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Intraplate volcanism provides remarkable insight into diverse sources in the mantle because its source can be quite shallow, or as deep as the core-mantle boundary, and its origin can be as diverse as recycled crustal material or undifferentiated mantle. While geophysical approaches can in some cases locate the source of magmas, a geochemical approach is necessary to characterize both the nature of the source and the way it melts to produce the erupted lavas. Here we present geochemical and isotopic data obtained on a new submarine volcano (Fani Maoré) that was discovered in 2019 next to Mayotte Island in the Comoros. The radiogenic isotope data are remarkably uniform at subdued values intermediate between HIMU and EM1 compositions but trace element contents are unusual with a marked enrichment in Ba (Ba/Th ≈ 370 compared with the ocean island basalt (OIB) average of 100) and depletion in Pb (Ce/Pb ≈ 70 versus 25 for average OIB). This unique data set suggests that the basanites formed by melting of a carbonated mantle source that was highly enriched in Ba and volatiles. A similar source is also present under the East African Rift where contemporaneous basanite and carbonatite eruptions are known. This establishes a possible link between the volcanic activity of the Comoros and the East African Rift zone. More generally, it demonstrates that carbonated sources are more common in the mantle than previously thought and can be traced using trace element geochemistry. Other volcanoes in the world carry similar characteristics and we suggest that carbonated mantle sources explain the geochemical peculiarities of not only Fani Maoré in the Comoros but also those of Cape Verde volcanics and more generally those of many HIMU-like OIBs, in particular the so-called ‘young HIMU’ OIBs.

Speech perception is mediated by both left and right auditory cortices but with differential sensitivity to specific acoustic information contained in the speech signal. A detailed description of this functional asymmetry is missing, and the underlying models are widely debated. We analyzed cortical responses from 96 epilepsy patients with electrode implantation in left or right primary, secondary, and/or association auditory cortex (AAC). We presented short acoustic transients to noninvasively estimate the dynamical properties of multiple functional regions along the auditory cortical hierarchy. We show remarkably similar bimodal spectral response profiles in left and right primary and secondary regions, with evoked activity composed of dynamics in the theta (around 4–8 Hz) and beta–gamma (around 15–40 Hz) ranges. Beyond these first cortical levels of auditory processing, a hemispheric asymmetry emerged, with delta and beta band (3/15 Hz) responsivity prevailing in the right hemisphere and theta and gamma band (6/40 Hz) activity prevailing in the left. This asymmetry is also present during syllables presentation, but the evoked responses in AAC are more heterogeneous, with the co-occurrence of alpha (around 10 Hz) and gamma (>25 Hz) activity bilaterally. These intracranial data provide a more fine-grained and nuanced characterization of cortical auditory processing in the 2 hemispheres, shedding light on the neural dynamics that potentially shape auditory and speech processing at different levels of the cortical hierarchy.

A new olivine reference material – MongOL Sh11‐2 – for in situ analysis has been prepared from a central portion of a large (20 cm × 20 cm × 10 cm) mantle peridotite xenolith from a ~ 0.5 Ma old basaltic breccia at Shavaryn‐Tsaram, Tariat region, central Mongolia. The xenolith is a fertile mantle lherzolite with minimal signs of alteration. Approximately 10 g of 0.5 to 2 mm gem quality olivine fragments were separated under binocular microscope and analysed by EPMA, LA‐ICP‐MS, SIMS and bulk analytical methods (ID ICP‐MS for Mg and Fe, XRF, ICP‐MS) for major, minor and trace elements at six institutions worldwide. The results show that the olivine fragments are sufficiently homogeneous with respect to major (Mg, Fe, Si) and minor and trace elements. Significant inhomogeneity was revealed only for phosphorus (homogeneity index of 12.4), whereas Li, Na, Al, Sc, Ti and Cr show minor inhomogeneity (homogeneity index of 1–2). The presence of some mineral and fluid‐melt micro‐inclusions may be responsible for the inconsistency in mass fractions obtained by in situ and bulk analytical methods for Al, Cu, Sr, Zr, Ga, Dy and Ho. Here we report reference and information values for twenty‐seven major, minor and trace elements.

