometrioid OC, which can guide enrollment in immunotherapy clinical trials.

We propose a dedicated, ultra-deep spectroscopic survey in the near infrared (NIR), that will target a mass-limited sample of galaxies during two of the most fundamental epochs of cosmic evolution: the formation of the first galaxies (at z $\gtrsim $ ≳ 6; cosmic dawn), and at the peak of galaxy formation activity (at redshift z$\sim $ ∼ 1–3; cosmic noon). By way of NIR observations (λ= 0.8–2μ m), it is possible to study the UV Lyman-α region in the former, and the optical rest-frame in the latter, allowing us to extract fundamental observables such as gas and stellar kinematics, chemical abundances, and ages, providing a unique legacy database covering these two crucial stages of cosmic evolution. The need to work in the NIR at extremely low flux levels makes a ground-based approach unfeasible due to atmospheric emission and absorption. Only with the largest facilities of the future (e.g. ELT) will be possible to observe a reduced set of targets, comprising at most of order thousands of galaxies. Likewise, from space, the small field of view of JWST and its use as a general purpose facility will yield a rather small set of high quality NIR spectra of distant galaxies (in the thousands, at best). Our project (codename ) aims to produce $\sim $ ∼ 1 million high quality spectra, with a high S/N in the continuum, where information about the underlying stellar populations is encoded. The main science drivers are: The connection between the star formation history and the mass assembly history. The role of AGN and supernova feedback in shaping the formation histories of galaxies, with a quantitative estimate of quenching timescales. The formation of the first galaxies. The source of reionization. Evolution of the metallicity-mass relation, including [α/Fe] and individual abundances. Precision cosmology through detailed studies of the “baryon physics” of galaxy formation, probing the power spectrum over scales k$\sim $ ∼ 1 Mpc− 1.

The sky is the basis of the most important cosmic phenomena, as it represents a flat area dependent on the corners of the earth by four pillars, and it forms the upper part of the universe as it is represented as a kind of cover that protects it, and in which the luminous bodies move in it: such as the sun, the moon, stars, clouds and planets. The ancient Egyptian tried from the beginning to get acquainted with the secrets of the surrounding universe, especially the world of the sky with all its components. The sky is responsible for the implementation mechanism of the cosmic system by determining the field that the sun, moon and stars cross daily. She represents the divine mother who is tender to all creatures, as his Lord embodied the sky in the form of a female animal in the form of a lady or the cow of the sky, either in the Greek and Roman eras, the earth gave birth to Gaya, what he saw in it, the star-studded dome, the sky Uranus, and the sky became the seat of the gods.

Cosmic History has witnessed the lives and deaths of multiple generations of massive stars, all of them invigorating their host galaxies with ionizing photons, kinetic energy, fresh material and stellar-mass black holes. Ubiquitous engines as they are, Astrophysics needs a good understanding of their formation, evolution, properties and yields throughout the history of the Universe, and with decreasing metal content mimicking the environment at the earliest epochs. Ultimately, a physical model that could be extrapolated to zero metallicity would enable tackling long-standing questions such as "What did the First, very massive stars of the Universe look like?" or "What was their role in the re-ionization of the Universe?". Yet, most our knowledge of metal-poor massive stars is drawn from one single point in metallicity. Massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, $\sim 1/5 Z_{\odot}$) currently serve as templates for low-metallicity objects in the early Universe, even though significant differences with respect to massive stars with poorer metal content have been reported. This White Paper summarizes the current knowledge on extremely (sub-SMC) metal poor massive stars, highlighting the most outstanding open questions and the need to supersede the SMC as standard. A new paradigm can be built from nearby extremely metal-poor galaxies that make a new metallicity ladder, but massive stars in these galaxies are out of reach to current observational facilities. Such task would require an L-size mission, consisting of a 10m-class space telescope operating in the optical and the ultraviolet ranges. Alternatively, we propose that ESA unites efforts with NASA to make the LUVOIR mission concept a reality, thus continuing the successful partnership that made Hubble Space Telescope one of the greatest observatories of all time., Comment: A white paper submitted for the Voyage 2050 long-term plan in the ESA Science Programme. 21 pages, 1 table, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1903.05235

