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Objetivo: Analisar a aderência dos modelos de negócios, suportados por princípios e práticas da economia circular ao setor de hortifrúti no Oeste Catarinense, por meio da tipologia dos 10R’s. Método: A pesquisa se constitui de uma abordagem qualitativa com realização de entrevistas e visitas in loco, com 13 atores da cadeia de fornecimento de hortifruti nos elos de: produtores, varejistas e distribuidores, da região oeste de Santa Catarina. A análise dos dados, consistiu na técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Entre os resultados, com uso do 10R’s aplicado ao objeto de estudo, a pesquisa identificou nos empreendimentos pesquisados, as práticas alinhadas aos modelos de negócios circulares. A aderência dos negócios às premissas da Economia Circular, encontra-se em estado incipiente sem que esta seja, porém, uma ação coordenada e conhecida entre produtores, varejistas e órgãos governamentais, na busca pela sustentabilidade no fornecimento dos alimentos. Existem práticas isoladas que são desenvolvidas pelos estabelecimentos pesquisados. Contribuições Contribui para a teoria com a ligação entre o cultivo e comercialização dos alimentos de forma regenerativa e local e o uso dos 10R’s para a circularidade dos recursos produtivos. Originalidade: Na investigação empírica sobre o uso dos 10R”s no setor de Hortifrutis, propondo de forma prática indicadores para os produtores utilizarem na análise de seu negócio frente a sustentabilidade.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o perfil das publicações dos principais periódicos voltados à abordagem da Universidade Empreendedora. O Estudo foi conduzido pela técnica estatística da Bibliometria, seguindo suas Leis: Lei de Lotka, Lei de Brandford e Lei de Zipf, além de outras informações referentes à cerca da produção científica de 1983 até 2019. O estudo adotou abordagem quantitativa de natureza descritiva. A pesquisa resultou em uma amostra de 229 artigos nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Speel e EBSCO. Os resultados bibliométricos não confirmam as diretrizes estimadas pela Lei de Lotka, ou seja, não caracterizou elitismo entre os autores. A Lei de Brandford foi confirmada referente análises dos periódicos, da mesma forma a Lei de Zipf foi confirmada, um pequeno grupo de palavras ocorre muitas vezes e um grande número de palavras é de pequena frequência de ocorrência. O auge de publicações foi no ano de 2019 com mais de 18% das publicações, e o acumulado dos últimos cinco anos equivalem a 59,39% de toda amostra. Para além da bibliometria o estudo aponta a predominância de pesquisas empíricas qualitativas sobre o tema, sendo que o método de estudo de caso está entre os mais utilizados para investigação científica sobre a universidade empreendedora. A partir dos resultados encontrados sugere-se que a escala da comunidade universitária mundial vai em direção ao modelo da universidade empreendedora com aceleração exponencial, em busca da realização da terceira missão da universidade, voltada ao desenvolvimento econômico e social.

Laboratory surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes is crucial for the successful implementation of vaccines to prevent invasive pneumococcal diseases. The reference method of serotyping is the Quellung reaction, which is labor-intensive and expensive. In the last few years, the introduction of MALDI-TOF MS into the microbiology laboratory has been revolutionary. In brief, this new technology compares protein profiles by generating spectra based on the m/z ratio. We evaluated the performance of MALDI-TOF MS for typing serotypes of S. pneumoniae isolates included in the PCV13 vaccine using a machine learning approach. We challenged our classification algorithms with a total of new 215 isolates of S. pneumoniae from Argentinian nationwide surveillance. Our work involved a thorough evaluation and comparison of multiple machine learning models. Through this evaluation, we achieved high accuracy values, indicating the effectiveness of the approach taken in solving the problem. Additionally, we attained high kappa index values, indicating that the predictions made by the models were highly accurate and reliable. We also carefully considered the strengths and limitations of each model. As such, our results are highly valuable and have important implications for future research and applications.

This article analyzes how the circularity of resources occurs in Brazilian craft breweries supported by innovation and proposes the creation of alternative craft breweries to promote circular economy. Data were collected through 11 interviews with entrepreneurs in the craft brewery segment, checklist application, and access to the website of the cases investigated. Our results expand the relationship with innovation suggesting that: a) the circularity of resources is still focused on several long-cycle practices; b) short cycles, which are the most desired for the retention of resource value in the production chain, are already present, but demand more attention from the enterprises surveyed; c) innovation practices can become barriers to or drivers for the feasibility of circular economy in the beer context; d) technical cycles are consolidated in most of the researched cases, while biological cycles still demand greater engagement from all stakeholders; e) the nature and content of circular practices imply different adoption stages in the cases investigated; f) companies invest in strengthening the relationship with consumers and suppliers in order to obtain support for current circular strategies in their ventures.

