Two-dimensional (2-D) spectra of the streamwise velocity component, measured at friction Reynolds numbers ranging from 2400 to 26000, are used to refine a model for the logarithmic region of turbulent boundary layers. Here, we focus on the attached eddy model (AEM). The conventional AEM assumes the boundary layer to be populated with hierarchies of self-similar wall-attached ($Type\,A$) eddies alone. While $Type\,A$ eddies represent the dominant energetic large-scale motions at high Reynolds numbers, the scales that are not represented by such eddies are observed to carry a significant proportion of the total kinetic energy. Therefore, in the present study, we propose an extended AEM that incorporates two additional representative eddies. These eddies, named $Type\,C_A$ and $Type\,SS$, represent the self-similar but wall-incoherent low-Reynolds number features, and the non-self-similar wall-coherent superstructures, respectively. The extended AEM is shown to better predict a greater range of energetic length scales and capture the low- and high-Reynolds number scaling trends in the 2-D spectra of all three velocity components. A discussion on spectral self-similarity and the associated $k^{-1}$ scaling law is also presented., Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures
Chandran D. Ravi, Kumar M. Muthu, Muruganantham S., Thiyagarajan V., Ashoksri S., and Sibindharan S.
Subjects
energy management, model predictive control, optimization, electrical vehicle, photovoltaic, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with an energy management system (EMS) were suggested in this research that consists of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) charging station (CS) equipped with battery energy storage. The primary aim of this energy management system was to regulate the amount of energy sent to the electric vehicle (EV) while taking into account the cost and carbon dioxide emissions caused in grid connection. Consequently, our research offered a two-stage optimization process with multiple objectives to lessen the financial and ecological footprint of the charging station. An energy schedule was generated in the first optimization stage by considering factor of grid CO2 emissions on an hourly basis, the PV forecast, the power cost with the BESS initial state of charge (SoC). The maximum power that the grid was allowed to deliver the EV was the same as the output from this first stage. The second optimization step employed, model predictive control (MPC) to regulate the flow of energy among BESS, the PV, and the grid. An operational Photo Voltaic/BESS charging station used to validate the proposed EMS. The new EMS was then used to evaluate the charging station’s efficiency in this research for one month of data, taking three main aspects into consideration: environmental, economic, and energy. The optimization results suggest that the new energy profile ensures a 36% drop in emissions and a 33% drop in energy cost.
Chandran, D., Inada, N., Hather, G., Kleindt, C. K, and Wildermuth, M. C
Subjects
BRII recipient: Wildermuth (hybrid)
Abstract
To elucidate host processes and components required for the sustained growth and reproduction of the obligate biotrophic fungus Golovinomyces orontii on Arabidopsis thaliana, laser microdissection was used to isolate cells at the site of infection at 5 days postinfection for downstream global Arabidopsis expression profiling. Site-specific profiling increased sensitivity dramatically, allowing us to identify specific host processes, process components, and their putative regulators hidden in previous whole-leaf global expression analyses. For example, 67 transcription factors exhibited altered expression at the powdery mildew (PM) infection site, with subsets of these playing known or inferred roles in photosynthesis, cold/dehydration responses, defense, auxin signaling, and the cell cycle. Using integrated informatics analyses, we constructed putative regulatory networks for a subset of these processes and provided strong support for host cell cycle modulation at the PM infection site. Further experimentation revealed induced host endoreduplication occurred exclusively at the infection site and led us to identify MYB3R4 as a transcriptional regulator of this process. Induced endoreduplication was abrogated in myb3r4 mutants, and G. orontii growth and reproduction were reduced. This suggests that, by increasing gene copy number, localized endoreduplication serves as a mechanism to meet the enhanced metabolic demands imposed by the fungus, which acquires all its nutrients from the plant host.
Phung, VD, Hawryszkiewycz, I, Chandran, D, and Ha, BM
Abstract
This study aims to examine the influence of environmental and personal factors on knowledge-sharing behaviour (KSB) and whether more leads to superior innovative work behaviour (IWB) at tertiary level in Vietnam. Our case is Hanoi University (HANU), one of the Leading Public Universities in Vietnam. This study applies the structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate the research model based on social cognitive theory. Based on a survey of 320 academic staff at HANU, the results show that two environmental factors (subjective norm, trust) and three personal factors (knowledge self-efficacy, enjoyment in helping others, and reciprocity) significantly influence KSB. The results also indicate that employee willingness to share knowledge enable the organisation to promote IWB. It is hoped that academic staff and university leaders from other countries may find the case study useful for deeper understanding of the effects of social influences, personal perceptions and KSB on IBW in the future.
