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1,357 results on '"Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] [CAS]"'

1. Siberian carbon sink reduced by forest disturbances

Author: Lei Fan, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Philippe Ciais, Jérome Chave, Martin Brandt, Stephen Sitch, Chao Yue, Ana Bastos, Xin Li, Yuanwei Qin, Wenping Yuan, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Liudmila Mukhortova, Xiaojun Li, Xiangzhuo Liu, Mengjia Wang, Frédéric Frappart, Xiangming Xiao, Jingming Chen, Mingguo Ma, Jianguang Wen, Xiuzhi Chen, Hui Yang, Dave van Wees, Rasmus Fensholt, Southwest University [Chongqing], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, Northwest A and F University, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma (OU), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), University of Toronto, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), and Earth Sciences
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, SDG 15 - Life on Land
Abstract: International audience; Siberian forests are generally thought to have acted as an important carbon sink over recent decades, but exposure to severe droughts and fire disturbances may have impacted their carbon dynamics. Limited available forest inventories mean the carbon balance remains uncertain. Here we analyse annual live and dead above-ground carbon changes derived from low-frequency passive microwave observations from 2010 to 2019. We find that during this period, the carbon balance of Siberian forests was close to neutral, with the forests acting as a small carbon sink of +0.02+0.03+0.01 PgC yr−1. Carbon storage in dead wood increased, but this was largely offset by a decrease in live biomass. Substantial losses of live above-ground carbon are attributed to fire and drought, such as the widespread fires in northern Siberia in 2012 and extreme drought in eastern Siberia in 2015. These live above-ground carbon losses contrast with ‘greening’ trends seen in leaf area index over the same period, a decoupling explained by faster post-disturbance recovery of leaf area than live above-ground carbon. Our study highlights the vulnerability of large forest carbon stores in Siberia to climate-induced disturbances, challenging the persistence of the carbon sink in this region of the globe.
Published: 2023
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2. Atmospheric forcing dominates winter Barents-Kara sea ice variability on interannual to decadal time scales

Author: Zhongfang Liu, Camille Risi, Francis Codron, Zhimin Jian, Zhongwang Wei, Xiaogang He, Christopher J. Poulsen, Yue Wang, Dong Chen, Wentao Ma, Yanyan Cheng, Gabriel J. Bowen, State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology [Shanghai], Tongji University, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Singapore], National University of Singapore (NUS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geology and Geophysics, and University of Utah
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Arctic Regions, Atmosphere, Climate, Oceans and Seas, Ice Cover, Seasons, Time
Abstract: The last two decades have seen a dramatic decline and strong year-to-year variability in Arctic winter sea ice, especially in the Barents-Kara Sea (BKS), changes that have been linked to extreme midlatitude weather and climate. It has been suggested that these changes in winter sea ice arise largely from a combined effect of oceanic and atmospheric processes, but the relative importance of these processes is not well established. Here, we explore the role of atmospheric circulation patterns on BKS winter sea ice variability and trends using observations and climate model simulations. We find that BKS winter sea ice variability is primarily driven by a strong anticyclonic anomaly over the region, which explains more than 50% of the interannual variability in BKS sea-ice concentration (SIC). Recent intensification of the anticyclonic anomaly has warmed and moistened the lower atmosphere in the BKS by poleward transport of moist-static energy and local processes, resulting in an increase in downwelling longwave radiation. Our results demonstrate that the observed BKS winter sea-ice variability is primarily driven by atmospheric, rather than oceanic, processes and suggest a persistent role of atmospheric forcing in future Arctic winter sea ice loss.
Published: 2023
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3. Data Comparison and Software Design for Easy Selection and Application of CRISPR-based Genome Editing Systems in Plants

Author: Zhanwu Dai, Fatma Lecourieux, Yi Wang, Shaohua Li, David Lecourieux, Rui Zhang, Zhenchang Liang, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology/CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Computer science, G-Q, Computational biology, PARRs, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genome, Database, 03 medical and health sciences, CRISPR/Cas, Software, Genome editing, Software Design, Genetics, CRISPR, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, computer.programming_language, Gene Editing, 0303 health sciences, Cas9, business.industry, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Computational Mathematics, Software design, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Perl, business, computer, Genome, Plant, GC-content, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; CRISPR-based genome editing systems have been successfully and effectively used in many organisms. However, only a few studies have reported the comparison between CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 systems in the whole-genome applications. Although many web-based toolkits are available, there is still a shortage of comprehensive, user-friendly, and plant-specific CRISPR databases and desktop software. In this study, we identified and analyzed the similarities and differences between CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 systems by considering the abundance of proto-spacer adjacent motif (PAM) sites, effects of GC content, optimal proto-spacer length, potential universality within the plant kingdom, PAM-rich region (PARR) inhibiting ratio, and effects of G-quadruplex (G-Q) structures. Using this information, we built a comprehensive CRISPR database (including 138 plant genome data sources, www.grapeworld.cn/pc/index.html), which provides search tools for the identification of CRISPR editing sites in both CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 systems. We also developed a desktop software on the basis of Perl/TK tool, which facilitates and improves the detection and analysis of CRISPR editing sites at the whole-genome level on Linux and/or Windows platform. Therefore, this study provides helpful data and software for easy selection and application of CRISPR-based genome editing systems in plants.
Published: 2021
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4. Forcing and impact of the Northern Hemisphere continental snow cover in 1979–2014

Author: Guillaume Gastineau, Claude Frankignoul, Yongqi Gao, Yu-Chiao Liang, Young-Oh Kwon, Annalisa Cherchi, Rohit Ghosh, Elisa Manzini, Daniela Matei, Jennifer Mecking, Lingling Suo, Tian Tian, Shuting Yang, Ying Zhang, Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), National Taïwan University (NTU), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (NZC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), ANR-19-JPOC-0003,ROADMAP,The Role of ocean dynamics and Ocean-Atmosphere interactions in Driving cliMAte variations and future Projections of impact-relevant extreme events(2019), and European Project: 727852,Blue-Action(2016)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: The main drivers of the continental Northern Hemisphere snow cover are investigated in the 1979–2014 period. Four observational datasets are used as are two large multi-model ensembles of atmosphere-only simulations with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC). A first ensemble uses observed interannually varying SST and SIC conditions for 1979–2014, while a second ensemble is identical except for SIC with a repeated climatological cycle used. SST and external forcing typically explain 10 % to 25 % of the snow cover variance in model simulations, with a dominant forcing from the tropical and North Pacific SST during this period. In terms of the climate influence of the snow cover anomalies, both observations and models show no robust links between the November and April snow cover variability and the atmospheric circulation 1 month later. On the other hand, the first mode of Eurasian snow cover variability in January, with more extended snow over western Eurasia, is found to precede an atmospheric circulation pattern by 1 month, similar to a negative Arctic oscillation (AO). A decomposition of the variability in the model simulations shows that this relationship is mainly due to internal climate variability. Detailed outputs from one of the models indicate that the western Eurasia snow cover anomalies are preceded by a negative AO phase accompanied by a Ural blocking pattern and a stratospheric polar vortex weakening. The link between the AO and the snow cover variability is strongly related to the concomitant role of the stratospheric polar vortex, with the Eurasian snow cover acting as a positive feedback for the AO variability in winter. No robust influence of the SIC variability is found, as the sea ice loss in these simulations only drives an insignificant fraction of the snow cover anomalies, with few agreements among models.
Published: 2022
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5. Label-free plasmonic-based biosensing using a gold nanohole array chip coated with a wafer-scale deposited WS2 monolayer

Author: Lixing Kang, Yan Zhang, Qian Gong, Chandreyee Manas Das, Huilin Shao, Daniel Puiu Poenar, Philippe Coquet, Ken-Tye Yong, CNRS International - NTU - Thales Research Alliance [CINTRA], Jiangnan University, National University of Singapore [NUS], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] [CAS], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering [EEE], CNRS International - NTU - Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), THALES [France]-Nanyang Technological University [Singapour]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National University of Singapore (NUS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], This work was supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) and French National Research Agency (ANR), grant number (NRF2017–ANR002 2DPS). The authors are grateful for the technical support for Nano-X from Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SINANO)., and ANR-17-CE09-0043,2DPS,Méta-surfaces à base de nanomatériaux 2D pour une détection plasmonique ultrasensible(2017)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; This paper reports the fabrication, testing and obtained performance of a plasmonic sensor employing a gold (Au) nanohole array chip coated with tungsten disulphide (WS2), which is then functionalized for the detection of protein–protein interactions. A key novelty is that the WS2 was deposited as a monoatomic layer using a wafer-scale synthesis method that successfully provided a film of both high quality and uniform thickness. The deposited WS2 film was transferred onto a Au nanohole array chip using a novel method and was subsequently functionalized with biotin. The final sensor was tested and it demonstrated efficient real-time and label-free plasmonic detection of biotin–streptavidin coupling. Specifically, compared to a standard (i.e. uncoated) Au nanohole-based sensor, our WS2-coated Au nanohole array boosted the spectral shift of the resonance wavelength by ∼190%, resulting in a 7.64-fold improvement of the limit of detection (LOD).
Published: 2022
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6. Observations and Implications of Diurnal Climatology and Trends in Direct and Diffuse Solar Radiation Over China

Author: Yawen Wang, Jiahua Zhang, Jörg Trentmann, Stephanie Fiedler, Su Yang, Arturo Sanchez‐Lorenzo, Katsumasa Tanaka, Wenping Yuan, Martin Wild, Ocean University of China (OUC), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics (EPP), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Hans Ertel Zentrum für Wetterforschung [Offenbach], China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and ANR-19-MPGA-0008,PRATO,Achieving the Paris Agreement Temperature Targets after Overshoot(2019)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Solar radiation received at the Earth's surface (Rs) is comprised of two components, the direct radiation (Rd) and the diffuse radiation (Rf). Rd, the direct beam from the sun, is essential for concentrated solar power generation. Rf, scattered by atmospheric molecules, aerosols, or cloud droplets, has a fertilization effect on plant photosynthesis. But how Rd and Rf change diurnally is largely unknown owing to the lack of long-term measurements. Taking advantage of 22 years of homogeneous hourly surface observations over China, this study documents the climatological means and evolutions in the diurnal cycles of Rd and Rf since 1993, with an emphasis on their implications for solar power and agricultural production. Over the solar energy resource region, we observe a loss of Rd which is relatively large near sunrise and sunset at low solar elevation angles when the sunrays pass through the atmosphere on a longer pathway. However, the concentrated Rd energy covering an average 10-hr period around noon during a day is relatively unaffected. Over the agricultural crop resource region, the large amounts of clouds and aerosols scattering more of the incoming light result in Rf taking the main proportion of Rs during the whole day. Rf resources and their fertilization effect in the main crop region of China further enhances since 1993 over almost all hours of the day. Key Points: - The loss of direct radiation over China since 1993 is relatively large at sunrise and sunset with little effect on solar power generation - The diffuse component dominates solar radiation normally near sunrise and sunset, but for the whole day over the main sown area of China - The diffuse fraction is further enhanced in the main sown area of China over almost all hours of the day since 1993
Published: 2022
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7. Molecular mechanisms of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in a plant–pollinator association

Author: Kai Jiang, Ye Yin, Yuan-Yuan Li, Yan Chen, Ping Wen, Finn Kjellberg, Jing Jun Yang, Hui Yu, Xiao-Yong Chen, Simon T. Segar, Qingfeng Liu, Yuan Yuan Ding, Xing Tan Zhang, Stephen G. Compton, Jean-Yves Rasplus, Xin Tong, Shan Chen, Yang Yang, Ray Ming, Carlos A. Machado, Jin Chen, Huanming Yang, Derek W. Dunn, Zhen Yue, Gang Wang, Qiang Gao, Philip M. Gilmartin, Yi Jing, Yu Zhang, Astrid Cruaud, Hong Qing Li, Rong Wang, Jianquan Liu, Min Liu, Yuan Ye Zhang, East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), Harper Adams University, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Northwest University [Xi'an], University of Hull [United Kingdom], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, ministry of education-College of Life Sciences-Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Guangzhou University, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Xiamen University, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-South China Botanical Garden, University of Leeds, This work is supported by NSFC grants 31630008 and 31870356 (X.-Y.C.) and 31870359 (G.W.), and a Talents 1000 Fellowship of Shaanxi Province (D.W.D.). S.T.S. acknowledges departmental support from Harper Adams University., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Pollination, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wasps, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ficus pumila, 03 medical and health sciences, Pollinator, Animals, Humans, Gene family, Symbiosis, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, biology, Ficus, biology.organism_classification, Adaptation, Physiological, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Evolutionary ecology, Adaptation, Function (biology)
Abstract: International audience; Many insects metamorphose from antagonistic larvae into mutualistic adult pollinators, with reciprocal adaptation leading to specialized insect-plant associations. It remains unknown how such interactions are established at molecular level. Here we assemble high-quality genomes of a fig species, Ficus pumila var. pumila, and its specific pollinating wasp, Wiebesia pumilae. We combine multi-omics with validation experiments to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying this specialized interaction. In the plant, we identify the specific compound attracting pollinators and validate the function of several key genes regulating its biosynthesis. In the pollinator, we find a highly reduced number of odorant-binding protein genes and an odorant-binding protein mainly binding the attractant. During antagonistic interaction, we find similar chemical profiles and turnovers throughout the development of galled ovules and seeds, and a significant contraction of detoxification-related gene families in the pollinator. Our study identifies some key genes bridging coevolved mutualists, establishing expectations for more diffuse insect-pollinator systems.
Published: 2021
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8. Intracellular silicification by early-branching magnetotactic bacteria

