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Neoseiulus subsolidus (Beglyarov, 1960) (Figs 1–13) Typhlodromus subsolidus Beglyarov, 1960: 956. Amblyseius (Amblyseius) subsolidus Wainstein 1975: 921. Amblyseius subsolidus Beglyarov 1981: 34; Tuovinen 1993: 105; Kuznetsov & Petrov 1984: 49. Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) subsolidus Karg 1991: 16. FEMALE (n=10) Figs 1–4, 13 (A–E, G) Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 1A, 4A–B, 13A) 430 (410–452) long, 282 (272–303) wide at level of s4. Dorsal shield rotund and dark brownish, well sclerotized, heavily reticulated from anterior edge to level of Z4 seta and smooth or slightly reticulated posterior to Z4. With 17 pairs of smooth setae except Z5 weakly barbed with a blunt tip, and two interscutal setae r3 and R1 on soft cuticle, seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 15 pairs of lyrifissures (id1, id2, id4, id5, id6, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm4, idm5, idm6, idl1, idl4, idx and is). Solenostomes gd9 enlarged. Muscle attachment sites (sigillae) present from j3 to Z4 and clearly seen. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 24 (22–27), j3 52 (47–55), j4 7 (6–8), j5 7 (6–8), j6 11 (10–13), J2 20 (18–23), J5 10 (9–10), z2 30 (28–33), z4 55 (50–60), z5 8 (7–8), Z1 60 (54–65), Z4 95 (91–100), Z5 74 (67–79), s4 66 (63–72), S2 68 (63–72), S4 49 (44–54), S5 38 (34–42), r3 35 (31–38), R1 22 (19–24). Venter (Figs 1B, 4C–D, 13B–E). Sternal shield 56 (50–61) long from middle of anterior margin to posterior margin, 81 (76–85) wide (at the level of ST2–ST2), heavily sclerotized and reticulated on lateral margins, with three pairs of setae (ST1–ST3) and two pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2). Setae ST4 and lyrifissures iv3 situated on ovalshaped and well sclerotized metasternal shields. Peritremes wide, with numerous chetoides, extending forward nearly to j1 level. Genital shield heavily sclerotized, slightly reticulated, 81 (75–86) wide at level of setae ST5–ST5. Pair of paragenital lyrifissures iv5 present on soft cuticle. Four thick transverse sclerites present between posterior margin of genital and anterior margin of ventrianal shield. One pair of small sigillae (sgpa) near setae ZV1. Ventrianal shield large, reticulated mostly in anterior part, 140 (131–151) long and 124 (114–136) wide at level of ZV2, anterior margin straight. With three pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2, and ZV2), one pair of para-anal setae (PA), unpaired postanal seta (PST), and a pair of small crescentic solenostomes (gv3) posteromesad JV2. Caudoventral area with four pairs of setae (ZV1, ZV3, JV4, and JV5) (in illustrated specimen with three setae on right side because abnormality) and six pairs of lyrifissures (five pairs of ivo, and a pair of ivp). Setae JV5 35 (30–41) long. Two pairs of metapodal shield present on soft cuticle, primary 48 (43–58) and secondary 11 (9–13) long, respectively. Spermatheca (Figure 2E, 13C–D). Calyx thick walled, narrow basally and gradually expanding distally, Vshaped 22 (19–24); atrium swollen, minor duct present, major duct broad. Gnathosoma (Figs 2A–D). Subcapitulum well sclerotized, with three pairs of hypostomal setae h1, h2, h3 and one pair of palpcoxal setae pc, deutosternal groove with seven transverse rows of denticles. Palp 135 (129–138) long (distance between base of trochanter to apex of tarsus): trochanter with two ventral setae v1 and v2; femur with one spatulate anterolateral seta al, three dorsal (d1–d3) and one posterolateral pl; genu with two short and thick anterolateral setae al1, al2, three dorsal (d1–d3) and one posterolateral pl; tibia with one short anterolateral seta, eight dorsal (d1–d8), two distal di1, di2, two ventral v1, v2, and one posterolateral pl; tarsus with 15 setae and two-tined apotele. Epistome triangular and smooth. Chelicera: movable digit 26 (23–28) long, with three teeth, fixed digit 26 (24–28) long, with nine teeth and pilus dentilis. Legs (Figs 3, 13G). Leg I 319 (300–330), leg II 278 (266–289), leg III 291 (255–309), leg IV 367 (344–389) in length. Leg IV with a short and blunt-tip macroseta on basitarsus St IV 27 (26–29) long. Leg chaetotaxy provided in Table 2. MALE (n=7, Figs 5–6, 13F). Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 5A, 6A–B) 341 (324–377) long, 246 (229–261) wide at level of s4. Dorsal shield rotund and dark brownish, well sclerotized, heavily reticulated from anterior edge to level of Z4 seta and smooth or slightly reticulated posterior to Z4. With 19 pairs of smooth setae except Z5 barbed, seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 13 visible lyrifissures (id1, id2, id4, id5, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm4, idm5, idm6, idl1, idl3, idl4). Solenostomes gd9 enlarged as in female. Muscle attachment sites (sigillae) present from j1 to S4 and clearly seen. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 18 (16–20), j3 49 (40–55), j4 7 (6–7), j5 7 (6–8), j6 10 (10–11), J2 20 (17–23), J5 8 (7–9), z2 29 (26–32), z4 50 (45–54), z5 8 (7–9), Z1 56 (48–62), Z4 80 (72–87), Z5 63 (59–67), s4 61 (54–70), S2 58 (53–61), S4 44 (41–48), S5 33 (27–40), r3 31 (28–35), R1 22 (19–25). Peritremes extending forward nearly to j1 level. Venter (Figs 5B, 6C, 13F). Sternogenital shield 121 (116–125) long from middle of anterior margin to posterior margin, 70 (66–74) wide at level of ST2–ST2, lightly reticulated, with five pairs of smooth setae (ST1–ST5) and three pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2, iv3). Ventrianal shield 144 (136–154) long, 167 (161–170) wide at level of anterior corners, well triangular, reticulated from anterior margin to level of JV2, three specimens with five pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2, ZV1, ZV2, ZV3); one specimen with five setae on left side and four setae on right side (JV1 absent); two with five setae on right side and four on left side (ZV3 absent); one with five setae on left side and three on right side (ZV1 and ZV3 absent), one pair of para-anal setae (PA), unpaired post-anal seta (PST), a pair of crescentic solenostomes (gv3) posteromesad JV2 and four pairs of lyrifissures (ivo, ivo, ivo, iv5). A pair of JV5 29 (26–32) and a pair of lyrifissures ivp on soft cuticle. Gnathosoma (Figs 5C, 6D). Chelicera: movable digit 21 (19–22) long, with one tooth, fixed digit 21 (19–22) long, with six teeth and pilus dentilis. Spermatodactyl L-shaped with toe well developed. Legs. Leg I 286 (277–302), leg II 249 (242–258), leg III 264 (254–275), leg IV 336 (328–345) in length. Leg IV with short macroseta on basitarsus St IV 27 (23–28) long. Leg chaetotaxy as in female. LARVA (n=1, Figs 7, 8, 13H) Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 7A) 224 long, 156 wide at level of s4. Podonotal shield weakly sclerotized, smooth, with nine pairs of setae (j1, j3, j4, j5, j6, z2, z4, z5 and s4) and four pairs of lyrifissures (id2, id4, id5, id6), solenostomes absent. Setae j3, j6, z4 and s4 knobbed apically, remaining setae are pointed apically and setiform. Opisthonotal region with six pairs of setae Z1, Z4, Z5, S2, S4, S5 and one pair of “setae nubs” in position of setae J5 (S5, Z5 and “setae nubs” situated on ventral side), with six pairs of lyrifussures (idm1, idm2, idm3, idm4 (situated on ventral side), idx, idl1). Setae Z4 apically knobbed and much longer than other dorsal setae. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 26, j3 37, j4 7, j5 6, j6 57, z2 26, z4 49, z5 13, Z1 34, Z4 113, Z5 22, s4 61, S2 38, S4 15, S5 19. Venter (Figs 7B, 13H) without discernible shields. Coxisternal area with three pairs of setae ST1–ST3 and without lyrifissures. Ventrianal area with four pairs of opisthogastric setae JV1, JV2, JV5, ZV2, one pair of paraanal setae (PA), unpaired post-anal seta (PST), and a pair of small rounded pre-anal solenostomes gv3 and a pair of lyrifissures ivp. Measurements of ventral setae as follows: ST1 23, ST2 24, ST3 22, JV1 15, JV2 19, JV5 10, ZV2 11, PA 16 and PST 13. Gnathosoma (Figs 7C–E). Subcapitulum weakly sclerotized, with two pairs of hypostomal setae h1 and h2, deutosternal groove obscure, without discernible denticles. Palp 103 long (distance between base of trochanter to apex of tarsus): trochanter without setae; femur with one spatulate anterolateral seta al, two dorsal d1, d2 and one posterolateral pl; genu with one short and thick anterolateral seta al, three dorsal d1, d2, d3 and one posterolateral pl; tibia with one short anterolateral seta al, six dorsal (d1–d6), two distal di1, di2, two ventral v1, v2 and one posterolateral pl; tarsus with two dorsal setae d1, d2, six distal (di1, di3, di5, di6, di7, di8), three ventral (v1–v3) and two-tined apotele. Chelicera: movable digit 17 long, with one tooth, fixed digit 17 long, with five teeth and short pilus dentilis. Legs (Fig. 8). Leg I 250, leg II 204 and leg III 222 in length. All legs without macrosetae. Leg chaetotaxy (except tarsus I) provided in Table 2. PROTONYMPH (n=2, Figs 9–10) Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 9A) 253-263 long, 154–167 wide at level of s4. Podonotal shield slightly reticulated mostly in anterior and lateral parts, muscle attachment sites (sigillae) present and clearly seen, with nine pairs of setae, four pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4 (in illustrated specimen visible only on left side), gd6) and two pairs of lyrifissures (id2, id5). Podonotal and pygidial shields separated by interscutal membrane, which bears three pairs of setae (J2, Z1 and S2), six pairs of mesonotal sclerites (biggest with seta J2), five pairs of lyrifissures (idm2, idm3, is1, idl1, and idl3); setae r3 and R1 situated on soft cuticle. Pygidial shield well reticulated, with five pairs of setae (J5, Z4, Z5, S4, S5), two pairs of solenostomes (gd8, gd9) and two pairs of lyrifissures (idx, idl4), setae Z4 and Z5 barbed. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 22–24, j3 42–45, j4 7, j5 6–7, j6 23–27, J2 39–41, J5 8–9, z2 24–25, z4 52, z5 9–10, Z1 40–48, Z4 69, Z5 47–49, s4 59 –63, S2 50 –52, S4 27 –31, S5 22 –26, r3 31–32, R1 19–20. Venter (Fig. 9B). Coxisternal region without discernible shields, with three pairs of setae (ST1–ST3) and two pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2). Ventrianal region with four pairs of setae (JV1, JV2, JV5, ZV2), one pair of para-anal setae (PA) and unpaired post-anal seta (PST), with one pair of pre-anal circular solenostomes gv3, posterior to JV2 and five pairs of lyrifissures (iv5, ivo, ivo, ivo, ivp) on soft cuticle surrounding anal shield. Measurements of ventral setae as follows: ST1 20–21, ST2 19–21, ST3 19–22, JV1 16, JV2 15–17, JV5 23–25, ZV2 15, PA 14, PST 15–16. Peritremes short, slightly beyond the level of seta z5. Gnathosoma (Figs. 9C–E). Subcapitulum weakly sclerotized, with three pairs of hypostomal h1, h2, h3 and one pair of palpcoxal setae pc, deutosternal groove with eight transverse rows of denticles, each row with two or three teeth. Palp 122–114 long (distance between base of trochanter to apex of tarsus): trochanter with one ventral seta v; femur, genu and tibia as in larva; tarsus with three dorsal (d1–d3), nine distal (di1–di9), three ventral (v1–v3) and two-tined apotele. Chelicera: movable digit 19 long, with two teeth, fixed digit 19 long, with six teeth and pilus dentilis. Legs (Fig. 10). Leg I 251–257, Leg II 219–222, Leg III 223–227 and Leg IV 265–269. Latter with a macroseta, ST IV 43–44. Leg chaetotaxy (except tarsus I) provided in Table 2. DEUTONYMPH FEMALE (n=4, Figs 11–12, 13I) Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 11A, 13I) 310 (296–325) long, 178 (170–187) wide at level of s4. Podonotal and opisthonotal shields fused at the level of R1 creating schizodorsal shield. Latter reticulated, with 17 pairs of smooth setae except Z4 and Z5 barbed; seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 14 pairs of lyrifissures (id2, id4, id5, id6, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm5, idm6, idl1, idl3, idl4, idx and is), setae r3 and R1 on interscutal membrane. Muscle attachment sites (sigillae) present and clearly seen. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 24 (24–25), j3 46 (45–50), j4 8 (7–9), j5 7 (7–8), j6 15 (13–17), J2 30 (27–35), J5 7 (6–9), z2 27 (25–29), z4 51 (47–55), z5 8 (8–9), Z1 53 (51–57), Z4 71 (55–80), Z5 53 (47–60), s4 68 (65–71), S2 58 (55–63), S4 35 (32–41), S5 29 (27–34), r3 36 (34–39), R1 22 (20–23). Venter (Figure 11B). Coxisternal area with four pairs of setae, ST1–ST4 and three pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2, iv3) situated on weakly sclerotized sternogenital shield. Length of sternogenital shield (distance between setae ST1–ST5) 138 (136–141), width (distance between setae ST2–ST2) 69 (67–70). Genital area with pair of setae ST5 and a pair of para-genital poroid iv5 on soft cuticle. Ventrianal region with seven pairs of setae (JV1, JV2, JV4, JV5, ZV1, ZV2, ZV3), one pair of para-anal setae (PA) and unpaired post-anal seta (PST), with one pair of pre-anal circular solenostomes gv3 (situated on small weakly sclerotized platelets), posterior to JV2 and three visible pairs of lyrifissures (ivo, ivo, ivp) on soft cuticle surrounding anal shield. Opisthogastric area with one pair of metapodal plate. Measurements of ventral setae as follows: ST1 26 (25–28), ST2 25 (24–26), ST3 22 (22–23), ST4 21 (20–22), ST5 22, JV1 15 (15–16), JV2 18 (18–19), JV4 12, JV5 30 (28–33), ZV1 14 (13–14), ZV2 16 (16–17), ZV3 11 (10–12), PA 14 (13–14), PST 14 (13–15). Peritremes extending beyond level of j3 setae. Gnathosoma (Fig. 11C–E). Subcapitulum slightly reticulated, with three pairs of hypostomal h1, h2, h3 and one pair of palpcoxal setae pc, deutosternal groove with seven transverse rows of denticles. Palp 122 (121–123) long (distance between base of trochanter to apex of tarsus): chaetotaxy as in female. Chelicera: movable digit 20 (20-21) long, with three teeth, fixed digit 20 (19–21) long, with eight teeth and pilus dentilis. Legs (Figure 12). Leg I 280 (266–287), Leg II 254 (251–261), Leg III 268 (258–273), Leg IV 330 (325–335) long. Latter with a blunt tip macroseta STIV 39 (37–41) long. Leg chaetotaxy (except tarsus I) provided in Table 2. Specimens examined: 4 females and 2 males from Salix sp. in northern part of Tyumen region, Russia, 11 August 2019; 4 females from Salix sp. in north part of Tyumen region, Russia, 8 August 2019; 3 females, 1 male, 1 larva, 2 protonymph and 4 deutonymph from Salix sp. in Altai republic, Russia, 50° 13’ N, 87° 48’ E, 1472 m, 30 July 2020; 2 males from Salix sp. in Chelyabinsk region, Tyulyuk village, Russia, 54°36′ N, 58°46′ E, 18 August 2020; 5 females and 3 males from Salix sp. in Altai republic, Russia, 50° 32’ N, 87° 45’, 1546 m, 19 July 2021. All material collected by V. A. Khaustov. Geographical distribution: Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine (Beglyarov 1981; Kuznetsov & Petrov 1984; Kolodochka 2006; Demite et al. 2022)., Published as part of Khaustov, Vladimir A., Döker, Ismail, Joharchi, Omid & Khaustov, Alexander A., 2022, Morphological ontogeny and complementary description of Neoseiulus subsolidus (Beglyarov) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), pp. 249-269 in Zootaxa 5187 (1) on pages 250-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5187.1.14, http://zenodo.org/record/7078146, {"references":["Beglyarov, G. A. (1960) Two new species of mites of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten, 1857 (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Russia, 39, 956 - 958. [in Russian]","Wainstein, B. A. (1975) Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes) of Yaroslavl Province. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Russia, 54, 914 - 922. [in Russian, Entomological Review, 54, 138 - 143 (English translation)]","Beglyarov, G. A. (1981) Keys to the determination of phytoseiid mites of the USSR. Information Bulletin International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, East Palaearctic Section, Leningrad, Russia, 2, 1 - 197. [in Russian]","Tuovinen, T. (1993) Identification and occurrence of phytoseiid mites (Gamasina: Phytoseiidae) in Finnish apple plantations and their surroundings. Entomologica Fennica, 4, 95 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.33338 / ef. 83754","Kuznetsov, N. N. & Petrov, V. M. (1984) Khishchnye kleshchi Pribaltiki (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae, Acariformes: Prostigmata). Riga, Zinatne, 144 pp. [in Russian]","Karg, W. (1991) Die Raubmilbenarten der Phytoseiidae Berlese (Acarina) Mitteleuropas sowie angrenzender Gebiete. Zoologische Jahrbucher Systematik, 118, 1 - 64.","Kolodochka, L. A. (2006) Phytoseiid mites of the Palaearctic Region (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae): faunistic, taxonomy, ecomorphology, evolution. Vestnik Zoologii, Supplement 21, 1 - 250. [in Ru ssian]","Demite, P. R., Moraes, G. J. de, McMurtry, J. A., Denmark, H. A. & Castilho, R. C. (2022) Phytoseiidae Database. Available from: http: // www. lea. esalq. usp. br / phytoseiidae / (accessed 21 March 2022)"]}

