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Agradecimentos: A.S.C. and A.A. gratefully acknowledge support from the Brazilian agencies CNPq and FAPESP under Grants No. 2010/16970-0, No. 2013/08293-7, No. 2015/26434-2, No. 2016/23891-6, No. 2017/26105-4, and No. 2019/26088-8. D.T.L. acknowledges funding from the STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials, NSF Grant No. DMR-1231319; NSF DMREF Award No. 1922172; and the Army Research Office under Cooperative Agreement No. W911NF-21-2-0147. The calculations were performed at CCJDR-IFGW-UNICAMP in Brazil Abstract: The record-breaking thermoelectric performance of tin selenide (SnSe) has motivated the investigation of analog compounds with the same structure. A promising candidate that emerged recently is germanium selenide (GeSe). Here, using extensive first-principles calculations of the hole-phonon and hole-impurity scattering, we investigate the thermoelectric transport properties of the orthorhombic phase of p-doped GeSe. We predict outstanding thermoelectric performance for GeSe over a broad range of temperatures due to its high Seebeck coefficients, extremely low Lorenz numbers, ultralow total thermal conductivity, and relatively large band gap. In particular, the out-of-plane direction in GeSe presents equivalent or even higher performance than SnSe for temperatures above 500 K. By extending the analysis to 900 K, we obtained an ultrahigh value for the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT = 3.2) at the optimal hole density of 4 x 10(19) cm(3). Our work provides strong motivation for continued experimental work focusing on improving the GeSe doping efficiency in order to achieve this optimal hole density CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Fechado

A qualidade de vida dos estudantes é diretamente afetada ao ingressar no ambiente acadêmico, devido à negligência aos cuidados a saúde, predispondo riscos como a obesidade. Desta forma, o objetivo principal do presente estudo foi identificar na literatura, artigos científicos, relacionados à qualidade de vida dos acadêmicos com o intuito de verificar e analisar os níveis de atividade física e o índice de massa corporal dos universitários. Os artigos foram selecionados nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS) e Cochrane. As três estratégias de buscas incluíram os descritores nos idiomas inglês e português: “estudantes universitários”, “acadêmicos” “índice de massa corporal”, “nível de atividade física” e “qualidade de vida”. A busca permitiu encontrar 16 artigos relacionados ao tema, nos quais se aplicou os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultando em 10 artigos, servindo de base para a elaboração desta revisão sistemática, o percurso de seleção dos artigos foram inseridos no fluxograma Prisma, em que os artigos selecionados após as fases de triagem e seleção, foram extraídos um total de nove parâmetros para serem reportados, incluindo autor, ano de publicação, título, objetivos, características da amostra, métodos adotados, testes/instrumentos utilizados, resultados obtidos e principais conclusões de cada estudo, distribuídos em três tabelas. Após resultados obtidos por meio dos métodos utilizados nas pesquisas, observou-se que os universitários, apresentaram um bom nível de atividade física e índice de massa corporal adequado, divergindo de estudos antigos nos quais o nível de sedentarismo e sobrepeso foi relativamente alto. A partir dos estudos realizados conclui-se que atualmente os estudantes universitários estão dentro do peso normal e ativo fisicamente diferente de estudos anteriores. É importante ressaltar que este estudo de revisão teve algumas limitações em sua construção, como a escassez de artigos sobre o tema desenvolvido e nos poucos selecionados observa-se uma não padronização de testes para verificação do nível de atividade física. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Agradecimentos: ASC and AA gratefully acknowledge support from the Brazilian agencies CNPq and FAPESP under Grants #2010/16970-0, #2013/08293-7, #2015/26434-2, #2016/23891-6, #2017/26105-4, and #2019/26088-8. JJM acknowledges funding by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (Spain and European Union) through Grant No. PGC2018-094763-B-I00, and by Junta de Extremadura (Spain) through Grant No. IB16013 (partially funded by FEDER). The calculations were performed at CCJDR-IFGW-UNICAMP in Brazil Abstract: Efficient ab initio computational methods for the calculation of the thermoelectric transport properties of materials are of great interest for energy harvesting technologies. The constant relaxation