Laboratory surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes is crucial for the successful implementation of vaccines to prevent invasive pneumococcal diseases. The reference method of serotyping is the Quellung reaction, which is labor-intensive and expensive. In the last few years, the introduction of MALDI-TOF MS into the microbiology laboratory has been revolutionary. In brief, this new technology compares protein profiles by generating spectra based on the m/z ratio. We evaluated the performance of MALDI-TOF MS for typing serotypes of S. pneumoniae isolates included in the PCV13 vaccine using a machine learning approach. We challenged our classification algorithms in “real time” with a total of new 100 isolates of S. pneumoniae from Argentinian nationwide surveillance. Our best approach could correctly identify the isolates with a sensitivity of 58.33% ([95%IC 40.7–71.7]); specificity of 81.48% ([95%IC 53.6–79.7]); accuracy of 63.0% ([95%IC 61.9–93.7]); PPV of 80.77% ([95%IC 64.5–90.6]) and NPV of 59.46% ([95%IC 48.9–69.2]). In this work, it was possible to demonstrate that the combination of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis allows the development of new strategies for the identification and characterization of Spn isolates of clinical importance.

A definição de um modelo (framework) para universidade empreendedora (UE), em conjunto com a definição de elementos e características que levam à sua existência, têm sido amplamente discutidos na literatura. Este estudo visa identificar frameworks conceituais para UE prevalentes. A amostra inicial constitui-se de 181 pesquisas extraídas do banco de dados Web of Science e Scopus, a partir da seleção dos materiais realizamos uma análise de referências para identificação de estudos adicionais. Posteriormente foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo em 50 artigos, que tornou possível a identificação de doze frameworks distintos para UE desde 1998 à 2021. Entre as principais contribuições destaca-se: Reestruturação interna, inovação, internacionalização, hibridização, P&D, sustentabilidade, interação de forma globalizada com empresas, associações e instituições, metodologias ativas, pesquisa de alta intensidade, entre outros aspectos. Elementos esses que de forma conjunta elevam o patamar das instituições. Por fim, o ineditismo concentra-se na elaboração de um framework final, que sintetiza os modelos que a literatura apresenta, sendo que as abordagens teóricas em suma, seguem a teoria institucional e a teoria econômica e, implicitamente, são integrados por fatores ambientais formais e informais que influenciam positiva ou negativamente o processo de desenvolvimento da universidade em diferentes graus. com a RSL.

International audience; Background: Global HIV-1 genetic diversity and evolution form a major challenge to treatment and prevention efforts. An increasing number of distinct HIV-1 recombinants have been identified worldwide, but their contribution to the global epidemic is unknown. We aimed to estimate the global and regional distribution of HIV-1 recombinant forms during 1990-2015.Methods: We assembled a global HIV-1 molecular epidemiology database through a systematic literature review and a global survey. We searched the PubMed, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebscohost), and Global Health (Ovid) databases for HIV-1 subtyping studies published from Jan 1, 1990, to Dec 31, 2015. Unpublished original HIV-1 subtyping data were collected through a survey among experts in the field who were members of the WHO-UNAIDS Network for HIV Isolation and Characterisation. We included prevalence studies with HIV-1 subtyping data collected during 1990-2015. Countries were grouped into 14 regions and analyses were done for four time periods (1990-99, 2000-04, 2005-09, and 2010-15). The distribution of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs) in individual countries was weighted according to the UNAIDS estimates of the number of people living with HIV in each country to generate regional and global estimates of numbers and proportions of HIV-1 recombinants in each time period. The systematic review is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42017067164.Findings: Our global data collection yielded an HIV-1 molecular epidemiology database of 383 519 samples from 116 countries in 1990-2015. We found that the proportion of recombinants increased over time, both globally and in most regions, reaching 22·8% (7 978 517 of 34 921 639) of global HIV-1 infections in 2010-15. Both the proportion and the number of distinct CRFs detected increased over time to 16·7% and 57 CRFs in 2010-15. The global and regional distribution of HIV-1 recombinants was diverse and evolved over time, and we found large regional variation in the numbers (0-44 CRFs), types (58 distinct CRFs), and proportions (0-80·5%) of HIV-1 recombinants. Globally, CRF02_AG was the most prevalent recombinant, accounting for 33·9% (2 701 364 of 7 978 517) of all recombinant infections in 2010-15. URFs accounted for 26·7% (2 131 450 of 7 978 517), CRF01_AE for 23·0% (1 838 433), and other CRFs for 16·4% (1 307 270) of all recombinant infections in 2010-15. Although other CRFs accounted for small proportions of infections globally (

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of severe invasive disease associated with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. To identify the serotypes most commonly associated with infection in adults in Argentina, 791 pneumococcal isolates from 56 hospitals belonging to 16 provinces and Buenos Aires city were serotyped. The isolates were submitted as part of a National Surveillance Program for invasive pneumococcal disease in adults, which started in 2013. Serotypes 3, 8, 12F, 7F and 1 were the most prevalent among adult patients. During the study period there was no significant difference in serotype distribution between the age groups studied (18-64 and ≥65 years old), except for serotype 1, 3 and 23A. Most prevalent serotypes in pneumonia were serotype 7F, 1, 12F, 8, and 3. When the clinical diagnosis was meningitis, serotype 3 and 12F were the most prevalent, whereas when the diagnosis was sepsis/bacteremia the most prevalent was serotype 8. In this work, for the 18-64-year-old group, PPSV23 and PCV13 serotypes accounted for 74.56% and 44.54% respectively of the cases in the studied period. On the other hand, for the ≥65-year-old group, these serotypes represented 72.30% and 41.42% respectively. The aim of this work was to establish the knowledge bases of the serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal diseases in the adult population in Argentina and to be able to detect changes in their distribution over time in order to explore the potential serotype coverage of the vaccines in current use.