Author: Jinhua Li, Peiyu Liu, Nicolas Menguy, Xingliang Zhang, Jian Wang, Karim Benzerara, Lianjun Feng, Lei Sun, Yue Zheng, Fanqi Meng, Lin Gu, Eric Leroy, Jialong Hao, Xuelei Chu, Yongxin Pan, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Computer Science [Hangzhou] (HDU), Hangzhou Dianzi University (HDU), IMPMC_Cosmochimie (IMPMC_COSMO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), State key laboratory of new ceramics and fine processing, Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS)
Subjects: Silicon, Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, Eukaryota, Magnetosomes, Silicon Dioxide, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Ferrosoferric Oxide, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Biosilicification—the formation of biological structures composed of silica—has a wide distribution among eukaryotes; it plays a major role in global biogeochemical cycles, and has driven the decline of dissolved silicon in the oceans through geological time. While it has long been thought that eukaryotes are the only organisms appreciably affecting the biogeochemical cycling of Si, the recent discoveries of silica transporter genes and marked silicon accumulation in bacteria suggest that prokaryotes may play an underappreciated role in the Si cycle, particularly in ancient times. Here, we report a previously unidentified magnetotactic bacterium that forms intracellular, amorphous silica globules. This bacterium, phylogenetically affiliated with the phylum Nitrospirota, belongs to a deep-branching group of magnetotactic bacteria that also forms intracellular magnetite magnetosomes and sulfur inclusions. This contribution reveals intracellularly controlled silicification within prokaryotes and suggests a previously unrecognized influence on the biogeochemical Si cycle that was operational during early Earth history.
Published: 2022
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9. Helical quantum Hall phase in graphene on SrTiO 3

Author: Takashi Taniguchi, Zheng Vitto Han, Kenji Watanabe, Hermann Sellier, Benjamin A. Piot, Benjamin Sacépé, Alexis Coissard, Corentin Déprez, Louis Veyrat, Xiaoxi Li, Nano-Electronique Quantique et Spectroscopie (QuNES), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research [Chinese Academy of Sciences] (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Automatisation et Caractérisation (AUTOCARAC), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI-G ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spintronics, Graphene, Landau quantization, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Magnetic field, chemistry, Topological insulator, Strontium titanate, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state
Abstract: The ground state of charge neutral graphene under perpendicular magnetic field was predicted to be a quantum Hall topological insulator with a ferromagnetic order and spin-filtered, helical edge channels. In most experiments, however, an otherwise insulating state is observed and is accounted for by lattice-scale interactions that promote a broken-symmetry state with gapped bulk and edge excitations. We tuned the ground state of the graphene zeroth Landau level to the topological phase via a suitable screening of the Coulomb interaction with a SrTiO$_3$ high-$k$ dielectric substrate. We observed robust helical edge transport emerging at a magnetic field as low as 1 tesla and withstanding temperatures up to 110 kelvins over micron-long distances. This new and versatile graphene platform opens new avenues for spintronics and topological quantum computation., Main text + SI
Published: 2020
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10. In situ electrochemical synthesis of graphene-poly(arginine) composite for p-nitrophenol monitoring

Author: Yiwei Li, Jinheng Zhang, Jin Song, Yaohong Ma, Shuo Wang, Eric Lichtfouse, Rui Gong, Leilei Xiao, Qilu University of Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules [Pékin, Chine], CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules [Pékin, Chine], Institute of Biophysics [Pékin, Chine], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Institute of Biophysics [Pékin, Chine], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Materials science, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, polyarginine, Composite number, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, Arginine, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nitrophenols, Nitrophenol, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, nitrophenol, Environmental Chemistry, Electrodes, Waste Management and Disposal, wastewater, Detection limit, Aqueous solution, Graphene, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, graphene, Water, Electrochemical Techniques, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Electrode, Graphite, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Para-Nitrophenol (p-nitrophenol) is a common industrial pollutant occurring widely in water bodies, yet actual monitoring methods are limited. Herein we proposed a fully electrochemically in situ synthesized graphenepolyarginine composite functionalized screen printed electrode, as a novel p-nitrophenol sensing platform. The electrode was characterized by morphologic, spectrometric and electrochemical techniques. p-Nitrophenol in both pure aqueous solution and real water samples was tested. Results show a detection limit as low as the nanomolar level, and display a linear response and high selectivity in the range of 0.5-1250 μM. Molecular simulation reveals a detailed synergy between graphene and poly-arginine. The preferable orientation of nitrophenol molecules on the graphene interface in the presence of poly-arginine induces Hand ionic binding. This sensor is an ideal prototype for p-nitrophenol quantification in real waters.
Published: 2022
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11. Receiver function mapping of the mantle transition zone beneath the Western Alps: New constraints on slab subduction and mantle upwelling

Author: Marco G. Malusà, Huaiyu Yuan, Stefano Solarino, Silvia Pondrelli, Liang Zhao, Anne Paul, Dongyang Liu, Elena Eva, Simone Salimbeni, Coralie Aubert, Stéphane Guillot, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS), Macquarie University, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, ONT, Genova, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Liu, D, Zhao, L, Paul, A, Yuan, H, Solarino, S, Aubert, C, Pondrelli, S, Salimbeni, S, Eva, E, Malusà, M, and Guillot, S
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, mantle processes, Western Alp, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle plume, Mantle (geology), mantle processe, Geochemistry and Petrology, Receiver function, Lithosphere, Transition zone, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Petrology, Foreland basin, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Subduction, Western Alps, receiver function, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, receiver functions, subduction zone processe, Slab, subduction zone processes, mantle transition zone, Geology
Abstract: To better constrain the deep structure and dynamics of the Western Alps, we studied the mantle transition zone (MTZ) structure using P-wave receiver functions (RFs). We obtained a total of 24904 RFs from 1182 events collected by 307 stations in the Western Alps. To illustrate the influence of the heterogeneity on the upper mantle velocity, we used both IASP91 and three-dimensional (3-D) velocity models to perform RF time-to-depth migration. We documented an MTZ thickening of about 40 km under the Western Alps and most of the Po Plain due to the uplift associated with the 410-km discontinuity and the depression associated with the 660-km discontinuity. Based upon the close spatial connection between the thickened MTZ and the location of the subducted slabs, we proposed that the thick MTZ was due to the subduction of the Alpine slab through the upper MTZ and the presence of remnants of subducted oceanic lithosphere in the MTZ. The uplift associated with the 410-km discontinuity provided independent evidence of the subduction depth of the Western Alps slab. In the Alpine foreland in eastern France, we observed localized arc-shaped thinning of the MTZ caused by a 12 km depression of the 410-km discontinuity, which has not been previously reported. This depression indicated a temperature increase of 120 K in the upper MTZ, and we proposed that it was caused by a small-scale mantle upwelling. Hardly any uplift of the 660 km discontinuity was observed, suggesting that the thermal anomaly was unlikely to be the result of a mantle plume. We observed that the thinning area of the MTZ corresponded to the area with the highest uplift rate in the Western Alps, which may have indicated that the temperature increase caused by the mantle upwelling contributed to the topographic uplift. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2022
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12. Characterization and diversity of magnetotactic bacteria from sediments of Caroline Seamount in the Western Pacific Ocean

Author: Kaixuan Cui, Wenyan Zhang, Jia Liu, Cong Xu, Yicong Zhao, Si Chen, Hongmiao Pan, Tian Xiao, Long-Fei Wu, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de chimie bactérienne (LCB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms ( LIA-MagMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science (KLMEES), CAS Institute of Oceanology (IOCAS), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, abundance, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], magnetotactic bacteria, Oceanography, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Caroline Seamount, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, magnetosome, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of microorganisms capable of orientating and swimming along magnetic fields because they contain intracellular biomineralized magnetosomes composed of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) or/and greigite (Fe 3 S 4). They are ubiquitous in freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats, and are cosmopolitan in distribution. However, knowledge of their occurrence and distribution in seamount ecosystems is limited. In this study we investigated the diversity and distribution of MTB in the Caroline Seamount (CM4). The abundance of living MTB at 12 stations varying in depth from 90 to 1 545 m was 1.143.7 × 10 3 ind./dm 3. Despite diverse shapes of MTB observed, magnetotactic cocci were the dominant morphotype and could be categorized into two types: (i) typical cocci that appeared to have peritrichous flagella; and (ii) those characterized by having a drop-shaped form and one bundle of flagella located at the thin/narrow end of the cell. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the magnetosomes formed by those magnetotactic cocci are magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) with octahedral crystal habit. A total of 41 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of putative MTB (2 702 reads) were acquired from nine stations, based on high-throughput sequencing. Of these, 40 OTUs belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum and one belonged to the Nitrospirae phylum. We found apparent connectivity between the MTB populations on the Caroline and Kexue seamounts, although the diversity of MTB on Caroline was much richer than on the Kexue Seamount. Our results imply that the unique topography of seamounts and other as-yet unclear environmental factors could lead to evolution of different flagella arrangements in magnetotactic cocci, and the occurrence of octahedral magnetite magnetosomes.
Published: 2021
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13. Complete genome sequence of Crassaminicella sp. 143-21，isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent

Author: Long-Fei Wu, Huan-Huan Zhang, Jun Xu, Ze-Xi Jiao, Xiao-Qing Qi, Wei-Jia Zhang, Xue-Gong Li, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [Sanya] (IDSSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Shangaï Jiao Tong University [Shangaï], Laboratoire de chimie bactérienne (LCB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms ( LIA-MagMC), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Clostridiaceae, Ethanolamine transport, Aquatic Science, Biology, Genome, Chemoorganotroph, Complete genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Hydrothermal Vents, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Genetics, Seawater, Adaptation, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, Base Composition, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Ridge (biology), Hydrothermal vent, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ribosomal RNA, Crassaminicella, Peptide transport, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract: International audience; Crassaminicella sp. 143-21, a putative new species isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR), is an anaerobic, thermophilic and rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Clostridiaceae. In this study, we present the complete genome sequence of strain 143-21, comprising 2,756,133 bp with a G + C content of 31.1%. In total, 2427 protein coding genes, 121 tRNA genes and 33 rRNA genes were obtained. Genomic analysis of strain 143-21 revealed that numerous genes related to organic matter transport and catabolism, including peptide transport, amino acid transport, saccharide transport, ethanolamine transport and corresponding metabolic pathways. Further, the genome contains a large proportion of genes involved in translation, ribosomal structure, and signal transduction. These genes might facilitate microbial survival in deep-sea hydrothermal vent environment. The genome of strain 143-21 will be helpful for further understanding its adaptive strategies in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent environment.
Published: 2021
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14. Upper‐Hybrid Waves Driven by Meandering Electrons Around Magnetic Reconnection X Line

Author: Daniel J. Gershman, Cunguo Wang, Wangping Li, Binbin Tang, Benoit Lavraud, Christopher T. Russell, James L. Burch, Cecilia Norgren, Daniel B. Graham, P. A. Lindqvist, Ari Le, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, Andris Vaivads, Roy B. Torbert, Quanming Lu, Stephen A. Fuselier, Kyunghwan Dokgo, Jan Egedal, Mats André, Jin He, Xiaocheng Guo, Robert E. Ergun, Ferdinand Plaschke, Keizo Fujimoto, Barbara L. Giles, O. Le Contel, State Key Laboratory of Space Weather [Beijing] (SKSW), National Space Science Center [Beijing] (NSSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Department of Physics and Technology [Bergen] (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), School of Space and Environment [Beijing], Beihang University (BUAA), School of Earth and Space Sciences [Beijing], Peking University [Beijing], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of New Hampshire (UNH), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Weltraumforschung = Space Research institute [Graz] (IWF), Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), State Key Laboratory for Space Weather [Beijing] (SKSW), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Weltraumforschung [Graz] (IWF), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Magnetic reconnection, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Geophysics, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Line (formation)
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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15. Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Age Distribution and Hf Isotopic Constraints From the Terrigenous Sediments of the Song Chay Suture Zone (NE Vietnam) and Their Paleogeographic Implications on the Eastern Paleo‐Tethys Evolution