time approximation (CRTA) has been largely used to efficiently calculate thermoelectric coefficients. However, CRTA usually does not hold for real materials. Here we go beyond the CRTA by incorporating realistic k-dependent relaxation time models of the temperature dependence of the main scattering processes, namely, screened polar and nonpolar scattering by optical phonons, scattering by acoustic phonons, and scattering by ionized impurities with screening. Our relaxation time models are based on a smooth Fourier interpolation of Kohn-Sham eigenvalues and its derivatives, taking into account non-parabolicity (beyond the parabolic or Kane models), degeneracy and multiplicity of the energy bands on the same footing, within very low computational cost. In order to test our methodology, we calculated the anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties of the low temperature phase (Pnma) of intrinsic p-type and hole-doped tin selenide (SnSe). Our results are in quantitative agreement with experimental data, regarding the evolution of the anisotropic thermoelectric coefficients with both temperature and chemical potential. Hence, from this picture, we also obtained the evolution and understanding of the main scattering processes of the overall thermoelectric transport in p-type SnSe CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Fechado

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma leitura de abordagem cr?tica do romance O irm?o alem?o, de Chico Buarque, de modo a analis?-lo enquanto composi??o narrativa que articula uma forma representa??o liter?ria amb?gua entre os seus referentes mim?ticos de uma realidade hist?rico-social e os seus ?ndices de ficcionaliza??o desse mesmo real a partir do relato de procura do narrador-protagonista por seu suposto irm?o judeu desaparecido no contexto de uma Alemanha nazista. Nesse sentido, fundamentamos nossa abordagem n?o somente nas formula??es te?ricas que d?o conta das assim chamadas ?narrativas do eu?, mas sobretudo nas que explicam a tradi??o do g?nero romance a partir de sua condi??o de ambiguidade frente ao mundo hist?rico-social do qual procede e participa, sobretudo, questionando-o e reinventando-o atrav?s de seus processo ficcionais. A partir disso, passamos ? an?lise propriamente dita do romance em quest?o, de modo a destacar a modula??o cambiante na estrutura de seus sentidos, o que impede que a obra seja apreciada por meio de um ?nico modelo de conven??o de escrita liter?ria. ? justamente a rela??o tensionada entre os seus estratos de significa??o que permitem n?veis de interpreta??o e leitura para a decodifica??o do romance. Assim, entendemos que o universo dos fatos narrados n?o resulta o mais importante na articula??o discursiva da obra. Pelo contr?rio, a experi?ncia de interpreta??o, percep??o sens?vel e imagina??o da realidade hist?rica pela perspectiva de um narrador-protagonista ? o que potencializa a express?o sem?ntica e ficcional da narrativa presente em O irm?o alem?o, de Chico Buarque. The present work aims to present a critical reading of novel O irm?o alem?o by Chico Buarque, in order to analyze it as a narrative composition that articulates an ambiguous literaty representation between its mimetic referents of a historical-social reality and their fictionalization indexes of that same reality from the narrador-protagonist?s account of the search for his supposed Jewish brother who disappeared in the context of a Nazi Germany. In this sense, we base our approach not only on the treoretical formulations that deal with the socalled ?narratives of the self?, but above all to those that explain the tradition of the novel/romance genre from its condition of ambiguity regarding historical-social world from which it comes and participates in and, above all, by questioning it and reinventing it through it fictional processes. From this, we move on to the proper analysis of the novel in question, in order to highlight the changing modulation in the structure of its meanings, which prevents the work from being appreciated through a single model of literary writing. It is precisely the strained relationship between its strata of meaning that allows levels of interpretation and reading for the decoding of the novel. Thus, we understand that the universe of the narrated facts is the most important in the discursive articulation of the narrative. On the contrary, the experience oh interpretation, sensitive perception and imagination of historical reality from the perspective of a narrator-protagonist is what plurify the semantic and fictional expression of the narrative present in O irm?o alem?o, by Chico Buarque.