Ololaelaps ussuriensis Bregetova & Koroleva, 1964 Figures 43–51. Ololaelaps ussuriensis Bregetova & Koroleva, 1964: 75. Ololaelaps ussuriensis. — Bregetova, 1977: 539; Ren & Guo, 2008: 329; Babaeian et al., 2019: 351; Beaulieu et al., 2019: 5. Specimens examined. Lectotype (here designated), female, Pokrovka, Primorsky Krai, Russia, 19 September 1946, Dubinin and Zhmaeva coll. on Apodemus agrarius; slide number 4896. Paralectotypes, one female (slide number 4899) and one male (slide number 4897), Ussuriysk, Primorsky Krai, Russia, 9 August 1952, Preobrazhenskii coll. on Apodemus agrarius; one female (slide number 4900), Kraskino, Primorsky Krai, Russia, 6 September 1952, Preobrazhenskii coll. on Microtus michnoi; two females (slide numbers 4901 & 4902), Russky Island, Primorsky Krai, Russia, 4 October 1955, Shapiro coll. in nest of Microtus fortis. Remarks. Ololaelaps ussuriensis was described from the Far East of Russia (Bregetova & Koroleva, 1964) where it was found on small rodents or in their nests, and has also been recorded in China (Ren & Guo, 2008) and Iran from soil-litter (Nemati et al., 2018). Bregetova & Koroleva (1964) designated syntypes for O. ussuriensis; in this study, a lectotype is chosen among the examined syntypes. The lectotype is necessary to stabilise the distinction betwee O. ussuriensis and the other species discussed here. Babaeian et al. (2019) drew attention to the similarity between O. ussuriensis and O. caucasicus, and stated that Bregetova & Koroleva (1964) distinguished these two species from each other by small, weak or vague differences (e.g. mainly the reticulation of the epipleura, the ornamentation of genitiventrianal shield, and the number of hypostomal denticles). Babaeian et al. believed such small morphological differences may represent intraspecific variations. In the meantime, Ma (2016) also considered that Ololaelaps ussuriensis is a junior synonym of O. sinensis Berlese, 1923. However, Ma (2016) did not provide any explanation for this decision, nor did he provide the details of the examined specimens. The species was originally described as O. venetus var. sinensis from China (Berlese, 1923), and Ryke (1962) raised it to the species level and provided some more information. However, they both lack most important details and the type series of this species may never have been re-examined. We also have not had the opportunity to examine the type specimens of O. sinensis in order to confirm this synonymy, but at least we had the opportunity to examine the type specimens of O. ussuriensis and O. caucasicus in order to compare these two species carefully. Therefore, in this study, we retain these three species as distinct species and confirm all diagnostic character states listed by Beaulieu et al. (2019) for each, and herein provide additional clarification of characters for O. ussuriensis based on the examination of type series specimens. All these observations were made on all specimens examined, unless specified: (1) dorsal shield essentially smooth, without reticulation (i.e. not reticulate, but completely micropunctate) over whole surface except ventrolateral margins (epipleura) which are relatively well extended ventrally and lineate-reticulate, cells narrow and oriented mostly longitudinally or diagonally (but not compressed as in caucasicus) (see Figs 43, 45), bearing 39 pairs of setae (Jx seta absent); (2) metasternal setae st4 and metasternal poroids obviously inserted on the sternal shield margin (Fig. 44), posterior margin of shield slightly concave (Figs 43, 44); (3) metapodal elements partly fused to hologastric shield and shield ornamented by scale-like cells and bearing five pairs of pre-anal setae (Jv1–3, Zv1–2) in addition to seta st5 (in all examined specimens) (Fig. 43); (4) hypostomal groove with six transverse rows of denticles, each row with 2–3 relatively large denticles, groove wider anteriorly, progressively narrowing from anterior to posterior (Fig. 46); (5) the pretarsal paradactyli on legs II–IV relatively short, with tips barely extending beyond claws (Fig. 47); (6) insemination structures not discernible; (7) spermatodactyl short, with a straight duct and without hump subapically (Fig. 48); (8) in the male tarsus II bearing a stout spur-like ventral seta (pv2) (Fig. 49), genu II and femur IV with cuticular tubercles (see Figs 50 & 51). Supplementary measurements (n=2): (1) lengths of dorsal setae decreasing from anterior to posterior, most of podonotal setae 40–50 and opisthonotal setae 23–30; (2) sternal shield length 115–118, maximum width 189–195, between coxae II 104–107; (3) hologastric shield 400–415 long (4) sternal setae (st1–st4) 55–59, metasternal setae st5 and pre-anal setae (JV1–3, ZV1–2) 44–54; (5) legs: I (530–540), II (435–450), III (387–397) & IV (492–508). See Remarks for O. caucasicus for the main distinctions between the two species., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Stanyukovich, Maria K., Asyamova, Olga S., Döker, Ismail & Tolstikov, Andrei V., 2022, Review of some mites of the genus Ololaelaps Berlese (Acari, Laelapidae) in Russia with description of a new species, pp. 464-480 in Zootaxa 5138 (4) on pages 475-477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6571746, {"references":["Bregetova, N. G. & Koroleva, E. V. (1964) Mites of the genus Ololaelaps Berlese, 1964 (Acarina: Laelaptidae). Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 22, 61 - 87. [in Russian]","Bregetova, N. G. (1977) Family Laelaptidae Berlese, 1892. In: Ghilyarov, M. S. & Bregetova, N. G. (Eds.), Key to the Soil Inhabiting Mites. Mesostigmata. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 483 - 554. [in Russian]","Ren, T. - G. & Guo, X. - G. (2008) Preliminary study on Laelapidae fauna in China (Acari: Gamasidna: Laelapidae). Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 19 (4), 326 - 332.","Babaeian, E., Ghobari, H. & Samani, K. M. (2019) Redescription of Ololaelaps tasmanicus (Womersley, 1956) and description of a new species of Ololaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Iran. Zootaxa, 4629 (3), 351 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4629.3.3","Beaulieu, F., Quintero-Gutierrez, E. J., Sandmann, J., Klarner, B., Widyastuti, R., Combita-Heredia, O. & Scheu, S. (2019) Review of the mite genus Ololaelaps (Acari, Laelapidae) and redescription of O. formidabilis Berlese. ZooKeys, 853, 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 853.29407","Nemati, A., Riahi, E., Khalili-Moghadam, A. & Gwiazdowicz, D. J. (2018) A catalogue of the Iranian Mesostigmata (Acari): additions and updates of the previous catalogue. Persian Journal of Acarology, 7, 115 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.22073 / pja. v 7 i 2.36985","Ma, L. - M. (2016) New synonyms of Mesostigmatic mites (Acari). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 25, 95 - 98. [in Chinese]","Berlese, A. (1923) Centuria sesta di Acari nuovi. Redia, 15, 237 - 262.","Ryke, P. A. J. (1962) The genus Ololaelaps Berlese (Acarina: Laelaptidae). Revista de Biologia, 3, 124 - 130."]}

Ololaelaps sellnicki Bregetova & Koroleva, 1964 Figures 31–42. Ololaelaps sellnicki Bregetova & Koroleva, 1964: 77. Ololaelaps sellnicki. — Bregetova, 1977: 538; Evans & Till, 1966: 231; Solomon, 1968: 672; Kavianpour et al., 2017: 164; Babaeian et al., 2019: 351; Beaulieu et al., 2019: 5. Pseudoparasitus (Ololaelaps) sellnicki.— Karg, 1978: 209. Specimens examined. Lectotype (here designated), female, Leningrad oblast, Russia, Bregetova and Koroleva coll. from moss in wet and alpine meadows, May to November, 1954–1961; slide number 4906. Paralectotypes, eight females, same label data as lectotype; slide numbers 4906 and 4917, one male, Zakarpatskaya oblast, Ukraine, 13 July 1958, Vysotskaya coll. in nests of Apodemus sylvaticus; slide number 4936. Remarks. Bregetova & Koroleva (1964) proposed the name sellnicki as a replacement name for haemisphaericus. Beaulieu et al. (2019) have comprehensively discussed the confusion surrounding the name haemisphaericus. We here designate a lectotype in order to maintain the prevailing concept of the name sellnicki (as Beaulieu et al., 2019 suggested). This species is widely distributed in western parts of Eurasia (Beaulieu et al., 2019). We here provide additional morphological characters to complement the original description of Bregetova and Koroleva (1964) by examining type series specimens, all these observations were made on all specimens examined, unless specified: (1) dorsal shield essentially smooth, without reticulation (i.e. not reticulate, but completely micropunctate) over whole surface, bearing 37 pairs of setae (z1 and z3 absent in all examined specimens) (Fig. 31), a supernumerary seta Jx present between J -series, ventrolateral margins (epipleura) smooth and narrow, much less developed than in O. caucasicus and [whatever other spp. with broad epipleura] (Figs 32 & 33); (2) metasternal setae st4 and metasternal poroids obviously inserted on the sternal shield margin (Fig. 34); (3) fused peritrematal-hologastricparapodal shields by way of the metapodal platelet; hologastric shield strongly reticulated, anteriorly comprising polygonal cells, cells elongated transversally in region anterior to anus, bearing four pairs of slender setae, Jv3 and Zv2 off the shield (Figs 32, 33, 36, 37); (4) hypostomal groove with six transverse rows of denticles, each row with 4–7 small denticles, groove wider anteriorly, progressively narrowing from anterior to posterior (Fig. 35); (5) fixed digit of chelicera with an offset subapical tooth (gabelzahn), followed by two moderately large teeth; movable digit with two similarly large sized teeth (Fig. 38); (6) the pretarsal paradactyli on legs II–IV are elongated, with their tips projecting well beyond the claws (Fig. 39); (7) spermathecae well-sclerotised and with a distinctive subapical appendage (in four examined specimens) as showed in Figure 40; (8) spermatodactyl with a sinuous duct, and a subapical bend (Fig. 41); (9) tarsus II in male bearing a spine-like ventral seta (pv2) (see Fig. 42). Supplementary measurements (n=4): (1) almost all dorsal setae uniform in length 32–38; (2) sternal shield length 102–106, maximum width 200–219, between coxae II 115–120; (3) hologastric shield 390–395 long (4) sternal setae (st1–st4) 57–63, metasternal setae st5 & pre-anal setae (JV1–3, ZV1–2) 39–52; (5) legs: I (568–577), II (440–450), III (412–420), IV (548–568).

Ololaelaps altaiensis Joharchi sp. nov. (Figures 1–25) Type material: Holotype, female, Teletskoye Lake, Altai Republic, Russia, 51°21’N 87°45’E, 1 August 2020, A.A. Khaustov, O. Joharchi and V. A. Khaustov coll., from moss on the shore of the Teletskoye Lake (in TSUMZ). Paratypes, seven females and one male same data as holotype (in TSUMZ). Diagnosis (adult female and male). Dorsal shield broad, smooth throughout except for lightly punctate epipleura (and sigillar scars), length/width ratio ~1.25–1.3, bearing 38 pairs of simple and short setae, plus one unpaired seta Jx (in all examined specimens present), z3 absent; epipleura narrow, lightly punctate. Female sternal shield distinctly reticulate-punctate throughout, except smooth or faintly reticulated posteriorly where overlapped by hyaline flap of hologastric shield, bearing setae st1–st3; posterior margin slightly concave, anterior margin more or less straight; seta st4 and poroid iv3 on soft cuticle, tightly positioned between the sternal and endopodal shields; wider than long, ratio of shield length/width ≃ 0.44. Hologastric shield strongly reticulate-punctate, anteriorly comprising polygonal cells, cells elongated in region anterior to anus, bearing seta st5 and three pairs of pre-anal setae (Jv1, Jv2 & Zv1), Jv3 & Zv2 off the shield (in all examined specimens), peritrematal-hologastric-parapodal shields fused by way of the metapodal platelets (as connecting bridge, Beaulieu et al., 2019). Hypostomal groove with 3–5 relatively large denticles per row. Spermathecal ducts well sclerotised and conspicuous; spermatodactyl with a sinuous duct, and a subapical hump, 0.78× as long as movable digit. Tarsus II of male with a ventral spine (pv2). Description. Female (n=10) (Figures 1–21) Female. Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 1, 7). Dorsal shield broad and dome-like, 738–750 long and 540–600 wide, suboval, shield smooth throughout except in the epipleuron area, bearing 38 pairs of setae, 21 pairs of podonotal, z3 absent and 16 pairs of opisthonotal setae, including two pairs of Zx setae (Zx2 & Zx3), usually one unpaired seta (Jx) in all examined specimens present; ventrolateral margins (epipleura) narrow, lightly punctate (= granulate), shield with a delineated marginal strip along its edge (Figs 1, 7). All dorsal setae slender, relatively short (35–45), with j1 (24–27), z1 (20–23) shorter. Dorsal shield with 21 pairs of pore-like structures, including five pairs of gland openings (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd6, gd9) and 16 pairs of poroids, idm5 and gd4 on posterior and lateral shield margin, respectively (discernible ventrally), see Figures 1, 7. Ventral idiosoma (Figs 2, 8–11). Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae (86–89), columnar base 32–37 × 20–22 wide; pre-sternal area with well sclerotised plates ornamented with two or three transverse lines, and weakly sclerotised, lineate-punctate anteromesal to platelets (Figs 2, 8, 9); sternal shield length 102–106, maximum width 225–253, narrowest between coxae II (115–130), strongly reticulate-punctate over whole surface, except posterior area where overlapped by hyaline flap of hologastric shield smooth or faintly reticulated, bearing three pairs of smooth setae (st1 56–67, st2 54–71, st3 56–69), and slit-like poroids iv1–2, setae reaching beyond base of next setae, posterior margin of shield slightly concave, anterior margin more or less straight (Figs 2, 9, 10). Metasternal setae st4 (56–64) and metasternal poroids (iv3) located on soft cuticle (Figs 2, 9, 10); metasternal platelets absent. Endopodal plates II/III completely fused to sternal shield, endopodal plates III/IV large, free and curved, partly overlapped by hologastric shield (Figs 2, 9). Hologastric shield strongly reticulate-punctate, 400–446 long, 353–401 wide, comprising large polygonal cells anteriorly, cells elongated transversally posteriorly, especially in region anterior to anus (Figs 2, 9); bearing four pairs of slender setae: st5 (54–61), Jv1 (46–48), Jv2 (54–56), Zv1 (68–60); seta Jv3 (40–42) and Zv2 (40–43) off the shield in all examined specimens; shield bearing three pairs of poroids, including paragenital poroids iv5 and two pairs of ivo; post-anal seta (23–25) shorter than para-anal setae (35–38); anal gland pores (gv3) on posterolateral shield margins, at level slightly posterior to para-anals (Figs 2, 8, 9), cribrum consisting of a terminal tuft with 3–4 irregular rows of spicules, limited to region posterior to post-anal seta. Soft opisthogastric cuticle with seven pairs of setae, r6 (17–20), Zv2–4 (38–45), Jv3–5 (41–49), two poroids (ivo and ivp) (Figs 2, 8). Exopodal shield surrounding acetabula II–IV fused with sternal shield via endopodal element between coxae I–II which bear gland pore gvb; peritrematal shield fused anteriorly to dorsal shield at mid-level of coxa II, posteriorly fused with exopodal shield fused with well-developed parapodal element (Figs 2, 8, 9, 11), peritrematalparapodal shield fused by way of the metapodal platelet (Figs 2, 8, 9), parapodal element bearing gland pore gv2, peritrematal shield with three poroids (id3, id7, ip) and two gland pores (gd3, gdp) (Figs 2, 9, 11); peritreme short, reaching mid-level of coxae II (Figs 2, 11). Gnathosoma (Figs 4–6, 12–15). Epistome subtriangular, with slightly and irregularly denticulate (Figs 4, 12). Hypostomal groove with six transverse rows of denticles, each row with 3–5 relatively large denticles, with smooth transverse ridges anteriorly and posteriorly, groove progressively narrowing from anterior to posterior ends. Hypostomal and capitular setae smooth, h3 (51–55)> h1 (42–46)> pc (30–34)> h2 (27–30) (Figs 3, 14). Corniculi robust and horn-like, extending slightly moderately palp trochanter. Supralabral process with a narrow and undivided apically (Fig. 5). Internal malae with two pairs of long projections, slightly longer than corniculi (median projections heavily fringed in basal third, lateral projections lightly fringed), lateral projections slightly shorter than median ones; labrum acuminate, slightly longer than internal malae (Fig. 3). Chaetotaxy of palps normal (Fig. 13): trochanter 2, femur 5, genu 6, tibia 14, tarsus 15, all setae smooth and needle-like except al1 and al2 on palp genu and al on palp femur slightly thickened and blunt apically, palp tarsal claw three-tined, third (proximal) tine smaller (Fig. 13). Fixed digit of chelicera with an offset subapical tooth (gabelzahn), followed by three mid-sized teeth and setiform pilus dentilis; dorsal cheliceral setae simple, arthrodial membrane with a rounded flap and normal filaments; cheliceral lyrifissures distinct; movable digit with two similarly sized teeth (Figs 6, 15). Legs (Figs 18–21). Legs II (479–502) and III (459–485) short, I (636–652) and IV (640–644) longer. Setation of leg segments I–IV: coxae 2-2-2-1; trochanters 6-5-5-5; femora 13-11-6-6, genua 13-11-9-9, tibiae 13-10-8-10. Chaetotaxy normal for free-living Laelapidae: Leg I (Fig. 18): coxa 0-0/1, 0/1-0, trochanter 1-0/1, 1/2-1 (al thickened), femur 2-2/1, 3/3-2 (ad2, pd2, pd3 slightly thickened), genu 2-3/2, 3/1-2, tibia 2-3/2, 3/1-2. Leg II (Fig. 19): coxa 0-0/1, 0/1-0, trochanter 1-0/2, 0/1-1(al thickened), femur 2-3/1, 2/2-1, genu 2-3/1, 2/1-2 (ad3 & pd2 slightly thickened), tibia 2-2/1, 2/1-2. Leg III (Fig. 20): coxa 0-0/1, 0/1-0, trochanter 1-1/1, 0/1-1(ad longer than others on segment), femur 1-2/1, 1/0-1 (ad2, pd & pl thickened), genu 2-2/1, 2/1-1 (pd1 & pd2 thickened), tibia: 2-1/1, 2/1-1. Leg IV (Fig. 21): coxa 0-0/1, 0/0-0, trochanter 1-1/1, 0/1-1 (ad longer than others on segment), femur 1-2/1, 1/0-1, genu 2-2/1, 3/0-1 (av thickened), tibia 2-1/1, 3/1-2. Tarsi II-IV with 18 setae (3– 3/2, 3/2–3 + mv, md); with thickened some ventral and lateral setae, see Figures 19–21. All pretarsi with well-developed paired claws, rounded pulvilli, paradactyli on pretarsi II–IV elongate, tips projecting well beyond the claws (see Figs 16 & 19–21). Insemination structures (Fig. 17). Sperm access system similar to that seen in the venetus species group (see Beaulieu et al., 2019), tubuli annulati well sclerotised, proximal ends swollen, rounded and sacculus indistinct. Description. Male (n=1). (Figs 22–25). Dorsal idiosoma. Dorsal shield 590 long, 458 wide, covering all dorsal idiosoma, oval-shaped, dome-like. Poroidotaxy, adenotaxy, chaetotaxy and ornamentation essentially as in female. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 22). Similar to female except the following: holoventral shield 468 long, 119 wide at level of st2, 311 wide at level of Zv1, strongly reticulate-punctate throughout; shield bearing ten pairs of simple and slender setae (st1–5, Jv1–3, Zv1–2) in addition to circum-anal setae. Exopodal, parapodal and metapodal elements merged with holoventral shield; peritrematal shield free. Gnathosoma. As female, except internal malae with median projections more fimbriate than in female and without the pair of lateral projections, (see Fig. 24); deutosternal rows each with 3–7 denticles; fixed digit of chelicera with three teeth, most distal tooth small; movable digit of chelicera with one mid-sized tooth, spermatodactyl with a sinuous duct, and a subapical hump, 0.78 × as long as movable digit, fringed hyaline arthrodial process at base of movable digit (Fig. 23). Legs. Chaetotaxy and setae thickness as in female except tarsus II bearing a short, spur-like ventral seta (pv2) (see Fig. 25). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the name of the region (Altai Mountains) in which the type locality occurs. Differential diagnosis. According to Bregetova & Koroleva (1964), Evans & Till (1966) and Beaulieu et al. (2019), Ololaelaps altaiensis belongs to the venetus species group, due to the fused peritrematal-hologastric-parapodal shields by way of the metapodal platelet (as connecting bridge, see Beaulieu et al., 2019), spermathecal ducts (= tubuli annulati, see Evans, 1992) well-sclerotised and conspicuous, spermatodactyl with a sinuous duct and a subapical hump, dorsal shield with narrow, smooth epipleura (i.e. not reticulate, but micropunctate), setae Jv3 & Zv2 off the hologastric shield (variable character state among this species group). These character states are shared with O. venetus Berlese, 1903, O. placidus Banks, 1895 and O. sellnicki Bregetova & Koroleva, 1964 but O. altaiensis can be easily distinguished from those three species by the following diagnostic character states: (1) peritremes short, reaching to mid-level of coxae II (vs. peritremes long, usually reaching anteriorly level of coxa I (sometimes slightly less) in O. venetus, O. placidus and O. sellnicki); (2) dorsal shield with 38 pairs of setae, z3 absent (vs. dorsal shield with 39 pairs of setae in O. venetus, O. placidus and 37 pairs of setae (both z1 and z3 absent) in O. sellnicki); (3) sternal seta st4 and poroid iv3 inserted on soft cuticle (vs. st4 on sternal shield in O. O. venetus, O. placidus and O. sellnicki); (4) hypostomal groove bearing 3–5 relatively large denticles in each row (vs. hypostomal denticles are small in O. venetus, O. placidus and O. sellnicki). Ololaelaps platensis Berlese sensu Ryke (1962) is similar to O. altaiensis in having short peritremes (although more or less reaching coxae I), but in O. platensis, the hologastric shield is free of the parapodal and peritrematal plates. Additional potential distinction for O. altaiensis is the pretarsal paradactyli on legs II–IV are elongated, with their tips projecting well beyond the claws., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Stanyukovich, Maria K., Asyamova, Olga S., Döker, Ismail & Tolstikov, Andrei V., 2022, Review of some mites of the genus Ololaelaps Berlese (Acari, Laelapidae) in Russia with description of a new species, pp. 464-480 in Zootaxa 5138 (4) on pages 465-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6571746, {"references":["Beaulieu, F., Quintero-Gutierrez, E. J., Sandmann, J., Klarner, B., Widyastuti, R., Combita-Heredia, O. & Scheu, S. (2019) Review of the mite genus Ololaelaps (Acari, Laelapidae) and redescription of O. formidabilis Berlese. ZooKeys, 853, 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 853.29407","Bregetova, N. G. & Koroleva, E. V. (1964) Mites of the genus Ololaelaps Berlese, 1964 (Acarina: Laelaptidae). Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 22, 61 - 87. [in Russian]","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 14, 107 - 370.","Berlese, A. (1903) Acari nuovi. Manipulus I. Redia, 25, 697 - 700.","Banks, N. (1895) Some acarians from a sphagnum swap. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 3, 128 - 130.","Ryke, P. A. J. (1962) The genus Ololaelaps Berlese (Acarina: Laelaptidae). Revista de Biologia, 3, 124 - 130."]}