Companies strive for superior results. Focusing on return, performance, and profitability is mainstream; this reasoning is constantly present in the decisions of the strategic operational management of companies. Based on this assumption, the objective of this work is to evaluate empirically whether the degree to which a company implements a combination of Just in Time (JIT) or Lean Manufacturing practices systematically affects the company's operational, financial, and/or organisational performance. For this, a meta-analysis was carried out; the final sample consisted of 28 articles, with 41 studies and 12,708 included subjects who provided the effects that explain the proposed relationship. The data were collected in the Web of Science, EBSCO, and Science Direct databases, with an open period, considering all works available until July 2020. Among the main findings, JIT practices and the company's operational performance present a positive, significant, medium effect. Lean manufacturing practices demonstrate a positive and significant relationship in operational, financial, and organisational performance, all with an average impact on the effect size. No direct relationship was found between the JIT variables and organisational performance (financial, operational, and environmental), based on the TBL. Additional research is needed regarding the relationship of JIT and Lean Manufacturing practices with the organisational performance (financial, operational, and environmental) based on the TBL, as well as an in-depth analysis of previous research related to green Lean practices and their relationship with organisational performance, based on the TBL. Resumo: Empresas zelam por resultados superiores. Focar em retorno, desempenho e lucratividade é mainstream, esse raciocínio constantemente está presente na tomada de decisão da gestão estratégica operacional das empresas. Baseado neste pressuposto, o objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar empiricamente se o grau em que uma empresa implementa uma combinação de práticas Just in Time (JIT) ou lean manufacturing afeta sistematicamente o desempenho operacional, financeiro e organizacional dessa empresa. Para isso, foi realizada uma meta-análise, a amostra final foi composta por 27 artigos, com 41 estudos e 12.708 sujeitos inclusos que forneceram os efeitos que explicam a relação ora proposta. Os dados foram coletados nas bases de dados WEB of Science, EBSCO e Science Direct, com período aberto, sendo considerados todos os trabalhos disponíveis até julho de 2020. Dentre os principais achados, práticas de JIT e desempenho operacional da empresa, apresentam relação positiva e significativa, de efeito médio. As práticas de lean manufacturing demonstram relação positiva e significativa no desempenho operacional, financeiro e organizacional, todas com impacto médio sobre o tamanho do efeito. Não foi encontrada uma relação direta entre as variáveis JIT e desempenho organizacional (financeiro, operacional e ambiental), baseados no triple bottom line - TBL. Pesquisas adicionais se fazem necessárias, principalmente quanto a relação das práticas de JIT e lean manufacturing com o desempenho organizacional (financeiro, operacional e ambiental) baseados no TBL, bem como uma análise aprofundada de pesquisas anteriores relacionados as práticas enxutas verdes e sua relação com o desempenho organizacional, baseados no TBL.

The Köppen-Geiger classification is one of the most common climate classification systems in the world. It allows classifying ecosystem distribution based on temperature and precipitation, two critical factors in climate, and vegetation cover’s sensitivity. We analyzed the dynamics and spatial consistency of agroclimatic variables in each type of Köppen- Geiger climate present in Chile, visualizing the variables’ behavior throughout the territory. Thus, we computed the trends of different climate and agroclimatic variables in each meteorological station, mapping their slope and statistical significance, and comparing their sense among all those that belong to the same climate zone. Our global trends analysis showed a thermal amplitude decrease in northern and central areas in about 12.03% and 20.3%, respectively, and an increase in south and southern areas in about 13.7% and 26.3%. A generalized increase in frost events (2.90%-16.02%) took place mainly in the country’s northern part. Results showed higher concordance percentages in stations belonging to the Köppen-Geiger type B (dry climate) and C (temperate climate). Thus, an increase in the maximum temperature occurred from north-central to south zones, a decrease in minimum temperature from north to central zone, and an increase in highlands (700-4000 m a.s.l.), central, south, and southern zone of the country. Also, a precipitation decreases and thermal amplitude increased roughly from the Coquimbo Region to the country’s central and southern zone. Variations in the agroclimatic indices’ behavior can affect yield and production of crops; thus, agroclimatic information presented here can support the zoning and selection of the cropping system.

