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Purpose: The study's general purpose was to identify the extent of leadership and management practices at Indonesia's Islamic Boarding Schools ("pesantren") in ensuring the sustainability of education and school management. In particular, the study aimed to investigate the leadership practice patterns of an Islamic Boarding School in the East Java Province of Indonesia and examine teachers' roles in the administration of the institution. Methodology: The study used a quantitative research design supported by cross-sectional statistical procedures and processes with an experimental approach to test variables, by investigating the relationship and testing the hypotheses. A theoretical model was designed for this purpose. Findings: Findings suggest that though "pesantren" leadership practices are acceptable in policy, social support, and financial dimensions but they still lack structural and teaching aspects. Statistically, there was an indication that "pesantren" leadership positively and significantly influence the relationship between teachers, school facilities, system, and student achievement. The study recommends that rleaders should be given more opportunities of training in administration and governance. The government should also assist "pesantren" by providing technical facilities to ensure a consistent student achievement. Implications to Research and Practice. This study succeeds in reiterating that "pesantren" as Islamic boarding schools have a unique management system, which has produced top religious leaders different from the secular school system. This study has revealed that principals or leaders in these "pesantren" have no authority to decide on school policies. It is hoped that this study will draw the attention of the officials and authorities to provide facilities and empowerment to ensure the sustainability of these boarding schools.

Tambakrejo Beach in Blitar Regency is classified as an area that is very vulnerable to tsunami catastrophes. Many researchers have conducted studies on regions impacted by the tsunami. However, more studies into the link between the outcomes of social and spatial studies still need to be carried out because these are two different perspectives with different parameters and variables. The novel approach in this research involves delineating tsunami-affected areas and assessing population capacity in coastal regions. The hazard maps and livelihood asset variables using grid cells of a specific size have been used to identify risk levels. The grid cells used are 50 m 2 × 50 m² so that they are expected to represent the minor units on the face of the earth, such as buildings, assets, property or land parcels, for capacity assessments or measuring the level of threat to disasters and are no longer based on regional administrative boundaries., Contribution: The research results show that using grid cells to analyse areas affected by the tsunami can provide excellent and informative results. Research findings at the research location regarding community preparedness in facing tsunamis show that communities at risk of being affected by the tsunami need to increase their capacity because the majority of communities in coastal areas, especially in the Sidorejo sub-village, have been identified as having low capacity according to several livelihood asset parameters such as financial capital in income. By increasing individual capacity, it is hoped that society will be able to avoid the threat of tsunami waves better., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article., (© 2024. The Authors.)