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The confusion points of dichromats are derived from the constant-luminance planes of trichromats, protanopes and deuteranopes experimentally defined by heterochromatic-flicker photometry: (1) the zero-luminance planes of the observers considered in this experiment intersect almost exactly in a line that crosses the plane of the chromaticity diagram in the tritanopic-confusion point and confirm that the short-wavelength sensitive cones can be considered to have no contribution to luminance; (2) protanopic- and deuteranopic-confusion points are taken as being defined by the intersection of the tangent line to the long-wavelength region of the spectrum locus and the zero-luminance plane for protanopes and deuteranopes, respectively. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.

In this paper, we present a new metric to estimate the perceived difference in contrast between an original image and a reproduction. This metric, named weighted-level framework Δ E E (WLF-DEE), implements a multilevel filtering based on the difference of Gaussians model proposed by Tadmor and Tolhurst (2000) and the new Euclidean color difference formula in log-compressed OSA-UCS space proposed by Oleari et al. (2009). Extensive tests and analysis are presented on four different categories belonging to the well-known Tampere Image Database and on two databases developed at our institution, providing different distortions directly related to color and contrast. Comparisons in performance with other state-of-the-art metrics are also pointed out. Results promote WLF-DEE as a new stable metric for estimating the perceived magnitude of contrast between an original and a reproduction. © 2013 Simone et al.; licensee Springer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)