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Objective To investigate the impact of PD1-TCF1+CD8+ stem-like memory T cells on immunotherapy prognosis and tertiary lymphoid structure in tumors. Methods Pathological tissue sections were collected from 33 patients treated with immunotherapy, 18 cases of NSCLC and 15 cases of ESCC. The expression of PD1-TCF1+CD8+T cells was detected through quantitative analysis by multiplex immunofluorescence. Survival curves were described by the Kaplan-Meier method. Pearson's correlation test was used for correlation analysis. Results The high levels of PD1-TCF1+CD8+T cells had a better PFS in NSCLC and ESCC cohorts. In the NSCLC cohort, high levels of PD1-TCF1+CD8+ T cells were significantly and positively correlated with the number (P=0.0151) and size (P=0.0007) of TLSs. Conclusion In patients with NSCLC and ESCCs, high PD1-TCF1+CD8+ stem-like memory T cell expression indicates improved prognosis and immune response and is associated with the formation of TLSs in the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC.

Mung bean seed was soaked and germinated in CaCl2 electrolyzed water (CEW) in order to investigate the effect and mechanism of CEW on preserving the quality of mung bean sprouts. The results showed that after 5 days of storage, the mass loss percentage of mung bean sprouts treated with electrolyzed CaCl2 solution at a concentration of 25 mmol/L decreased, and the hardness and brittleness increased by approximately 1.28 times higher than compared with the control group treated with tap water. The bactericidal effect of CEW was obvious, reducing the microbial load on the surface of mung bean sprouts by nearly one lg (CFU/g). Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that the state of water in mung bean sprouts changed, and the bound water content increased. The relative conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide content decreased by 16.5%, 27.5%, and 36.8%, respectively, the integrity of the cell membrane was maintained, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was reduced, thus reducing the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, the browning of mung bean sprouts during storage was inhibited by CEW treatment, and the mechanism could be related to the decrease in the content of total phenols as browning substrates and the decrease in the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POd) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL). Therefore, CEW treatment can delay the quality deterioration of mung bean sprouts during storage to a certain extent.

Objective To explore the effect of peripheral blood markers on the efficacy and prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods The case data of 61 patients with advanced esophageal cancer who met the inclusion criteria were collected. Data on clinical indicators and peripheral blood markers as well as objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free-survival (PFS) were obtained. Results The median PFS of the included patients was 7.10 months (95%CI: 5.12-9.07). The ORR of patients with baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) < 201 was better than that of patients with LDH≥201 (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that baseline LDH0 < 201, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) < 3.9, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) < 240.3, and LDH1 < 249.0 two weeks after ICI treatment were significantly associated with significant improvement in PFS (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, patients with NLR0 < 3.9 had longer PFS (P < 0.05). Conclusion LDH0 < 201, NLR0 < 3.9, PLR0 < 240.3, and LDH1 < 249.0 are positively correlated with the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with ICIs.

In order to improve the security and encryption speed of chaotic encryption system,a lightweight compression image encryption scheme based on chaotic mapping is proposed.Firstly,in order to speed up the encryption process and destroy the correlation between pixels,the digital image is divided into image blocks and compressed by processing in the frequency domain.Then,2D Logistic chaotic mapping is implemented to rearrange and transpose image pixels in the key generation,scrambling and replacement stages.In addition,to further improve the security level,in the diffusion stage,another chaotic map 2D Henon map is used to change the pixel value of the scrambled image.Performance evaluation results show that the proposed scheme can meet the security requirements of image encryption,and the key space is large.Compared with other excellent schemes,this scheme can better resist statistical and differential attacks,and it is highly sensitive to the change of the generated key space.Its key space size is 256bits,the NPCR value is about 99%,and UACI value is more than 15%.

For studying the effects of different addition ways of graphene on the properties of polyaniline/epoxy coatings, the in - situ polymerization method was applied to synthesize polyaniline (PANI)/graphene(G) composite powders on graphene surface, and the as - prepared powders were characterized by X - ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscope. The as - synthesized composite powders, the mixed powders of PANI and G, and the PANI powders were uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin respectively to prepare coatings on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Subsequently, the effects of different graphene addition methods on the properties of polyaniline/epoxy coatings were studied through electrochemical impedance measurement, water absorption, etc. Results showed that after an immersion within 2 160 h in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution, the coating added with PANI/G composite powders not only had a higher impedance value in comparision with those added with PANI powders or with PANI/G powders, but also had better flexibility and impact resistance. Compared with the mixed powders of PANI and G, the PANI/G composite powders obtained through in - situ polymerization could better exhibit the shielding effect of G and the corrosion inhibition effect of PANI, and therefore provid better protection to magnesium alloy.