Cosmolaelaps rectangularis Sheals Cosmolaelaps rectangularis Sheals, 1962: 107. Hypoaspis rectangularis. — Costa, 1968: 18. Hypoaspis (Cosmolaelaps) rectangularis.— Karg, 1978: 9; Karg, 1979: 72; Karg, 1981: 217; Karg, 1988: 514; Karg, 2006: 151; Faraji et al., 2008: 207. Cosmolaelaps rectangularis.— Moreira et al., 2014: 320. Specimens examined. Four females, vicinity of Uspenka, Tyumen Province, Russia, 57°04'N, 65°04'E, 20 May, 2020, O. Joharchi coll., in the nest of Myrmica sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Remarks. Sheals (1962) described Cosmolaelaps rectangularis as a new species from Patagonia, Argentina, on the basis of one female specimen collected on an unspecified substrate. Subsequently, Costa (1968) redescribed the species based on female specimens and described the male of this species for the first time from Israel. This species has been recorded from North America, Europe and Asia from soil-litter or ant nests and is now recorded in Russia for the first time, from a nest of Myrmica sp.. Our newly collected material agrees very well with the redescription given by Costa (1968). This species can be readily recognised by the 39 pairs of spatulate-mucronate-tricarinate dorsal setae., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Döker, Ismail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2022, New species and new records of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Russia, with a review of the Russian species of the genus, pp. 486-508 in Zootaxa 5133 (4) on page 501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6530956, {"references":["Sheals, J. G. (1962) Mesostigmata: Gamasida (Acari). Biologie de L'Amerique Australe, 1, 83 - 110.","Costa, M. (1968) Little known and new litter-inhabiting Laelapine mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 17, 1 - 30.","Karg, W. (1978) Zur Kenntnis der Milbengattungen Hypoaspis, Androlaelaps und Reticulolaelaps (Acarina, Parasitiformes, Dermanyssidae). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 105, 1 - 32.","Karg, W. (1979) Die Gattung Hypoaspis Canestrini, 1884 (Acarina, Parasitiformes). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 106, 65 - 104.","Karg, W. (1981) Die Untergattung Cosmolaelaps Berlese, 1903 der Raubmilbengattung Hypoaspis Canestrini, 1884. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 57, 213 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19810570203","Karg, W. (1988) Die Arten der Raubmilbengattung Cosmolaelaps Berlese, 1903 (Gattung Hypoaspis Canestrini, 1884, Acarina, Parasitiformes). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 115, 509 - 525.","Karg, W. (2006) The systematics of Parasitiformes, especially of Gamasina leach (Acarina), with new species from Ecuador. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 82, 140 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 200600002","Faraji, F., Abedi, L. & Ostovan, H. (2008) A new species of Hypoaspis Canestrini from Iran with a key to the Iranian species of Hypoaspis (Acari, Gamasina, Hypoaspididae). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 84, 205 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800005","Moreira, G. F., Klompen, H. & de Moraes, G. J. (2014) Redefinition of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) and description of five new species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3764 (3), 317 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3764.3.4"]}

Cosmolaelaps lutegiensis (Shcherbak) Hypoaspis lutegiensis Shcherbak, 1971a: 76. Cosmolaelaps lutegiensis.— Moreira et al. 2014: 319; Ramroodi et al. 2014: 542; Joharchi & Trach 2019: 486; Joharchi et al. 2020a: 479. Specimens examined. Five females, near the Moinakskoye Lake, Yevpatoria, Western Crimea, Russia, 45°11'31.0"N 33°19'59.0"E, 13 June 2021, O. Joharchi coll., from soil (in TSUMZ). Remarks. Cosmolaelaps lutegiensis was described from Kiev, Ukraine (Shcherbak, 1971a). It has been found from soil-litter of a pine forest and is now recorded from Russia for the first time, from the soil. Our newly collected material agrees very well with the description given by Shcherbak (1971a). Ramroodi et al. (2014), Joharchi & Trach (2019), and Joharchi et al. (2020a) have reported the species from Iran, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, respectively. They stated inaccurately that the dorsal shield has 38 pairs of lancet-like setae, but there are 39 pairs (including two pairs of Zx setae between J and Z setae, and three unpaired setae Jx between J3 and J5) as stated in the original description (see Shcherbak, 1971a). Bregetova (1977) suspected Cosmolaelaps lutegiensis maybe a junior synonym of H. helianthi Samšiňák, 1958. We have not had the opportunity to examine the type specimens of H. helianthi in order to confirm that synonymy, but by comparing the descriptions and figures of these two species, we found some distinguishing morphological differences: (1) sternal seta st1 is off the sternal shield in H. helianthi (see Figure 4- 1 in Samšiňák, 1958), while in C. lutegiensis it is obviously on the shield (see Fig. 21 in Joharchi et al., 2020a); (2) dorsal setae smooth and mostly do not reach to base of next setae in series (see Figure 5- 1 in Samšiňák, 1958), while in C. lutegiensis all setae have a small basal protuberance and are mostly long enough to reach base of next setae in series (see Figures 20, 22 in Joharchi et al., 2020a); (3) sternal shield with reticulate ornamentation throughout H. helianthi (see Figure 4- 1 in Samšiňák, 1958), while in C. lutegiensis shield smooth almost throughout, except a longitudinally lateral part between iv1 and st3 faintly reticulated with curved lines (see Fig. 21 in Joharchi et al., 2020a). Therefore, we believe these are two distinct species., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Döker, Ismail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2022, New species and new records of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Russia, with a review of the Russian species of the genus, pp. 486-508 in Zootaxa 5133 (4) on page 501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6530956, {"references":["Shcherbak, G. I. (1971 a) New species of gamasid from the genus Hypoaspis Canestrini (Acarina, Gamasoidea). Vestnik Zoologii, 5, 76 - 79. [in Russian]","Moreira, G. F., Klompen, H. & de Moraes, G. J. (2014) Redefinition of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) and description of five new species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3764 (3), 317 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3764.3.4","Ramroodi, S., Hajizadeh, J. & Joharchi, O. (2014) Two new species of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Iran. Zootaxa, 3847 (4), 533 - 544. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3847.4.3","Joharchi, O & Trach, V. A. (2019) A new species of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Ukraine. Zootaxa, 4647 (1), 486 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4647.1.30","Joharchi, O., Issakova, A. K., Asyamova, O. S., Abbasi-Sarcheshmeh, M. & Tolstikov, A. V. (2020 a) Some soil-inhabiting mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Kazakhstan, with description of a new species of Gaeolaelaps Evans & Till (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa, 4819 (3), 473 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4819.3.3","Bregetova, N. G. (1977) Family Laelaptidae Berlese, 1892. In: Ghilyarov, M. S. & Bregetova, N. G. (Eds.) Key to the Soil Inhabiting Mites. Mesostigmata. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 483 - 554. [in Russian]","Samsinak, K. (1958) Roztoci ze slunecnicovych semen (Acari). Ceskoslovenska Parasitologie, 5, 185 - 198. [in Czech]"]}