Author: Tich van Vu, Fei Liu, Wei Lin, Hoai Luong Thi Thu, Wei Wei, Vuong van Nguyen, Yin Wang, Michel Faure, Claude Lepvrier, Yang Chu, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
Subjects: Provenance, South china, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleozoic, Terrigenous sediment, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Age distribution, Suture (geology), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, Zircon
Abstract: The location of the suture zone between the South China Block (SCB) and the Indochina Block (IB) is disputed. Recently, along the Song Chay (Chay river) belt, a melange zone was proposed as a potential suture zone of the SCB and IB. However, the provenance and age of the Song Chay melange is poorly known. In order to better constrain the age and provenance of the elements forming the Song Chay melange, nine samples of detrital material, and one orthogneiss were subjected to zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope analysis. Detrital zircons from the silty matrix of the Song Chay melange record three major Neoproterozoic age clusters at 580–650, 700–800, and 900–1,000 Ma, which correspond well to the substratum of the SCB. Two minor Late and Early Paleozoic age groups at 270–330, and 420–500 Ma, with mainly negative eHf(t) values were also recovered. We consider that the zircons in the matrix of the melange were mainly derived from the subducting plate, namely the SCB. This interpretation is supported by the occurrence of lensoid sandstone blocks, representing the substratum of the SCB, included into the melange. The deposition age of the Song Chay melange is between 310 and 250 Ma. Our results demonstrate that in an ophiolitic melange, the detrital material does not invariably come from the overriding plate, but at the onset of the collision, the subducting continental plate may also supply the terrigenous material.
Published: 2021
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16. An oxalate cathode for lithium ion batteries with combined cationic and polyanionic redox

Author: Hui-Ming Cheng, Philip Lightfoot, Suchinda Sattayaporn, Chenghua Sun, Xiaolong Zhou, Wenjiao Yao, Moulay Tahar Sougrati, Chunlei Jiang, Yongbing Tang, Nanzhong Wu, A. Robert Armstrong, Bifa Ji, Sarayut Tunmee, Pinit Kidkhunthod, University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM, School of Chemistry [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research [Chinese Academy of Sciences] (IMR), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Science, Inorganic chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Redox, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Oxalate, Article, law.invention, Ion, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Batteries, law, QD, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, lcsh:Science, R2C, Electrode material, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Gas evolution reaction, Cationic polymerization, DAS, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, QD Chemistry, Cathode, 030104 developmental biology, Lithium, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, BDC
Abstract: The growing demand for advanced lithium-ion batteries calls for the continued development of high-performance positive electrode materials. Polyoxyanion compounds are receiving considerable interest as alternative cathodes to conventional oxides due to their advantages in cost, safety and environmental friendliness. However, polyanionic cathodes reported so far rely heavily upon transition-metal redox reactions for lithium transfer. Here we show a polyanionic insertion material, Li2Fe(C2O4)2, in which in addition to iron redox activity, the oxalate group itself also shows redox behavior enabling reversible charge/discharge and high capacity without gas evolution. The current study gives oxalate a role as a family of cathode materials and suggests a direction for the identification and design of electrode materials with polyanionic frameworks., Polyoxyanion compounds are alternative cathodes to conventional oxides, but their reliance on the transition metal redox limits the performance. Here the authors report an oxalate system which possesses additional polyanionic redox reactivity, suggesting a new direction for cathode materials design.
Published: 2019
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17. The Future of Complementarity: Disentangling Causes from Consequences

Author: Forest Isbell, Bernhard Schmid, Alexandra J. Wright, Alexandru Milcu, Christian Wirth, Alexandra Weigelt, Jasper van Ruijven, Gerlinde B. De Deyn, Christiane Roscher, Yongfei Bai, Kathryn E. Barry, Liesje Mommer, Hans de Kroon, John Connolly, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, Albert Ludwigs University, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich University, Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of Zurich, and Barry, Kathryn E
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biotic feedbacks, Evolution, Biodiversity, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Complementarity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Feedback, Behavior and Systematics, Stress amelioration, Economics, Ecosystem, Biomass, Abiotic facilitation, 910 Geography & travel, Resource tracers, Resource partitioning, Bodembiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Abiotic component, Plant–soil feedback, Ecology, Plant Ecology, Soil Biology, Complementarity effect, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Complementarity (physics), 10122 Institute of Geography, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem functioning, Plant-soil feedback, Facilitation, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Monoculture, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as overperformance in mixture relative to monoculture (e.g., 'complementarity effect'). This overperformance is then attributed to the intuitive idea of complementarity or, more specifically, to species resource partitioning. Locally, however, several unassociated causes may drive this overperformance. Here, we differentiate complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems: (i) resource partitioning, (ii) abiotic facilitation, and (iii) biotic feedbacks. We argue that disentangling these three causes is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss.
Published: 2019
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18. Simulated contribution of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation to the west Eurasia cooling in 1998-2013

Author: Lingling Suo, Guillaume Gastineau, Yongqi Gao, Yu-Chiao Liang, Rohit Ghosh, Tian Tian, Ying Zhang, Young-Oh Kwon, Odd Helge Otterå, Shuting Yang, Daniela Matei, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (NZC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Taoyuan City], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), NORCE Norwegian Research Center, and European Project: 727852,Blue-Action(2016)
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], General Environmental Science
Abstract: Large ensemble simulations with six atmospheric general circulation models involved are utilized to verify the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) impacts on the trend of Eurasian winter surface air temperatures (SAT) during 1998–2013, a period characterized by the prominent Eurasia cooling (EC). In our simulations, IPO brings a cooling trend over west-central Eurasia in 1998–2013, about a quarter of the observed EC in that area. The cooling is associated with the phase transition of the IPO to a strong negative. However, the standard deviation of the area-averaged SAT trends in the west EC region among ensembles, driven by internal variability intrinsic due to the atmosphere and land, is more than three times the isolated IPO impacts, which can shadow the modulation of the IPO on the west Eurasia winter climate.
Published: 2022
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19. Comparative genomic analysis of obligately piezophilic Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 reveals bacterial adaptation to the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench

Author: Wei-Jia Zhang, Siyu Zhou, Long-Fei Wu, Xiao-Qing Qi, Xue-Gong Li, Douglas H. Bartlett, Jian Yang, Thomas Guerin, Sophie Mangenot, Stéphanie Fouteau, Chan Zhang, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [Sanya] (IDSSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire de chimie bactérienne (LCB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Medical Science [Tianjin, China] (Peking Union Medical College), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California-University of California, International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms ( LIA-MagMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Challenger Deep, Obligate, Strain (chemistry), 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hadal zone, General Medicine, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 03 medical and health sciences, 13. Climate action, Bacterial microcompartment, Mariana Trench, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bacteria, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Hadal trenches are the deepest but underexplored ecosystems on the Earth. Inhabiting the trench bottom is a group of micro-organisms termed obligate piezophiles that grow exclusively under high hydrostatic pressures (HHP). To reveal the genetic and physiological characteristics of their peculiar lifestyles and microbial adaptation to extreme high pressures, we sequenced the complete genome of the obligately piezophilic bacterium Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 isolated from the deepest oceanic sediment at the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. Through comparative analysis against pressure sensitive and deep-sea piezophilic Moritella strains, we identified over a hundred genes that present exclusively in hadal strain DB21MT-5. The hadal strain encodes fewer signal transduction proteins and secreted polysaccharases, but has more abundant metal ion transporters and the potential to utilize plant-derived saccharides. Instead of producing osmolyte betaine from choline as other Moritella strains, strain DB21MT-5 ferments on choline within a dedicated bacterial microcompartment organelle. Furthermore, the defence systems possessed by DB21MT-5 are distinct from other Moritella strains but resemble those in obligate piezophiles obtained from the same geographical setting. Collectively, the intensive comparative genomic analysis of an obligately piezophilic strain Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 demonstrates a depth-dependent distribution of energy metabolic pathways, compartmentalization of important metabolism and use of distinct defence systems, which likely contribute to microbial adaptation to the bottom of hadal trench.
Published: 2021
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20. Early Neoproterozoic (870–820 Ma) amalgamation of the Tarim craton (northwestern China) and the final assembly of Rodinia

Author: Jinyou He, Yan Chen, Ross N. Mitchell, Pan Zhao, Chenglong Deng, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, Paleomagnetism, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Orogeny, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Supercontinent, Volcanic rock, Craton, Paleontology, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Rodinia, Laurentia, Baltica, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In the paleogeographic configuration of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent of Rodinia, the Tarim craton (northwestern China), traditionally seen as a single block, is placed either on the periphery near northern Australia or India or in a central position between Australia and Laurentia. To distinguish between these possibilities, we present here new primary paleomagnetic results from ca. 900 Ma volcanics in the Aksu region of the northwestern Tarim craton. The data reveal a ~28° latitudinal difference between the North Tarim and South Tarim blocks at ca. 900 Ma and constrain the age of amalgamation of the Tarim craton to between 870 and 820 Ma. Combining paleomagnetic poles from Tarim and major cratons of Rodinia with geological evidence, a two-stage orogenic model is proposed for the assembly of Rodinia. Late Mesoproterozoic orogenesis (1.3–1.0 Ga) led to the assembly of Australia–East Antarctica, Baltica, Umkondia, South Tarim, and Cathaysia with Laurentia, forming the core of Rodinia. Thereafter, the Jiangnan–Central Tarim Ocean separating North Tarim and Yangtze from South Tarim and Cathaysia was closed before ca. 820 Ma. This second Jiangnan–Central Tarim orogeny caused nearly coeval amalgamation of the peripheral Tarim and South China cratons by the welding of North Tarim and Yangtze to South Tarim and Cathaysia, respectively. The supercontinent of Rodinia was thus assembled by two orogenic phases separated by ~200 m.y.
Published: 2021
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21. Observations on a magnetotactic bacteria-grazing ciliate in sediment from the intertidal zone of Huiquan Bay, China

Author: Si Chen, Kaixuan Cui, Wenyan Zhang, Yicong Zhao, Tian Xiao, Hongmiao Pan, Wuchang Zhang, Long-Fei Wu, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science (KLMEES), CAS Institute of Oceanology (IOCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms ( LIA-MagMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie bactérienne (LCB), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, magnetoreception, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], graze, magnetotactic bacteria, Oceanography, ciliate, magnetically responsive protist, magnetosome, 030304 developmental biology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of prokaryotes having the ability to orient and swim along geomagnetic field lines because they contain intracellular magnetosomes, which are synthesized through a biomineralization process. Magnetosomes have recently also been found in unicellular eukaryotes, which are referred to as magnetically responsive protists (MRPs). The magnetosomes have three origins in MRPs. In this study we characterized a MTB-grazing ciliated MRP that was magnetically collected from intertidal sediment of Huiquan Bay, China. Based on 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the ciliated MRP was tentatively identified as Uronemella parafilificum HQ. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed that magnetosomes having 2-3 shapes were randomly distributed within this ciliate. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of the magnetosomes were consistent with them being composed of magnetite. Magnetosomes having the same shape and mineral composition were also detected in MTB that occurred in the same environment as the ciliated MRP. Statistical analysis showed that the size and shape of the magnetosomes in the ciliated MRP were similar to those in MTB. The results suggest that this ciliated MRP can graze, ingest, and digest various types of MTB. It is certainly worth noting that this is the first record of MRPs in Asian aquatic sediment and suggesting they might be widely distributed. These results also support the assertion that MRPs probably contribute to the ecological cycles of iron, and expand possibilities for research into the mechanism of magnetoreception in eukaryotes.
Published: 2021
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22. The Malina oceanographic expedition: How do changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean?