Pectin from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (SBP) was extracted from a sugar beet waste (SBW) registering a 4.4% (w/w) yield. SBP presented a weight-average molar mass of 459 kDa, galacturonic acid content of 52.2%, and a low esterification degree (30%). The macromolecular characteristics of SBP revealed a flexible and extended coil chain conformation. The main neutral sugars in SBP were galactose (20.7%), mannose (5.0%), and arabinose (3.60%) while ferulic acid (FA) content was 2.1 µg·mg−1 sample. FA remained in the SBP chain mainly in RG I region even after suffering both, industrial processing and harsh weathering conditions. Consequently, SBP formed covalent gels induced by laccase. Covalent cross-linking content (dimers and trimer of FA) was 0.97 mg·g−1 SBP. The 8-5′, 5-5′, and 8-O-4′ dimers of FA isomers proportions were 75, 17, and 8%, respectively. SBP gels at 4% (w/v ) registered storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli final values of 44 and 0.66 Pa, respectively. SBP gels were soft and adhesive according to texture profile analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of SBP lyophilized gels revealed an imperfect honeycomb-like structure with 4.5 ± 1.4 µm average cavities diameter.

This work presents a comparison between two algorithms for the prediction of glucose levels in diabetic patients by using a univariate time series. The algorithms are applied to the history of fasting glucose levels to predict the five following values. The comparison is performed between 1) The Autoregressive Neural Networks (ARNN) and 2) The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. A total of 70 series are analyzed, and we show that the results obtained for the ARIMA model have error percentages higher than 25% of the predicted value to the expected value. In contrast, in 73% of the cases, the percentage error was less than 25% for the Autoregressive Neural Networks.

Purpose. The aim of this work was to evaluate and optimize the identification of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica (usually known as the classical Bordetella species) using Bruker Biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Methodology. A set of 106 previously characterized clinical isolates was used. The results were interpreted according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and, in addition, a new score value cutoff was used for species identification. Further, the 10 % rule (previously adopted by other authors) and the new 5 % breaking point (proposed in this work) were evaluated in order to optimize identification rates. Results/Key findings. Our results suggest that it is possible to distinguish different species of the classical Bordetella species by following a simple algorithm without additional testing being required. Conclusion. MALDI-TOF might be a reliable tool for the identification of this group of bacteria when a combination of cutoff scores is used. This procedure allows us to increase the identification rates for the classical Bordetella species significantly; however, more studies will be required to determine the applicability of the method to other difficult-to-distinguish organisms.

In Argentina, the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci infections are still not sufficiently known. A total of 846 respiratory and 10 ocular samples from patients with suspected human psittacosis were tested for C. psittaci from January 2010 to March 2015. Four samples of birds related to these patients were also studied. Forty-eight samples were positive for C. psittaci by a nested PCR. The molecular characterization of twelve C. psittaci PCR-positive samples received in the National Reference Laboratory INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina was performed. Eight positive samples from humans and four from birds were genotyped by ompA gene sequencing. C. psittaci genotype A was found in all human samples and in the related birds. This report contributes to our increasing knowledge of the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of C. psittaci to conduct effective surveillance of its zoonotic infections. En la Argentina, aún no se conocen suficientemente las características epidemiológicas y moleculares de las infecciones por Chlamydia psittaci. Entre enero del 2010 y marzo del 2015 se estudiaron 846 muestras respiratorias y 10 oculares de pacientes con sospecha de psitacosis para la búsqueda de C. psittaci. También se estudiaron 4 muestras de aves relacionadas con estos pacientes. De ese total, 48 muestras fueron positivas para C. psittaci mediante una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) anidada. Posteriormente, se realizó en el INEI-ANLIS «Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán» la caracterización molecular de 12 muestras positivas para C. psittaci, 8 de humanos y 4 de aves, que fueron genotipificadas por secuenciación del gen ompA. C. psittaci genotipo A se encontró en todas esas muestras. Este informe contribuye a mejorar nuestro conocimiento de las características epidemiológicas y moleculares de C. psittaci para lograr una vigilancia efectiva de la zoonosis que produce. Fil: Cadario, María E.. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina Fil: Frutos, Maria Celia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Arias, Maite B.. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina Fil: Origlia, Javier Anibal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina Fil: Zelaya, Vanina. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”; Argentina Fil: Madariaga, Maria de Los Angeles. Departamento de Diagnóstico y Producción de Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Lara, Claudia S.. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina Fil: Ré, Viviana Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Cuffini, Cecilia Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella"; Argentina

Background Morbidity and mortality rates for pertussis in infants are high because disease often occurs before the onset of routine immunization or in those who do not complete a primary immunization series. Pertussis immunization is recommended during pregnancy to achieve antibody levels sufficient to protect young infants. To our knowledge, no previous reports of maternal pertussis immunization results in Latin America exist in the literature. Methods This study compared pertussis antibody levels in newborns from mothers who received or did not receive a tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccination (TdapV) during pregnancy. Each mother's level of immunoglobulin G antibodies against pertussis toxin (IgG-PT) was measured with a validated, specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Paired mother and cord serum samples were compared in 105 mothers with and 99 mothers without a TdapV. At birth, the mothers with and those without a TdapV had serum IgG-PT geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of 35.1 and 9.8 ELISA units (EU)/mL, respectively (P < .0001); cord blood GMCs were 51.3 and 11.6 EU/mL, respectively (P < .0003); and cord blood IgG-PT levels were, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