Agradecimentos: The authors thank the Harvard FAS Research Computing facility and the Brazilian CCJDR-IFGW-UNICAMP for computational resources. A.S.C. and A.A. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Brazilian agency FAPESP under Grant No. 2015/26434-2, No. 2016/23891-6, No. 2017/26105-4, No. 2018/01274-0, and No. 2019/26088-8. A.S.C. also acknowledges the kind hospitality of Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Abstract: The coupling between electrons and phonons in solids plays a central role in describing many phenomena, including superconductivity and thermoelectric transport. Calculations of this coupling are exceedingly demanding as they necessitate integrations over both the electron and phonon momenta, both of which span the Brillouin zone of the crystal, independently. We present here an ab initio method for efficiently calculating electron-phonon mediated transport properties by dramatically accelerating the computation of the double integrals with a dual interpolation technique that combines maximally localized Wannier functions with symmetry-adapted plane waves. The performance gain in relation to the current state-of-the-art Wannier-Fourier interpolation is approximately 2n(s) x M, where n, is the number of crystal symmetry operations and M, a number in the range 5-60, governs the expansion in star functions. We demonstrate with several examples how our method performs some ab initio calculations involving electron-phonon interactions FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Fechado

Agradecimentos: We gratefully acknowledge support from the Brazilian agencies CNPq, CAPES, and FAPESP under Grants #2013/14065-7, #2013/ 08293-7 and #2015/26434-2. Financial support from the Junta of Extremadura in Spain through Grants GR15105 and IB16013 is acknowledged as well. The calculations were performed at CCJDR-IFGW-UNICAMP and at CENAPAD-SP in Brazil Abstract: An ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.14 W m(-1) K-1 along the ( b) over right arrow axis of As2Se3 single crystals was obtained at 300 K using first-principles calculations involving density functional theory and the resolution of the Boltzmann transport equation. This ultralow lattice thermal conductivity arises from the combination of two mechanisms: (1) a cascade-like fall of the low-lying optical modes, which results in avoided crossings of these with the acoustic modes, low sound velocities and increased scattering rates of the acoustic phonons||and (2) the repulsion between the lone-pair electrons of the As cations and the valence p orbitals of the Se anions, which leads to an increase in the anharmonicity of the bonds. The physical origins of these mechanisms lie in the nature of the chemical bonding in the material and its strong anisotropy. These results, whose validity has been addressed by comparison with SnSe, for which excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experiments is achieved, point out that As2Se3 could exhibit improved thermoelectric properties CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP JUNTA DE EXTREMADURA Fechado

Agradecimentos: The authors thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and Coordination for Improvement of Higher Level Education (CAPES) for the financial support. The authors also thank the Laboratory of Advanced Scientific Computing (University of São Paulo) and the Department of Information Technology - Campus São Carlos for hosting our cluster Abstract: The knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of PtCo nanoparticles as a function of the Pt/Co composition and atomic distribution is crucial for several potential applications, which includes catalysis, anticorrosion, data storage, etc. However, our current atom-level understanding is far from satisfactory, in particular due to the challenges to take into account chemical environment effects. In this work, we report a density functional theory investigation of the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of binary 55-atom PtCo particles at a saturated CO atmosphere (31 molecules), (CO)(31)/Pt(n)Coss(55-n). For PtCo in the gas phase, which adopts an icosahedron-like (ICO-like) structure in