Author: P. Massicotte, R. M. W. Amon, D. Antoine, P. Archambault, S. Balzano, S. Bélanger, R. Benner, D. Boeuf, A. Bricaud, F. Bruyant, G. Chaillou, M. Chami, B. Charrière, J. Chen, H. Claustre, P. Coupel, N. Delsaut, D. Doxaran, J. Ehn, C. Fichot, M.-H. Forget, P. Fu, J. Gagnon, N. Garcia, B. Gasser, J.-F. Ghiglione, G. Gorsky, M. Gosselin, P. Gourvil, Y. Gratton, P. Guillot, H. J. Heipieper, S. Heussner, S. B. Hooker, Y. Huot, C. Jeanthon, W. Jeffrey, F. Joux, K. Kawamura, B. Lansard, E. Leymarie, H. Link, C. Lovejoy, C. Marec, D. Marie, J. Martin, J. Martín, G. Massé, A. Matsuoka, V. McKague, A. Mignot, W. L. Miller, J.-C. Miquel, A. Mucci, K. Ono, E. Ortega-Retuerta, C. Panagiotopoulos, T. Papakyriakou, M. Picheral, L. Prieur, P. Raimbault, J. Ras, R. A. Reynolds, A. Rochon, J.-F. Rontani, C. Schmechtig, S. Schmidt, R. Sempéré, Y. Shen, G. Song, D. Stramski, E. Tachibana, A. Thirouard, I. Tolosa, J.-É. Tremblay, M. Vaïtilingom, D. Vaulot, F. Vaultier, J. K. Volkman, H. Xie, G. Zheng, M. Babin, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science [Galveston], Texas A&M University [Galveston], Department of Oceanography [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment [Columbia] (SEOE), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry [Guiyang] (SKLEG), Institute of Geochemistry [Guiyang], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Institute of Surface-Earth System Science of Tianjin University, Tianjin University (TJU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Department of Environmental Biotechnology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), GSFC Ocean Ecology Laborator, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Département de géomatique appliquée [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of west Florida, Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies (CIAS), Chubu University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Maritime Systems [Rostock], Universität Rostock, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES), University of the Virgin Islands (UVI), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Department of Marine Sciences [Athens], University of Georgia [USA], International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories Monaco (IAEA-EL), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Montréal] (EPS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra (ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, School of Marine Science and Technology [Tianjin], Department of Physics [Columbus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies (LARGE), Université des Antilles (UA), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Department of Earth Sciences [Amsterdam], VU University Amsterdam, NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation [Pensacola] (UWF | CEDB), University of West Florida [Pensacola] (UWF), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e islas del Atlántico Sur (UNTDF), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (OSU ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies [UR2_1] (LARGE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), ANR-08-BLAN-0308,Malina,How changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact on biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean(2008), European Project: 0713915(2007), European Project: 1504137(2015), European Project: 0229302(2002), European Project: 0425582(2004), European Project: 0713991(2007), Asian School of the Environment, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (ECCE TERRA), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Temperature Rise, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, BEAUFORT SEA, Ice field, SEA ICE, Geology [Science], Permafrost, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Transect, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, ARCTIC OCEAN, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Permafrost Thawing, Pelagic zone, Estuary, lcsh:Geology, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, MALINA
Abstract: The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables were measured across seven shelf basin transects (south north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to compile and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. Fil: Massicotte, Philippe. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Amon, Rainer. Texas A&M University; Estados Unidos Fil: Antoine, David. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Archambault, Philippe. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Balzano, Sergio. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bélanger, Simon. Université du Québec a Montreal; Canadá Fil: Benner, Ronald. University Of South Carolina; Estados Unidos Fil: Boeuf, Dominique. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bricaud, Annick. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bruyant, Flavienne. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Chaillou, Gwenaelle. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Chami, Malik. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Charrière, Bruno. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Chen, Jing. Tianjin University; China Fil: Claustre, Herve. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Coupel, Pierre. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Delsaut, Nicole. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Doxaran, David. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Ehn, Jens. University of Manitoba; Canadá Fil: Fichot, Cedric. Boston University; Estados Unidos Fil: Forget, Marie Helene. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Fu, Pingqing. Tianjin University; China Fil: Gagnon, Jonathan. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Garcia, Nicole. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Gasser, Beat. No especifíca; Fil: Ghiglione, Jean Francois. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gorsky, Gaby. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gosselin, Michel. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Gourvil, Priscillia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gratton, Yves. Centre Eau Terre Environnement; Canadá Fil: Guillot, Pascal. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Heipieper, Hermann. Helmholtz Zentrum Für Umweltforschung; Alemania Fil: Heussner, Serge. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Hooker, Stanford. Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Huot, Yannick. University of Sherbrooke; Canadá Fil: Jeanthon, Christian. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Jeffrey, Wade. University Of West Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Joux, Fabien. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Kawamura, Kimitaka. Chubu University; Japón Fil: Lansard, Bruno. No especifíca; Fil: Leymarie, Edouard. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Link, Heike. Universität Rostock; Alemania Fil: Lovejoy, Connie. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Marec, Claudie. Laval University; Canadá. Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Francia Fil: Marie, Dominique. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Martin, Johannie. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Martín de Nascimento, Jacobo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Massé, Guillaume. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Matsuoka, Atsushi. Laval University; Canadá Fil: McKague, Vanessa. University of Virginia; Estados Unidos Fil: Mignot, Alexandre. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Miller, William. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Miquel, Juan Carlos. No especifíca; Fil: Mucci, Alfonso. McGill University; Canadá Fil: Ono, Kaori. No especifíca; Fil: Ortega-Retuerta, Eva. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Panagiotopoulos, Christos. Aix Marseille Université Marsella.; Francia Fil: Papakyriakou, Tim. University of Manitoba; Canadá Fil: Picheral, Marc. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Prieur, Louis. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Raimbault, Patrick. No especifíca; Fil: Ras, Josephine. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Reynolds, Rick. Marine Physical Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Rochon, Andre. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Rontani, Jean Francois. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Schmechtig, Catherine. Observatoire Des Sciences de L'univers; Francia Fil: Schmidt, Sabine. No especifíca; Fil: Sempéré, Richard. Aix Marseille Université,Marsella.; Francia Fil: Shen, Yuan. No especifíca; Fil: Song, Guisheng. Tianjin University; China Fil: Stramski, Dariusz. Marine Physical Laboratory; Francia Fil: Tachibana, Eri. Hokkaido University; Japón Fil: Thirouard, Alexandre. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Tolosa, Imma. No especifíca; Fil: Tremblay, Jean Eric. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Vaïtilingom, Mickael. Université Des Antilles; Francia Fil: Vaulot, Daniel. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Vaultier, Frederic. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Volkman, John. Csiro Marine And Atmospheric Research; Australia Fil: Xie, Huixiang. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Zheng, Guangming. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Babin, Marcel. Laval University; Canadá
Published: 2021
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23. Structural control on shallow hydrogeochemical processes at Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC), Argentina

Author: Emilie Roulleau, Daniele L. Pinti, Pablo Sanchez-Alfaro, Diego Morata, Daniele Tardani, Martin Reich, Pamela Pérez-Flores, Luc Richard, Linda Daniele, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra [Valdivia] (ICT ), Facultad de Ciencias [Valdivia], Universidad Austral de Chile-Universidad Austral de Chile, Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA), Universidad de Chile, Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research [China], Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), and Universidad de Chile
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Hot spring, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Radiogenic nuclide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Context (language use), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of strontium, Volcanic rock, Geophysics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Meteoric water, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Geothermal gradient, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC) hosts one of Argentina's most important geothermal systems. To provide new insights into origin, circulation, and residence time of fluids, the chemical and isotopic composition (3 He/ 4 He, δ 2 H-δ 18 O in H 2 O; δ 13 C-δ 18 O in CO 2 ; 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) of thermal waters was measured together with the 3 H and 14 C activities. Water samples were collected from hot springs (LM, TC, LMM, CB and AF) representing the five major thermal zones of the CCVC and assumed to be steam-heated meteoric waters, and a well condensate (COP-2). The LMM, CB, and AF chemical composition and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios show that water chemistry is acquired locally from exchange with volcanic rocks (Sr, SiO 2 , among others) and from steam (H 2 S). Two surface geothermal manifestations (LM and TC), along with the well condensate, COP-2, contain a higher contribution of deeporiginating fluids, with 87 Sr/ 86 Sr indicating possible contribution from deep-seated granitoids or sediments from the underlying basement. Radiocarbon-based residence times indicate ages ranging between 13,540 and 17,520 yrs. BP, representing the minimum age for the geothermal reservoir waters. Tritium is mainly absent in hot spring waters except for LMM and CB where the activity is close to the detection limit. This indicates a minimum age older than 70 yrs. for the water circulating in the shallow circuit. This result suggests that shallow meteoric water have a more complex and/or deeper circuit, resulting in older residence times. Helium isotopes in the CCVC span a wide range, from a pure mantle-derived value, of 8.35Ra, to a more crustal radiogenic signature, of 4.6Ra. The spatial variation is explained by associating the geochemical data with the geological context, which includes the distribution of fault-fracture meshes and different sources of magmatic volatiles underlying the Copahue volcano. The first order control on helium isotope signatures observed in this study seems to be dominated by the degree of crustal assimilation of the magmatic sources, which is in turn controlled by the local arrays of faults.
Published: 2021
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24. The Shared Resistome of Human and Pig Microbiota Is Mobilized by Distinct Genetic Elements

Author: Jie Feng, Yuqin Song, Chao Wang, Na Tang, Gang Zhang, Sébastien O. Leclercq, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 31872632, 31861133001 and 31870134), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], human and pig microbiota, Context (language use), Biology, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 03 medical and health sciences, antibiotic resistance genes, Antibiotic resistance, medicine, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, 030306 microbiology, Public and Environmental Health Microbiology, mobile genetic elements, Pathogenic bacteria, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Resistome, Metagenomics, Mobile genetic elements, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; The extensive use of antibiotics in hospitals and in the animal breeding industry has promoted antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which resulted in the emergence of a large number of antibiotic resistance genes in the intestinal tract of human and farmed animals. Genetic exchange of resistance genes between the two ecosystems is now well documented for pathogenic bacteria, but the repertoire of shared resistance genes in the commensal bacterial community and by which genetic modules they are disseminated are still unclear. By analyzing metagenomics data of human and pig intestinal samples both collected in Shenzhen, China, a set of 27 highly prevalent antibiotic resistance genes was found to be shared between human and pig intestinal microbiota. The mobile genetic context for 11 of these core antibiotic resistance genes could be identified by mining their carrying scaffolds constructed from the two datasets, leading to the detection of seven integrative and conjugative/mobilizable elements and two IS-related transposons. The comparison of the relative abundances between these detected mobile genetic elements and their associated antibiotic resistance genes revealed that for many genes, the estimated contribution of the mobile elements to the gene abundance differs strikingly depending on the host. These findings indicate that although some antibiotic resistance genes are ubiquitous across microbiota of human and pig populations, they probably relied on different genetic elements for their dissemination within each population.IMPORTANCE There is growing concern that antibiotic resistance genes could spread from the husbandry environment to human pathogens through dissemination mediated by mobile genetic elements. In this study, we investigated the contribution of mobile genetic elements to the abundance of highly prevalent antibiotic resistance genes found in commensal bacteria of both human and pig intestinal microbiota originating from the same region. Our results reveal that for most of these antibiotic resistance genes, the abundance is not explained by the same mobile genetic element in each host, suggesting that the human and pig microbial communities promoted a different set of mobile genetic carriers for the same antibiotic resistance genes. These results deepen our understanding of the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among and between human and pig gut microbiota.
Published: 2021
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25. Nighttime transpiration represents a negligible part of water loss and does not increase the risk of water stress in grapevine

Author: Dayer, Silvina, Herrera, Jose Carlos, Dai, Zhanwu, Burlett, Régis, Lamarque, Laurent, Delzon, Sylvain, Bortolami, Giovanni, Cochard, Hervé, Gambetta, Grégory, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology/CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Departement des sciences de l’environnement [Trois-Rivieres], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), French Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood, and Forestry (FranceAgriMer and CNIV) within the PHYSIOPATH project (program Plan National Deperissement du Vignoble)22001150-1506ERA-NETARIMNET2 projectOpportunities for an Environmental-friendly Viticulture: EnViRoS, ANR-10-EQPX-0016,XYLOFOREST,Plateforme d'Innovation ' Forêt-Bois-Fibre-Biomasse du Futur '(2010), ANR-10-IDEX-0003,IDEX BORDEAUX,Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeaux(2010), and Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU)
Subjects: Dehydration, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Water, Biological Transport, Plant Transpiration, Original Articles, Stomatal conductance, Carbon, Water loss, Circadian Clocks, Circadian regulation, Plant Stomata, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Original Article, Vitis, Grapevine, Nighttime transpiration, Stomata
Abstract: Nighttime transpiration has been previously reported as a significant source of water loss in many species; however, there is a need to determine if this trait plays a key role in the response to drought. This study aimed to determine the magnitude, regulation and relative contribution to whole plant water‐use, of nighttime stomatal conductance (g night) and transpiration (E night) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Our results showed that nighttime water loss was relatively low compared to daytime transpiration, and that decreases in soil and plant water potentials were mainly explained by daytime stomatal conductance (g day) and transpiration (E day). Contrary to E day, E night did not respond to VPD and possible effects of an innate circadian regulation were observed. Plants with higher g night also exhibited higher daytime transpiration and carbon assimilation at midday, and total leaf area, suggesting that increased g night may be linked with daytime behaviors that promote productivity. Modeling simulations indicated that g night was not a significant factor in reaching critical hydraulic thresholds under scenarios of either extreme drought, or time to 20% of soil relative water content. Overall, this study suggests that g night is not significant in exacerbating the risk of water stress and hydraulic failure in grapevine., Our study demonstrates that in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), nighttime water loss is not significant in exacerbating the risk of water stress, and in addition, we offer evidence that it may be positively linked to daytime productivity.
Published: 2021
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26. Exact Splitting Methods for Kinetic and Schrödinger Equations

Author: Joackim Bernier, Nicolas Crouseilles, Yingzhe Li, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Multi-scale numerical geometric schemes (MINGUS), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Rennes (UR), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing [Beijing] (LSEC), Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), ANR-17-CE40-0025,Nabuco,Frontières numériques et couplages(2017), ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Angular momentum, Quadratic differential operators, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Theoretical Computer Science, Schrödinger equation, symbols.namesake, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 0101 mathematics, Quadratic differential, Mathematics, Mathematical physics, Numerical Analysis, Applied Mathematics, Numerical analysis, General Engineering, Splitting methods, Rotating Bose Einstein condensate, 010101 applied mathematics, Computational Mathematics, Nonlinear system, Computational Theory and Mathematics, symbols, Fokker–Planck equation, Fokker-Planck, Rotation (mathematics), [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Software
Abstract: In (Bernier in Exact splitting methods for semigroups generated by inhomogeneous quadratic differential operators. arXiv:1912.13219 , (2019)), some exact splittings are proposed for inhomogeneous quadratic differential equations including, for example, transport equations, Fokker–Planck equations, and Schrodinger type equations with an angular momentum rotation term. In this work, these exact splittings are used combined with pseudo-spectral methods in space. High accuracy and efficiency of exact splitting methods are illustrated and comparison are performed with the numerical methods in literature. We show that our methods can be used to improve significantly some classical splitting methods for some nonlinear or non-quadratic equations.
Published: 2021
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27. Impacts of Arctic Sea Ice on Cold Season Atmospheric Variability and Trends Estimated from Observations and a Multi-model Large Ensemble