espanolCoqueluche, pertussis o tos convulsa es una enfermedad aguda de las vias respiratorias altamente contagiosa producida principalmente por Bordetella pertussis. Es una de las causas principales de morbi-mortalidad en la ninez. Esta enfermedad no siempre es clinicamente evidenciable en los adultos. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir la ocurrencia de casos de coqueluche en un grupo familiar en la ciudad de Mar del Plata. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de contactos intrafamiliares sintomaticos a partir de la deteccion de un caso confirmado de coqueluche en un lactante. A partir de la confirmacion del caso indice, se analizaron las caracteristicas clinico– epidemiologicas y los resultados de laboratorio de los contactos que fueron clasificados como casos confirmados por nexo epidemiologico. Los estudios de laboratorio consistieron en cultivo, PCR y serologia por tecnica de ELISA. Del estudio surgio que la fuente probable de contagio para el lactante formaba parte del nucleo familiar. De esta manera se resalta la importancia de sospechar y diagnosticar esta enfermedad en pacientes adolescentes y adultos. Se comprueba el rol del nucleo familiar en la transmision de la enfermedad, lo cual conduce a priorizar las estrategias de proteccion para los mas vulnerables a la enfermedad, como la vacunacion durante el embarazo, implementada en Argentina a partir del ano 2012. EnglishPertussis or whooping cough is a highly contagious acute disease of respiratory tract mainly produced by Bordetella pertussis. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood. This disease is not always clinically evident in adults. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of cases of pertussis in the city of Mar del Plata. It consisted in an epidemiological-retrospective study of household contact of an confirmed case of pertussis in an infant. It was analysed the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and laboratory findings of the household contacts that were classified as cases confirmed by epidemiological link. Laboratory studies were performed by culture and PCR in respiratory samples. For the household contacts, also it was used serology by ELISA technique for detection of total antibodies anti-Bordetella spp. Of the study it could be inferred that the likely source of infection to the infant was part of the family. In this way highlights the importance of suspect and diagnose this disease in adults and adolescent patients. The role of the family in the transmission of the disease, leads to prioritize protection strategies for the most vulnerable to the disease, such as vaccination during pregnancy, implemented in Argentina from the year 2012.

Objetivos. Caracterizar la población en estudio en el marco del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Salud de la Argentina,determinar la proporción de infección por Bordetella pertussis y Bordetella parapertussis e identificar factores asociados de los casos con sospecha de coqueluche atendidos en la ciudad de Mar del Plata y alrededores durante el período 2011-2015. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo. Se diagnosticaron por laboratorio casos clínicos con sospecha de coqueluche. Los estudios de laboratorio consistieron en cultivo, PCR y serología por técnica de ELISA. Resultados. Se evaluaron 572 casos. El sexo femenino fue el más frecuente con 51,9% (296/570), el rango etario más frecuente fue de 2 a 17 meses con 51,1% (290/568) que fue además el grupo con más casos confirmados. Solo el 47,8% (155/324) de la población estudiada tenía vacunación completa para su edad. Se confirmó coqueluche por Bordetella pertussis en el 15,5 % y un solo caso con Bordetella parapertussis. Hubo asociación entre tener un contacto familiar tosedor por más de dos semanas con la confirmación de Bordetella spp. (odds ratio [OR]: 3,3; [intervalo de confianza al 95%] IC 95%: 1,9 - 5,4). Conclusiones. Existe la necesidad de realizar una evaluación oportuna de los casos sospechosos de coqueluche tanto en niños como en adolescentes y adultos para lograr un mejor control de la enfermedad. Asimismo, continuar con las medidas de prevención y de contención resulta fundamental para disminuir la circulación del agente causal. Objectives. To classify the study population in the Argentinian National Health Surveillance System framework, determine the proportion of infection by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis, and identify factors associated with the cases of suspected whooping cough attended to in the city of Mar del Plata and its outskirts during the period 2011-2015. Materials and Methods. An observational and descriptive study was carried out. Clinical cases with suspicion of whooping cough were diagnosed by laboratory. The laboratory studies consisted of culture, PCR, and serology using the ELISA technique. Results. A total of 572 cases were evaluated. The female sex was the most frequent (51.9%). The most frequent age range was 2 to 17 moths (51.1%; 290/568), which was also the group with the most confirmed cases. Only 47.8% (155/324) of the population studied had complete vaccination for their age. Whooping cough due to B. pertussis was confirmed in 15.5% (89/572) of cases and one case with B. parapertussis. Those cases that had contact with a coughing relative were significantly associated with the confirmation of Bordetella spp. by the laboratory (odds ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-5.4). Conclusions. The results show the need to suspect whooping cough and diagnose it early in children, adolescents, and adults in order to better control the disease. Likewise, continuing prevention and containment measures are fundamental in decreasing the circulation of the causal agent.