the lowest-energy configurations for all studied compositions, we found a rough correlation between stability and the number of bonds among the Pt and Co species; i.e., the stability (excess energy) increases (decreases) by increasing the number of Pt and Co bonds and with a minimum at about n = 28-42 (Pt-rich). However, at a saturated CO atmosphere, we found a stability displacement toward higher Co concentration (n = 6-20, Co-rich), which can be explained by the structural expansion of the nanocluster surface driven by the CO ligands. That is, the CO adsorption contributes to release the strain, which is induced by the attractive Coulomb interactions between the anionic surface and cationic core regions. Furthermore, for particular compositions (n = 42), we found a displacement of the Co atoms toward the surface upon the CO adsorption, which can be explained also by strain release as the adsorption energy of CO is larger on the Pt surfaces, which could favor Pt-rich surfaces FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES Fechado

Agradecimentos: Authors thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Grant Nos. 2013/21045-2 and 2013/15112-9), Rio Grande do Sul Research Foundation (FAPERGS), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Grant Nos. 2013/15112-9, 301190/2015-1, and 305161/2015-6), and Coordination for Improvement of Higher Level Education (CAPES) for financial support. Authors also thank the Laboratory of Advanced Scientific Computing (University of Sao Paulo) and the Department of Information TechnologyCampus São Carlos, for hosting our cluster Abstract: Although several studies have been reported for Pt-55 and Au-55 nanoclusters, our atomistic understanding of the interplay between the adsorbate-surface interactions and the mechanisms that lead to the formation of the distorted reduced core (DRC) structures, instead of the icosahedron (ICO) structure in gas phase, is still far from satisfactory. Here, we report a density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the role of the adsorption effects of PH3 (one lone pair of electrons) and SH2 (two lone pairs) on the relative stability of the Pt-55 and Au-55 nanoclusters. In gas phase, we found that the DRC structures with 7 and 9 atoms in the core region are about 5.34 eV (Pt-55) and 2.20 eV (Au-55) lower in energy than the ICO model with I-h symmetry and 13 atoms in the core region. However, the stability of the ICO structure increases by increasing the number of adsorbed molecules from 1 to 18, in which both DRC and ICO structures are nearly degenerate in energy at the limit of 18 ligands, which can be explained as follows. In gas phase, there is a strong compression of the cationic core region by the anionic surface atoms induced by the attractive Coulomb interactions (core(+)-surface(-)), and hence, the strain release is obtained by reducing the number of atoms in the cationic core region, which leads to the 55 atoms distorted reduced core structures. Thus, the Coulomb interactions between the core(+) and surface(-) contribute to break the symmetry in the ICO55 structure. On the other hand, the addition of ligands on the anionic surface reduces the charge transfer between the core and surface, which contributes to decrease the Coulomb interactions and the strain on the core region of the ICO structure, and hence, it stabilizes a compact ICO structure. The same conclusion is obtained by adding van der Waals corrections to the plain DFT calculations. Similar results are obtained by the addition of steric effects, which are considered through the adsorption of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) molecules on Au-55, in which the relative stability between ICO and DRC is the same as for PH3 and SH2. However, for Pt-55, we found an inversion of stability due to the PPh3 ligand effects, where ICO has higher stability than DRC by 2.40 eV. Our insights are supported by several structural, electronic, and energetic analyses FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - FAPERGS CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES Fechado