Author: Elisa Manzini, Guillaume Gastineau, Tian Tian, Young-Oh Kwon, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Yu-Chiao Liang, Stephen Yeager, Jennifer Mecking, Daniela Matei, Annalisa Cherchi, Yongqi Gao, Rohit Ghosh, Lingling Suo, Claude Frankignoul, Jisk Attema, Ying Zhang, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (NZC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Netherlands eScience Center, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), and European Project: 727852,Blue-Action(2016)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cold season, Sea ice, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arctic ice pack, Climate models, Atmospheric circulation, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: To examine the atmospheric responses to Arctic sea-ice variability in the Northern Hemisphere cold season (October to following March), this study uses a coordinated set of large-ensemble experiments of nine atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced with observed daily-varying sea-ice, sea-surface temperature, and radiative forcings prescribed during the 1979-2014 period, together with a parallel set of experiments where Arctic sea ice is substituted by its climatology. The simulations of the former set reproduce the near-surface temperature trends in reanalysis data, with similar amplitude, and their multi-model ensemble mean (MMEM) shows decreasing sea-level pressure over much of the polar cap and Eurasia in boreal autumn. The MMEM difference between the two experiments allows isolating the effects of Arctic sea-ice loss, which explain a large portion of the Arctic warming trends in the lower troposphere and drives a small but statistically significant weakening of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation. The observed interannual co-variability between sea-ice extent in the Barents-Kara Seas and lagged atmospheric circulation is distinguished from the effects of confounding factors based on multiple regression, and quantitatively compared to the co-variability in MMEMs. The interannual sea-ice decline followed by a negative North Atlantic Oscillation-like anomaly found in observations is also seen in the MMEM differences, with consistent spatial structure but much smaller amplitude. This result suggests that the sea-ice impacts on trends and interannual atmospheric variability simulated by AGCMs could be underestimated, but caution is needed because internal atmospheric variability may have affected the observed relationship.
Published: 2021
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28. Drier tropical and subtropical Southern Hemisphere in the mid-Pliocene Warm Period

Author: Wing-Le Chan, Yoichi Kame, Deepak Chandan, Andréa S. Taschetto, Ilana Wainer, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, W. Richard Peltier, Christian Stepanek, Alex Sen Gupta, Esther C. Brady, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Camille Contoux, Ning Tan, Julia Tindall, Gabriel M. Pontes, Ran Feng, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Gerrit Lohmann, Stephen J. Hunter, University of São Paulo (USP), Climate Change Research Centre [Sydney] (CCRC), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Center for Climate System Research [Kashiwa] (CCSR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Toronto, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Department of Physics [Toronto], School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Atmospheric circulation, lcsh:Medicine, Subtropics, Palaeoclimate, Convergence zone, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atmospheric science, Climate change, Precipitation, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Southern Hemisphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Northern Hemisphere, MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA, Tropics, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, lcsh:Q, Climate sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Thermodynamic arguments imply that global mean rainfall increases in a warmer atmosphere; however, dynamical effects may result in more significant diversity of regional precipitation change. Here we investigate rainfall changes in the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (~ 3 Ma), a time when temperatures were 2–3ºC warmer than the pre-industrial era, using output from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Projects phases 1 and 2 and sensitivity climate model experiments. In the Mid-Pliocene simulations, the higher rates of warming in the northern hemisphere create an interhemispheric temperature gradient that enhances the southward cross-equatorial energy flux by up to 48%. This intensified energy flux reorganizes the atmospheric circulation leading to a northward shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and a weakened and poleward displaced Southern Hemisphere Subtropical Convergences Zones. These changes result in drier-than-normal Southern Hemisphere tropics and subtropics. The evaluation of the mid-Pliocene adds a constraint to possible future warmer scenarios associated with differing rates of warming between hemispheres.
Published: 2020
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29. Knockout of VvCCD8 gene in grapevine affects shoot branching

Author: Chong Ren, Yuchen Guo, Shaohua Li, Zhenchang Liang, Fatma Lecourieux, Junhua Kong, Zhanwu Dai, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology/CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS (UCAS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Strigolactone, Genetically Modified, Plant Science, Genetically modified crops, Biology, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Dioxygenases, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Knockout Techniques, lcsh:Botany, Shoot branching, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vitis, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Gene, Carotenoid, CRISPR/Cas9, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Gene Editing, 0303 health sciences, Arabidopsis Proteins, fungi, CCD8, mutant, shoot branching, strigolactone, food and beverages, Plant, Herbaceous plant, Plants, Plants, Genetically Modified, Cell biology, lcsh:QK1-989, chemistry, Genes, Shoot, Expression cassette, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Plant Shoots, 010606 plant biology & botany, Research Article
Abstract: Background Shoot branching is an important trait of plants that allows them to adapt to environment changes. Strigolactones (SLs) are newly identified plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching in plants. The SL biosynthesis genes CCD7 (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7) and CCD8 have been found to regulate branching in several herbaceous plants by taking advantage of their loss-of-function mutants. However, the role for CCD7 and CCD8 in shoot branching control in grapevine is still unknown due to the lack of corresponding mutants. Results Here we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the VvCCD7 and VvCCD8 genes in the grape hybrid 41B. The 41B embryogenic cells can easily be transformed and used for regeneration of the corresponding transformed plants. Sequencing analysis revealed that gene editing has been used successfully to target both VvCCD genes in 41B embryogenic cells. After regeneration, six 41B plantlets were identified as transgenic plants carrying the CCD8-sgRNA expression cassette. Among these, four plants showed mutation in the target region and were selected as ccd8 mutants. These ccd8 mutants showed increased shoot branching compared to the corresponding wild-type plants. In addition, no off-target mutation was detected in the tested mutants at predicted off-target sites. Conclusions Our results underline the key role of VvCCD8 in the control of grapevine shoot branching.
Published: 2020
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30. A portable, low-cost relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system for quantifying ecosystem-level fluxes of volatile organics

Author: Oscar Vega, Jianhui Bai, Thomas Karl, Mark J. Potosnak, Benoit Burban, Damien Bonal, Andrew Turnipseed, Alex Guenther, C. Sarkar, Dominique Serça, Paula Regina Corain Lopes, S. Shertz, Department of Earth Sciences [University of Southern California], University of Southern California (USC), 2B Technologies Inc., National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, DePaul University [Chicago], Laboratory for middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares [São Paulo] (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Comissão National de Energia Nuclear (CNEN)-Universidade de São Paulo (USP), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), European Project: 0606953(2006), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)-Comissão National de Energia Nuclear (CNEN)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isoprene, Relaxed eddy accumulation (REA), Eddy covariance, Woodland, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Emission flux, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Deciduous, 13. Climate action, Forest ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Monoterpenes, Environmental science, Dominance (ecology), Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Tropical rainforest, Subalpine forest
Abstract: International audience; Quantification of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) fluxes into the atmosphere is crucial to understand their role in atmospheric oxidation and biogeochemical cycles. BVOC flux measurements were carried out in nine forest ecosystems using a relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) based sampling system, which is easily transportable, simple to operate and designed to be low-cost and therefore can easily be deployed at multiple remote locations. The REA measurements were carried out during daytime between 06:00 and 18:30 (Local Time) with a flux averaging period of 30 min. A detailed description of the REA sampling setup, operational procedure and validation by comparison with full eddy covariance (EC) BVOC flux measurements is provided. BVOC flux measurements from established long-term carbon and water flux tower sites in nine forest ecosystems are compared including Manitou Forest Observatory in Colorado, USA (pine woodland forest), Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site in Colorado, USA (subalpine forest), Deer Canyon Preserve in New Mexico, USA (pinyon-juniper forest), Lei bamboo forest site near Taihuyuan, China, Qianyanzhou ChinaFLUX site in China (pine forest), Baskett Wildfire Refuge MOFlux site in Missouri, USA (deciduous oak forest), University of Michigan Biological Station PROPHET site in Michigan, USA (mixed deciduous forest), Changbai Mountain Forest Research Station in China (mixed deciduous forest) and the Guyaflux site (GF-Guy) in French Guiana (tropical rainforest). BVOC flux measurements using our REA setup confirm dominance of 2,3,2- methylbutenol (2,3,2-MBO) at the Manitou Forest Observatory and Niwot Ridge sites in Colorado. Monoterpene fluxes measured by REA showed good agreement (within ±10%) with monoterpene fluxes measured by PTR-MS at the Manitou Forest Observatory. The MOFlux site in Missouri was dominated by isoprene emissions (average flux of ~ 9.5 mg m−2 h−1) whereas the Deer Canyon site was dominated by α-pinene emissions (average flux ~ 0.73 mg m−2 h−1). Mixed deciduous forest sites at the PROPHET Station in Michigan and Changbai Mountain Forest Research Station in China primarily emitted isoprene along with some α-pinene, β-pinene and d-Limonene. Isoprene and α-pinene were the dominant BVOCs emitted from the subtropical Lei bamboo plantation at the Taihuyuan site in China while the pine forest site at Qianyanzhou in China were dominated by α-pinene emissions along with significant isoprene. BVOC measurements across different seasons (during 2009–2011) at a tropical forest site in French Guiana (Guyaflux site) revealed the dominance of isoprene emissions during all seasons. Irrespective of the type of the forest ecosystem, α-pinene was among the dominant monoterpenes emitted from all nine forests.
Published: 2020
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31. Phase Transition in a Memristive Suspended MoS 2 Monolayer Probed by Opto- and Electro-Mechanics

Author: Alan Durnez, Julien Chaste, Meng-Qiang Zhao, A. T. Charlie Johnson, Shengbai Zhang, Lama Khalil, Xavier Lafosse, Junhyeok Bang, Chen Si, Abdelkarim Ouerghi, Imen Hnid, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS (UMR_7086)), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science (KLMEES), CAS Institute of Oceanology (IOCAS), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)
Subjects: Phase transition, Materials science, Nucleation, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, photocurrent, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Crystal, Vacancy defect, Phase (matter), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Monolayer, nanomechanic, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], memristor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, General Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 2D materials, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, phase transition, Chemical physics, 0210 nano-technology, Nanomechanics
Abstract: Semiconducting monolayer of 2D material are able to concatenate multiple interesting properties into a single component. Here, by combining opto-mechanical and electronic measurements, we demonstrate the presence of a partial 2H-1T phase transition in a suspended 2D monolayer membrane of MoS2. Electronic transport shows unexpected memristive properties in the MoS2 membrane, in the absence of any external dopants. A strong mechanical softening of the membrane is measured concurrently and may only be related to the phase 2H-1T phase transition which imposes a 3percent directional elongation of the topological 1T phase with respect to the semiconducting 2H. We note that only a few percent 2H- 1T phase switching is sufficient to observe measurable memristive effects. Our experimental results combined with First-principles total energy calculations indicate that sulfur vacancy diffusion plays a key role in the initial nucleation of the phase transition. Our study clearly shows that nanomechanics represents an ultrasensitive technique to probe the crystal phase transition in 2D materials or thin membranes. Finally, a better control of the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the observed memristive effect in MoS2 is important for the implementation of future devices., Comment: ACS nano (2020)
Published: 2020
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32. Testing trait plasticity over the range of spectral composition of sunlight in forb species differing in shade tolerance

