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Background: The objective of this systematic review was to review the current evidence on the effects of acute exercise with and without morning breakfast consumption on cognitive performance. Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines and is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023396125). Studies were included if they investigated effects of acute exercise with and without preceding morning breakfast on cognitive performance measured during and following exercise in healthy adults. Eligible studies from 5 electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase, with no limitations on years and dates of publications to retrieve maximal number of literature (literature search and screen were completed on 13 December 2024). Study quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro). Results: A total of 3018 studies were screened. Five studies, involving 70 participants (42 women, aged between 18 and 50 years) in total (sample size per study: 10–24), were eligible for inclusion in this review. The synthesised results based on 5 identified studies with healthy adults showed that there was no indication that effects of exercise on cognitive performance (e.g., processing speed, inhibitory control) are altered by breakfast skipping and/or consumption (e.g., different portion, macronutrients, and contents). The included studies had a mean PEDro score of 4.0 (scored between 3 and 5), suggesting 'fair' methodological quality. Conclusion: The synthesised results showed that there was no indication that effects of exercise on cognitive performance (e.g., processing speed, inhibitory control) are altered by morning breakfast consumption or macronutrients and contents of breakfast in healthy adults. However, the synthesised results should be interpreted cautiously, given the limited evidence and the heterogeneity in methodology with mostly involved young and healthy adults. Further investigation regarding interactive effects of breakfast and exercise on cognition, especially in individuals with metabolic disease or medical conditions, is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoporosis is predominantly a condition of the elderly. In this study, we evaluated the effects of teriparatide on lung function and pain relief in elderly women with multiple osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures., Methods: A total of 37 patients who received teriparatide treatment during the period January 2010 to December 2011 were enrolled. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and lung function was measured using a MasterScreen Body Jaeger spirometer. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values were recorded. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain were used to evaluate physical health and pain intensity, respectively, at baseline and after 6 months of teriparatide treatment., Results: Mean BMD at the lumbar spine increased from 0.716 g/cm(2) at baseline to 0.829 g/cm(2) after 6 months of treatment. In addition, both mean FVC and FEV1 values after 6 months of treatment were significantly higher than baseline values (99.01% and 100.06% vs. 87.62% and 90.62%, respectively). Teriparatide treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in self-reported pain intensity and a significant improvement in physical health as measured by VAS and ODI scores, respectively., Conclusions: In addition to increasing BMD, teriparatide treatment improves the lung function and results in diminished pain intensity in women with multiple osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Background: High-grade primary glioma have poor prognosis and predictive biomarkers is very important. Midkine (MDK), a heparin-binding growth factor, is important in regulating carcinogenesis, cell proliferation, mitogenesis, and angiogenesis. This study aimed to identify over-expression of MDK in gliomas and correlate this with clinical outcomes. The authors put forward their hypothesis correlating proliferation and poor survival with over-expression of this novel protein., Methods: Two datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) included human data of 100 and 180 patients, respectively. The MDK expression, World Health Organization (WHO) pathological grade, sex, age, and survival time were identified for statistical analysis., Results: A search of the GEO profile revealed that MDK expression level was statistically greater in the WHO grade IV compared with grade II (P = 0.002), in grades III and IV compared with nontumor control (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively) after adjustments using the Bonferroni method. By the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the high MDK expression group had poorer survival outcome (2.38-fold hazard, 95% confidence interval: 1.22-4.63) than the low MDK expression group after adjustments for WHO grade and age., Conclusions: Taken together, there is a positive correlation between MDK expression and WHO grading of human gliomas. Moreover, MDK over-expression is significant correlated to poor survival outcome in high-grade, suggesting that MDK may be an important therapeutic target.