Cosmolaelaps lasiophilus Joharchi sp. nov. (Figures 8–24) Type material. Holotype, female, vicinities of Uspenka, Tyumen Province, Russia, 57°04'N, 65°04'E, 18 October 2021, Alexander A. Khaustov coll., in the nest of Lasius niger (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (in TUMZ). Paratypes: five females, same data as holotype (in TUMZ). Diagnosis (adult female). Dorsal shield with weak reticulate ornamentation, bearing 39 pairs of relatively long (sub-equal), knife-shaped setae, mostly reaching base of next posterior setae in series, Z5 shorter than J5 (ratio of J5 / Z5 length ≃1.5); presternal area lightly sclerotised, anterior margin of shield hardly conspicuous, posterior margin distinctly concave, ratio of shield length/width (at broadest level) ≃ 0.8; genital shield ratio of length/ width (at broadest level) ≃ 2.4, shield ornamented posteromedially by 7–8 cells flanked by a median Λ-shaped ornamentation, anal shield ratio of length/width (at broadest level) ≃ 1.2, circum-anal setae smooth and subequal, post-anal seta thickened; distance between genital and anal shields is shorter than length of anal shield. Fixed digit of chelicera with six teeth of various sizes. Legs without spatulate setae but most setae conspicuously thickened and some inserted on small tubercles. Legs I and IV shorter than length of idiosoma. Description. Female (n=6) Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 8, 13, 15, 16). Dorsal shield oval shaped, small, 389–406 long, 256–265 wide, covering entire dorsal idiosoma, shield with weak reticulation, more distinct in opisthonotal and lateral regions. Shield with 39 pairs of almost uniform length setae (28–40), including two pairs of Zx setae between J and Z setae and three unpaired supernumerary seta Jx between J2 and J4, except j1, Z5 (14–18) simple and thickened, j1 apically bent (hook shaped), z1 (15–18) and J5 (21–24) shorter (Figs 15, 16). All setae slightly swollen near the base and pointed at tip (knife-shaped), reaching base of following setae, setae of central area shorter (not reaching base of following setae) (Figs 8, 13, 15, 16). Dorsal shield with 22 pairs of pore-like structures, including seven pairs of gland openings (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 15 pairs of poroids, id6 indistinct. Shape, position and relative length and shape of setae shown in Figures 8, 13. Ventral idiosoma (Figs 9, 14, 17). Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae (64–68), fused basally (3–5), columnar base 23–27 × 12–15 wide; presternal area lightly sclerotised, with a few transverse curved lines, merged to sternal shield. Sternal shield (length 92–96) narrowest between coxae II (74–80), widest (114–118), anterior margin of shield hardly conspicuous, posterior margin distinctly concave, anterolateral corners narrowly extending between coxae I–II, distally bearing gland pores gvb; endopodal elements between coxae II and III fused with shield and endopodal elements III/IV elongate, narrow and curved. Sternal shield with three pairs of smooth setae (st1 31–33, st2 28–30, st3 24–27) and two pairs of slit-shaped pore-like structures (iv1 adjacent to setae st1; iv2 between st2 and st3), setae not reaching base of following setae, shield with lineate-reticulate ornamentation on lateral surface, longitudinally median part smooth (or faintly reticulated) (Figs 9, 14). Metasternal setae st4 (24–27) and metasternal poroids located on soft integument; metasternal platelets absent. Genital shield flask-shaped, slightly expanded laterally past level of setae st5, length 165–180, maximum width 71–75, posterior margin rounded, anterior hyaline margin of shield irregularly convex, overlapping posterior area of sternal shield (extending beyond base of setae st3), shield ornamented posteromedially by 7–8 cells flanked by a median Λ-shaped ornamentation, bearing a pair of simple setae st5 (22–24) (Figs 9, 14). Shield flanked by two pairs of minute, elongate paragenital platelets; paragenital poroids iv5 located on soft cuticle lateral to shield near seta st5. Anal shield subtriangular, rounded anteriorly, length 65–70, width 52–55, anterior half lineate-reticulate, para-anal setae and post-anal seta subequal in length (15–18), post-anal seta thicker, cribrum consisting of a terminal tuft with 3–4 irregular rows of spicules, anteriormost rows of spicules extending slightly beyond post-anal seta (Figs 9, 14, 17); anal gland pores (gv3) on anterolateral margin of anal shield. Soft opisthogastric cuticle surrounding genital and anal shields with one pair of suboval metapodal plates (17–19 long × 4–6 wide), six pairs of poroids (five ivo; ivp) and 16 pairs of moderately thick setae (Jv1–Jv5, Zv1– Zv 5, R1–R4, UR2–UR3); almost all setae uniform in length (11–16), and arising on small sclerotised platelet, except Jv1–3 and Zv1 longer (20–24) and setiform (Figs 9, 14, 17). Peritrematal shield well developed laterad peritremes, bearing one gland pore and one poroid at level near coxae II–III, post-stigmatic extension of shield relatively wide, not reaching posterior level of coxae IV, with two pairs of poroids and one pair of gland pores; anterior region of peritrematal shield fused to anterior margin of dorsal shield behind setae z1. Peritremes long, extending to mid-level of coxa I (near s1). Two exopodal platelets between coxae II–III and III–IV present, anterior platelet small and subtriangular, those between coxae III–IV slightly extending posteriorly; parapodal platelets strip-like, bearing gland pore gv2 (Figs 9, 14). Gnathosoma (Figs 10–12, 18, 19). Anterior margin of epistome convex, irregularly denticulate, with smooth median spike (Fig. 11). Hypostomal groove with six transverse rows of denticles, each row with 8–19 small denticles, with smooth posterior transverse line, groove wider anteriorly, progressively narrowing from anterior to posterior, anteriormost row slightly convex (Figs 10, 18). Corniculi horn-like, internal malae longer than corniculi, comprising a pair of pilose median projections, and 7–9 lateral, longer, tentacle-like, smooth projections (Fig. 10); labrum acuminate, considerably longer than internal malae, fringed; hypostomal and capitular setae smooth, h3 (34–40)> h1 (28–31)> pc (21–25)> h2 (11–14) (Figs 10, 18). Chaetotaxy of palps: trochanter 2, femur 5, genu 6, tibia 14, tarsus 15, all setae smooth except palpfemur with seta d3 thickened and inserted on small tubercles, seta al thickened and apically subspatulate; palpgenu with al1 stout, al2 paddle-like; palp tarsal claw two-tined (Fig. 19). Supralabral process indistinct. Fixed digit of chelicera with an offset and subapical tooth (gabelzhan), followed by five teeth, a setaceous pilus dentilis, dorsal cheliceral seta prostrate, arthrodial membrane with a rounded flap and normal filaments; cheliceral lyrifissures distinct, movable digit of chelicera bidentate (Fig. 12). Insemination structures (Fig. 20). Laelapid-type sperm access system, tubulus long, wider at the solenostome level of coxa III and entering sacculus via a pair of circular openings. Sacculus irregular, the proximal ends of the tubulus slightly swollen at the junction with ramus, ends of ramus with considerably horn-like projection. Legs (Figs 21–24). Legs II and III short (260–278, 240–255), I and IV longer (365–385, 347–364) (excluding pre-tarsus). Chaetotaxy normal for free-living Laelapidae (sensu Evans, 1963a): Leg I (Fig. 21): coxa 0-0/1, 0/1-0, trochanter 1-1/1, 0/2-1 (al and ad thickened), femur 2-3/1, 2/3-2 (al1, ad3 and pd2 thickened), genu 2-3/2, 3/1- 2 (dorsals and laterals thickened and ad1–3 inserted on small tubercles), tibia 2-3/2, 3/1-2 (dorsals and laterals thickened). Leg II (Fig. 22): coxa 0-0/1, 0/1-0, trochanter 1-0/1, 0/2-1 (al slightly thickened), femur 2-3/1, 2/2-1 (ad1, pd1 and pd2 thickened and inserted on small tubercles, pd2 longest), genu 2-3/1, 2/1-2 (dorsals thickened and inserted on small tubercles), tibia 2-2/1, 2/1-2. Leg III (Fig. 23): coxa 0-0/1, 0/1-0, trochanter 1-1/1, 0/2-0 (ad slightly thickened), femur 1-2/1, 1/0-1 (ad1, pd and pl thickened, ad1 inserted on small tubercle), genu 2-2/1, 2/1-1 (all setae on segment slightly thickened), tibia: 2-1/1, 2/1-1 (all setae on segment slightly thickened). Leg IV (Fig. 24): coxa 0-0/1, 0/0-0, trochanter 1-1/1, 0/2-0 (ad thickened), femur 1-2/1, 1/0-1 (ad1 and ad2 thickened and inserted on small tubercles), genu 2-2/1, 3/0-1 (dorsals thickened), tibia 2-1/1, 3/1-2 (dorsals and laterals thickened, al2 inserted on small tubercle). Tarsi II–IV with 18 setae (3- 3/2, 3/2-3 + mv, md); almost all setae on tarsus II–IV thickened, see Figures 22–24. All pretarsi with well-developed paired claws, rounded pulvilli and normal ambulacral stalk. Male. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name of the new species is derived from its occurrence in nests of ants of the genus Lasius and Greek ΦΙΛία (philia), meaning "friendship" or "fondness". Differential diagnosis. Cosmolaelaps lasiophilus is closely related to Cosmolaelaps vacua (Michael, 1891) sensu Evans & Till (1966), C. thysanifer Zeman, 1982, C. transvaalensis Ryke, 1963, C. robustus (Berlese, 1905), C. siberiensis Joharchi 2019 (in Joharchi et al., 2019), C. mixta (Shcherbak, 1971b), C. pumili (Karg, 1988), C. lingua (Karg, 1987), C. sungaris (Ma, 1996) and C. shenyangensis (Bei et al., 2003) in the shape of dorsal setae, which are slightly swollen near the base and pointed at tip (knife-shaped) (see Figure 8), with all dorsal setae of the same shape and sub-equal in length (at most reaching base of following setae), except setae j1 and Z5. Cosmolaelaps lasiophilus differs from C. vacua by lacking spatulate setae on legs, most setae on legs conspicuously thickened and some inserted on small tubercles, while in C. vacua two spatulate setae are present on femora II and IV. Evans & Till (1966) did not provide any information about the shape of the leg setae for C. vacua, but according to the original description (Michael, 1891) of Cosmolaelaps vacua, femora II and IV bear two spatulate setae (Karg, 1981, Fig. 8a, also illustrated this character). It differs from C. thysanifer by setae Z5 and some opisthogastric setae thickened, versus setae Z5 brush-like and all opisthogastric setae simple and setiform in C. thysanifer. It differs from C. sungaris and C. shenyangensis by its much smaller size of body (389–406 long, 256–265wide), versus body size much larger in both of C. sungaris and C. shenyangensis (566 long × 383 wide in C. sungaris, and 567 long × 413 wide in shenyangensis) and also differs from C. sungaris by its longer dorsal shield setae (reaching base of following setae), versus dorsal shield setae much shorter in C. sungaris (barely reaching more than half of distance of following setae in series). Cosmolaelaps lasiophilus can be readily distinguished from C. transvaalensis by some opisthogastric setae thickened and most setae on legs conspicuously thickened (some inserted on small tubercles), versus setae on both opisthogastric cuticle and legs simple in C. transvaalensis (see Ryke, 1963). It differs from C. pumili because setae Z5 are thickened, shorter than J5 and legs I, IV are shorter than length of idiosoma, while in C. pumili setae Z5 setiform, longer than J5 and legs I, IV longer than length of idiosoma. C. lasiophilus can be easily distinguished from C. robustus by the smaller size of the genital shield (there are two pairs of setae between genital and anal shields) and presternal area lightly sclerotised (with a few transverse curved lines and merged to the sternal shield), while genital shield expanded posteriorly in C. robustus, setae Zv1 and Jv1 inserted on lateral margins of shield (in addition of st5) and two triangular presternal plates present in C. robustus. Cosmolaelaps lasiophilus can be distinguished from C. lingua by its small body size (389–406 long, 256–265 wide), thick and short opisthogastric setae and presternal area lightly sclerotised (anterior margin of sternal shield hardly conspicuous), versus body larger (480–500 long, 300–330 wide), opisthogastric setae simple (setiform) and long, sclerotised platelets absent and presternal plates joined to sternal shield in C. lingua. Cosmolaelaps lasiophilus is most similar to C. siberiensis and C. mixta, but can be readily distinguished from these two species by its longer dorsal setae, some of them reach to the base of next setae, while in both C. siberiensis and C. mixta dorsal shield setae considerably shorter and none of them reach base of next. Overall C. lasiophilus can be easily distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal shield bearing 39 pairs of relatively long setae (some reach base of next posterior setae in series), j1, z1 and Z5 simple, Z5 shorter than J5 (ratio of J5/ Z5 length ≃ 1.5); (2) post-anal seta thickened; (3) almost all opisthogastric setae thickened and arising on minute sclerotised platelet; (4) fixed digit of chelicera with six various size of teeth; (5) legs without spatulate setae but most setae conspicuously thickened and some inserted on small tubercles., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Döker, Ismail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2022, New species and new records of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Russia, with a review of the Russian species of the genus, pp. 486-508 in Zootaxa 5133 (4) on pages 489-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6530956, {"references":["Evans, G. O. (1963 a) Observations on the chaetotaxy of the legs in the free-living Gamasina (Acari: Mesostigmata). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 10 (5), 275 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 20528","Michael, A. D. (1891) On the association of gamasids with ants. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 4, 638 - 654.","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370.","Zeman, P. (1982) Two new species of Hypoaspidinae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanysside) associated with ants. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke, 46, 231 - 237.","Ryke, P. A. J. (1963) Some free-living Hypoaspidinae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from South Africa. Revista de Biologia, 5, 1 - 15.","Berlese, A. (1905) Acari nuovi. Manipulus IV. Redia, 2, 154 - 176.","Joharchi, O & Trach, V. A. (2019) A new species of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Ukraine. Zootaxa, 4647 (1), 486 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4647.1.30","Shcherbak, G. I. (1971 b) Species of Gamasoidea mites from the genus Hypoaspis Can. (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea) new for the USSR fauna. Collection of papers from the Zoological Museum of the Institute of Zoology of SSR Ukraine Academy of Sciences, 34, 20 - 30. [in Ukrainian]","Karg, W. (1988) Die Arten der Raubmilbengattung Cosmolaelaps Berlese, 1903 (Gattung Hypoaspis Canestrini, 1884, Acarina, Parasitiformes). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 115, 509 - 525.","Karg, W. (1987) Neue Raubmilbenarten der Gattung Hypoaspis Can. 1884 (Acari: Parasitiformes). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 114, 289 - 302.","Ma, L. - M. (1996) Three new species of the genus Hypoaspis from Jilin Province, China (Acari: Laelapidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21, 48 - 54. [in Chinese]","Bei, N. - X., Shi, C. - M. & Yin, S. - G. (2003) A new species of the genus Hypoaspis from China (Acari, Laelapidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 28, 648 - 650. [in Chinese]","Karg, W. (1981) Die Untergattung Cosmolaelaps Berlese, 1903 der Raubmilbengattung Hypoaspis Canestrini, 1884. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 57, 213 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19810570203"]}

Key to species of Cosmolaelaps occurring in the Russia 1. Dorsal setae spatulate with a small basal protuberance........................................................ 2 – Dorsal setae in other forms (e.g., cuneiform, lancet, knife or scimitar-like)........................................ 3 2. Anal shield nearly rounded (semi-circular anterior margin), wider than long, anus small, length of anal shield exceeding length of anal opening by 6 or more times.............. Cosmolaelaps claviger (Berlese, 1883) [= C. bregetovae Pirianyk, 1959] – Anal shield nearly subtriangular, as long as wide, anus normal, length of anal shield exceeding length of anal opening by 3-4 times........................................................................ C. rectangularis Sheals, 1962 3. Dorsal setae cuneiform................................................................................ 4 – Dorsal setae lancet, knife or scimitar-like.................................................................. 5 4. Post-anal seta spatulate..................................................... C. neocuneifer (Evans & Till, 1966) – Post-anal seta simple............................................................ C. cuneifer (Michael, 1891) 5. Dorsal setae slender, lancet-like, with small basal protuberance................................................ 6 – Dorsal setae relatively expanded, knife or scimitar-like, with conspicuous basal protuberance......................... 9 6. Movable digit with normal two teeth...................................................................... 7 – Two teeth of movable digit separated by a row of smaller teeth....................................................... C. gryllotalpae (Berlese, 1910) [= H. elongatus, C. acutiscutus, C. subacutiscutus, C. mirificus and C. angustiscutatus] 7. Dorsal shield with 37 pairs of setae (z3 and s1 absent)..................................... C. acuta (Michael, 1891) – Dorsal shield with 39–40 pairs of setae.................................................................... 8 8. Dorsal shield with 39 pairs of setae (including two pairs of Zx setae)................... C. lutegiensis (Shcherbak, 1971a) – Dorsal shield with 40 pairs of setae (including three pairs of Zx setae)................... C. markewitschi (Pirianyk, 1959) 9. Dorsal shield with very long setae, almost all setae reaching well past base of following setae (scimitar-like)............ 10 – Dorsal shield setae shorter, at most reaching base of following setae (knife-like)................................... 12 10. Dorsal shield setae Z5 longer than J5............................................................... C. sejongi – Dorsal shield setae Z5 shorter than J5 (ratio of J5 / Z5 ≈ 1.5)................................................... 11 11. Post-anal seta well thickened, sparsely barbed and apically hook shaped, sternal setae long, extending beyond base of following setae......................................................................... C. latisetis Joharchi sp. nov. – Post-anal seta slightly thickened, simple, sternal setae short, at most reaching base of following setae................................................................................................ C. chianensis [= C. hefeiensis] 12. Femur IV with spatulate setae........................................................................... 13 – Femur IV without spatulate setae........................................................................ 15 13. Presternal area with two triangular plates and obviously separated from sternal shield.......... C. robustus (Berlese, 1905) – Presternal area lightly sclerotised, with a few transverse curved lines and merged to sternal shield, without distinct plates.. 14 14. Dorsal setae relatively short and thin, mostly not reach to base of next setae in series, femora II and IV with spatulate setae..................................... C. vacua (Michael, 1891) [= H. militiformis Oudemans and H. (C.) serratosimilis] – Dorsal setae much thicker, mostly long enough to reach base of next setae in series, femora II–IV with spatulate setae............................................................................... C. dendrophilus Davydova, 1977 15. Dorsal setae long enough to reach base of following setae, opisthogastric setae arising on small sclerotised platelets and moderately thick, distance between genital and anal shields is shorter than length of anal shield, anal shield longer than wide.................................................................................................. 16 – Dorsal setae barely reaching more than half of distance of following setae in series, opisthogastric setae thin and without any such small sclerotised platelets, distance between genital and anal shields is about 1.5 times the length of anal shield, anal shield wider than long........................................................ Cosmolaelaps mixta (Shcherbak, 1971b) 16. Genital shield tapering posteriorly, anterior margin of sternal shield with a median notch, fixed digit of chelicera with three teeth.............................................................................. C. siberiensis Joharchi, 2019 – Genital shield rounded posteriorly, anterior margin of sternal shield hardly conspicuous, fixed digit of chelicera with six various size of teeth................................................................. C. lasiophilus Joharchi sp. nov., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Döker, Ismail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2022, New species and new records of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Russia, with a review of the Russian species of the genus, pp. 486-508 in Zootaxa 5133 (4) on pages 504-505, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6530956, {"references":["Berlese, A. (1883) s. n. Acari, Myriapoda et Scorpiones Hucusque in Italia Reperta, 4, 2. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 69269","Pirianyk, G. I. (1959) New species of gamasid mites (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea). Pratsi Instytut Zoologii Kiev, 15, 97 - 105. [in Ukrainian]","Sheals, J. G. (1962) Mesostigmata: Gamasida (Acari). Biologie de L'Amerique Australe, 1, 83 - 110.","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370.","Michael, A. D. (1891) On the association of gamasids with ants. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 4, 638 - 654.","Berlese, A. (1910) Lista di nuove specie e nuovi generi di Acari. Redia, 6, 242 - 271.","Shcherbak, G. I. (1971 a) New species of gamasid from the genus Hypoaspis Canestrini (Acarina, Gamasoidea). Vestnik Zoologii, 5, 76 - 79. [in Russian]","Berlese, A. (1905) Acari nuovi. Manipulus IV. Redia, 2, 154 - 176.","Davydova, M. S. (1977) New and a little-known species of free-living gamasid mites (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea). In: Cherepanov, A. I. (Ed.), Taxa of the Siberian Fauna, Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 23 - 29. [in Russian]","Shcherbak, G. I. (1971 b) Species of Gamasoidea mites from the genus Hypoaspis Can. (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea) new for the USSR fauna. Collection of papers from the Zoological Museum of the Institute of Zoology of SSR Ukraine Academy of Sciences, 34, 20 - 30. [in Ukrainian]","Joharchi, O & Trach, V. A. (2019) A new species of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Ukraine. Zootaxa, 4647 (1), 486 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4647.1.30"]}

Cosmolaelaps sejongi Keum, Jung and Joharchi Cosmolaelaps sejongi Keum, Jung and Joharchi, 2017: 487. (Figures 45–49) Specimens examined. Six females, Sakhalin Island, Russia, 46°44'06"N 142°12'17.5"E, 11 August 2021, O. Joharchi coll., in the nest of Lasius umbratus (Nylander) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (in TUMZ). Remarks. Cosmolaelaps sejongi was described from Republic of Korea (Keum et al., 2017). It has been found from soil around roots of an oak tree (Keum et al., 2017), and is now recorded in Russia for the first time, in the nest of L. umbratus. Our specimens agree well with the description given by Keum et al. (2017). The species is easily recognised by the distinctive shape of the post-anal seta (thickened, sparsely barbed and apically hook shaped), which is inserted on a small tubercle (Figs 46, 49); dorsal shield setae thick and long, most setae long enough to reach well past the base of next posterior seta, and Z5 sparsely barbed, longer and thicker than J5 (Figs 45, 47); sternal setae short, not reaching base of following setae (Figs 46, 48); soft opisthogastric cuticle bearing 16 pairs setae, Jv5 well thickened, apically hook shaped and subequal in length with post-anal seta (Figs 46, 49)., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Döker, Ismail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2022, New species and new records of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Russia, with a review of the Russian species of the genus, pp. 486-508 in Zootaxa 5133 (4) on pages 501-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6530956, {"references":["Keum, E., Jung, C. & Joharchi, O. (2017) New species and new records of the family Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Republic of Korea. Zootaxa, 4353 (3), 485 - 505. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4353.3.5"]}