The article describes the case of a 65-year-old female with bleeding superficial lower limb varicosities and was referred to a vascular unit for definitive treatment. Topics discussed include finding on clinical examination, the patient's diagnosis of varicosities secondary to severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and effectiveness of sclerotherapy to chemically ablate a relatively short segment of the vein to manage the local symptoms/complications.
Technology revolution in recent years has increased the demand for the provision of e-learning. However, academic staff lack the knowledge-sharing attitude in e-learning communities. The aim of this research is to investigate the various factors of knowledge-sharing adoption for e-learning communities in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, a framework aimed at sharing knowledge within the e-learning communities is developed. Data has been collected from public universities in Saudi Arabia. Partial Least Square approach has been applied to analyse the data. The results shows knowledge-sharing individual factors (such as openness in communication, interpersonal trust), technology acceptance factors (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) significantly influence knowledge-sharing attitude while the relationship between people self-motivation and knowledge-sharing attitude is insignificant. Among other factors, subjective norm and attitude significantly impact behavioural intention toward knowledgesharing adoption in Saudi universities' e-learning communities.
The importance of entrepreneurship has been increasingly acknowledged as a source of growth, and national economic development. Recently, women entrepreneurship has been a topic of concern and interest for scholars and researchers. Also, it has been a considerable matter for public policies and government strategies. There are many entrepreneurship initiatives that have been made by the government of Saudi Arabia to enhance contributions of women to the workforce and economic sector, as their role has been non-existent for a long period of time. However, women involvement in these initiatives is nascent with a limited entrepreneurship rate. This study focuses on identifying social factors that have influenced women entrepreneurship. Saudi women to become entrepreneurs from within the context of technology in the literature of entrepreneurship have not existed. Therefore, the present study aims to fill that gap of knowledge and contribute substantially to understand technology-based entrepreneurship within the context of Saudi women.
Knowledge sharing is a significant component of success in knowledge management. In most organisations, knowledge management is often lacking when it comes to knowledge sharing adoption, especially between academic staffs who work in Saudi universities. This paper investigates factors affecting knowledge-sharing adoption among academics in Saudi e-learning communities. A model that will affect the process of knowledge sharing within the e-learning community is proposed. Hypotheses have been developed. Data has been collected in Saudi public universities. Partial Least Square approach has been applied to analyse the data. The findings provide key factors affecting knowledge-sharing adoption among academic staff.
Ali Aljaafreh, Al-Ani, A., Aljaafreh, R., and Chandran, D.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a unified model of initial trust for the adoption of internet banking services (IBS) in developing countries. In particular, three groups of factors have been investigated: trust literature, diffusion of innovation theory, and national culture, in order to reveal their effect on forming a customer's initial trust in IBS. We collected data using a survey and then analysed it using structural equation modelling. According to the obtained results, initial trust in internet banking services was significantly affected by: (i) factors obtained from the trust literature, which are disposition to trust, organisational structural assurance, and reputation. (ii) Relative advantages, which was adopted from the diffusion of innovation theory. (iii) Uncertainty avoidance, which is a dimension of national culture. Also, analysis of results showed a high impact of initial trust in IBS on the intention to use it. However, unlike developed countries, we found that some factors not to have noticeable influence on initial trust in IBS, such as: technical structural assurance and individualism versus collectivism.
Education is to be affordable and reachable to the learners at an affordable cost. An E-learning platform based on open standards with minimum initial cost of investment, will be able to educate people to achieve knowledge based economy. The current E-learning platforms require high initial cost on the infrastructure and software applications. Adoption of cloud computing can help the educational institutions in developing countries to reduce expenditure on infrastructure, software and human resources to a considerable extent. The author focuses on the higher education programs in India and suggests a framework for access along with equity and excellence. The paper also discusses the advantages of adopting cloud computing for educational institutions and suggests how institutions could migrate to the cloud.
E-Learning and Knowledge management are crucial for organizations due to the massive amount of knowledge that now exists within and outside an organization. This Paper analyses the current relationship between e-learning, knowledge management and Net-Generation. It identifies some of the future trends in designing effective E-Learning communities; and possible areas for improvement implementation through IT innovations in Saudi Arabia.
Information Systems Development Methodologies, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION
Abstract
The current educational system is demand driven. Students need to be trained with relevant skillswhich will help them to connect to jobs. There is a need for educational reform to achieve certainlevel of attainment. The delivery of courses online is becoming common with many educationalinstitutions. Adoption of social media has changed the learning pattern of students. The current elearningmodel needs to be changed to incorporate new technological developments. Though thedelivery of courses on line is becoming popular, from the learners' point of view, the curriculum in elearningmust help in developing the required training needs for specific job skills. Need arises toidentify skills and qualifications required for jobs in the new economy. In this paper, the authorsdiscuss e-learning based on industry needs using emerging technologies such as mobile, cloud andbusiness process management (BPM) tools. It further discusses the adoption of technologicalinnovation, and how BPM tools can give more flexibility to change the delivery model, in turnchange the learning pattern of students. A delivery model integrated with BPM tools is proposed.