Background: Spinal manipulation is widely used for low back pain treatments. Complications associated with spinal manipulation are seen. Lumbar epidural hematoma (EDH) is one of the complications reported in the literature. If lumbar chronic EDH symptoms are present, which are similar to those of a herniated nucleus pulposus, surgery may be considered if medical treatment fails. Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy utilizing an interlaminar approach can be successfully applied to those with herniated nucleus pulposus. We use the same technique to remove the lumbar chronic EDH, which is the first documented report in the related literature., Methods: We present a case with chronic lumbar EDH associated with spinal manipulation. Neurologic deficits were noted on physical examination. We arranged for a full-endoscopic interlaminar approach to remove the hematoma for the patient with the rigid endoscopy (Vertebris system; Richard Wolf, Knittlingen, Germany)., Results: After surgery, the patient's radiculopathy immediately began to disappear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up 10 days after the surgery revealed no residual hematoma. No complications were noted during the outpatient department follow up., Conclusions: Lumbar EDH is a possible complication of spinal manipulation. Patient experiencing rapidly progressive neurologic deficit require early surgical evacuation, while conservative treatment may only be applied to those with mild symptoms. A percutaneous full-endoscopic interlaminar approach may be a viable alternative for the treatment of those with chronic EDH with progressive neurologic deficits.

Background: Closure of the dura defect may be easy to perform in open lumbar surgery but could be difficult in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (MIS-TLIF) since MIS-TLIF was done through a small tube, which limited the use of standard dural repair instruments. We used nonpenetrating titanium clips that were originally designed for the vascular anastomoses to repair the dura defect, which is never described in the literature., Methods: We presented a case of spinal stenosis with incidental durotomy while performing MIS-TLIF. We closed the dura laceration with three medium-sized nonpenetrating titanium clips (AnastoClip Vessel Closure System, LeMaitre Vascular, Inc., Burlington, MA)., Results: Nonpenetrating titanium clips have the benefits of being technically easy to use, reduced durotomy repair time, decreased bed rest due to related medical complications, superior postoperation with immediate hydrostatic strength, and better reapproximation if it fails to clip successfully. As for the postoperation follow up, clips are tiny and reveal no obvious artifact, especially in cases where the pedicle screws are already causing much artifact., Conclusion: Primary dural closure during MIS-TLIF with clips is an effective way in cases that involve limited tubular space.

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is obtained from turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa (L.), inhibits many human cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for curcumin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human hepatic cellular carcinoma J5 cells, are not yet clearly understood. J5 cells were treated with various concentrations of curcumin for different durations. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The protein expressions of caspase-12, ATF6, GADD153, Calnexin, Calreticulin, PDI and Ero1-Lα, which are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolding protein response pathway, were examined by Western blot analysis. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of TCTP, Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bax, which are related to mitochondrial dysfunction, were detected by Western blot analysis. We also detected the ATF6 protein location by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that curcumin inhibits the proliferation of J5 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Curcumin induced the unfolding protein response by down-regulating the protein expressions of Calnexin, PDI and Ero1-Lα and up-regulating the Calreticulin expression. Curcumin induces the GADD153 expression by cleaving caspase-12 and ATF6, and then by translocating ATF6 to the nucleus. Curcumin also down-regulates the protein expressions of TCTP, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2, in order to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Curcumin induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by decreasing the Cdc2 expression. In conclusion, the present study showed that curcumin inhibits the proliferation of J5 cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA) is extracted from Danshen, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, which has been widely adopted in traditional herbal medicine to treat cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. Tan-IIA induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of Tan-IIA on human HCC cells are not understood clearly. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of Tan-IIA as well as its molecular mechanisms in human HCC J5 cells was investigated. The cytotoxicity was assayed by MTT. The protein expression of p53, p21, Bax, Bcl-2, Cdc25c, Cdc2, calreticulin, caspase 12, GADD153, caspase 3 and beta-actin in J5 cells were determined by Western blotting. The cell cycles were analyzed by FACS. The protein expression of caspase 12, GADD1533 and caspase 3 were detected by immunocytochemical staining. The results showed that Tan-IIA inhibited J5 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The protein expression of p53, p21, Bax, calreticulin, caspase 12, caspase 3 and GADD153 were increased, but Bcl-2, Cdc25c and Cdc2 were decreased in J5 cells. In addition, the results also showed that Tan-IIA arrested J5 cells in the G2/M phase. Immunocytochemistry staining showed that J5 cells treated with Tan-IIA up-regulated the protein expression of caspase 12, 3 and GADD153. Taken together, the findings suggest that Tan-IIA inhibits and induces apoptosis in J5 cells through novel molecular targets, calreticulin, caspase 12 and GADD153.