CHAVES, Anderson Valério. Hidroxiapatita e magnetita associadas à scaffolds de quitosana para aplicação em regeneração óssea. 2015. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em química)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in the biomedical area, especially in orthopedic applications in the treatment of osteoporosis aiming its use as injectable HA nanoparticles can be targeted to various body locations to treat bone defects. The HA is very similar to mineral component of bone material. It is well established that osteoblasts (bone forming cells) grow better on HA-coated metal than for metals isolated. Simvastatin (SIMV) is a drug currently used to reduce cholesterol (oral), but recent studies have shown an interesting ability of this drug to increase the local regeneration process, when combined with hydroxyapatite. In this work, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with an iron oxide magnetic properties recently studied as potentiating agent proliferation of bone cells, have been associated with HA with the aim of increasing regenerative processes. This system has undergone the hydrothermal treatment for controlling the crystal properties of the coating. Separately, Fe3O4 and HA are biocompatible and when combined, the nanoparticles improve several important markers of osteoblast differentiation, such as collagen synthesis and deposition of calcium by keeping their magnetic properties. It is recognized that the surface chemistry, surface energy and surface topography have a significant influence on osteoblast responses. In particular, nowadays, the critical size bone defect depends on the engineering "scaffold" which are structural supports 3D, allowing for cell infiltration and subsequent integration to the native tissue. For this reason, the material synthesized and functionalized with SIMV was added in chitosan polymeric matrices. The formed composite showed average particle size of 20 nm (HA-5h), 18 nm (Fe3O4) and 30-70nm (Fe3O4-HA). The XRD patterns showed characteristic peaks of the crystalline phases of the composites according to the literature, as well as the IR bands. A hidroxiapatita (HA) tem sido amplamente utilizada na área de biomédica, especialmente para aplicações ortopédicas no tratamento da osteoporose, objetivando seu uso como nanopartículas injetáveis que podem ser dirigidas para vários locais do corpo para tratamento de defeitos ósseos. A HA é um material muito semelhante ao mineral componente do osso. Está bem estabelecido que os osteoblastos (células formadoras do osso) crescem melhor em metais revestidos por HA do que em metais isolados. A sinvastatina (SINV) é um medicamento utilizado atualmente para redução de colesterol (via oral), porém, estudos recentes mostraram uma interessante capacidade desse fármaco no aumento do processo de regeneração local quando associado com hidroxiapatita. Neste trabalho, nanopartículas de magnetita (Fe3O4), um óxido de ferro com propriedades magnéticas, recentemente estudado como agente potencializador de proliferação de células ósseas, foram associadas com HA com o objetivo de aumentar processos regenerativos. Este sistema sofreu tratamento hidrotérmico para controlar as propriedades cristalinas do revestimento. Separadamente, Fe3O4 e HA são biocompatíveis e, quando combinados, as nanopartículas melhoram vários indicadores de diferenciação de osteoblastos importantes, tais como a síntese de colágeno e a deposição de cálcio, mantendo as suas propriedades magnéticas. Reconhece-se que a química de superfície, a energia de superfície e a topografia da superfície têm uma influência significativa sobre as respostas de osteoblastos. Em particular, nos dias de hoje, os defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico dependem da engenharia de “scaffolds” que são suportes estruturais em 3D, permitindo a infiltração celular e posterior integração com o tecido nativo. Por esse motivo, o material sintetizado e funcionalizado com SINV foi introduzido em matrizes poliméricas de quitosana. Os compósitos formados apresentaram tamanho médio de partícula de 20 nm (HA-5h) e 18 nm (Fe3O4) e 40-100 nm (Fe3O4-HA). Os difratogramas mostraram os picos característicos das fases cristalinas dos compósitos de acordo com a literatura, bem como as bandas de infravermelho.

Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-07T19:09:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Anderson C Chaves.pdf: 685658 bytes, checksum: 8eb975e0e2f937f20bd8178b1e4f0e6e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-07T19:09:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Anderson C Chaves.pdf: 685658 bytes, checksum: 8eb975e0e2f937f20bd8178b1e4f0e6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 This dissertation aims, from the process of building and democratization of Social Assistance Policy in Brazil, post YOUR analyze social control having as object the Municipal Social Welfare Council of the Municipality of Mesquita, in the Baixada Fluminense region / RJ and working conditions of social workers in these spaces. Initially, we address the Social Assistance Policy in Brazil, from creation of the extinct Brazilian Legion Social Assistance (LBA), to the present day, highlighting advances in judicial-legal-normative part of this policy, which has become a field suitable and ample market for social workers nowadays. In the discussion of social control in Assistance Policy , we highlight three important themes: the relationship of civil society with government advisers , the spaces of political representation , democratic , deliberative and joint boards of social assistance ; the participation of user segments of social welfare services in the municipality of Mosque and also the conditions under which is happening to the participation of social workers in social control spaces in the city , through precarious labor relations , with regard to deregulation labor social worker rights . For the study , analyzed the Minutes of the 2011-2012 period , and conducted semi - structured interviews with government and non-governmental advisors to the City Council of Social Welfare Mesquita (CMAS) interviews , which acted in the same period , management took office in December 2011, following the result of the election process of civil society CMAS . Among the findings of the investigation , from the empirical material, mediated by the thought of authors who discuss this issue and the legislation include: the superiority of Representation on Government Representation of Civil Society in CMAS ; no monitoring and enforcement of the budget balance by CMAS / Mesquita ; casualization of labor relations in SEMAS / Mosque ; discontinuation of the Training Program Directors of the CMAS / Mesquita ; technical preparation of the directors for consideration of accountability in CMAS , with no timely manner for analysis ; political manipulation by the government representation in CMAS ; the power of government influence is greater than that of civil society; need for technical training , and especially ethics and political empowerment of government advisers and civil society ; precariousness of public facilities of SEMAS / Mesquita ; scant participation of users of social assistance services in the sphere of the board , among other aspects that will be addressed in this dissertation. In short, these are the main conclusions in summary and synthetic form which will be discussed in more detail in the concluding remarks of this work. A presente dissertação tem como propósito, a partir do processo de construção e democratização da Política de Assistência Social no Brasil, pós SUAS, analisar o controle social tendo como objeto o Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social do município de Mesquita, na região da Baixada Fluminense / RJ e as condições de trabalho dos Assistentes Sociais nesses espaços. Inicialmente, abordamos a Política de Assistência Social no Brasil, desde a criação da extinta Legião Brasileira de Assistência Social (LBA), até os dias atuais, ressaltando os avanços na parte jurídico-legal-normativa desta política, o que tem se tornado um campo propício e amplo para o mercado de trabalho dos assistentes sociais na contemporaneidade. No debate do controle social na Política de Assistência, destacamos três importantes temáticas: a relação das entidades da sociedade civil com os conselheiros governamentais, nos espaços de representação política, democrática, deliberativa e paritária nos conselhos de assistência social; a participação dos segmentos de usuários dos serviços sócio assistenciais do município de Mesquita e, ainda, as condições em que vem ocorrendo à participação dos assistentes sociais nos espaços de controle social no município, através de relações de trabalho precárias, no que se refere à desregulamentação de direitos sociais trabalhistas dos profissionais. Para o estudo, analisamos as Atas do período de 2011-2012, e realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os conselheiros governamentais e não governamentais do Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social de Mesquita (CMAS), que atuaram no mesmo período, gestão empossada em Dezembro de 2011, após resultado do processo eleitoral das entidades da sociedade civil do CMAS. Dentre os achados da investigação, a partir do material empírico, mediado pelo pensamento de autores que discutem esta temática e pela legislação destacam-se: a superioridade da Representação Governamental sobre a Representação da Sociedade Civil no CMAS; não monitoramento e fiscalização do saldo orçamentário pelo CMAS / Mesquita; precarização das relações de trabalho na SEMAS / Mesquita; descontinuidade do Programa de Capacitação dos Conselheiros do CMAS / Mesquita; despreparo técnico dos conselheiros para apreciação de prestação de contas no CMAS, com ausência de tempo hábil para análise; manipulação política por parte da representação governamental no CMAS; o poder de influência do governo é maior do que da sociedade civil; necessidade de capacitação técnica, e principalmente capacitação ética e política dos conselheiros governamentais e da sociedade civil; precariedade dos equipamentos públicos dos SEMAS / Mesquita; parca participação dos Usuários dos Serviços Socioassistenciais na esfera do conselho, dentre outros aspectos que serão tratados nesta dissertação. Em suma, estes são as principais conclusões de forma resumida e sintética que abordaremos mais detalhadamente nas considerações finais deste trabalho.