It is crucial to understand lateral differences in paleo-climate and weathering in order to fully understand the evolution of the Himalayan mountain belt. While many studies have focused on the western and central Himalaya, the eastern Himalaya remains poorly studied with regard to paleoclimate and past weathering history. Here we present a multi-proxy study on the Mio-Pliocene sedimentary foreland-basin section along the Kameng River in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India, in order to obtain better insight in the weathering history of the eastern Himalaya. We analyzed a continuous sedimentary record over the last 13 Ma. Heavy-mineral and petrography data give insight into diagenesis and provenance, showing that the older part of the section is influenced by diagenesis and that sediments were not only deposited by a large Trans-Himalayan river and the palaeo-Kameng river, but also by smaller local tributaries. By taking into account changes in diagenesis and provenance, results of clay mineralogy and major element analysis show an overall increase in weathering intensity over time, with a remarkable change between ~10 and ~8 Ma.

It is crucial to understand lateral differences in paleo-climate and weathering in order to fully understand the evolution of the Himalayan mountain belt. While many studies have focused on the western and central Himalaya, the eastern Himalaya remains poorly studied with regard to paleoclimate and past weathering history. Here we present a multi-proxy study on the Mio-Pliocene sedimentary foreland-basin section along the Kameng River in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India, in order to obtain better insight in the weathering history of the eastern Himalaya. We analyzed a continuous sedimentary record over the last 13 Ma. Heavy-mineral and petrography data give insight into diagenesis and provenance, showing that the older part of the section is influenced by diagenesis and that sediments were not only deposited by a large Trans-Himalayan river and the palaeo-Kameng river, but also by smaller local tributaries. By taking into account changes in diagenesis and provenance, results of clay mineralogy and major element analysis show an overall increase in weathering intensity over time, with a remarkable change between ~10 and ~8 Ma.

Study of the intellectual correlates of oral and written language in magnetoencephalography. The objective is to study the intellectual mechanisms which underlie the perception(collection) of word and the reading by means of the technique of magnetoencephalography (MEG). The purpose is to specify the role and the properties of activation of the various intellectual structures implied (involved) in the treatment (processing) of the language and to compare the dynamics of activation of the intellectual networks according to the sensory modality (method) of presentation (display) of the language (oral vs. written). A particular interest is concerned the interactions between oral and written language., Etude des corrélats cérébraux du langage oral et écrit en magnétoencéphalographie L'objectif est d'étudier les mécanismes cérébraux qui sous-tendent la perception de parole et la lecture à l'aide de la technique de magnétoencéphalographie (MEG). Le but est de spécifier le rôle et les propriétés d'activation des différentes structures cérébrales impliquées dans le traitement du langage et de comparer la dynamique d'activation des réseaux cérébraux selon la modalité sensorielle de présentation du langage (oral vs. écrit). Un intérêt particulier est porté sur les interactions entre langage oral et écrit., données brutes fonctionnels données brutes originales données brutes structurales

Traitement morphologique, orthographique et sémantique dans la lecture des étudiants dyslexiques mis en évidence avec la MEG, Morphological, orthographic and semantic processing in reading of dyslexic university students revealed by MEG, CAC (control age chronological) DYS

The Marquesas Island chain in Polynesia is quite unusual because the alignment of the islands on the Pacific oceanic plate (N40°W) does not follow the plate motion in the region (N65°W). The exact location of the active hotspot is unknown but has been predicted to underlie the Marquesas Fracture Zone Ridge. Nevertheless, no concrete evidence exists. Here, we document the occurrence on this ridge of fresh tephrites dated at ~ 92 ka by the 40Ar-39Ar method. The lavas dredged on a small seamount have trace element contents and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic compositions typical of the southwest Marquesas Islands, the Fatu Hiva group. This discovery demonstrates that the Marquesas plume is still active and it puts new constraints on its present location. It also supports McNutt et al.’s (1989) interpretation of the Marquesas Fracture Zone Ridge as a very young volcanic construction underlain by a hotspot. We suggest that the present location of the Marquesas plume is under the ridge, at its intersection with the isotopic divide known along the Marquesas chain. We attribute the presence of young volcanic products 190 km southwest of this location to preferential magma flow along the Marquesas Fracture lithospheric weakness zone. We also suggest that the puzzling general direction of the archipelago is the consequence of a persistent low magma flux over the past 5 Ma that could only find its way to the surface through multiple weak zones in the Pacific plate.

Traitement morphologique, orthographique et sémantique dans la lecture des étudiants dyslexiques mis en évidence avec la MEG, Morphological, orthographic and semantic processing in reading of dyslexic university students revealed by MEG, CAC (control age chronological) DYS

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published