In order to explore the effect of alloying on the microstructures and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 at.% V, Mo, and B were added to the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy in this work. The effects of the elements and contents on the phase composition, microstructures, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the crystal structures of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs remained unchanged, and the alloys were still composed of FCC and BCC structures, whose content varied with the addition of alloying elements. After alloying, the aggregation of Co, Cr, Al, and Ni elements remained unchanged, and the V and Mo were distributed in both dendritic and interdendritic phases. The tensile strengths of the alloys all exceeded 1000 MPa when the V and Mo elements were added, and the Mo0.2 alloy had the highest tensile strength, of 1346.3 MPa, and fracture elongation, of 24.6%. The alloys with the addition of V and Mo elements showed a mixed ductile and brittle fracture, while the B-containing alloy presented a cleavage fracture. The fracture mechanism of Mo0.2 alloy is mainly crack propagation in the BCC lamellae, and the FCC dendritic lamellae exhibit the characteristics of plastic deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the characteristics of the power system, where "the source moves with the load", the load side is primarily responsible for the carbon emissions of the regional power grid. Consequently, users' electricity consumption behavior has a significant impact on system carbon emissions. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-objective bi-level optimization strategy for source-load coordination, considering dual demand responses for both electricity and carbon. The upper layer establishes a multi-objective low-carbon economic dispatch model for power grid operators, aiming to minimize the system's total operating cost, the total direct carbon emissions of the power grid, and the disparity in regional carbon emissions. In the lower layer, a low-carbon economic dispatch model for load aggregators is established to minimize the total cost for load aggregators. To obtain the dynamic carbon emission factor signal, a complex power flow tracking method that considers the power supply path is proposed, and a carbon flow tracking model is established. NSGA-II is used to obtain the Pareto optimal frontier set for the upper model, and the 'optimal' scheme is determined based on the fuzzy satisfaction decision. The example analysis demonstrates that the interactive carbon reduction effect under the guidance of dual signals is the most effective. This approach fully exploits the carbon reduction potential of the flexible load, enhancing both the economic efficiency and low-carbon operation of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy, such as wind power and photovoltaic power, has uncertain and intermittent characteristics and zero marginal cost characteristics. The traditional power market mechanism is difficult to adapt to the new power system with a high proportion of renewable energy, and the original market system needs to be reformed. This paper discusses the application of a VCG auction mechanism in the electricity market, proposes a two-stage VCG market-clearing model based on the VCG mechanism, including the day-ahead market and the real-time market, and discusses the nature of the VCG mechanism. In order to address the discrepancy between the actual output of stochastic generator sets in the real-time market and their pre-scheduled output in the day-ahead market due to prediction deviations, a method for calculating punitive costs is proposed. A reallocation method based on market entities' contributing factors to budget imbalance is proposed to address the issue of budget imbalance under the VCG mechanism, in order to achieve revenue and expenditure balance. Through an example, the incentive compatibility characteristics of the VCG mechanism are verified, the problems of the locational marginal pricing (LMP) mechanism in the stochastic electricity market with a high proportion of renewable energy are analyzed, the electricity prices of the LMP mechanism and the VCG mechanism under different renewable energy proportions are compared, and the redistribution of the budget imbalance of the VCG mechanism is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a real‐option model to study the effect of input supplier's market power on a firm's capital structure, and identify the Nash equilibrium outcome (firm's investment and financing policies and its supplier's pricing policy). When its supplier has market power, the firm will reduce leverage ratio and delay investment. This can help explain why observed leverage ratios are lower than in traditional capital‐structure models (without supplier market power). Firm value can be increased by the vertical acquisition of the supplier, which would also result in a higher leverage ratio. This helps explain the observed increase in leverage ratios after acquisitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the manufacturing methods of high performance gradient functional materials, laser additive manufacturing technology can achieve the materials with gradient microstructure and property through precisely controlling the powder feeding and corresponding process adjustment, providing a new way to prepare high performance gradient functional materials more conveniently and efficiently. The basic principles and classification of laser additive manufacturing technology for high performance gradient functional materials were introduced in this paper, and the research progress in manufacturing high performance gradient functional materials by laser additive manufacturing technology at home and abroad was summarized. Furthermore, the shortcomings of this research field in material selection, process optimization and process monitoring were proposed, and its future research directions, such as the establishment of standard systems, in-depth theoretical research and the development of new manufacturing systems, were prospected, which provide guidance for the research of laser additive manufacturing technology for high performance gradient functional materials.