Author: Yoshinori Murai, Qingwei Wang, Thomas Matthew Robson, Marta Pieristè, Riichi Oguchi, Hiroko Kurokawa, Michio Oguro, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology [Helsinki], Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University [Sendai], Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, CAS Young Talents Program Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science17F1740317H03736Academy of FinlandEuropean Commission304519324555GRR-TERA SCALE (UFOSE Project), Canopy Spectral Ecology and Ecophysiology, and Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), solar radiation, GREEN, GRADIENTS, Plant Science, Plasticity, Biology, BLUE-LIGHT PHOTORECEPTORS, 01 natural sciences, LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, shade tolerance, 03 medical and health sciences, light niche, INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE, Botany, functional traits, PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION, Shade tolerance, spectral composition, SEEDLINGS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Spectral composition, phenotypical plasticity, 030304 developmental biology, Sunlight, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, ROLES, Ecology, fungi, understorey species, 15. Life on land, ARABIDOPSIS, 11831 Plant biology, Photosynthetically active radiation, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Trait, Forb, temperate forests, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, RESPONSES, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Although sunlight is essential for plant growth and development, the relative importance of each spectral region in shaping functional traits is poorly understood, particularly in dynamic light environments such as forest ecosystems.We examined responses of 25 functional traits from groups of 11 shade-intolerant and 12 understorey shade-tolerant forb species grown outdoors under five filter treatments differing in spectral transmittance: (a) transmitting c. 95% of solar radiation (280-800 nm); (b) attenuating ultraviolet-B (UV-B); (c) attenuating all UV; (d) attenuating all UV and blue light; (e) attenuating all UV, blue and green light.Our results show that UV-B radiation mainly affected the biochemical traits but blue light mainly affected the physiological traits irrespective of functional strategy, whereas green light affected both sets of traits. This would suggest that differentiation among suites of functional trait responses proceeds according to light quality. Biomass accumulation was significantly increased by UV-A radiation (contrasting treatment [b] vs. [c]) among shade-intolerant but decreased by blue light among shade-tolerant species; green and red light affected whole-plant morphological development differently according to functional groups. Shade-tolerant species were more plastic than shade-intolerant species in response to each spectral region that we examined except for UV-B radiation.Synthesis. Our results show that differences in the spectral composition of sunlight can drive functional trait expression irrespective of total irradiance received. The different responses of functional traits between functional groups imply that shade-tolerant and intolerant species have adapted to utilize spectral cues differently in their respective light environments.
Published: 2020
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33. Room temperature ferromagnetism in ultra-thin van der Waals crystals of 1T-CrTe2

Author: Zhenhua Wang, Johann Coraux, Tongyao Zhang, Shun Feng, Anike Purbawati, Siyu Zhong, Qi Sui, Zhidong Zhang, Abdellali Hadj-Azzem, Bing-Wu Wang, Teng Yang, Zhi Wang, Guoqiang Yu, Xingdan Sun, Vincent Bouchiat, Xiufeng Han, Wanying Li, Nicolas Rougemaille, Manuel Nunez Regueiro, Zheng Han, Xiao Wang, Da Li, Baojuan Dong, Xing Wu, Long Liu, Hanwen Wang, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research [Chinese Academy of Sciences] (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beihang University (BUAA), Shanxi University, Zhejiang University, University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Systèmes hybrides de basse dimensionnalité (HYBRID), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (MagSup), Micro et NanoMagnétisme (MNM), Cristaux Massifs (CrisMass), Kunming University of Science and Technology (KMUST), Hangzhou Normal University, Graduate University of Chinese [Beijing] (UCAS), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)
Subjects: Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Magnetoresistance, Spintronics, Magnetism, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, symbols.namesake, Ferromagnetism, Magnet, Phase (matter), symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, van der Waals force, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spin-½
Abstract: Although many emerging new phenomena have been unraveled in two dimensional (2D) materials with long-range spin orderings, the usually low critical temperature in van der Waals (vdW) magnetic material has thus far hindered the related practical applications. Here, we show that ferromagnetism can hold above 300 K in a metallic phase of 1T-CrTe2 down to the ultra-thin limit. It thus makes CrTe2 so far the only known exfoliated ultra-thin vdW magnets with intrinsic long-range magnetic ordering above room temperature. An in-plane room-temperature negative anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) was obtained in ultra-thin CrTe2 devices, with a sign change in the AMR at lower temperature, with −0.6% and +5% at 300 and 10 K, respectively. Our findings provide insights into magnetism in ultra-thin CrTe2, expanding the vdW crystals toolbox for future room-temperature spintronic applications.
Published: 2020
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34. Genome analysis of Crassaminicella sp. SY095, an anaerobic mesophilic marine bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Southwest Indian Ridge

Author: Long-Fei Wu, Xue-Gong Li, Xiao-Qing Qi, Wei-Jia Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [Sanya] (IDSSE), International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms ( LIA-MagMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie bactérienne (LCB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0309904, 2016YFC0304905, and 2016YFC0302502)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 41806174, 91751202, and 91751108)LIA0858-MagMC from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), and ANR-11-INBS-0013,IFB (ex Renabi-IFB),Institut français de bioinformatique(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Clostridiaceae, Aquatic Science, Biology, Genome sequencing, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Chemoorganotroph, 03 medical and health sciences, Hydrothermal Vents, Genetics, Anaerobiosis, Gene, Indian Ocean, Prophage, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, 0303 health sciences, Whole Genome Sequencing, Ridge (biology), Ribosomal RNA, Peptide transport, Extreme environment, Sporulation, Genome, Bacterial, Chemoheterotroph, Hydrothermal vent
Abstract: International audience; Crassaminicella sp. strain SY095 is an anaerobic mesophilic marine bacterium that was recently isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of strain SY095. The genome consists of a chromosome of 3,046,753 bp (G + C content of 30.81%) and a plasmid of 36,627 bp (G + C content of 31.29%), encodes 2966 protein, 135 tRNA genes, and 34 rRNA genes. Numerous genes are related to peptide transport, amino acid metabolism, motility, and sporulation. This agrees with the observation that strain SY095 is a spore-forming, motile, and chemoheterotrophic bacterium. Further, the genome harbors multiple prophages that carry all the genes necessary for viral particle synthesis. Some prophages carry additional genes that may be involved in the regulation of sporulation. This is the first reported genome of a bacterium from the genus Crassaminicella, providing insights into the microbial adaptation strategies to the deep-sea hydrothermal vent environment.
Published: 2020
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35. Triassic−Jurassic evolution of the eastern North China Craton: Insights from the Lushun-Dalian area, South Liaodong Peninsula, NE China

Author: Huabiao Qiu, Michel Faure, Wei Lin, Zhiheng Ren, Jipei Zeng, Lingtong Meng, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, Dike, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proterozoic, Superimposed compressional deformation, Geochemistry, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Unconformity, Cretaceous, Volcanic rock, Craton, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mesozoic tectonics of East Asia, Thrust fault, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract: The Lushun-Dalian area of the South Liaodong Peninsula, in NE China, located in the SE margin of the North China Craton (NCC) exposes a suite of Middle-Late Proterozoic low-grade metamorphic sedimentary rocks which can be divided into a lower competent layer, a middle incompetent layer, and an upper competent layer on the basis of lithology and deformation style. Two stages of deformation recorded both in the metasedimentary rocks and a magmatic complex intruded in them indicate that the Lushun-Dalian area is a key region to decipher the Triassic–Jurassic tectonic evolution of the eastern NCC. The earliest D1 deformation mylonitized the magmatic complex and thrusted it northeastward over the low-grade metasedimentary rocks, in which a series of NE-verging folds and NE-directed brittle thrust faults developed. The D2 deformation erased the D1 fabrics in the incompetent layer by a top-to-the-NW ductile shearing and refolded the D1 fabrics in the lower and upper competent units, producing a series of km-scale SW-plunging folds. New zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Pb ages from the magmatic complex and the granite porphyry dikes intruded in it, combined with the unconformity between the low-grade metasedimentary rocks and the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks, indicate that D1 and D2 occurred after 211 Ma and before the Early Cretaceous. The decrease of the deformation intensity of D1 and D2 from the Lushun-Dalian area toward the interior of the NCC in the NE and NW directions suggests that D1 was the structural response in the overriding plate to the NCC-South China Block convergence during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, and D2 was the structural response to the northwestward subduction of the Paleo–Pacific plate beneath the NCC in the Middle-Late Jurassic. The superimposition of D2 on D1 recorded a significant tectonic transformation from the nearly E-W–trending Tethysian domain to the NE-SW–trending Pacific domain.
Published: 2020
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36. Functional Characterization of the Arabidopsis Ammonium Transporter AtAMT1;3 With the Emphasis on Structural Determinants of Substrate Binding and Permeation Properties

Author: Jin-Yan Zhou, Shu-Xia Liu, Ya-Nan Huang, Yanhua Su, Shunying Yang, Dongli Hao, Hervé Sentenac, Anne-Aliénor Véry, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Beijing Computing Center [Beijing, China], Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, AtAMT1, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], homology modeling, Xenopus, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, electrophysiological assessment, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Arabidopsis, transport mechanism, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, substrate binding, lcsh:SB1-1110, Ammonium, Homology modeling, Binding site, Uniporter, Original Research, biology, Transporter, Permeation, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biophysics, point mutation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; AtAMT1;3 is a major contributor to high-affinity ammonium uptake in Arabidopsis roots. Using a stable electrophysiological recording strategy, we demonstrate in Xenopus laevis oocytes that AtAMT1;3 functions as a typical high-affinity NH4 + uniporter independent of protons and Ca2+. The findings that AtAMT1;3 transports methylammonium (MeA+, a chemical analog of NH4 +) with extremely low affinity (K m in the range of 2.9-6.1 mM) led to investigate the mechanisms underlying substrate binding. Homologous modeling and substrate docking analyses predicted that the deduced substrate binding motif of AtAMT1;3 facilitates the binding of NH4 + ions but loosely accommodates the binding of MeA+ to a more superficial location of the permeation pathway. Amongst point mutations tested based on this analysis, P181A resulted in both significantly increased current amplitudes and substrate binding affinity, whereas F178I led to opposite effects. Thus these 2 residues, which flank W179, a major structural component of the binding site, are also important determinants of AtAMT1;3 transport capacity by being involved in substrate binding. The Q365K mutation neighboring the histidine residue H378, which confines the substrate permeation tunnel, affected only the current amplitudes but not the binding affinities, providing evidence that Q365 mainly controls the substrate diffusion rate within the permeation pathway.
Published: 2020
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37. Enhancing Blue Emission in Ce Doped Silicon Oxynitrides Based Electroluminescent Devices

Author: Ch. Dufour, Christophe Labbé, O. Blázquez, Wojciech M. Jadwisienczak, C. Guillaume, David C. Ingram, Baodan Liu, B. Garrido, F. Ehré, Xavier Portier, Julien Cardin, F. Gourbilleau, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering (DEBE), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), EME/CeRMAE/IN2UB Universitat de Barcelona, Interface biomatériaux/Tissus hôtes, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research [Chinese Academy of Sciences] (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering / Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica [Spain] (DEBE)
Subjects: Sialon, Materials science, Silicon, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Nitride, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], chemistry.chemical_compound, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Doping, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Indium tin oxide, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, chemistry, Silicon nitride, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Ce-doped SiO x N y and SiAlON matrices are promising materials for blue LED applications. The uniqueness of this approach stems from the fact that SiO x N y , as a host, combines specific properties of individual SiO x and SiN y matrices like solubility, efficient emission, 5 eV gap, with a broad excitation range from 400 nm to 500 nm of Ce 3+ ions due to the 4f-5d transitions. Furthermore, the co-doping with aluminum enhances the Ce 3+ emission. In this work, we fabricated electroluminescent devices using SiO x N y :Ce 3+ and SiAlON:Ce 3+ as active layers and investigated the resulting emission under optical and electrical excitations as a function of nitrogen, cerium and aluminum concentrations. I-V measurements were conducted to determine the SiO x N y :Ce 3+ layer electrical parameters. Charge transport through the devices obeys the Poole-Frenkel conduction mechanism. It was demonstrated that by optimizing the SiO x N y :Ce 3+ growth parameters, an improvement of electroluminescence yield can be achieved with a maximum intensity obtained for devices with cerium content of 4 at.%. Rare earth (RE) doped silicon based materials have been extensively investigated in the past few years. Various hosts were doped with Er 3+ ions that emit at 1.5 μm corresponding to the maximum transparency of silica used in telecommunications. 1 For the Ce 3+ ion, up to date, only a few studies have been reported on its electrolu-minescence (EL). 2 Among the silicon-based matrices, silica (SiO 2) and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4) have been explored; however, each of them present certain advantages and drawbacks. In the case of silica matrices , achievement of strong RE 3+ ions emission is limited by a low excitation cross section, 3 a low RE solubility as well as RE clusters formation. 4,5 However, the main drawback limiting SiO 2 : RE 3+ light emitting applications comes from the large bandgap of the matrix (∼9 eV) resulting in low electrical conductivity. On the other hand, Si 3 N 4 with a smaller energy bandgap (4 eV) and reduced tendency of the RE to form clusters, seems to be more suitable for RE doping. 6-8 However, despite these advantages, the emission efficiency from RE 3+ ions in a nitride matrix is much lower than in silica matrix. 9 To capitalize on the RE doping advantages offered by both oxide and nitride silicon matrices, a Ce-doped SiO x N y matrix has been explored by Ramirez et al. 10 It was reported that the maximum EL peak from Ce 3+ ion shifted from 400 nm to 476 nm as function of the nitrogen concentration (i.e. the nephelauxetic effect). 10,11 Koao et al. showed that aluminum co-doping Ce-doped SiO 2 glasses lead to an enhancement of photoluminescence emission. 12 In this work, Ce-doped Si(Al)O x N y layers with a typical thickness of 50 nm were grown by sputter de-position. Photoluminescence (PL) from the SiO x N y :Ce 3+ layers and EL from this active layer were examined for device performance as a function of growth parameters and material composition. Experimental Active layer preparation.-The devices were fabricated in a few step processes. First, the Ce-doped SiO x N y active layer was grown by magnetron reactive sputtering with 8 sccm for Ar and 2 sccm for N 2 on 2-inch diameter (001) p-type silicon wafers. During the growth, the chamber base pressure was fixed at 3 mTorr and the substrate temperature was at room temperature (RT). Additional information on the growth process can be found in the following Reference 11. z Samples were deposited from CeO 2 , Al and Si targets with density of power varied from 0 to 2.1 W.cm −2 , 0.3 to 0.75 W.cm −2 and fixed at 4.5 W/cm 2 , respectively. As-deposited films were then thermally annealed in the 600°C to 1200°C temperature range for 1 h, in nitrogen atmosphere at ambient pressure. Device fabrication.-Figure 1 illustrates the typical fabricated device structure with the indicated specific layers thicknesses. The individual indium tin oxide (ITO) top electrical contacts were deposited on the SiO x N y :Ce 3+ layer by electron beam evaporation using a shadow mask having a set of circular holes with a diameter of 200 μm. In 2 O 3 /SnO 2 (90%/10%) pellets with a diameter of 1 mm or 2 mm were used as sputtering targets. An oxygen flux was maintained in the sputtering chamber during deposition cycle to prevent the formation of oxygen defects in the transparent conducting layer, which would potentially cause EL from ITO layer. The ITO layer thickness was 200 nm. The SiO x N y :Ce 3+ /ITO structure was heated up at a ramp rate of 15°C/min from RT to 600°C and annealed for 1 h in a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient pressure. The bottom metal contact, a 200-nm-thick Al layer, was deposited at RT on the back of the silicon substrate. Figure 1. Schematic layout of fabricated Al/p-Si/SiO x N y :Ce 3+ /ITO device.
Published: 2019
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38. Latest Permian–early Triassic arc amalgamation of the Eastern Tianshan (NW China): Constraints from detrital zircons and Hf isotopes of Devonian–Triassic sediments