Over the past few years a dramatic increase in the use of Social networking websites, to the point in which it is considered unusually to not be part of one (or more) of them. Rather than attempt to explore a very specific section of social networking websites, I chose to look at some of the issues which have received some review over the past few years, and highlight some of the communication issues that result from the increased use of these websites. For this study, MySpace, Facebook and Friendster have been considered. Importance has been given to areas such as impression management, user profile, disclosure of personal information and role of these sites during the time of crisis. The paper suggests future areas of research.
Kaur, M., primary, Chandran, D., additional, Lal, C., additional, Bhowmik, D., additional, Jaryal, A. K., additional, Deepak, K. K., additional, and Agarwal, S. K., additional
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O is the most predominant among the endemic serotypes in India. A stable, full-length cDNA clone of FMDV type O1 BFS 1860 preceded by a bacteriophage T7 polymerase promoter was assembled in a plasmid vector pGEMR-7Zf(-). An ~8.2 kb PCR product was amplified from the cDNA clone and a full-length RNA was generated from it by in vitro transcription. Transfection of BHK-21 cells with the in vitro transcripts resulted in the production of infectious recombinant FMDV particles as evidenced by cytopathic effects (CPE). Further, characterization of the recombinant virus by immunofluorescence, microneutralization test (MNT), antigen ELISA, RT-PCR, plaque assay and electron microscopy revealed similarity to the parental strain. The immunogenicity of an oil-adjuvant vaccine prepared using the inactivated recombinant virus was tested in guinea pigs and cattle. Neutralizing antibodies were produced in both vaccinated guinea pigs and cattle. Vaccinated animals were protected on challenge. The results demonstrated that the recombinant virus was as stable and effective as the parental strain for the preparation of inactivated vaccine, suggesting the potential application of this strategy to make genetically engineered FMDV vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Saikat Mitra, Rajib Das, Talha Bin Emran, Rafiuddin Khan Labib, null Noor-E-Tabassum, Fahadul Islam, Rohit Sharma, Islamudin Ahmad, Firzan Nainu, Kumarappan Chidambaram, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Deepak Chandran, Raffaele Capasso, Polrat Wilairatana, Mitra, S., Das, R., Emran, T. B., Labib, R. K., Noor-E-Tabassum, Islam, F., Sharma, R., Ahmad, I., Nainu, F., Chidambaram, K., Alhumaydhi, F. A., Chandran, D., Capasso, R., and Wilairatana, P.
Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by the uncontrolled division of cells, which culminates in a solid mass of cells known as a tumor or liquid cancer. It is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the number of cancer patients has been increasing at an alarming rate, with an estimated 20 million cases expected by 2030. Thus, the use of complementary or alternative therapeutic techniques that can help prevent cancer has been the subject of increased attention. Garlic, the most widely used plant medicinal product, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, hypo-lipidemic, antithrombotic, and anticancer effects. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound contained within garlic. Recently, several experimental studies have demonstrated that DADS exhibits anti-tumor activity against many types of tumor cells, including gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer), hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma), lung cancer, neural cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer), hepatocellular cancer cell line, etc. The mechanisms behind the anticancer action of DADS include epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration. This article aims to review the available information regarding the anti-cancer potential of DADS, as well as summarize its mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics from published clinical and toxicity studies.
Tularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, Francisella tularensis, is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European and Asian countries. Naturally, the disease occurs in several vertebrates, particularly lagomorphs. Type A (subspecies tularensis ) is more virulent and causes disease mainly in North America; type B (subspecies holarctica ) is widespread, while subspecies mediasiatica is present in central Asia. F. tularensis is a possible bioweapon due to its lethality, low infectious dosage, and aerosol transmission. Small mammals like rabbits, hares, and muskrats are primary sources of human infections, but true reservoir of F. tularensis is unknown. Vector-borne tularemia primarily involves ticks and mosquitoes. The bacterial subspecies involved and mode of transmission determine the clinical picture. Early signs are flu-like illnesses that may evolve into different clinical forms of tularemia that may or may not include lymphadenopathy. Ulcero-glandular and glandular forms are acquired by arthropod bite or handling of infected animals, oculo-glandular form as a result of conjunctival infection, and oro-pharyngeal form by intake of contaminated food or water. Pulmonary form appears after inhalation of bacteria. Typhoidal form may occur after infection via different routes. Human-to-human transmission has not been known. Diagnosis can be achieved by serology, bacterial culture, and molecular methods. Treatment for tularemia typically entails use of quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides. Preventive measures are necessary to avoid infection although difficult to implement. Research is underway for the development of effective live attenuated and subunit vaccines.