Cosmolaelaps chianensis (Gu) (Figures 1–7) Hypoaspis chianensis Gu, 1990: 441. Hypoaspis (Cosmolaelaps) hefeiensis Xu & Liang, 1996: 193 (junior synonymy by Ma, 2006: 23; Bai & Ma, 2012: 558). Hypoaspis (Cosmolaelaps) hefeiensis.— Bei et al., 2003: 648. Hypoaspis chianensis.— Ren & Guo, 2008: 329. Cosmolaelaps chianensis.— Moreira et al., 2014: 319; Keum et al., 2017: 486. Specimens examined.Ten females and five males, National forest, Sakhalin Island, Russia, 46°57'39"N 142°45'28"E, 9 August 2021, O. Joharchi coll., in the nest of Myrmica sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (in TUMZ). Remarks. Cosmolaelaps chianensis was described from China (Gu, 1990). It has been found associated with Mus pahari Thomas (Rodentia: Muridae). The description of this species is brief and both the description and illustrations lack many important details. Ma (2006) considered that Cosmolaelaps hefeiensis is a junior synonym of C. chianensis. However, Ma (2006) did not provide any explanation for this decision, nor did he provide the details of the examined specimens. Cosmolaelaps hefeiensis was also described from China (Xu & Liang, 1996). It has been found from moss (Xu & Liang, 1996) and this species also has been recorded from soil in Republic of Korea (Keum et al., 2017) and Russia (Marchenko, 2017). By comparing the descriptions and figures of these two species, we found some distinguishing morphological differences: (1) dorsal shield setae J5 and Z5 more or less similar in length, and j1 considerably shorter than j 2 in C. hefeiensis (see Xu & Liang, 1996 and Fig. 1 of current study), while in C. chianensis setae Z5 are obviously longer than J5 and j1 is similar length to j2 (see Fig. 1 in Gu, 1990); (2) body size 395 long, 255 wide in C. chianensis (see Gu, 1990), while in C. hefeiensis size of body larger, especially its width (484–560 long, 345–391 wide) (see Xu & Liang, 1996). Our efforts to see type material of these two species were not successful so, in this study we follow Ma’s (2006) treatment and provisionally retain these two species as synonyms until further comparative studies clarify their relationship. Our concept of the species is based on that of Xu & Liang (1996) and the diagnosis given as follows is based primarily on specimens from Russia, but also in comparison with the original description of C. hefeiensis. Our specimens agree very well with the description given by Xu & Liang, 1996 for Cosmolaelaps hefeiensis. The species is easily recognised by the long and thick setae of the dorsal shield (most setae long enough to reach well past the base of next posterior seta) (Fig. 1), j1, z1, Z5 simple and without knob at their bases, j1 apically bent (hook shaped) and Z5 shorter than J5 (J5 ≈ 1.5 x Z5) (Fig. 1); sternal setae short, at most reaching base of next setae (Figs 2, 3), soft opisthogastric cuticle bearing 16 pairs setae, Jv4–5 and Zv4–5 thickened (Figs 2, 4), post-anal seta slightly thicker and longer than para-anal setae (Figs 2, 4), fixed digit of chelicera of female with six teeth, including three large proximal teeth (posterior to pilus dentilis) (Fig. 5), spatulate seta on legs absent, genu and tibia of leg I without conspicuously thickened seta (Figs 6, 7)., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Döker, Ismail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2022, New species and new records of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Russia, with a review of the Russian species of the genus, pp. 486-508 in Zootaxa 5133 (4) on pages 487-489, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6530956, {"references":["Gu, Y. - M. (1990) A new species of the genus Hypoaspis (Acari: Laelapidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 15, 441 - 443. [in Chinese]","Xu, X. & Liang, L. (1996) Four new species of the Hypoaspidinae (Acari: Laelapidae) from moss in China. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 1, 189 - 197. [in Chinese] https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 1.1.23","Ma, L. - M. (2006) New synonyms of gamasid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 15, 23 - 26. [in Chinese]","Bai, X. - L. & Ma, L. - M. (2012) A new species of the genus Hypoaspis from Ningxia, China with supplementary description of Hypoaspis subpictus Gu et Bai (Acari: Laelapidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 37, 555 - 558. [in Chinese]","Bei, N. - X., Shi, C. - M. & Yin, S. - G. (2003) A new species of the genus Hypoaspis from China (Acari, Laelapidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 28, 648 - 650. [in Chinese]","Ren, T. - G. & Guo, X. - G. (2008) Preliminary study on Laelapidae fauna in China (Acari: Gamasidna: Laelapidae). Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 19 (4), 326 - 332.","Moreira, G. F., Klompen, H. & de Moraes, G. J. (2014) Redefinition of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) and description of five new species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3764 (3), 317 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3764.3.4","Keum, E., Jung, C. & Joharchi, O. (2017) New species and new records of the family Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Republic of Korea. Zootaxa, 4353 (3), 485 - 505. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4353.3.5","Marchenko, I. I. (2017) Soil gamasid mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) of Sokhondinskii Nature Reserve, Zabaikalskii Krai, Russia. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 16, 151 - 157. [in Russian]"]}

Joharchi, Omid, Nemati, Alireza, Döker, İsmail, Khaustov, Vladimir A. (2022): Gaeolaelaps hajiqanbari sp. nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Western Siberia, Russia. Persian Journal of Acarology 11 (1): 11-22, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v11i1.72890

Genus Gaeolaelaps Evans & Till, 1966 Hypoaspis (Gaeolaelaps) Evans & Till 1966: 159. Type species: Laelaps aculeifer Canestrini, 1884, by original designation. Diagnosis The concept of Gaeolaelaps used here is based on that of Beaulieu (2009) with modifications by Kazemi et al. (2014)., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Nemati, Alireza, Döker, İsmail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2022, Gaeolaelaps hajiqanbari sp. nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Western Siberia, Russia, pp. 11-22 in Persian Journal of Acarology 11 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v11i1.72890, http://zenodo.org/record/7173449, {"references":["Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14: 107 - 370.","Canestrini, G. (1884) Prospetto dell'acarofauna Italiana. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Series 6), 2: 1563 - 1607.","Beaulieu, F. (2009) Review of the mite genus Gaeolaelaps Evans and Till (Acari: Laelapidae), and description of a new species from North America, G. gillespiei n. sp. Zootaxa, 2158: 33 - 49.","Kazemi, S., Rajaei, A. & Beaulieu, F. (2014) Two new species of Gaeolaelaps (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Iran, with a revised generic concept and notes on significant morphological characters in the genus. Zootaxa, 3861 (6): 501 - 530. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3861.6.1"]}

Genus Proctogastrolaelaps McGraw & Farrier, 1969 Proctogastrolaelaps McGraw & Farrier, 1969: 64. Proctogastrolaelaps.— Farrier & Hennessey, 1993: 42; Moraes et al., 2016: 203. Type species: Proctogastrolaelaps libris McGraw & Farrier, 1969, by original designation. Diagnosis (adult female) (modified after McGraw & Farrier (1969) and Moraes et al. (2016)). (1) dorsal shield with 42 pairs of setae to increased number of 44 pairs (R5 & R6 may be present), seta r3 is slightly longer than neighbouring setae, and Z5 longest on shield; (2) sternal shield with three pairs of setae of similar lengths (st1–st3), poroids iv1–2 slit-like, iv1 aligned transversely, iv2 oblique, poroids iv3 ovoid and together with st4 inserted on metasternal plates, (3) endopodal element between coxae I–II fused to sternal shield, bearing gland pore gvb, and fused anteriorly to exopodal strip that flanks coxae I–IV; endopodal platelets between coxae III–IV well-developed, partly overlapped by anterior margin of genital shield and obviously free from sternal shield; parapodal element behind coxae IV relatively thick and bearing gland pore gv2, fused to exopodals flanks coxae I–IV, (4) ventral shield somewhat trapezoid, bearing four pairs of smooth setae of similar lengths (Jv1–2, Zv1–2) and a pair of poroids (ivo) at anterior corners of shield, (5) epistome semi-triangular and anterior margin denticulate, (6) smooth internal malae and acuminate labrum obviously shorter than corniculi, (7) hypostomal groove with normal seven rows of denticles, rows 1–5 connected by lateral lines, 6 th and 7 th rows free, (8) fixed cheliceral digit with reduced dentition (fewer than five teeth) (9) all legs shorter than length of body., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Marchenko, Irina I., Döker, Ismail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2021, A new species of the genus Proctogastrolaelaps McGraw & Farrier (Acari: Melicharidae) from the Far East of Russia, and contributions to knowledge of this genus, pp. 380-388 in Zootaxa 5072 (4) on page 381, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5748939, {"references":["McGraw, J. R. & Farrier, M. H. (1969) Mites of the superfamily Parasitoidea (Acarina: Mesostigmata) associated with Dendroctonus and Ips (Animalia: Curculionidae). North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Technical Bulletin, 192, 1 - 162.","Farrier, M. H. & Hennessey, M. K. (1993) Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari Parasitiformes) from North America. An annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Technical Bulletin, 302, 1 - 408.","Moraes, G. J. de, Britto, E. P. J., Mineiro, J. L. de C. & Halliday, B. (2016) Catalogue of the mite families Ascidae Voigts & Oudemans, Blattisociidae Garman and Melicharidae Hirschmann (Acari: Mesostigmata). Zootaxa, 4112 (1), 1 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4112.1.1"]}

Proctogastrolaelaps subsolanus Joharchi & Marchenko sp. nov. (Figures 1–18) Type material: Holotype, female, Tunaycha Lake, Sakhalin Island, Russia, 46°51’22.4”N 143°07’01.4”E, 10 August 2021, A.A. Khaustov, O. Joharchi, I. Döker and V. A. Khaustov coll., from soil-litter on the shore of the Tunaycha Lake (in TSUMZ). Paratypes, four females same data as holotype and five females, Sakhalin Island, Russia, 47°26’22.4”N 142°45’42.0”E, 12 August 2021, A.A. Khaustov, O. Joharchi, I. Döker and V. A. Khaustov coll., from soil-litter on the shore of the Sea of Okhotsk (in TUMZ & ISEA). Additional material: one female, Sakhalin Island, environs of Tunaicha Lake, mixed forest, in litter, 8 July 1991, I.I. Volonikhina (= Marchenko); one female, Sakhalin Island, Korsakov District, environs of Lesnoe village, mixed forest, in litter, 18 October 1993, A. Basarukin coll. (in ISEA). Diagnosis (adult female). Dorsal shield with distinct reticulate ornamentation over whole surface, more distinct in the lateral and opisthonotal sections, with delineated strip along lateral margins and 42 pairs of setae (23 pairs of podonotal setae and 19 pairs of opisthonotal setae, including r6 and R1–4); pre-sternal area comprises with two spindle shaped platelets; sternal shield completely reticulated except posterior area where overlapped by hyaline flap of genital shield; genital shield axe-shaped, expansive, broadened posteriorly, angled posterolaterally behind coxae IV and posteriorly slightly convex; opisthogaster with 14 pairs of setae (including three pairs of UR setae) mostly inserted on small sclerotised rings around basal sockets; anal shield with para-anal setae inserted mid-length of anal opening, post-anal seta longer than para-anals; anal opening more or less enlarged, about 1/4 of shield length, in shield center; peritrematal shield well developed, free from exopodal shield beside coxa IV; epistome with about 20 closely approximated middle-sized denticles; anterior four rows of hypostomal groove each bearing two lateral and 1–3 medial denticles, 5 th row widened, with 13–15 denticles, 6 th and 7 th rows multidentate; corniculi with paraxial process near base, some leg setae thickened and inserted on small tubercles. Description. Female (n=10) (Figures 1–18) Dorsal idiosoma. Dorsal shield 400–410 long, 222–246 wide, covering most of dorsal idiosoma; shield with distinct reticulate ornamentation over whole surface, more distinct in the lateral and opisthonotal sections, with delineated strip along lateral margins (Figs 1, 6). Shield with 42 pairs of setae [23 pairs of podonotal setae (j1–j6, z1–z6, s1–s6, r2–r6) and 19 pairs of opisthonotal setae (J1–J5, Z1–Z5, S1–S5, R1–R4))], most dorsal setae similar lengths (21–41), at most as long as distance to base of subsequent setae, central setae shorter, all setae acicular and smooth, excepting shorter z1 (10–12), J5 (16–19); Z5 (45–48) longer than other setae and sparsely barbed (Figs 1, 6). Shield with about 21 pairs of discernible pore-like structures, including 14 poroids (id1, id2, id4–id6, idm1–idm6, is1, idl3, idl4) and seven gland openings (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9), others indistinct (Figs 1, 6). Ventral idiosoma (Figures 2, 7–10, 12). Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae (50–54), fused basally (14–17), columnar base 13–15 × 12–14 wide; pre-sternal area comprises two spindle shaped platelets. Sternal shield length 80–85, maximum width 133–140, narrowest between coxae II (73–78), with distinct reticulate ornamentation over whole surface, except posterior area between setae st2–st3, where overlapped by hyaline flap of genital shield smooth or faintly reticulated (Figs 2, 7, 9), posterior margin almost straight but anterior margin undulating, bearing three pairs of smooth setae (st1 22–25, st2 26–29, st3 26–29), st2 closer to st3 than to st1; reaching base of it, poroids iv1–2 slit-like, iv1 aligned transversely adjacent to setae st1, iv2 oblique between st2 and st3. Metasternal setae st4 (19–21) and metasternal poroids located on small metasternal platelets, mostly overlapped by anterior margin of genital shield (Figs 2, 7, 9). Endopodal element between coxae I–II fused to sternal shield, bearing gland pore gvb, and fused anteriorly to exopodal strip that flanks coxae I–IV; endopodal platelets between coxae III–IV well-developed, partly overlapped by anterior margin of genital shield, obviously free from sternal shield (Figs 2, 7). Genital shield somewhat axe-shaped, length 147–165, width at level of setae st5 and broadest level 92–95 and 124–128, respectively, overlapping posterior margin of sternal shield, extending to level of setae st3, expansive, broadened posteriorly, angled posterolaterally behind coxae IV, posterior margin slightly convex, surface well reticulated with irregular cells; genital setae st5 (28–31) and poroids iv5 inserted on soft cuticle laterad genital shield at posterior level of parapodal platelets behind coxa IV; postgenital platelets absent (Figs 2, 7, 8). Ventral shield somewhat trapezoid, shield (31–35) long, with greatest width in anterior corners, at level of poroids (ivo) (138–147), width at mid-level of shield (setae Zv2) (115–121) and at the posterior margin, at level of setae Jv2 (98–105); bearing four pairs of smooth setae (16–20) (Jv1–2, Zv1–2) and a pair of poroid (ivo) at anterior corner of shield, surface well reticulated with irregular cells (Figs 2, 7, 8). Anal shield relatively rounded, slightly wider (88–92) than long (81–85), almost whole surface lineate-reticulate; Anal opening somewhat enlarged, located mainly in center region of shield, anal opening 19–22 × 13–15 wide; post-anal seta (25–29) longer than para-anal setae (14–17), cribrum wide, consisting of a terminal tuft with 3–4 irregular rows of spicules, reaching posterolateral corners of shield, limited to region posterior to post-anal seta, gland pores gv3 on lateral margins of shield slightly anteriad para-anal setae level (Figs 2, 7, 10). Soft opisthogastric cuticle with two pairs of metapodal plates, the anterior small, ovoid (8–12 long × 4–6 wide) and the posterior larger, fusiform (27–30 long × 6–8 wide), ten pairs of smooth and same length setae (14–22) (JV3–JV5, ZV3–ZV5, SV2, three setae of UR -series), except Jv5 (30–33) longest, mostly inserted on small sclerotised rings around basal sockets and five pairs of poroids (iv5, three pairs of ivo; ivp) (Figs 2, 7). Peritrematal shield well developed laterad peritremes, bearing one gland pore and one poroid at level between coxae II–III; poststigmatic extension of shield relatively small, free from exopodal shield beside coxa IV, with two pairs of poroids and one pair of gland pores; anterior region of peritrematal shield fused to anterior margin of dorsal shield anteriad seta s2 (Figs 2, 7, 12). Peritremes long, extending anteriorly to anterior level of coxae I (level of seta z1). Parapodal element behind coxae IV relatively thick and bearing gland pore gv2, fused to exopodals flanks coxae I–IV. Spermathecal apparatus not distinguishable. Gnathosoma (Figs 3–5, 11, 13–14). Epistome semi-triangular, with about 20 closely approximated middlesized denticles (Fig. 4). Corniculi robust and horn-like, with paraxial process near base, smooth internal malae and acuminate labrum obviously shorter than corniculi; salivary stylets narrow, apically blunt, longer than corniculi; hypostomal and capitular setae smooth, h3 (27–29)> pc (16–19)> h1 (14–17)> h2 (13–15); hypostomal groove with seven rows of denticles, rows 1–5 connected by lateral lines, anterior four rows each bearing two lateral and 1–3 medial denticles, 5 th row widened, with 13–15 denticles, 6 th and 7 th rows free, multidentate (Figs 3, 11). Supralabral process not distinguishable. Chaetotaxy of palps: 2–5–6–14–15; palpfemoral seta al and palpgenual setae al2 bacilliform flattened apically and spatulate, respectively, other setae simple, palptarsal claw two-tined (Fig. 13). Second cheliceral segment length (69–73), movable digit length (30–33) and basal segment length (42– 45). Cheliceral dorsal and antiaxial lyrifissures distinct; hyaline rim on paraxial surface of fixed digit absent. Fixed digit of chelicera with short and prostrate dorsal mucro near short and subspatulate dorsal seta, five teeth of various sizes (including two large subterminal teeth not aligned with others), and expanded membranous lobe instead of setiform pilus dentilis; movable digit with one tooth in addition to apical tooth and sharp proximal mucro ventrally (Figs 5, 14). Legs (Figs 15–18). Legs II and III (236–247) short, legs I (308–313) and IV (310–318) longer. Chaetotaxy: Leg I (Fig. 15): coxa 0 0/1, 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1, 1/2 1 (al and pd thickened), femur 2 3/1, 2/2 2 (ad1, pd1, pd2 thickened), genu 2 3/2, 3/1 2 (al1, al2 thickened), tibia 2 3/2, 3/1 2. Leg II (Fig. 16): coxa 0 0/1, 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1, 0/2 1 (al slightly thickened), femur 2 3/1, 2/2 1 (ad1, pd1, pv1 inserted on small tubercles), genu 2 3/1, 2/1 2 (all dorsal setae inserted on small tubercles), tibia 2 2/1, 2/1 2. Leg III (Fig. 17): coxa 0 0/1, 0/1 0, trochanter 1 1/1, 0/2 0, femur 1 2/1, 1/0 1, genu 2 2/1, 2/1 1, tibia: 2 1/1, 2/1 1. Leg IV (Fig. 18): coxa 0 0/1, 0/0 0, trochanter 1 1/1, 0/1 1 (av inserted on small tubercles), femur 1 2/1, 1/0 1, genu 2 2/1, 3/0 1 (posterior dorsal setae inserted on small tubercles), tibia 2 1/1, 3/1 2. Tarsi II–IV with 18 setae (3 3/2, 3/2 3 + mv, md); with thickened some setae, see Figure 16–18. All legs with elongate pretarsi, bearing small paired claws, short paradactyli and rounded pulvilli. Male and immatures. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name of the new species is derived from the Latin adjective subsolanus, sub- (“under, below”) + sôlânus (“of the sun”), and is meaning eastern. This name refers to the species occurring in the easternmost part of Russia. Remarks. McGraw & Farrier (1969) erected the genus Proctogastrolaelaps to accommodate a new species P. libris, which was described associated with the bark beetles in Virginia and North Carolina, USA. Farrier & Hennessey (1993) also included this species in their checklist of soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari: Parasitiformes) from North America. Since that time, there has been no other formal occurrence or recording of Proctogastrolaelaps in the world, and is now recorded in Far East of Russia for the first time, from soil-litter. The original description of the genus is brief and its illustrations are incomplete, lacking some important details, especially those concerning leg chaetotaxy and gnathosoma. Moraes et al. (2016) in the world catalogue of the families Ascidae, Blattisociidae and Melicharidae clarified the definitions of all melicharids genera but a satisfactory clear concept of the genus Proctogastrolaelaps has still not been achieved. The discovery of the second species of Proctogastrolaelaps allowed us to develop a concept of the genus as above and clarified significant morphological attributes in the genus by the inclusion of the new species. The new species can be easily distinguished from P. libris by the following characteristics: dorsal shield with 42 pairs of setae, including 23 pairs of podonotal setae and 19 pairs of opisthonotal setae, R5 and R6 absent (vs. dorsal shield with 44 pairs of setae, including 21 pairs of podonotal setae, both R5 and R6 present in P. libris); (2) pre-sternal area comprises with two spindle shaped platelets (vs. absent in P. libris); (3) peritrematal shield well developed, fused anteriorly to dorsal shield, posteriorly free (vs. peritrematal shield posteriorly fused to exopodal shield beside coxa IV in P. libris); (4) genital shield expansive, broadened posteriorly, angled posterolaterally behind coxae IV (vs. genital shield not expansive and angled posterolaterally behind coxae IV in P. libris); (5) Fixed digit of chelicera with five various sizes of teeth (including two large subterminal teeth not aligned with others) (vs. fixed cheliceral digit with two teeth in addition to apical tooth in P. libris, two large subterminal teeth absent); (6) soft opisthogastric cuticle with ten pairs of smooth setae inserted on small sclerotised rings around basal sockets (vs. opisthogastric cuticle setae without small sclerotised rings around basal sockets in P. libris). Although, this genus has not been recorded from any part of the world except the Far East of Russia (this study) and USA (McGraw & Farrier, 1969; Farrier & Hennessey, 1993), possibly as a result of a poor sampling effort for melicharid mites in other countries. But according to the collecting habitat of the new species, we can expand the occurrence habitat of this genus from galleries of bark beetles to soil-litter, however still scarce the knowledge about the feeding patterns or any other aspects of these mites behavior. Nothing is known about the feeding behaviour of these mites or any other aspects of their biology. According to its normal morphology (like other free-living species of melicharids) (e.g. dentate chelicerae and sclerotised and horn-like corniculi, etc.), suspect that P. subsolanus is probably a predator of small invertebrates. We stress that further comprehensive field and experimental works are needed to find more species of this genus to establish the true role of this mite in its respective ecosystems., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Marchenko, Irina I., Döker, Ismail & Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2021, A new species of the genus Proctogastrolaelaps McGraw & Farrier (Acari: Melicharidae) from the Far East of Russia, and contributions to knowledge of this genus, pp. 380-388 in Zootaxa 5072 (4) on pages 382-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5748939, {"references":["McGraw, J. R. & Farrier, M. H. (1969) Mites of the superfamily Parasitoidea (Acarina: Mesostigmata) associated with Dendroctonus and Ips (Animalia: Curculionidae). North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Technical Bulletin, 192, 1 - 162.","Farrier, M. H. & Hennessey, M. K. (1993) Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari Parasitiformes) from North America. An annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Technical Bulletin, 302, 1 - 408.","Moraes, G. J. de, Britto, E. P. J., Mineiro, J. L. de C. & Halliday, B. (2016) Catalogue of the mite families Ascidae Voigts & Oudemans, Blattisociidae Garman and Melicharidae Hirschmann (Acari: Mesostigmata). Zootaxa, 4112 (1), 1 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4112.1.1"]}