The subject of this paper is to build a physical model describing shape and size correlations of galaxies due to weak gravitational lensing and due to direct tidal interaction of elliptical galaxies with gravitational fields sourced by the cosmic large-scale structure. Setting up a linear intrinsic alignment model for elliptical galaxies which parameterises the reaction of the galaxy to an external tidal shear field is controlled by the velocity dispersion, we predict intrinsic correlations and cross-correlations with weak lensing for both shapes and sizes, juxtaposing both types of spectra with lensing. We quantify the observability of the intrinsic shape and size correlations and estimate with the Fisher-formalism how well the alignment parameter can be determined from the Euclid weak lensing survey. Specifically, we find a contamination of the weak lensing convergence spectra with an intrinsic size correlation amounting to up to 10% over a wide multipole range $\ell=100\ldots300$, with a corresponding cross-correlation exhibiting a sign change, similar to the cross-correlation between weak lensing shear and intrinsic shapes. A determination of the alignment parameter yields a precision of a few percent forecasted for Euclid, and we show that all shape and many size correlations should be measurable with Euclid., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures

The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 1015 electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons—cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays1. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref. 2). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane3–6, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators. Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

We present the main sequence for all galaxies and star-forming galaxies for a sample of 28,469 massive ($M_\star \ge 10^{11}$M$_\odot$) galaxies at cosmic noon ($1.5 < z < 3.0$), uniformly selected from a 17.5 deg$^2$ area (0.33 Gpc$^3$ comoving volume at these redshifts). Our large sample allows for a novel approach to investigating the galaxy main sequence that has not been accessible to previous studies. We measure the main sequence in small mass bins in the SFR-M$_{\star}$ plane without assuming a functional form for the main sequence. With a large sample of galaxies in each mass bin, we isolate star-forming galaxies by locating the transition between the star-forming and green valley populations in the SFR-M$_{\star}$ plane. This approach eliminates the need for arbitrarily defined fixed cutoffs when isolating the star-forming galaxy population, which often biases measurements of the scatter around the star-forming galaxy main sequence. We find that the main sequence for all galaxies becomes increasingly flat towards present day at the high-mass end, while the star-forming galaxy main sequence does not. We attribute this difference to the increasing fraction of the collective green valley and quiescent galaxy population from $z=3.0$ to $z=1.5$. Additionally, we measure the total scatter around the star-forming galaxy main sequence and find that it is $\sim0.5-1.0$ dex with little evolution as a function of mass or redshift. We discuss the implications that these results have for pinpointing the physical processes driving massive galaxy evolution., 16 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

We present catalogues of stellar masses, star formation rates, and ancillary stellar population parameters for galaxies spanning $02.6$, we see evidence of a bend in the relation at low redshifts ($z, Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 28 pages, 20 figures

This paper examines the astronomical theory of ice ages of James Croll (1821–1890), its influence on contemporaries John Tyndall, Charles Lyell, and Charles Darwin, and the subsequent development of climate change science, giving special attention to the work of Svante Arrhenius, Nils Ekholm, and G. S. Callendar (for the carbon dioxide theory), and Milutin Milanković (for the astronomical theory). Croll's insight that the orbital elements triggered feedbacks leading to complex changes – in seasonality, ocean currents, ice sheets, radiative forcing, plant and animal life, and climate in general – placed his theory of the Glacial Epoch at the nexus of astronomy, terrestrial physics, and geology. He referred to climate change as the most important problem in terrestrial physics, and the one which will ultimately prove the most far reaching in its consequences. He was an autodidact deeply involved in philosophy and an early proponent of what came to be called ‘cosmic physics’ – later known as ‘Earth-system science.’ Croll opened up new dimensions of the ‘climate controversy’ that continue today in the interplay of geological and human influences on climate.

Analysis of neutral hydrogen $\lambda 21$ -cm profiles at high northern and southern Galactic latitudes reveals unexpected properties, connects unanticipated associations, and confirms the fundamental parameters of the interstellar medium. Gaussian decomposition of profiles from the second data release of the Galactic Arecibo $L$ -Band Feed Array (GALFA) confirms earlier results of a pervasive component with a linewidth of order 34 km s−1, consistent with the critical ionization velocity (CIV) of helium. The ratio of the column density of this component to the entire profile is proportional to the interstellar helium abundance. The results are comparable to the accepted value of the cosmic abundance, 0.085, in the southern Galactic hemisphere, but different for directions in the northern Galactic hemisphere. Normalizing to the cosmic abundance allows us to estimate how much HI is “missing” from the $\lambda 21$ -cm observations in the northern sky, confirming an asymmetry that has been known for decades. These CIV results also predict the volume density of interstellar electrons along different lines of site, which match values derived from pulsar dispersion measures and $\text{H}\alpha $ observations. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that interstellar $\lambda 21$ -cm HI profile linewidths are modulated by the CIV plasma phenomenon.