Pectins are plant cell wall natural heteropolysaccharides composed mainly of α-1-4 d-galacturonic acid units, which may or may not be methyl esterified, possesses neutral sugars branching that harbor functional moieties. Physicochemical features as pH, temperature, ions concentration, and cosolute presence, affect directly the extraction yield and gelling capacity of pectins. The chemical and structural features of this polysaccharide enables its interaction with a wide range of molecules, a property that scientists profit from to form new composite matrices for target/controlled delivery of therapeutic molecules, genes or cells. Considered a prebiotic dietary fiber, pectins meetmany regulations easily, regarding health applications within the pharmaceutical industry as a raw material and as an agent for the prevention of cancer. Thus, this review lists many emergent pectin-based composite materials which will probably palliate the impact of obesity, diabetes and heart disease, aid to forestall actual epidemics, expand the ken of food additives and food products design.

Introduction. Pertussis is a challenge for public health. Objectives: To describe pertussis-related morbidity and mortality and immunization coverage for the 2002-2011 period, profile of cases for 2011, and control strategies implemented by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Argentina. Methods. Descriptive, epidemiological surveillance study. Morbidity data were obtained from the National Health Surveillance System, while mortality data were obtained from the MoH’s Health Statistics and Information Department and official jurisdictional reports. Administrative immunization coverage was used based on the data provided by the MoH’s jurisdictions. The Epi Info software, version 7.1.2, was used for analysis. Results. The number of reported cases of pertussis increased between 2002 and 2011, reaching its peak in 2011: an incidence of 16 x 100 000 inhabitants, and 76 deaths. Most deaths occurred in infants younger than 1 year old. Immunization coverage achieved at a national level with the third dose and the dose

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that affects people of all ages. Young adults who have lost their immunity to pertussis are the major source of infection in infants. Given the steady increase of pertussis cases, new prevention strategies are required. Objective. To assess pertussis seroprevalence in adult blood donors, post-partum women, and umbilical cords. Metod. Measurement of total titers of anti-Bordetella spp. (Bordetella) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples from 103 donors, 101 post-partum women and 100 umbilical cords were analyzed. Titers

BackgroundThe role of the recently discovered GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) has been debated. Although GBV-C RNA has been detected in many cases of FHF, recent data suggest that the relation between GBV-C and FHF may be accidental.AimsTo retrospectively investigate the possible relation between the presence of GBV-C markers (RNA or antibodies to the GBV-C envelope 2 (E2) glycoprotein) and FHF.MethodsThe presence of GBV-C RNA was determined in serum samples from 58 patients diagnosed with FHF using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Amplified genetic fragments were directly sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. Antibodies to GBV-C in serum samples were detected by enzyme immunoassay based on a recombinant GBV-C E2 protein.ResultsNine (16%) patients with FHF had GBV-C RNA and 14 (24%) had GBV-C E2 antibodies, which are higher frequencies than in healthy subjects (pConclusionsThe frequencies of both GBV-C RNA and antibodies are higher in patients with FHF than in healthy subjects. However, these increased frequencies may in many cases be explained by the use of contaminated blood and/or blood products given as therapy.

