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A controversial innovation within the rapidly expanding field of teacher education is the relocation of teacher preparation to new graduate schools of education (nGSEs), which are not university based but are state authorized and approved as institutions of higher education to prepare teachers, endorse them for initial teacher certification, and grant master's degrees. Despite media attention and both public and private funding, however, there is little empirical research about the phenomenon of teacher preparation at nGSEs based on access to actual programs, participants, materials, and institutional records. This article is the first in a planned series that draws on a Spencer Foundation-funded study of teacher preparation at nGSEs to introduce the phenomenon. It has three purposes: to situate the emergence of teacher preparation at nGSEs within larger professional, policy, and political contexts; to define and clarify the characteristics of teacher preparation at nGSEs and identify its institutional domain; and to present a field- and theory-informed analytic framework for studying teacher preparation at nGSEs.

"[T]he persons to be inspected should always feel themselves as if under inspection.., for the greatest proportion of time possible, each man should actually be under inspection." --Jeremy Bentham, The [...]

Background: Pragmatic trials of empirically-supported behavior therapies may inform clinical and policy decisions concerning therapy sustainment. This retrospective trial design paper describes and discusses pragmatic features of a hybrid type III implementation/effectiveness trial of a contingency management (CM) intervention at an opioid treatment program. Prior reporting (Hartzler et al., J Subst Abuse Treat 46:429-438, 2014; Hartzler, Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 10:30, 2015) notes success in recruiting program staff for voluntary participation, durable impacts of CM training on staff-level outcomes, provisional setting implementation of the intervention, documentation of clinical effectiveness, and post-trial sustainment of CM. Methods/design: Six pragmatic design features, and both scientific and practical bases for their inclusion in the trial, are presented: (1) a collaborative intervention design process, (2) voluntary recruitment of program staff for therapy training and implementation, (3) serial training outcome assessments, with quasi-experimental staff randomization to either single or multiple baseline assessment conditions, (4) designation of a 90-day period immediately after training in which the setting implemented the intervention on a provisional basis, (5) inclusive patient eligibility for receipt of the CM intervention, and (6) designation of two staff as local implementation leaders to oversee clinical/administrative issues in provisional implementation. Discussion: Each pragmatic trial design feature is argued to have contributed to sustainment of CM. Contributions implicate the building of setting proprietorship for the CM intervention, culling of internal staff expertise in its delivery, iterative use of assessment methods that limited setting burden, documentation of setting-specific clinical effectiveness, expanded penetration of CM among staff during provisional implementation, and promotion of setting self-reliance in the oversight of sustainable implementation procedures. It is hoped this discussion offers ideas for how to impact local clinical and policy decisions via effective behavior therapy dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on media war in Venezuela and discusses President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez government's position supporting media regulations like banning violent photos. It describes two main objectives justifying media regulation in Venezuela including protection of children and preservation of national security. It reflects on the role of media regulation in Venezuela from the perspective of Chávez's opposition.