Statistical methods are frequently built upon assumptions that limit their applicability to certain problems and conditions. Failure to recognize these limitations can lead to conclusions that may be inaccurate or biased. An example of such methods is the non-parametric Efron–Petrosian test statistic used in the studies of truncated data. We argue and show how the inappropriate use of this statistical method can lead to biased conclusions when the assumptions under which the method is valid do not hold. We do so by reinvestigating the evidence recently provided by multiple independent reports on the evolution of the luminosity/energetics distribution of cosmological Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) with redshift. We show that the effects of detection threshold have been likely significantly underestimated in the majority of previous studies. This underestimation of detection threshold leads to severely incomplete LGRB samples that exhibit strong apparent luminosity-redshift or energetics-redshift correlations. We further confirm our findings by performing extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the cosmic rates and the luminosity/energy distributions of LGRBs and their detection process.

We investigate the recently proposed holographic dark energy models with the apparent horizon as the IR cutoff by assuming Kaniadakis and generalized Tsallis entropies in the fractal universe. The implications of these models are discussed for both the interacting ( Γ = 3 H b 2 ρ m ) and noninteracting ( b 2 = 0 ) cases through different cosmological parameters. Accelerated expansion of the universe is justified for both models through deceleration parameter q . In this way, the equation of state parameter ω d describes the phantom and quintessence phases of the universe. However, the coincidence parameter r ~ = Ω m / Ω d shows the dark energy- and dark matter-dominated eras for different values of parameters. It is also mentioned here that the squared speed of sound gives the stability of the model except for the interacting case of the generalized Tsallis holographic dark energy model. It is mentioned here that the current dark energy models at the apparent horizon give consistent results with recent observations.

In the early 2030s, after the end of operations for the epochal Hubble Space Telescope and the long-anticipated James Webb Space Telescope, astrophysics will lose access to a general purpose high-spatial resolution space observatory to cover the UV–optical–NIR wavelength range with a variety of imaging bandpasses and high-multiplexing mid-resolution spectroscopy. This will greatly impact astrophysical “discovery space” at visible wavelengths, in stark contrast to progress at most other wavelengths enabled by groundbreaking new facilities between 2010 and 2030. This capability gap will foreseeably limit progress in a number of fundamental research directions anticipated to be pressing in the 2030’s and beyond such as: What are the histories of star formation and cosmic element production in nearby galaxies? What can we learn about the nature of dark matter from dwarf galaxies? What is the local value of the Hubble Constant? A multi-purpose optical–NIR imaging and multiplexed spectroscopy Workhorse Camera (HWC) onboard NASA’s 4m-class Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) space mission would provide access to these required data. HabEx is currently under study by NASA for the US Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020, and if selected would launch around 2035. Aside from its direct imaging of Earth-like exoplanets, it will have a general-observatory complement of instrumentation. The versatile Workhorse Camera will provide imaging and R$\sim $ ∼ 1000 spectroscopy from 370nm to 1800nm, diffraction-limited over the whole wavelength range, with simultaneous observations of the visible and NIR. Spectroscopic multiplexing will be achieved through microshutter arrays. All necessary HWC technology is already at Technology Readiness Level 5, hence technological risks are low. HWC has a rough-order-of-magnitude (ROM) cost of 300 M€, and could be European-funded within the cost envelope of an ESA S-class mission in the Voyage 2050 program, with matching funds by national funding agencies to construct HWC by a European instrument consortium. This White Paper is intended to put a European HabEx Workhorse Camera into ESA’s considerations. If ESA shares the wide interest and if HabEx were to be selected by NASA, there would be ample time to identify interested institutes for a European instrument consortium, including MPIA, to design, finance, and build the HabEx Workhorse Camera.

Dust grains play a central role in the physics and chemistry of cosmic environments. They influence the optical and thermal properties of the medium due to their interaction with stellar radiation;...