Author: Wenjiao Xiao, Yongchen Li, Brian F. Windley, Shuaihua Song, Zhenyu Chen, Qigui Mao, Zhiyong Zhang, Ji'en Zhang, Karel Schulmann, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Geology [Leicester], University of Leicester, Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Shandong University
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Provenance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Permian, Early Triassic, Geochemistry, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Devonian, Arc (geometry), China, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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39. Accretionary tectonics, deep structures and metallogeny of southern Altaids

Author: Reimar Seltmann, Ian D. Somerville, Karel Schulmann, Timothy M. Kusky, Wenjiao Xiao, Yongjiang Liu, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre for Russian and Central EurAsian Mineral Studies
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Tectonics, 020209 energy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Geochemistry, Geology, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Metallogeny
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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40. A modified method of separating Tl(I) and Tl(III) in aqueous samples using solid phase extraction

Author: Atta Rasool, Tangfu Xiao, Qingxiang Xiao, Philippe C. Baveye, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), State key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry [Guiyang] (SKLEG), Institute of Geochemistry [Guiyang], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Guangzhou University, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, and Xiao, Tangfu
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Speciation, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Thallium (III), 010501 environmental sciences, Standard solution, 01 natural sciences, Solid phase extraction, Ion-exchange resin, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aqueous solution, Elution, Methodology Article, 010401 analytical chemistry, SPE, AG1-X8, General Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, chemistry, Selective adsorption, Thallium
Abstract: In spite of the development of new measurement techniques in recent years, the rapid and accurate speciation of thallium in environmental aqueous samples remains a challenge. In this context, a novel method of solid phase extraction (SPE), involving the anion exchange resin AG1-X8, is proposed to separate Tl(I) and Tl(III). In the presence of diethylene triamine pentacetate acid (DTPA), Tl(III) and Tl(I) can be separated by selective adsorption of Tl(III)-DTPA onto the resin, Tl(III) is then eluted by a solution of HCl with SO2. The validity of this method was confirmed by assays of standard solutions of Tl(I) and Tl(III). The proposed method is shown to have an outstanding performance even in solutions with a high ratio of Tl(I)/Tl(III), and can be applied to aqueous samples with a high concentration of other electrolytes, which could interfere with the measurement. Portable equipment and reagents make it possible to use the proposed method routinely in the field. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-018-0502-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018
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41. Electrical Initialization of Electron and Nuclear Spins in a Single Quantum Dot at Zero Magnetic Field

Author: Xavier Marie, Mathieu Stoffel, Bernhard Urbaszek, Zhanguo Wang, Xiufeng Han, Xavier Devaux, Andrea Balocchi, Hélène Carrère, Pierre Renucci, Jean-Marie George, Yuan Lu, Delphine Lagarde, Stéphane Mangin, Abdelhak Djeffal, Shiheng Liang, Bo Xu, Bingshan Tao, Thierry Amand, Fabian Cadiz, Henri Jaffrès, Michel Hehn, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Compiler Optimization and Run-time Systems (CORSE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Unité mixte de physique CNRS/Thalès (UMP CNRS/THALES), THALES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Bejing national laboratory of condensed matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KLSMS), Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOS), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of semiconductors [Chinese Academy of Sciences - Beijing] (IOS), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Unité mixte de physique CNRS/Thales (UMPhy CNRS/THALES), Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics (IoP/CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), IMPACT N4S, ANR-15-IDEX-0004,LUE,Isite LUE(2015), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science (LSMS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), and THALES [France]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Spinled, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, electrical spin injection, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), Hyperfine structure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Circular polarization, spintronics, Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, Spintronics, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), General Chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic field, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Trion, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The emission of circularly polarized light from a single quantum dot relies on the injection of carriers with well-defined spin polarization. Here we demonstrate single dot electroluminescence (EL) with a circular polarization degree up to 35% at zero applied magnetic field. The injection of spin polarized electrons is achieved by combining ultrathin CoFeB electrodes on top of a spin-LED device with p-type InGaAs quantum dots in the active region. We measure an Overhauser shift of several $\mu$eV at zero magnetic field for the positively charged exciton (trion X$^+$) EL emission, which changes sign as we reverse the injected electron spin orientation. This is a signature of dynamic polarization of the nuclear spins in the quantum dot induced by the hyperfine interaction with the electrically injected electron spin. This study paves the way for electrical control of nuclear spin polarization in a single quantum dot without any external magnetic field., Comment: initial version, final version to appear in ACS Nano Letters
Published: 2018
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42. The Quasi‐monochromatic ULF Wave Boundary in the Venusian Foreshock: Venus Express Observations

Author: Lican Shan, Karim Meziane, Norberto Romanelli, Tielong Zhang, Yasong Ge, Christian Mazelle, Quanming Lu, Aimin Du, CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics (EPP), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CAS Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Chinese Institutions of Earth Science, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physics Department [UNB], University of New Brunswick (UNB), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), College of Earth Sciences [Beijing] (CES), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Venus, 01 natural sciences, ULF wave, 0103 physical sciences, Ligand cone angle, wave boundary, Interplanetary magnetic field, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], biology, Geophysics, Bow shocks in astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Foreshock, oreshock, Solar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Reflection (physics), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Energy source
Abstract: International audience; The location of ultra-low frequency (ULF) quasi-monochromatic wave onset upstream of Venus bow shock is explored using Venus Express magnetic field data. We report the existence of a spatial foreshock boundary behind which ULF waves are present. We have found that the ULF wave boundary at Venus is sensitive to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction like the terrestrial one and appears well defined for a cone angle larger than 30o. In the Venusian foreshock, the inclination angle of the wave boundary with respect to the Sun-Venus direction increases with the IMF cone angle. We also found that for the IMF nominal direction (θBX = 36°) at Venus’ orbit, the value of this inclination angle is 70o. Moreover, we have found that the inferred velocity of an ion traveling along the ULF boundary is in a qualitative agreement with a quasi-adiabatic reflection of a portion of the solar wind at the bow shock. For an IMF nominal direction at Venus, the inferred bulk speed of ions traveling along this boundary is 1.07 VSW, sufficiently enough to overcome the solar wind convection. This strongly suggests that the backstreaming ions upstream of the Venusian bow shock provide the main energy source for the ULF waves.
Published: 2018
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43. Ductile–brittle deformation effects on crystal-chemistry and U–Pb ages of magmatic and metasomatic zircons from a dyke of the Finero Mafic Complex (Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Italian Alps)

Author: Massimo Tiepolo, Maurizio Mazzucchelli, Antonio Langone, Alberto Padrón-Navarta José, Tommaso Giovanardi, Mattia Bonazzi, Alberto Zanetti, Wei-Qiang Ji, Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Pavia, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Universidade de São Paulo, and Università degli Studi di Pavia
Subjects: Zircon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mafic dyke, U-Pb dating, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geochemistry, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrology, Plagioclase, Microstructures, Zircon, U–Pb dating, Trace elements, Mafic dyke, Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Metasomatism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace elements, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Gabbro, Geology, engineering, Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Microstructures, Mafic, U–Pb dating, Biotite, Mylonite
Abstract: International audience; A detailed microstructural, geochemical and geochronological study was performed on zircon grains from plagioclase-rich dioritic dykes discordantly intruded within meta-diorites/gabbros forming the External Gabbro unit of the Finero Mafic Complex (Italian Alps). This unit is exposed as part of a near complete crustal section spanning from mantle rocks to upper crustal metasediments (Val Cannobina, Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Italy). The leucocratic dykes consist mainly of plagioclase (An18–24Ab79–82Or0.3–0.7) with subordinate amounts of biotite and spinel defining melanocratic layers. Zircon and corundum are common accessory phases. Both the dykes and the surrounding meta-diorites/gabbros show evidence of ductile deformation under amphibolite-facies conditions.Zircon grains/fragments (up to 2 mm in length) occur as porphyroclasts surrounded by fine-grained plagioclase within the leucocratic domains and may occur within the melanocratic layers completely or partially surrounded by biotite and spinels. Fractures are common within zircon, define networks and have associated displacements occasionally and/or they can be filled by secondary minerals.Cathodoluminescence (CL) images reveal that zircon grains from the leucocratic layers show relicts of primary magmatic (i.e. oscillatory and or sector) zoning generally related with the crystal shapes or crystallographic orientation, whereas those from the melanocratic domains do not. In both cases, zircon shows secondary CL features, i.e. mosaic-like textures, due to deformation. EBSD maps confirmed a profuse mosaic texture, resulting in an internal misorientation of ca. 10°, generally associated with fractures. Locally, zircon shows clear evidence of crystal-plastic deformation at the edges, with a gradual misorientations of up to 12°, suggesting an origin prior fragmentation.Trace elements and U–Pb analyses were carried out by LA-ICP-MS directly on petrographic thin sections. Such in situ investigations revealed a strong correlation between internal zircon structures, chemistry, U–Pb isotope ratios and mylonitic fabric.U–Pb data return highly discordant and variable ages. The 206Pb/238U ages may range from ca. 297 to 198 Ma within the same zircon grain from the leucocratic layers, whereas 206Pb/238U younger than 250 Ma were systematically obtained from zircon within the melanocratic layers. The 206Pb/238U data younger than ca. 240 Ma from zircon grains within the leucocratic layers were obtained from narrow axial stripes observed in CL images and oriented parallel or at low-angle with respect to the foliation planes. These stripes are characterized by an overall HREE, Y, U and Th enrichment possibly reflecting deformation of the grain in presence of interstitial fluid phases. Combining U–Pb data, microstructure and zircon CL features, we suggest a multistage evolution of the dykes whereby the melanocratic layers are the result of a Late Permian metasomatic event promoting modification of the pre-existing mineral assemblage of the (Late Carboniferous–Early Permian?) dykes and deformation and partial resetting of zircon porphyroclasts. This has important implications in the geology of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone because, having the dyke intruded the External Gabbro unit before Triassic (probably during Carboniferous–Permian), the latter cannot be considered a Triassic intrusion. At least part of the External Gabbro unit is Carboniferous–Permian as the other mafic bodies of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone.
Published: 2017
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44. Quantification of the Arctic Sea Ice-Driven Atmospheric Circulation Variability in Coordinated Large Ensemble Simulations