Introduction. Pertussis is a challenge for public health. Objectives: To describe pertussis-related morbidity and mortality and immunization coverage for the 2002-2011 period, profile of cases for 2011, and control strategies implemented by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Argentina. Methods. Descriptive, epidemiological surveillance study. Morbidity data were obtained from the National Health Surveillance System, while mortality data were obtained from the MoH's Health Statistics and Information Department and official jurisdictional reports. Administrative immunization coverage was used based on the data provided by the MoH's jurisdictions. The Epi Info software, version 7.1.2, was used for analysis. Results. The number of reported cases of pertussis increased between 2002 and 2011, reaching its peak in 2011: an incidence of 16 × 100 000 inhabitants, and 76 deaths. Most deaths occurred in infants younger than 1 year old. Immunization coverage achieved at a national level with the third dose and the dose administered at the time of starting primary education was >90%, while the coverage achieved with the first booster dose was 80%-90%. In 2011, 2821 confirmed cases were reported (incidence of 7 × 100 000 inhabitants): 84% in infants, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that affects people of all ages. Young adults who have lost their immunity to pertussis are the major source of infection in infants. Given the steady increase of pertussis cases, new prevention strategies are required. Objective. To assess pertussis seroprevalence in adult blood donors, post-partum women, and umbilical cords. Metod. Measurement of total titers of anti-Bordetella spp. (Bordetella) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples from 103 donors, 101 post-partum women and 100 umbilical cords were analyzed. Titers ≤80 were considered of low impact against the disease. The assessment included transplacental transfer of antibodies and the umbilical cord/maternal ratio of antibody titers. Results. Donors mean age was: 28 ± 6 years old. Median anti-Bordetella titers: 320; interquartile range (IQR):160-320; 10% had titers ≤80. Post-partum women mean age was: 26 ± 6 years old. Median anti-Bordetella titers:160 (IQR:80-320), with titers significantly lower than in female donors (p= 0.00002). Titers ≤80 were found in 30% of post-partum women. Median anti-Bordetella titers in umbilical cords: 160 (IQR: 80-160). Titers ≤80 were more frequently found in umbilical cords than in mothers (44% versus 30%, p= 0.04). Transplacental transfer was 0.83. Umbilical cord titers were equal to maternal titers in 54% of cases, lower in 37%, and higher only in 8%. Conclusion. Titers of anti-Bordetella antibodies in post-partum women were significantly lower than in female blood donors. Titers ≤80 were found in 30% of post-partum women and 44% of umbilical cords. These data may account for the high rates of pertussis in young infants who have not yet completed their vaccination schedule., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Orientadora: Profª Drª Sandra Jacqueline Stoll Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias Humanas, Letras e Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social. Defesa: Curitiba, 04/10/2010 Bibliografia: fls. 130-137 Área de concentração: Antropologia social Resumo: Entendendo os usos do corpo e seus recursos expressivos sob a ótica antropológica, esta dissertação se debruça sobre o fenômeno da surdez. Pontuando os momentos e representações associados à categoria surdo, procuro discutir como a construção política de uma cidadania específica para este grupo na atualidade, cujos atores transitam em contextos redundantes, influenciaram na elaboração do que denomino surdidade – uma espécie de identidade coletiva e positiva, específica da surdez – que, ao contrário do que muitos pensam, não é compartilhada por todos que possuem como traço físico a não-audição. Longe de mapear um esteriótipo de surdo, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar experiências vividas em Curitiba por atores sociais surdos, utilizando a ideia de circuitos e trajetos como instrumento metodológico, para pensar modos de vida de certos segmentos desse "mundo surdo", tão diverso da sociedade ouvinte que o cerca. Neste percurso, as fissuras e desacertos vividos pelos surdos pesquisados são relatados e iscutidos a fim de pensarmos como a situação de liminaridade em uma sociedade ouvinte afeta e transforma a aceitação e defesa de sua urdidade, possibilitando a compreensão das múltiplas formas de xperimentar a surdez e dos graus de inserção e participação na sociedade. Abstract: Understanding the uses of the body and its expressive resources in the anthropological viewpoint, this paper focuses on the phenomenon of deafness. Punctuating social attitudes associated with the deaf category, it tries to discuss how an specific political construction of citizenship to this group nowadays, influenced the development of a kind of collective deaf identity – which, contrary to what many think, is not shared by all people who have a hearing desability. Far from describe a deaf stereotype, the goal is to show deaf experiences in Curitiba, using ideas of "circuits" and "paths" (MAGNANI, 1997) in this analysis, to outline ways of life of certain "deaf world" segments - so different from hearing society around it. In this way, the cracks and failures experienced by deaf respondents are reported and discussed in order to think how the situation of liminality in a society affects and transforms the acceptance and defense of his deaf identity. It will help us to understand various deafness experience degrees of integration and participation in society.

En el presente trabajo de investigación, se estudiaron polímeros con la misma naturaleza química del esqueleto hidrófilo constituido por poliacrilamidas, empleando como comonómeros hidrófobos la N,N' -dihexilacrilarnida, N,N' -dioctilacrilamida y el N,N' - didecilacrilamida para la obtención de los copolímeros con multiuniones. En la síntesis de los polímeros telequélicos se utilizaron iniciadores hidrófobos con cadenas hidrocarbonadas lineales y ramificadas para analizar el efecto espesante que le confiere al polímero el tipo de cadena alquílica. Empleando estos iniciadores y los comonómeros hidrófobos se logró sintetizar los polímeros de carácter combinado que poseen los grupos hidrófobos a los extremos (telequélicos) y al interior de la cadena macromolecular (multiuniones). Se analizaron polímeros asociativos con la misma composición y microestructura (NH=3.0). El único parámetro molecular que se modificó fue la longitud de la cadena hidrófoba (alquílica) de los grupos hidrófobos presentes en la síntesis de los polímeros espesantes hidrosolubles. Las diferentes partes en las que se compone este escrito son las siguientes: En el primer capítulo se presentan los antecedentes bibliográficos reportados sobre los polímeros asociativos hidrosolubles. Se describe brevemente la clasificación, caracterización, el método de síntesis y las diferentes familias de polímeros asociativos reportados. En el segundo capítulo se aborda el enfoque de la perspectiva de la tesis, la justificación del trabajo de investigación así como la hipótesis y los objetivos planteados para cumplir con las metas establecidas. El capítulo tercero concierne a la síntesis y caracterización de las materias primas y las poliacrilarnidas modificadas hidrófobamente empleando el método de copolimerización micelar. Se muestran las diferentes familias de polímeros sintetizadas en donde se controló la ubicación de los grupos hidrófobos para hacer un análisis comparativo de las propiedades espesantes que adquiere la cadena hidrófila según la localización de estos grupos. Por último, en el cuarto capítulo se describe los comportamientos reológicos de los polímeros asociativos hidrosolubles en solución acuosa obtenidos experimentalmente. Estos estudios comprenden mediciones reo lógicas en estado estacionario ( en función de la velocidad de corte) y en estado dinámico u oscilatorio ( en función de la frecuencia angular). Estos resultados permiten establecer el comportamiento viscoelástico de estos materiales espesantes.