We examine the evolution of peculiar velocities of cold dark matter (CDM) in localized arrays of inhomogeneous cosmic structures in a $\Lambda$CDM background that can be identified as a frame comoving with the Cosmic Microwave (CMB). These arrays are constructed by smoothly matching to this cosmological background regions of Szekeres-II models whose source is an imperfect fluid reinterpreted as non-comoving dust, keeping only first order terms in $v/c$. Considering a single Szekeres-II region matched along two comoving interfaces to a $\Lambda$CDM background, the magnitudes of peculiar velocities within this region are compatible with values reported in the literature, while the present day Hubble expansion scalar differs from that of the $\Lambda$CDM background value by a 10\% factor, a result that might provide useful information to the ongoing debate on the $H_0$ tension. While the models cannot describe the virialization process, we show through a representative example that structures of galactic cluster mass reach the onset of this process at redshifts around $z\sim 3$., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures

In The Tree of Life, Terrence Malick presents Jack O’Brien’s attempts to come to terms with his past. The most traumatic experience in his past is his brother’s death which gives not only Jack but also other members of the family a great agony. Similarly, Miracles from Heaven deals with affliction. Inspired by a true story, Patricia Riggen dives into the lives of the Beams projecting both physical and psychological agony since the 10-year-old daughter Anna (Annabel) suffers from a deathly illness. Even though Anna is miraculously healed in the end by divine intervention, both films interrogate death and suffering as a process that threatens the meaningful order of a cosmos ruled by an almighty powerful transcendental creator. Pondering on especially the term theodicy as a theoretical framework, this paper elucidates how these two films deal with the problem of suffering in which humanity loses touch with a meaningful cosmos and how they offer spiritual solutions to this problem by engaging in cosmic voyages., Hayat Ağacı (The Tree of Life) adlı filmde, Malick Jack O’Brien’ın geçmişi ile uzlaşma çabalarını sergiler. Geçmişindeki en sarsıcı deneyim sadece Jack’e değil ailenin bütün bireylerine büyük bir acı veren kardeşinin ölümüdür. Benzer bir şekilde, Cennetten Mucizeler (Miracles from Heaven) filmi de acı ile ilgilenmektedir. Patricia Riggen, gerçek bir hikayeden esinlenerek, 10 yaşındaki kızları Anna (Annabel) ölümcül bir hastalıkla boğuşan Beams ailesinin hayatlarını hem fiziksel hem psikolojik acıyı yansıtarak sergiler. Anna ilahi bir müdahale ile mucizevi bir şekilde iyileşse de, her iki film de ulu, güçlü, aşkın bir yaratıcı tarafından hükmedilen bir kozmosun anlamlı düzenini tehdit eden bir süreç olarak ölümü ve acı çekmeyi sorgular. Özellikle teodise kavramını teorik çerçeve olarak düşünerek, bu çalışma bu iki filmin insanların anlamlı bir kozmos ile temaslarını yitirdikleri acı çekme problemini nasıl ele aldıklarını ve kozmik yolculuklar sergileyerek nasıl bu probleme ruhani çözümler önerdiklerini açıklamaktadır.

The author starts from the obvious statement that no one knows everything about everything and that we can have only partial knowledge of any limited study of reality, although, when it comes to religion, many still claim to know everything they need to know. Since people cannot know everything, dialogue is necessary, because through a conversation with another, a person learns what he cannot notice from his place and with his personal lenses of knowledge. Dialogue is not just a way to get more information: Dialogue is a whole new way of thinking! Dialogue in its broadest sense is at the very heart of the cosmos, that is, the very essence of the cosmos and our humanity is dialogical, and fulfilled human life is the highest expression of the Cosmic Dance of Dialogue. Therefore, the author emphasizes, we humans today have an obvious choice: dialogue or death! The text points out that there are three main dimensions of dialogue, which correspond to the structure of humanity: The dialogue of the head, hands and heart in the holistic harmony of the holy man. In the dialogue of the head we reach out to those who think differently from us to understand how they see the world and the reason for their behavior. The world is too complicated for anyone to figure it out on their own. In hand dialogue, we team up with others to make the world a better place where we all need to live together. In the dialogue of the heart we open ourselves to perceive/receive the beauty of the other. The author concludes that people cannot live divided. If they want to survive, and even flourish, they must not only dance individually the dialogues of head, hand, and heart but also bring together the various parts in harmony.