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Melanopareia torquata, encontrada no leste do Paraguai e em todos os estados brasileiros por onde o Cerrado se estende, apresenta duas subespécies, M. t. torquata e M. t. rufescens. Esta espécie, juntamente com M. bitorquata, a única outra espécie do gênero encontrada no Brasil e que foi recentemente elevada ao status de espécie independente, constituem um modelo de interesse ao estudo e compreensão dos padrões de diversificação das savanas Neotropicais. Embora M. bitorquata tenha morfologia e limites de distribuição bem definidos, as subespécies de M. torquata apresentam grande variação morfológica, comprometendo a delimitação clara de sua distribuição e a sua diagnose. Este estudo pretende, a partir de caracteres morfológicos, vocais e moleculares, reavaliar o status taxonômico e limites intra e interespecíficos dessas espécies, além de investigar os padrões geográficos e temporais de diversificação do grupo, avaliando os possíveis processos climáticos, geológicos e biogeográficos associados à sua diversificação. As análises morfológicas não foram eficientes para a delimitação de grupos intraespecíficos em M. torquata, devido à já relatada variação clinal e individual das variáveis avaliadas. De forma semelhante, os caracteres bioacústicos são bastante similares entre todos os grupos, não tendo sido eficazes na delimitação dos taxa estudados. A abordagem molecular, por outro lado, apresentou agrupamentos muito divergentes e com grande diversidade genética e estruturação geográfica para todos os clados avaliados e para grupos internos em cada clado. As datações indicaram que o complexo M. torquata se originou no início do Plioceno, quando houve a divergência de M. t. rufescens e outro clado contendo M. t. torquata como irmã de M. bitorquata. Embora os dados disponíveis e os métodos utilizados não permitiram chegar a uma delimitação segura da distribuição geográfica de M. t. torquata e de M. t. rufescens, nem indicar caracteres que possam ser utilizados na diagnose entre elas, as análises moleculares indicaram a existência de três clados igualmente divergentes, com evidência de especiação sem diferenciação morfológica e vocal claras. Esse estudo mostra as complexidades e dificuldades inerentes à tentativa de delimitar grupos taxonômicos, especialmente na América do Sul, que apresenta cenários biogeográfico e evolutivo sabidamente complexos. Melanopareia torquata occurs in eastern Paraguay and in all Brazilian states where the Cerrado extends, harboring two subspecies, M. t. torquata and M. t. rufescens. This species, together with M. bitorquata, the only other species in the genus found in Brazil and that has recently been elevated to species status, is a model of interest to the study and understanding of the diversification of Neotropical savannas. Although M. bitorquata shows well established morphological characters and range limits, the subspecies of M. torquata exhibit large morphological variation, hampering a clear delimitation of their range and diagnosis. This study aims to reevaluate, using morphological, vocal and molecular tools, the taxonomic status and intra- and interspecific limits of these species, and also to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of diversification of the group, evaluating the possible climate, geological and biogeographical processes associated with its diversification. Morphological analyses were not useful for the delimitation of intraspecific groups within M. torquata due to the already reported clinal variation and large individual variation in the species. Similarly, bioacoustic parameters measured are quite similar between groups, being of little usage to the understanding of distribution and taxonomic limits of the species. The molecular approach, on the other hand, revealed very distinct clusters and great genetic diversity and geographic structure for all three clades evaluated, and also for internal groups in each clade. The complex M. torquata originated in early Pliocene, with a divergence between M. t. rufescens and the clade containing M. t. torquata as sister to M. bitorquata. We conclude that, although it was not possible to clearly delimit the geographical distribution of the subspecies of M. torquata, or point which characters are useful to diagnose them, the molecular analyses indicated the existence of three equally divergent clades with evidence of speciation without a clear morphological and vocal differentiation. This study shows the complexities and difficulties inherent to every attempt to delimit taxonomic groups, especially in South America, which is well known for their complex biogeographic and evolutionary scenarios.