We analyzed 224 and 163 serum samples from individuals in Sweden and Honduras, respectively, for the presence of the hepatitis G virus (HGV or GB virus-C) RNA. HGV infection in both Sweden and Honduras was related to common risk factors for blood-borne infections, despite a surprisingly high frequency in groups without known risk factors.

Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis G virus (HGV [or GBV-C]) was studied in sera from 42 mothers at high risk for bloodborne infections and from their 45 infants (3 twin pairs). Seven (17%) of the mothers had HGV RNA in serum by a polymerase chain reaction assay. One of the 8 (12.5%) infants born to HGV-infected mothers became positive for HGV at 3 months of age. He remained HGV-infected throughout the study (42 months), with no signs of liver disease. His twin sister remained HGV-negative despite the presence of serum and salivary HGV in both the mother and the brother. Analysis of HGV sequences from the infected mother and the infected child confirmed a genetic link between the virus of the mother and the infected child. Thus, mother-to-infant transmission of HGV, presumably occurring at partus, may cause persistent HGV viremia.

The distribution of subtypes A through F of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Honduras was analyzed in 120 HIV-1 positive serum samples by V3 peptide serotyping and HIV-1 cDNA sequencing. In the Honduran HIV-1 epidemic, subtype B was detected in 98 of 99 subtyped samples.The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes A through E in Honduras was analyzed in 120 HIV-1 positive serum samples by V3 peptide serotyping and HIV-1 cDNA sequencing. Serum samples from 100 HIV-1-seropositive Hondurans were obtained through the country's central AIDS reference laboratory as well as an additional 20 samples from HIV-1-seropositive cases from the Associacion Lucha Contra El SIDA of Tegucigalpa. These cases comprise 14% of all Honduran HIV-1 infection cases diagnosed in 1994. The samples from the country's central AIDS reference laboratory came from 46 males and 54 females aged 3.5-56 years of median age 30 years from all eight of the country's health districts. 49 patients were asymptomatic, 21 had AIDS-related complex, 25 had AIDS, and 5 were of unknown immunostatus. In the initial screening, it was possible to serotype 96 of the 120 samples, 95 of which were subtype B. An eventual 98 subtype B samples were detected among the 99 subtyped samples. One sample was identified as subtype A.

BACKGROUND: Global genetic diversity of HIV-1 is a major challenge to the development of HIV vaccines. We aimed to estimate the regional and global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants during 1990-2015. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebscohost), and Global Health (Ovid) for HIV-1 subtyping studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and Dec 31, 2015. We collected additional unpublished HIV-1 subtyping data through a global survey. We included prevalence studies with HIV-1 subtyping data collected during 1990-2015. We grouped countries into 14 regions and analysed data for four time periods (1990-99, 2000-04, 2005-09, and 2010-15). The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), and unique recombinant forms (URFs) in individual countries was weighted according to the UNAIDS estimates of the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in each country to generate regional and global estimates of HIV-1 diversity in each time period. The primary outcome was the number of samples designated as HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, CRFs, and URFs. The systematic review is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017067164. FINDINGS: This systematic review and global survey yielded 2203 datasets with 383 519 samples from 116 countries in 1990-2015. Globally, subtype C accounted for 46·6% (16 280 897/34 921 639 of PLHIV) of all HIV-1 infections in 2010-15. Subtype B was responsible for 12·1% (4 235 299/34 921 639) of infections, followed by subtype A (10·3%; 3 587 003/34 921 639), CRF02_AG (7·7%; 2 705 110/34 921 639), CRF01_AE (5·3%; 1 840 982/34 921 639), subtype G (4·6%; 1 591 276/34 921 639), and subtype D (2·7%; 926 255/34 921 639). Subtypes F, H, J, and K combined accounted for 0·9% (311 332/34 921 639) of infections. Other CRFs accounted for 3·7% (1 309 082/34 921 639), bringing the proportion of all CRFs to 16·7% (5 844 113/34 921 639). URFs constituted 6·1% (2 134 405/34 921 639), resulting in recombinants accounting for 22·8% (7 978 517/34 921 639) of all global HIV-1 infections. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants changed over time in countries, regions, and globally. At a global level during 2005-15, subtype B increased, subtypes A and D were stable, and subtypes C and G and CRF02_AG decreased. CRF01_AE, other CRFs, and URFs increased, leading to a consistent increase in the global proportion of recombinants over time. INTERPRETATION: Global and regional HIV diversity is complex and evolving, and is a major challenge to HIV vaccine development. Surveillance of the global molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 remains crucial for the design, testing, and implementation of HIV vaccines. FUNDING: None. ispartof: LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES vol:19 issue:2 pages:143-155 ispartof: location:United States status: published