Genus Nidilaelaps Shaw, 2012 Nidilaelaps Shaw, 2012: 26. Type species Gymnolaelaps annectans Womersley 1955: 419; by original designation. Diagnosis. The concept of Nidilaelaps used here is based on that of Shaw (2012)., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Ueckermann, Edward A., Döker, Ismail, Khaustov, Vladimir A. & Hänel, Christine, 2021, Some free-living laelapid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Tristan da Cunha and Nightingale Islands, with description of a new species of Gaeolaelaps Evans & Till (Acari: Laelapidae) and the first afrotropical record of the genus Nidilaelaps Shaw, pp. 271-285 in Zootaxa 5026 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5026.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5298221, {"references":["Shaw, D. M. (2012) Re-evaluation of Pseudoparasitus (Gymnolaelaps) annectans (Womersley): a new genus and two new species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae). Zootaxa, 3453 (1), 25 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3453.1.2","Womersley, H. (1955) The Acarina fauna of mutton birds' nests on a Bass Strait island. Australian Journal of Zoology, 3, 412 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9550412"]}

Genus Gaeolaelaps Evans & Till Hypoaspis (Gaeolaelaps) Evans & Till, 1966: 159. Type species Laelaps aculeifer Canestrini, 1884; by original designation (Evans & Till, 1966). Diagnosis. The concept of Gaeolaelaps used here is based on that of Beaulieu (2009) with modifications by Kazemi et al. (2014)., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Ueckermann, Edward A., Döker, Ismail, Khaustov, Vladimir A. & Hänel, Christine, 2021, Some free-living laelapid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Tristan da Cunha and Nightingale Islands, with description of a new species of Gaeolaelaps Evans & Till (Acari: Laelapidae) and the first afrotropical record of the genus Nidilaelaps Shaw, pp. 271-285 in Zootaxa 5026 (2) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5026.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5298221, {"references":["Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370.","Canestrini, G. (1884) Prospetto dell'acarofauna Italiana. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Series 6), 2, 1563 - 1607.","Beaulieu, F. (2009) Review of the mite genus Gaeolaelaps Evans and Till (Acari: Laelapidae), and description of a new species from North America, G. gillespiei n. sp. Zootaxa, 2158 (1), 33 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2158.1.3","Kazemi, Sh., Rajaei, A. & Beaulieu, F. (2014) Two new species of Gaeolaelaps (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Iran, with a revised generic concept and notes on significant morphological characters in the genus. Zootaxa, 3861 (6), 501 - 530. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3861.6.1"]}

Nidilaelaps annectans (Womersley) (Figs 23–29) Gymnolaelaps annectans Womersley, 1955: 419. Gymnolaelaps annectans.— Farrier & Hennessey, 1993: 73. Hypoaspis nidicorva. — Evans & Till, 1966: 179 (synonomy by Domrow, 1973: 63). Pseudoparasitus annectans.— Hunter, 1966: 12. Pseudoparasitus (Gymnolaelaps) annectans . — Karg, 1978b: 206; 1981: 218; Tenorio, 1982: 268. Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) nidicorva . — Karg, 1979: 100. Specimens examined. Four females, Edinburgh Settlement, Tristan da Cunha Island, 37°06’ S, 12°30’ W, 20 Feb. 2005, alt. 100 ft., C. Hänel coll., from Chicken meal; four females, Nightingale Island, 37°25’ S, 12°28’ W, 03 April 2005, C. Hänel coll., from tussock grassland riddled with sea-bird burrows. Remarks. The type species of the genus, Nidilaelaps annectans, was described from Australia (Womersley, 1955) where it was recorded from nesting material in burrows of the mutton bird. It has been recorded from nests of birds or small mammals and soil, from Argentina, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Hawaiian Islands and is now recorded from Tristan Da Cunha and Nightingale Islands for the first time. It was found there in both a native habitat and imported stored food. Domrow (1973) considered N. annectans as a junior synonym of Hypoaspis nidicorva Evans & Till, 1966. However, Domrow (1973) did not provide any explanation for this decision, nor did he provide the details of the examined specimens. Hypoaspis nidicorva was described from Great Britain (Evans & Till, 1966), where it was found in the nest of a jackdaw. We have not had the opportunity to examine the type specimens of these species. Nonetheless, in the process of comparing the descriptions and figures of these species with our observations of the Tristan and Nightingale specimens, they agree very well with the description given by Evans & Till (1966). We could not find any authentic distinguishing morphological differences, except that the dorsal shield setae are slightly longer in H. nidicorva, especially the central and opisthonotal setae, which mostly reach to base of next setae in H. nidicorva (see Fig. 23), while in N. annectans dorsal shield seta shorter and never reach to base of next setae (see Fig. 1, in Shaw, 2012). We believe that such morphological difference could be due to intraspecific variation among two different geographical zones. Therefore, in this study, we follow Domrow’s (1973) treatment and provisionally retain these two species as synonyms until further comparative studies based on directly examining the type material of both species is possible to clarify their relationship. Shaw (2012) suggested Nidilaelaps is endemic to the Australopapuan region and the presence of N. annectans in other regions is facilitated by its many phoretic associations, particularly with birds and rodents. We agree with his postulation but with our findings, this genus is now recorded from Afrotropical realm for the first time. The species may be recognised primarily by the dorsal shield bearing 39 pairs setae plus one to two supernumerary Jx setae between J4 setae (Fig. 23), sternal shield reticulate throughout and posterior margin of sternal shield usually with mild medial point (Figs 24 & 25), genito-ventral shield furnished with lateral zone of longitudinally aligned cells and bears four pairs setae (st5, Zv1, Jv1, Jv2) (see Figs 24 & 26), poststigmatal plate shield fused to exopodal IV (Fig. 27), deutosternal groove wider anteriorly with six deutosternal rows of 5–10 denticles (Fig. 28), epistome with a smooth edge (Fig. 29)., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Ueckermann, Edward A., Döker, Ismail, Khaustov, Vladimir A. & Hänel, Christine, 2021, Some free-living laelapid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Tristan da Cunha and Nightingale Islands, with description of a new species of Gaeolaelaps Evans & Till (Acari: Laelapidae) and the first afrotropical record of the genus Nidilaelaps Shaw, pp. 271-285 in Zootaxa 5026 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5026.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5298221, {"references":["Womersley, H. (1955) The Acarina fauna of mutton birds' nests on a Bass Strait island. Australian Journal of Zoology, 3, 412 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9550412","Farrier, M. H. & Hennessey, M. K. (1993) Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America. An annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin, 302, 1 - 408.","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370.","Domrow, R. (1973) New records and species of Laelaps and allied genera from Australasia (Acari: Dermanyssidae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 98, 62 - 85.","Hunter, P. E. (1966) Some mites of the genus Pseudoparasitus Oudemans 1902 (Acarina: Laelaptidae). Journal of the Georgian Entomological Society, 1, 1 - 20.","Karg, W. (1978 b) Die Gattung Pseudoparasitus Oudemans, 1902. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 54, 203 - 212.","Karg, W. (1981) Die Untergattung Cosmolaelaps Berlese, 1903, der Raubmilbengattung Hypoaspis Canestrini, 1884 (Acarina, Parasitiformes). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 57, 213 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830570203","Tenorio, J. M. (1982) Hypoaspidinae (Acari: Gamasida: Laelapidae) of the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Insects, 24, 259 - 274.","Karg, W. (1979) Die Gattung Hypoaspis Canestrini 1884 (Acarina, Parasitiformes). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 106, 65 - 104.","Shaw, D. M. (2012) Re-evaluation of Pseudoparasitus (Gymnolaelaps) annectans (Womersley): a new genus and two new species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae). Zootaxa, 3453 (1), 25 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3453.1.2"]}

Genus Cosmolaelaps Berlese Laelaps (Cosmolaelaps) Berlese 1903: 13. Type species Laelaps claviger Berlese, 1883: 2; by original designation. Diagnosis. The diagnosis of Cosmolaelaps used here is based on that of Moreira et al. (2014)., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Ueckermann, Edward A., Döker, Ismail, Khaustov, Vladimir A. & Hänel, Christine, 2021, Some free-living laelapid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Tristan da Cunha and Nightingale Islands, with description of a new species of Gaeolaelaps Evans & Till (Acari: Laelapidae) and the first afrotropical record of the genus Nidilaelaps Shaw, pp. 271-285 in Zootaxa 5026 (2) on page 272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5026.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5298221, {"references":["Berlese, A. (1903) Acari nuovi. Manipulus I. Redia, 1, 235 - 252.","Berlese, A. (1883). Acari, Myriapoda et Scorpiones Hucusque in Italia Reperta, 4.","Moreira, G. F., Klompen, H. & Moraes, G. J. D. (2014) Redefinition of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) and description of five new species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3764 (3), 317 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3764.3.4"]}

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) montanus Chant & Yoshida-Shaul Typhlodromus montanus Chant & Yoshida-Shaul, 1978: 1065. (Figures 12���17) Female (n=2). Dorsum (Figure 12). Dorsal setal pattern 12A:8A (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield, sclerotised, strongly reticulated, with waist at level of seta R1. Bearing four pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6, gd8 and gd9) and fourteen pairs of poroids (sensilla). Muscle-marks (sigilla) visible mostly on podosoma, length of dorsal shield 366 (364��� 367), width (at level of s4) 189 (187���191), width (at level of S2) 194 (190���197). Dorsal setae smooth, except Z5, which slightly serrated. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 22 (21���22), j3 27 (26���27), j4 14 (13���15), j5 15 (14���15), j6 18, J2 19, J5 5, z2 19, z3 22 (21���23), z4 20 (19���21), z5 15 (14���15), Z4 27 (26���28), Z5 57, s4 25 (24���25), s6 27 (26���27), S2 26 (25���27), S4 23 (22���23), S5 17 (16���17), r3 25 and R1 24 (23���24). Peritreme. Short, extending to between setae z3���z4. Venter (Figure 13). Ventral setal pattern 15:JV:ZV. Sternal shield smooth, lightly sclerotised; with two pairs of setae (ST1 and ST2) and two pairs of pores (iv1 and iv2); length (ST1���ST2) 41 (40���42), width (distance between setae ST2) 60; setae ST3 situated on separate platelets; metasternal setae ST4 and pair of pores (iv3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth, width at level of genital setae (ST5) 63 (61���64), para-genital poroids iv5 on integument. Ventrianal shield pentagonal, striated. Four pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2, JV3 and ZV2), seta ZV2 out of shield on left side; and pair of widely separated and small rounded solenostomes (gv3) posteromesad setae JV3, distance between pre-anal pores 54 (53���54). Pair of para-anal (Pa) and post-anal setae (Pst) present. Length of ventrianal shield 114 (113���115), width at level of setae ZV2 101 (99���102). Setae ZV1, ZV3, JV4, JV5 and four pairs of poroids on integument surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 smooth, 34 (33���34) in length. Gnathosoma. Anterior margin of epistome rounded and smooth. Hypostomal groove with seven transverse rows of denticles, each row with two or three teeth; subcapitular setae h1 19 (18���19), h2 19 (18���19) and h3 18, slightly shorter than palp coxal setae (pc) 23 (22���23). Chaetotaxy of palps similar to new species described above. Chelicera (Figure 14). Fixed digit 28 (27���28) long, with five teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 27 (26���27) long with one tooth. Spermatheca (Figure 15). Calyx bell-shaped, flaring distally, 13 (12���13) in length; atrium incorporated within calyx. Legs (Figures 16, 17). Length of legs (base of coxae to base of claws): leg I 301 (294���307); leg II 262 (259��� 265); leg III 273 (272���274); leg IV 342 (339���344). Chaetotaxy of legs similar to new species except genu II 2 2/0 2/0 1. Apical sensorial setal cluster of tarsus I with five modified setae with different shapes. Leg IV with one blunttip macroseta, knob absent, StIV 45 (44���45). Other legs without macrosetae. Male. Unknown. World distribution. Canada (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul, 1978), and Russia (this study). Material examined. Two females Pereval Seminskiy, Altai Republic, Russia (51�� 02��� N, 85�� 36��� E, and 1744 m above sea level). 3 August 2020, V.A. Khaustov coll., from European birdcherry plants, Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae) heavily infested with eriophyid mites., Published as part of D��ker, Ismail, Khaustov, Vladimir A. & Joharchi, Omid, 2021, A new species of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon and redescription of T. (A.) montanus Chant & Yoshida-Shaul from Russia, pp. 372-380 in Zootaxa 4951 (2) on pages 376-378, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/4663907, {"references":["Chant, D. A. & Yoshida-Shaul, E. (1978) Descriptions of three new species in the genera Amblyseius Berlese and Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in Canada, with descriptions of males of nine other species, and some new collection records. The Canadian Entomologist, 110, 1059 - 1076. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1101059 - 10"]}