Author: Annalisa Cherchi, Yongqi Gao, Rohit Ghosh, Claude Frankignoul, Young-Oh Kwon, Lingling Suo, Stephen Yeager, Yu-Chiao Liang, Tian Tian, Jennifer Mecking, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Daniela Matei, Guillaume Gastineau, Daniele Peano, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (NZC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), European Project: 727852,Blue-Action(2016), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Global Climate Models, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Climate change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Decadal Ocean Variability, Paleoceanography, Oceans, Sea ice, Research Letter, Global Change, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Climate Change and Variability, Climatology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Climate Variability, Climate and Interannual Variability, Atmospheric temperature, Arctic ice pack, Research Letters, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography: General, Geophysics, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Middle latitudes, Atmospheric Processes, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Oceanography: Physical
Abstract: A coordinated set of large ensemble atmosphere‐only simulations is used to investigate the impacts of observed Arctic sea ice‐driven variability (SIDV) on the atmospheric circulation during 1979–2014. The experimental protocol permits separating Arctic SIDV from internal variability and variability driven by other forcings including sea surface temperature and greenhouse gases. The geographic pattern of SIDV is consistent across seven participating models, but its magnitude strongly depends on ensemble size. Based on 130 members, winter SIDV is ~0.18 hPa2 for Arctic‐averaged sea level pressure (~1.5% of the total variance), and ~0.35 K2 for surface air temperature (~21%) at interannual and longer timescales. The results suggest that more than 100 (40) members are needed to separate Arctic SIDV from other components for dynamical (thermodynamical) variables, and insufficient ensemble size always leads to overestimation of SIDV. Nevertheless, SIDV is 0.75–1.5 times as large as the variability driven by other forcings over northern Eurasia and Arctic., Key Points Arctic sea ice variations drive ~1.5% of boreal winter Arctic SLP variance during 1979–2014 in coordinated 130‐member AGCM experimentsAn accurate quantification of the impacts of Arctic sea ice‐driven SLP variability requires an ensemble size greater than 100 membersInsufficient ensemble size always leads to an overestimation of the Arctic sea ice‐driven variance within and outside Arctic
Published: 2020
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45. In Situ Observations of the Formation of Periodic Collisionless Plasma Shocks from Fast Mode Waves

Author: Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Yasong Ge, Lican Shan, Pierre Henri, Can Huang, Quanming Lu, Aimin Du, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Christian Mazelle, CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics (EPP), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Independent Scholar, CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Basic Plasma Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ion beam, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Photoionization, 01 natural sciences, Instability, Ion, Plasma physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Shocks (2086), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Plasma physics (2089), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Shocks, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Pickup ions, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Bow shocks in astrophysics, Computational physics, Solar wind, Pickup ions (1239), Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics
Abstract: International audience; It has been long theorized, but not directly observed, that low-frequency magnetosonic plasma waves can steepen and form shocks. We show an example of small-amplitude, sinusoidal magnetosonic waves at the proton gyrofrequency upstream of the Martian bow shock. We hypothesize that these waves are produced by an ion beam instability associated with the ionization of hydrogen atoms by charge exchange with solar wind protons, solar photoionization, and/or electron impact ionization. As the waves are convected toward the planet by solar wind flow, the wave amplitude grows due to additional free energy put into the system by further ion beam particles. Finally, the steepened waves form shocks. Because of their development, the shocks are periodic with the separation at the proton gyroperiod. These observations lead to the conclusion that newborn ions may play a crucial role in the formation process of some collisionless plasma shocks in astrophysical and space plasmas.
Published: 2020
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46. Cretaceous exhumation of the Triassic intracontinental Xuefengshan Belt: Delayed unroofing of an orogenic plateau across the South China Block?

Author: Mark B. Allen, Wei Lin, Zhentian Feng, Michel Faure, Yang Chu, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Durham], and Durham University
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Continental collision, Metamorphism, Thermochronology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mesozoic plateau, Paleontology, South China, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Subduction, 15. Life on land, Cretaceous, Tectonics, Geophysics, Delayed exhumation, Cretaceous extension, Magmatism, Geology, Xuefengshan
Abstract: International audience; A large plateau can be produced by crustal thickening in convergent zones such as continental collision belts and Andean-type subduction zones, but the life cycles of such plateaux are not well-understood. In particular, it is not clear how long they persist after construction, before other tectonic processes or erosion reduce crustal thickness and elevation to near-normal levels. Triassic subduction- and collision-tectonics produced intense deformation, magmatism and metamorphism across the entire South China Block. This large-scale crustal shortening created a broad orogenic belt, uplifted most parts of the South China Block, and probably initiated the growth of an orogenic plateau. Our study presents low-temperature thermochronology data from the Xuefengshan Belt in the interior of the South China Block. There was along-strike variation in exhumation. The north orogenic core was subjected to Triassic (~245–210 Ma), and Late Cretaceous (~100–80 Ma) exhumation, whereas the cooling path of the south orogenic core reflects a two stage Cretaceous evolution. The variable exhumation pattern reflects non-uniform tectonics in different regions, but both regions were subject to Late Cretaceous extension. We tentatively reconstruct the original plateau paleo-elevation to be ~1.5 km above sea level, based on the amount of exhumation (~10 km) and the present crustal thickness (~35 km). The T-t trajectories of the Xuefengshan Belt and other Triassic belts highlight the significance of Cretaceous extension and exhumation in shaping the tectonic configuration of the South China Block. Large-scale extension was probably triggered by rollback of the Paleo-Pacific subduction zone.
Published: 2020
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47. The Added Value of Large-eddy and Storm-resolving Models for Simulating Clouds and Precipitation

Author: Sebastian Brune, Andreas Macke, Julia Windmiller, Fabian Senf, Akio Hansen, Ulrike Burkhardt, Hartwig Deneke, Susanne Crewell, Metodija Shapkalijevski, Fabian Jakub, Aiko Voigt, Clemens Simmer, Traute Crüger, Jessica Vial, Martin Köhler, Petra Friederichs, Joachim Biercamp, Rieke Heinze, Matthias Brueck, Niklas Röber, Thirza W. van Laar, Vera Schemann, Puxi Li, Leonhard Scheck, Bernhard Mayer, Ioanna Arka, Sabrina Schnitt, Guido Cioni, Nicolas Rochetin, Dela Spickermann, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Axel Seifert, Vasileios Barlakas, Günter Zängl, Karsten Peters, Cintia Carbajal Henken, Christine Nam, Nils Madenach, Norbert Kalthoff, Shweta Singh, Marek Jacob, Johan Strandgren, Ulrich Löhnert, Octave Tessiot, Panagiotis Adamidis, Stefan A. Buehler, Ann Kristin Naumann, Bjorn Stevens, Johannes Quaas, Cathy Hohenegger, Carolin Klinger, Daniel Klocke, Claudia Acquistapace, Wiebke Schubotz, Odran Sourdeval, Stefan Poll, Nikki Vercauteren, Harald Rybka, Université de Lille, CNRS, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology [MPI-M], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Universität Hamburg [UHH], Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie [MPI-M], Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] [LMU], Hans Ertel Zentrum für Wetterforschung [Offenbach], Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] [DWD], Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] [DKRZ], Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [DLR], Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung [TROPOS], Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research [TROPOS], Freie Universität Berlin, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie [KIT], Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [CAMS], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] [CAS], Climate Service Center [Hambourg] [GERICS], Universität Leipzig, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre [IEK-8], Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA) - UMR 8518, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay [ENS Paris Saclay], Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory [LDEO], Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] (DKRZ), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), and Columbia University [New York]
Subjects: Convection, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Cloud cover, representation of clouds and precipitation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, storm-resolving models, large-eddy simulation, clouds, precipitation, climate change, cloud-resolving models, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Diurnal cycle, ddc:550, Precipitation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, high resolution modelling, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, added value of high resolution, Storm, Earth sciences, Convective storm detection, Environmental science, Large eddy simulation
Abstract: More than one hundred days were simulated over very large domains with fine (0.156 km to 2.5 km) grid spacing for realistic conditions to test the hypothesis that storm (kilometer) and large-eddy (hectometer) resolving simulations would provide an improved representation of clouds and precipitation in atmospheric simulations. At scales that resolve convective storms (storm-resolving for short), the vertical velocity variance becomes resolved and a better physical basis is achieved for representing clouds and precipitation. Similarly to past studies we found an improved representation of precipitation at kilometer scales, as compared to models with parameterized convection. The main precipitation features (location, diurnal cycle and spatial propagation) are well captured already at kilometer scales, and refining resolution to hectometer scales does not substantially change the simu-lations in these respects. It does, however, lead to a reduction in the precipitation on the time-scales considered – most notably over the ocean in the tropics. Changes in the distribution of precipitation, with less frequent extremes are also found in simulations incorporating hectometer scales. Hectometer scales appear to be more important for the representation of clouds, and make it possible to capture many important aspects of the cloud field, from the vertical distribution of cloud cover, to the distribution of cloud sizes, and to the diel (daily) cycle. Qualitative improvements, particularly in the ability to differentiate cumulus from stratiform clouds, are seen when one reduces the grid spacing from kilometer to hectometer scales. At the hectometer scale new challenges arise, but the similarity of observed and simulated scales, and the more direct connection between the circula-tion and the unconstrained degrees of freedom make these challenges less daunting. This quality, combined with already improved simulation as compared to more parameterized models, underpins our conviction that the use and further development of storm-resolving models offers exciting opportunities for advancing understanding of climate and climate change.
Published: 2020
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48. Electrical Detection of Light Helicity using a Quantum Dots based Hybrid Device at Zero Magnetic Field

Author: Bingshan Tao, Thierry Amand, Yuan Lu, Bernhard Urbaszek, X. F. Han, Z.G. Wang, Sylvie Migot, Xavier Marie, Pierre Renucci, Hélène Carrère, J.-M. George, Fabian Cadiz, Andrea Balocchi, Henri Jaffrès, Bao Xu, D. Lagarde, Xavier Devaux, J. Frougier, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité mixte de physique CNRS/Thales (UMPhy CNRS/THALES), THALES [France]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science (LSMS), Institute of semiconductors [Chinese Academy of Sciences - Beijing] (IOS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KLSMS), and Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
Subjects: Photocurrent, Materials science, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Condensed matter physics, Field (physics), Photodetector, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Applied Physics, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Hysteresis, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Quantum dot, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Photon helicity-dependent photocurrent is measured at zero magnefic field thanks to a device based on an ensemble of (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots that are embedded into a GaAs-based p-in diode. Our main goal is to take advantage of the long electron spin-relaxation time expected in these nano-objects. In these experiments, no external magnetic field is required thanks to the use of an ultrathin magnetic CoFeB/MgO electrode, presenting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We observe a clear asymmetry of the photocurrent measured under respective right and left polarized light that follows the hysteresis of the magnetic layer. The amplitude of this asymmetry at zero magnetic field decreases with increasing temperatures and can be controlled with the bias. Polarization-resolved photoluminescence is detected in parallel while the device is operated as a photodetector. This demonstrates the multifunctional capabilities of the device and gives valuable insights into the spin relaxation of the electrons in the quantum dots.
Published: 2020
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49. Efficiency of the spectral element method with very high polynomial degree to solve the elastic wave equation

Author: Yann Capdeville, Liang Zhao, Chao Lyu, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE31-0022,HIWAI,Inversion homogénéisée de formes d'ondes sismiques(2016)
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Wave propagation, Spectral element method, Mathematical analysis, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Wave equation, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Degree of a polynomial, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The spectral element method (SEM) has gained tremendous popularity within the seismological community to solve the wave equation at all scales. Classic SEM applications mostly rely on degrees 4–8 elements in each tensorial direction. Higher degrees are usually not considered due to two main reasons. First, high degrees imply large elements, which make the meshing of mechanical discontinuities difficult. Second, the SEM’s collocation points cluster toward the edge of the elements with the degree, degrading the time-marching stability criteria and imposing a small time step and a high numerical cost. Recently, the homogenization method has been introduced in seismology. This method can be seen as a preprocessing step before solving the wave equation that smooths out the internal mechanical discontinuities of the elastic model. It releases the meshing constraint and makes use of very high degree elements more attractive. Thus, we address the question of memory and computing time efficiency of very high degree elements in SEM, up to degree 40. Numerical analyses reveal that, for a fixed accuracy, very high degree elements require less computer memory than low-degree elements. With minimum sampling points per minimum wavelength of 2.5, the memory needed for a degree 20 is about a quarter that of the one necessary for a degree 4 in two dimensions and about one-eighth in three dimensions. Moreover, for the SEM codes tested in this work, the computation time with degrees 12–24 can be up to twice faster than the classic degree 4. This makes SEM with very high degrees attractive and competitive for solving the wave equation in many situations.
Published: 2020
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50. Enumerating the morphologies of non-degenerate Darboux cyclides

Author: Bernard Mourrain, Xiaohong Jia, Mingyang Zhao, Wenping Wang, Changhe Tu, Key Laboratory of Mathematics Mechanization (KLMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-Institute of Systems Science (ISS), China-Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science [Beijing], National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences [Beijing] (NCMIS), Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science (AMSS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Computer Graphics Group [Hong Kong], Department of Computer Science [Hong Kong], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK)-City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Shandong University, AlgebRe, geOmetrie, Modelisation et AlgoriTHmes (AROMATH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Pure mathematics, Quadric, Degenerate energy levels, Aerospace Engineering, Stereographic projection, 020207 software engineering, Darboux cyclides, morphologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, 0104 chemical sciences, Segre characteristic, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, stereographic projection, Intersection, Modeling and Simulation, Automotive Engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Enumeration, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Algebraic number, index sequences, Mathematics
Abstract: We provide an enumeration of all possible morphologies of non-degenerate Darboux cyclides. Based on the fact that every Darboux cyclide in R 3 is the stereographic projection of the intersection surface of a sphere and a quadric in R 4 , we transform the enumeration problem of morphologies of Darboux cyclides to the enumeration of the algebraic sequences that characterize the intersection of a sphere and a quadric in R 4 .
Published: 2019
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