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) tetraporus sp. nov. (Figs 1–11) Diagnosis. Dorsal shield strongly reticulated with four pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd4, gd6 and gd9). Peritreme extending almost to level of setae j1. Sternal shield smooth with two pairs of setae, setae ST3 and ST4 on separate platelets, sclerotised v-shaped plate posterior to sternal shield; genital shield smooth; ventrianal shield reticulated with four pairs of setae and pair of small rounded solenostomes. Calyx of spermatheca bell-shaped; atrium large nodular attached to calyx without neck. Fixed digit of chelicera with four teeth and movable digit with one tooth. Genu II with eight setae. Leg IV with one short and blunt-tipped macroseta, shorter than distance between its base and dorsal slit organ, knob absent. Other legs without macrosetae. Female (n=6). Dorsum (Figures 1, 7, 8, 9). Dorsal setal pattern 12A:8A (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield sclerotised, strongly reticulated, with waist at level of seta R1. Shield bearing four pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd4, gd6 and gd9), 14 pairs of poroids (sensilla) visible on shield. Muscle-marks (sigilla) visible mostly on podosoma, length of dorsal shield 332 (322–339), width (at level of s4) 180 (177–185), width (at level of S2) 197 (193–204). Dorsal setae smooth, except Z4 and Z5 slightly serrated. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 22 (19–23), j3 29 (27–30), j4 21 (20–21), j5 22 (20–23), j6 25 (24–25), J2 27 (26–28), J5 14 (13–15), z2 24 (23–24), z3 30 (29–30), z4 30 (29–30), z5 24 (23–24), Z4 38 (37–38), Z5 50 (48–52), s4 34 (33–35), s6 35 (33–36), S2 37 (35–38), S4 36 (35–38), S5 30 (29–30), r3 32 (30–33) and R1 28 (27–28). Peritreme. 183 (170–194) in length, extending to level between setae j1 and j3, almost to base of j1. Venter (Figure 2, 10). Ventral setal pattern 15:JV:ZV. Sternal shield smooth except few anterolateral striations, lightly sclerotised; with two pairs of setae (ST1 and ST2) and two pairs of pores (iv1 and iv2); length (ST1–ST2) 34 (33–35), width (distance between setae ST2) 56 (55–56); setae ST3 situated on separate platelets; sclerotised vshaped plate posterior to sternal shield; metasternal setae ST4 and pair of pores (iv3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth, width at level of genital setae (ST5) 53 (50–56), para-genital poroids iv5 on integument. Ventrianal shield pentagonal, reticulated. Four pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2, JV3 and ZV2), and pair of small rounded solenostomes (gv3) between setae JV3, distance between pre-anal pores 39 (37–40). Pair of para-anal (Pa) and post-anal seta (Pst) present. Length of ventrianal shield 111 (108–114), width at level of setae ZV2 98 (97–100). Setae ZV1, ZV3, JV4, JV5 and five pairs of poroids on integument surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 smooth, 46 (45–47) in length. Gnathosoma. Anterior margin of epistome rounded and smooth. Hypostomal groove with seven transverse rows of denticles, each row with two or three teeth; subcapitular setae h1 20, h2 19 (19–20) h3 19, slightly shorter than palp coxal setae (pc) 25 (24–25). Chaetotaxy of palps: trochanter with two setae; femur with five setae; genu with six setae; tibia with 14 setae; tarsus with 15 setae. Chelicera (Figure 3). Fixed digit 26 (25–27) long, with four teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 26 (25–27) long with one tooth. Spermatheca (Figures 4, 11). Calyx bell-shaped, 13 (12–14) in length; atrium large nodular attached to calyx without neck. Legs (Figures 5, 6). Length of legs (base of coxae to base of claws): leg I 300 (293–304); leg II 243 (234–251); leg III 221 (217–226); leg IV 299 (291–315). Chaetotaxy as follows: Leg I: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 1/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/2 2, genu 2 2/1 2/1 2, tibia 2 2/1 2/1 2. Leg II: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/1 1, genu 2 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 2/1 1/1 1. Leg III: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 1/1 0/2 0, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/1 1. Leg IV: coxa 0 0/1 0/0 0, trochanter 1 1/1 0/2 0, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/0 2/1 1, tibia 1 1/0 2/1 1. Apical sensorial setal cluster of tarsus I with six modified setae. Leg IV with one blunt-tip macroseta, knob absent, StIV 33 (32–34). Other legs without macrosetae. Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype female and three paratype females from grass in Ai-Petri mountains, Yalta, Crimea, 44°27’ N, 34° 02’ E, 1160 meters above sea level, 8 August 2019. Two female paratypes from grass in same location, 16 August 2020, collector V. A. Khaustov. Etymology. The name of the new species “ tetraporus ” refers to four pairs of solenostomes on the dorsal shield. Differential Diagnosis This new species was compared with all Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) species known to date (Fang et al., 2018; Demite et. al., 2020). Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) tetraporus can be distinguished from all known species of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) by the combination of following characters; peritreme extending almost to level of setae j1, four pairs of solenostomes on dorsal shield, two pairs of setae on sternal shield, a sclerotised v-shaped plate posterior to sternal shield, four pairs of pre-anal setae, a pair of small rounded pre-anal solenostomes, differentiated and larger atrium of spermatheca, bell-shaped calyx of spermatheca and eight setae on genu II. Some species of the subgenus, such as T. (A.) montanus, T. (A.) nobilis (Kuznetsov, 1984), T. (A.) paraevectus Moraes & McMurtry, 1983, and T. (A.) rarus Wainstein, 1961 have also four pairs of solenostomes, but with different combinations. The solenostomes gd4 are absent and gd8 are present in all of the aforementioned species, however, the former are present and the latter are absent in the new species. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) tetraporus is also similar to some other known species of the subgenus from the western Palaearctic region in terms of general appearance and nature of the dorsal and the ventral shields. For example, T. (A.) aktherecus (Kolodochka, 1979), T. (A.) halinae (Wainstein & Kolodochka, 1974), T. (A.) kerkirae Swirski & Ragusa, 1976, T. (A.) pirianykae (Wainstein, 1972), T. (A.) ponticus (Kolodochka, 1992), T. (A.) salviae (Kolodochka, 1979) and T. (A.) spiralis (Wainstein & Kolodochka, 1974). However, as opposed to the new species all of these species have a relatively smaller atrium which is incorporated within the base of the calyx of spermatheca and all have five pairs of solenostomes on dorsal shield. Furthermore, a v-shaped sclerotised plate posterior to sternal shield is absent in the aforementioned species except for T. (A.) kerkirae which is also differs by having seven setae on genu II as opposed to eight in the new species. The electronic polytomous key to species of the subgenus of the world also used to check whether the new species could match any other Anthoseius (Hernandes et al., 2020). A total of 35 characters (14 are discrete and 21 are continuous) were used to discriminate the new species (Hernandes et al., 2012). As a result, only three species, T. (A.) ghanii (Muma, 1967), T. (A.) loralaiana (Muma, 1967) and T. (A.) macrum Ke & Xin, 1983 were listed in remaining species. However, it should be noted that solenostomes gd8 are present in the first two species, and gd4 are absent in the latter, according to their original descriptions. Despite the fact that these characters were listed as discrete characters, these species could not be eliminated in the key. In addition, the new species is distinctly different from all others based on spermatheca morphology.

Gaeolaelaps euparadactylifer Joharchi sp. nov. (Figures 22–40) Type material: Holotype, female, Teletskoye Lake, Altai Republic, Russia, 51°21’N 87°45’E, 1 August 2020, A. A. Khaustov coll., from moss on the shore of the Teletskoye Lake (in TSUMZ). Paratypes, 11 females and five males same data as holotype (in TSUMZ). Diagnosis (adult female). Dorsal shield oval shaped, covering entire idiosoma; shield with obvious reticulation, more distinct in opisthonotal (posterior to j6) and lateral regions; with 39 pairs of smooth and relatively long setae (except J3–J5, Z5, sparsely barbed), mostly reaching to base of following in series. Presternal area sclerotised, punctate, with a few transverse curved lines, sternal shield with punctate-reticulate ornamentation throughout, anterior margin straight, posterior margin of shield irregular; ratio of shield length/width ≃ 0.8. Genital shield, with length/width ratio ≃ 1.7, protruding at level between setae st5 and Zv1, surface reticulated with irregular diagonal lines and polygonal cells, posteriorly 8–9 cells surrounded by a Ʌ-shaped line. Anal shield with length/width ratio ≃ 1. Opisthosomal integument with eight pairs of smooth setae, peritremes short, reaching to mid-level of coxae II. Some leg setae on tarsi II–IV spine-like (mostly ventral and lateral setae). Tarsus IV with four noticeably long setae (macrosetae) (ad2, ad3, pd2, pd3), paradactyli on pretarsi II–IV well elongated and curved. Fixed digit of chelicera with 6–7 relatively blunt teeth. Description. Female (n=12) (Figures 22–38) Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 22, 28). Dorsal shield oval shaped, 575–601 long, 313–374 wide, covering entire idiosoma; shield with obvious reticulation, more distinct in opisthonotal (posterior to j6) and lateral regions (Figs 22, 28). Shield with 39 pairs of relatively long setae, mostly reaching to base of following in series: 22 pairs of podonotal setae, 17 pairs of opisthonotal setae, including two pairs Zx setae, r6 on lateral soft cuticle.All setae smooth (55–69) (except J3–J5, Z5, sparsely barbed, see Fig. 22), j1 (31–34), z1 (35–37), Z5 (75–77) (Figs 22, 28). Shield with about 21 pairs of discernible pore-like structures, including 16 poroids (id1, id2, id4–id6, idm1–idm6, is1, idx, idl1, idl3, idl4) and five gland openings (gd2, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9), others indistinct, Figs 22, 28. Ventral idiosoma (Figs 23, 29). Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae (97–100), fused basally (4–5), columnar base 33–35 × 14–19 wide; presternal area sclerotised, punctate, with a few transverse curved lines, sternal shield length 135–145, maximum width 160–181, narrowest between coxae II (103–113), with punctate-reticulate ornamentation throughout (Figs 23, 29), anterior margin straight, posterior margin of shield irregular; bearing three pairs of smooth setae (st1, st2, st3 45–49), never reaching base of next setae (except st2), one pair of lyrifissures adjacent to setae st1, and a pair of poroids between st2 and st3; gland pores gv1 present on posterior shield margin. Metasternal setae st4 (40–44) and metasternal poroids located on soft integument (occasionally one poroid located on posterolateral angles of sternal shield, see Fig. 22); metasternal platelets absent. Endopodal plates II/III completely fused to sternal shield, endopodal plates III/IV elongate, narrow and curved. Genital shield tongue-shaped, protruding at level between setae st5 and Zv1, length 220–225, maximum width 118–127, anterior margin of shield convex, overlapping posterior area of sternal shield, but not reaching base of setae st3, posterior margin rounded, surface reticulated with irregular diagonal lines and polygonal cells, posteriorly 8–9 cells surrounded by a Ʌ-shaped line; bearing a pair of simple setae st5 (36–39) (Figs 23, 29). Shield flanked by two pairs of minute, oval paragenital platelets; paragenital poroids iv5 located on soft cuticle lateral to shield near seta st5. Anal shield subtriangular, rounded anteriorly, length 97–105, width 103–110, anterior half lineate-reticulate, para-anal setae (36–42) shorter than post-anal seta (41–45), cribrum consisting of a terminal tuft with three irregular rows of spicules and a pair of anterior arms extending slightly beyond post-anal seta (Figs 23, 29); anal gland pores (gv3) on anterolateral margin of anal shield. Soft opisthogastric cuticle with pair of oval metapodal plates (26–33 long × 8–10 wide), an additional small round metapodal platelet more medially and eight pairs of smooth setae (Jv1–Jv5, Zv1–Zv 3) (31–35), and six pairs of poroids including iv5 and ivp. Three exopodal platelets between coxae I–II, II–III and III-IV present, anterior two platelets subtriangular, those behind coxae III–IV and parapodal platelets fused, curved, extending narrowly behind coxae IV and surrounding coxa IV, gland pores gv2 on parapodal platelets (Figs 23, 29). Peritreme extending anteriorly to mid-level of coxa II; peritrematal shield expanded anteriorly, fused to dorsal shield behind setae z1 level, free from exopodal shields, bearing five pore-like structures, a lyrifissure ip and a gland pore gp at level near coxae II–III, two lyrifissures ip and a gland pore gp on post-stigmatic section (Figs 23, 29). Gnathosoma (Figs 24–27, 30–32). Epistome with rounded anterior margin and irregularly denticulate (Figs 26, 30). Hypostomal groove with six transverse rows of denticles, each row with 14–20 small denticles, with smooth anterior and posterior transverse lines, groove very slightly wider anteriorly. Hypostome with four pairs of setae, internal posterior hypostomal setae h3 (43–45), h1 (37–39), h2 (24–27), palpcoxal setae (pc) (33–35) (Fig. 24). Corniculi robust and horn-like, extending slightly beyond palptrochanter. Supralabral process with short conical apicoventral projection (Figs 25, 30). Internal malae with one pair of smooth median projections, flanked by lobes with fimbriate anterior margin; labrum with pilose surface (Fig. 24). Chaetotaxy of palps (Fig. 32): trochanter 2, femur 5, genu 6, tibia 14, tarsus 15, all setae smooth and needle-like except al1, al2 on palp genu and al, d3 on palp trochanter thickened, al2 and al paddle-like on palpgenu and femur, respectively, palp tarsal apotele two-tined, second tine with distal knob (Fig. 32). Fixed digit of chelicera with an offset distal tooth (gabelzahn), followed by six relatively blunt and variously sized teeth, a setaceous pilus dentilis, dorsal cheliceral setae thick, arthrodial membrane with a rounded flap and normal filaments; cheliceral lyrifissures distinct; movable digit with two relatively large and blunt teeth (Fig. 27, 31). Legs (Figs 34–38). Legs II (385–405) and III (360–374) short, I (530–565) and IV (515–538) longer. Chaetotaxy normal for free-living Laelapidae: Leg I (Fig. 35): coxa 0–0/1, 0/1–0, trochanter 1–1/1, 0/2–1 (ad & al thickened), femur 2–2/1, 3/3–2 (ad3, pd1, pd2 slightly thickened), genu 2–3/2, 3/1–2 (all dorsal setae slightly thickened), tibia 2–3/2, 3/1–2 (all dorsal setae slightly thickened). Leg II (Fig. 36): coxa 0–0/1, 0/1–0, trochanter 1–0/2, 0/1–1, femur 2–3/1, 2/2–1 (pd1, pl longer, ad1 inserted on small tubercle), genu 2–3/1, 2/1–2 (pd2 longer), tibia 2–2/1, 2/1–2 (all ventral setae thickened). Leg III (Fig. 37): coxa 0–0/1, 0/1–0, trochanter 1–1/1, 0/2–0 (al & ad thickened), femur 1–2/1, 1/0–1 (all dorsal setae thickened), genu 2–2/1, 2/1–1, tibia: 2–1/1, 2/1–1 (all ventral setae thickened). Leg IV (Fig. 38): coxa 0–0/1, 0/0–0, trochanter 1–2/1, 0/1–0, femur 1–2/1, 1/0–1 (ad2 and pd thickened; ad1 longest and inserted on small tubercle), genu 2–2/1, 3/0–1 (ad1 and pd2 inserted on small tubercles), tibia 2–1/1, 3/1–2 (all ventral setae thickened). Tarsi II-IV with 18 setae (3– 3/2, 3/2–3 + mv, md); with thickened some ventral and lateral setae, see Figures 36–38. Tarsus IV with two noticeably long setae (macrosetae), ad2, ad3 (63–70), pd2 (82–89) & pd3 (94–100) significantly longer than others, pl2, pl3 thick and blunt. All pretarsi with well-developed paired claws, rounded pulvilli and paradactyli on pretarsi II–IV well elongated and curved (see Figs 34–38). Insemination structures (Fig. 33). Laelapid-type sperm access system, tubulus long, wider at the solenostome level, mesad of coxa III, and entering sacculus. Proximal ends of the tubulus swollen at junction with ramus, leading to droplet-shaped sacculus. Description. Male (n=5). (Figures 39, 40) Dorsal idiosoma. Dorsal shield 435–445 long, 258–265 wide; ornamentation and chaetotaxy as in female. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 39). Sternal, genital, endopodal, ventral and anal shields fused into holoventral shield, 370–380 long from anterior to posterior margins of shield, (95–105) wide at level of st2, (95–105) at st3 level and (198–206) at broadest point (behind parapodals), anterolateral edges of shield fused to endopodals between coxae I-II; shield reticulate throughout, with five pairs smooth sternal setae (st1–5), and four pairs of smooth ventral setae (Jv1, Jv2, Zv1, Zv2), plus three smooth circumanal setae, post-anal seta (38–41) longer than para-anals (32–35), with six pairs of poroids and a pair of gland pore (gv3) on lateral margins of shield at anterior level of anal opening, iv1 slit-like; gland pore gv2 behind coxa IV not discerned; cribrum with 3–4 irregular rows of spicules, restricted to region posterior to post-anal seta; metapodal platelets narrow and fused to shield (Fig. 39). Soft opisthogastric cuticle with two pairs of simple setae, and three pairs of poroids. Peritremes and peritrematal shields similar to those in female. Gnathosoma. Epistome and subcapitulum similar to female. Fixed digit of chelicera with five teeth of various sizes and slender pilus dentilis. Movable digit of chelicera unidentate, spermadactyl stout, long, curved backward, with round tip, and its free section more than double length of movable digit (Fig. 40); fringed hyaline arthrodial process at base of movable digit (Figs 40). Palps similar to those of female. Legs. Chaetotaxy as in female. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Greek words (eu, true), (paradaktylos, a specific term for paired structure developed on pretarsus) and (ferein, bear); referring to the excessively developed paradactyli on tarsi II–IV. Notes. The new species is unique within Gaeolaelaps by the form of the pretarsal paradactyli on legs II–IV. These structures are strongly elongated, apically pointed and with their tips projecting well beyond the claws (Fig. 34). In the key to Gaeolaelaps species with short peritremes provided in Vatankhah et al. (2016), G. euparadactylifer came to couplet 16, but the combination of character states of iv2 pore-like and J2 located laterad J1 makes couplet choice problematic. Overall G. euparadactylifer can be easily distinguished from all other members of Gaeolaelaps with short peritremes (See Vatankhah et al., 2016) by the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal shield oval shaped and with 39 pairs of relatively long setae, mostly reaching to base of following in series; (2) genital shield with protruding at level between setae st5 and Zv1, surface reticulated with polygonal cells (3) peritremes short, reaching to mid-level of coxae II; (4) tarsus IV with four noticeably long setae (macrosetae) (ad2, ad3, pd2, pd3); (5) paradactyli on pretarsi II–IV well elongated and curved; (5) fixed digit of chelicera in female with 6–7 relatively blunt teeth; (6) spermatodactyl in male chelicera stout, long, curved backward, with round tip, and its free section more than double length of movable digit; (7) holoventral shield in male well reticulate throughout, usually bearing nine pairs smooth setae (st1–5, Jv1, Jv2, Zv1, Zv2), plus three circumanal setae. Gaeolaelaps euparadactylifer most resembles G. praesternaloides (Ma & Yin, 1998) (this species is omitted in the both identification keys to Gaeolaelaps species with short peritremes provided by Vatankhah et al., 2016 and Nemati & Mohseni, 2013), due to the dorsal shield having 39 pairs of setae and short peritremes, reaching tomid-level of coxae II. Gaeolaelaps euparadactylifer differs from G. praesternaloides by having relatively longer dorsal setae, mostly reaching to base of following in series, J2 located laterad J1, J1 almost reaching more than half the J1–J3 distance (versus dorsal shield setae shorter, never reaching base of next posterior seta in series, J2 located behind of J1 and J1 never reaching J5 insertion in G. praesternaloides), post-stigmatal section of peritrematal shield extending nearly to middle part of coxa IV but never past it and exterior margin of post-stigmatal plate without incision (versus post-stigmatal section of peritrematal shield elongated, its tip extending beyond of coxa IV and exterior margin of post-stigmatal plate with deep incision in G. praesternaloides), spermatodactyl in male chelicera curved backward and with round tip (versus spermatodactyl in male chelicera curved upward and with truncate tip in G. praesternaloides), holoventral shield in male well reticulate throughout, usually bearing nine pairs smooth setae in addition to circumanals (versus holoventral shield bearing eight pairs smooth setae in addition to circumanals in G. praesternaloides).

Gaeolaelaps altaiensis Joharchi sp. nov. (Figures 1–21) Type material: Holotype, female, Ulaganskiy Rayon, Chuysky Trakt, Altai Republic, Russia, 50°14’N 87°42’E, 30 July 2020, alt. 1533 m, O. Joharchi coll., in the nest of Lasius sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (in TSUMZ). Paratypes, five females and two males same data as holotype (in TSUMZ). Diagnosis (adult female). Dorsal shield with distinct reticulation posterior to j6, narrowing from level of setae r3, progressively tapering until s6, then more or less parallel-sided from r6 to level of S4 until rounded posteriorly; with 37 pairs of smooth setae (except J4, J5, Z5, sparsely barbed), z3 and S1 absent. Presternal area lightly sclerotised, punctate, with a few transverse curved lines, sternal shield with reticulate ornamentation laterally, smooth (or faintly reticulated) medially, anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin more or less straight; ratio of shield length/width ≃ 0.86. Genital shield length/width ratio ≃ 2.5, faintly reticulated posterior to inverted-V ridge with 5–6 cells. Anal shield length/width ratio ≃ 1. Opisthosomal integument with eight pairs of smooth setae, peritremes short, reaching to mid-level of coxae II. Tarsus IV with two (pd2, pd3) macrosetae. Fixed digit of chelicera with seven teeth. Description. Female (n=6) (Figures 1–13, 16–19) Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 1, 7–8). Dorsal shield 445–465 long, 228–250 wide, covering most of dorsal idiosoma; distinct reticulation posterior to j6 (Figs 1, 7–8). Shield narrowing from level of setae r3, progressively tapering until s6, then subparallel from r6 to level of S4 until rounded posteriorly and with 37 pairs of setae; 21 pairs of podonotal setae, z3 absent, 16 pairs of opisthonotal setae, including two pairs of Zx setae, S1 absent and r6 on lateral soft cuticle. All setae smooth (28–38) except J4, J5, Z5, sparsely barbed, see Fig. 1, j1 (22–24), z1 (25–27), Z5 (54–56) (Figs 1, 7–8). Shield with about 20 pairs of discernible pore-like structures, including 16 poroids (id1, id2, id4–id6, idm-idm6, is1, idx, idl1, idl3, idl4) and four gland openings (gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9), others indistinct, see Figures 1, 7–8. Ventral idiosoma (Figs 2, 9–10). Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae (79–82), fused basally (2–4), columnar base 25–27 × 12–14 wide; presternal area lightly sclerotised, punctate, with a few transverse curved lines, sternal shield length 119–122, maximum width 137–141, narrowest between coxae II (85–92), with reticulate ornamentation laterally, central part smooth or faintly reticulated (Fig. 10), posterior margin almost straigh, anterior margin slightly concave; bearing three pairs of smooth setae (st1 32–34, st2 32–34, st3 31–33), never reaching base of next setae, one pair of lyrifissures adjacent to setae st1, and a pair of poroids between st2 and st3; remnants of gland pores gv1 indistinct. Metasternal setae st4 (26–28) and metasternal poroids located on soft integument; metasternal platelets absent. Endopodal plates II/III completely fused to sternal shield, endopodal plates III/IV elongate, narrow and curved, abutting posterioir part of endopodal plates II/III. Genital shield tongue-shaped, slightly expanded posteriorly past setae st5, length 166–180, maximum width 65–70, anterior margin of shield irregularly convex, overlapping posterior area of sternal shield, but not reaching base of setae st3, posterior margin rounded, surface reticulated with irregular longitudinal lines in anterior region, posteriorly with 5–6 faint cells enclosed behind an inverted-V shaped ridge; bearing a pair of simple setae st5 (24–26) (Fig. 10). Shield flanked by two pairs of minute, elongate paragenital platelets; paragenital poroids iv5 located on soft cuticle lateral to shield near seta st5. Anal shield subtriangular, rounded anteriorly, length 68–76, width 68–73, anterior half lineate-reticulate, paraanal setae (27–29) shorter than post-anal seta (35–37), cribrum consisting of a terminal tuft with 3–4 irregular rows of spicules and a pair of anterior arms extending slightly beyond post-anal seta (Figs 2, 9); anal gland pores (gv3) on anterolateral margin of anal shield. Soft opisthogastric cuticle with pair of oval metapodal plates (18–20 long × 5–7 wide), an additional small round metapodal platelet more medially and eight pairs of smooth setae (Jv1–Jv5, Zv1–Zv 3) (23–26), Jv5 (36–38), and six pairs of poroids including iv5 and ivp. Exopodal platelets between coxae II–III subtriangular, those behind coxae III–IV and parapodal platelets fused, curved, extending narrowly behind coxae IV, surrounding coxa IV, gland pores gv2 on parapodal platelets (Figs 2, 9). Peritreme extending anteriorly to mid-level of coxa II; peritrematal shield narrow, expanded anteriorly, fused to dorsal shield behind setae z1 level, free from exopodal shields, bearing five pore-like structures, a lyrifissure ip and a gland pore gp at level near coxae II–III, two lyrifissures ip and a gland pore gp on post-stigmatic section (Figs 2, 9). Gnathosoma (Figs 3–6, 11–12). Epistome subtriangular and irregularly denticulate (Fig. 5). Hypostomal groove with six transverse rows of denticles, each row with 7–12 small denticles, with smooth anterior and posterior transverse lines, groove very slightly wider anteriorly. Hypostome with four pairs of setae, internal posterior hypostomal setae h3 (31–33), h1 (28–30), h2 (20–22), palpcoxal setae (pc) (23–25) (Figs 3, 11). Corniculi robust and horn-like, extending slightly beyond palptrochanter. Supralabral process with apically tri-tined anterior projection (Fig. 4). Internal malae with one pair of smooth median projections, flanked by lobes with fimbriate anterior margin; labrum with pilose surface (Figs 3, 11). Chaetotaxy of palps (Fig. 12): trochanter 2, femur 5, genu 6, tibia 14, tarsus 15, all setae smooth and needle-like except al1 and al2 on palpgenu thickened, paddle-like and al on palp palpfemur thickened, d3 inserted on small tubercles, palp tarsal apotele two-tined (Fig. 12). Fixed digit of chelicera with an offset distal tooth (gabelzahn), followed by six variously sized teeth, a setaceous pilus dentilis, dorsal cheliceral setae prostrate, arthrodial membrane with a rounded flap and normal filaments; cheliceral lyrifissures distinct; movable digit with two relatively large teeth (Fig. 6). Legs (Figs 16–19). Legs II (293–297) and III (245–250) short, I (427–434) and IV (380–390) longer. Chaetotaxy normal for free-living Laelapidae: Leg I (Fig. 16): coxa 0–0/1, 0/1–0, trochanter 1–1/1, 0/2–1 (al thickened), femur 2–2/1, 3/3–2 (ad1, pd2, pd3 slightly thickened), genu 2–3/2, 3/1–2, tibia 2–3/2, 3/1–2. Leg II (Fig. 17): coxa 0–0/1, 0/1–0, trochanter 1–0/2, 0/1–1, femur 2–3/1, 2/2–1 (pd1 longer), genu 2–3/1, 2/1–2 (av thickened, pd2 longer), tibia 2–2/1, 2/1–2 (all ventral setae thickened). Leg III (Fig. 18): coxa 0–0/1, 0/1–0, trochanter 1–1/1, 0/2–0, femur 1–2/1, 1/0–1 (all dorsal setae thickened), genu 2–2/1, 2/1–1, tibia: 2–1/1, 2/1–1 (all ventral setae thickened). Leg IV (Fig. 19): coxa 0–0/1, 0/0–0, trochanter 1–1/1, 0/2–0, femur 1–2/1, 1/0–1 (ad2 and pd thickened; ad1 longest), genu 2–2/1, 3/0–1, tibia 2–1/1, 3/1–2 (pv thickened). Tarsi II-IV with 18 setae (3– 3/2, 3/2–3 + mv, md); with thickened some ventral and lateral setae, see Figures 17–19. Tarsus IV with two noticeably long setae (macrosetae), pd2, pd3 (60–63) significantly longer than others, pl2, pl3 thick and blunt. All pretarsi with well-developed paired claws, rounded pulvilli and normal ambulacral stalk. Insemination structures (Fig. 13). Laelapid-type sperm access system, tubulus long, wider at the solenostome level, mesad of coxa III, and entering sacculus. Proximal ends of the tubulus swollen at junction with ramus, leading to droplet-shaped sacculus. Description. Male (n= 2). (Figures 14–15, 20–21) Dorsal idiosoma. Dorsal shield 354–358 long, 208–213 wide; ornamentation and chaetotaxy as in female. Ventral idiosoma (Figs 14, 20). Sternal, genital, endopodal, ventral and anal shields fused into holoventral shield, 305–308 long from anterior to posterior margins of shield, (79–82) wide at level of st2, (82–84) at st3 level and (141–145) at broadest point (behind parapodals), anterolateral edges of shield fused to endopodals between coxae I–II; shield surface weakly reticulate, more distinct distinct behind st5, with five pairs smooth sternal setae (st1–5), and three pairs of smooth ventral setae (Jv1, Zv1, Zv2), plus three smooth circumanal setae, post-anal seta (27–29) longer and slightly thicker than para-anals (21–23), with five pairs of poroids and a pair of gland pores (gv3) on lateral margins of shield at anterior level of anal opening, iv1 slit-like; gland pore gv2 behind coxa IV not discerned; cribrum with 3–4 irregular rows of spicules, restricted to region posterior to post-anal seta; metapodal platelets narrow and fused to shield, occasionally one side free. Soft opisthogastric cuticle with two pairs of simple setae, and four pairs of poroids. Peritremes and peritrematal shields similar to those in female (Figs 14, 20). Gnathosoma. Epistome and subcapitulum similar to female. Fixed digit of chelicera with an offset distal tooth (gabelzahn), followed by 4–5 variously sized teeth and slender pilus dentilis. Movable digit of chelicera unidentate, spermadactyl stout, curved upward, with a large distal knob, and its free section more or less as long as movable digit (Figs 15, 21); fringed hyaline arthrodial process at base of movable digit (Figs 15, 21). Palps similar to those of female. Legs. Chaetotaxy as in female. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the name of the region (Altai Mountains) in which the type locality occurs. Notes. In most species of Gaeolaelaps the dorsal shield has 39 pairs of simple setae, including two pairs of Zx setae, the peritremes usually reach anteriorly to the level of coxae I. Setae z3 are occasionally absent, S1 is rarely absent as in G. altaiensis, and sometimes the peritremes are short, ending near the middle of coxae II (as in G. altaiensis) or even shorter, reaching to the anterior level of coxa III (e.g. G. heteroceri Trach, 2016). In the key to Gaeolaelaps species with short peritremes provided in Vatankhah et al. (2016), this species came to couplet 12, but the uncommon character state of 21 pairs of podonotal setae makes couplet choice problematic. According to Vatankhah et al. (2016), the combination of short peritremes (reaching to middle of coxa II) and a dorsal shield with 37 pairs of setae occurs in only three described species of Gaeolaelaps: G. vertisimilis (Karg, 1994), G. verticis (Karg, 1979), G. zhoumanshuae (Ma, 1997). In both G. verticis and G. zhoumanshuae setae z3 is present and setae s1–2 and Zx are absent, while in G. altaiensis setae z3 and S1 are absent. Gaeolaelaps altaiensis resembles G. vertisimilis (couplet 12 in the identification key to Gaeolaelaps species with short peritremes provided by Vatankhah et al., 2016), due to the dorsal shield having 37 pairs of setae (z3 absent) and without R series setae on lateral cuticle of dorsal shield. Gaeolaelaps altaiensis differs from vertisimilis by having 16 pairs of setae on opisthonotal region of dorsal shield (including two pairs Zx setae, S1 absent), while in G. vertisimilis opisthonotal region of dorsal shield has 18 pairs of setae (including two pairs Zx setae, S1 and R5 present on dorsal shield). Gaeolaelaps nolli (Karg, 1962), G. kargi (Costa, 1968) and G. praesternalis (Willmann, 1949) may be similar to G. altaiensis in general appearance, but G. kargi and G. praesternalis have a long peritremes nearly extending to coxa I and G. nolli having 39 pairs of setae on dorsal shield. Overall G. altaiensis can be easily distinguished from all other members of Gaeolaelaps with short peritremes (See Vatankhah et al., 2016) by the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal shield with distinct reticulation posterior to j6, narrowing from level of setae r3 and with 37 pairs of setae (z3 and S1 absent); (2) palptarsal claw two-tined; (3) peritremes short (ending near middle of coxae II); (4) tarsus and femur IV with two (pd2, pd3) and one (ad1) elongated setae, respectively; (5) fixed digit of chelicera with seven teeth.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) caucasicus (Abbasova) ve Neoseiulus reductus (Wainstein) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Tokat Gökal platosundaki çilek bitkilerinden (1450m yüksekte) toplanan örneklere göre yeniden tanımlanmış ve çizimleri verilmiştir. Typhlodromus (A.) caucasicus, Türkiye akar faunası için yeni kayıt niteliğindedir. Ek olarak, bu çalışmada N. reductus bireyleri üzerinde yapılan incelemeler, orijinal ve bazı yeniden tanımların aksine bu türün dorsal plakasının ağsı yapıda olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bu türün Türkiye'den daha önce yapılan bazı çalışmalarda N. cucumeris (Oudemans) olarak bildirilmiş olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Peritremlerin göreceli uzunluğu ve pre-anal solenotomların şekli, N. reductus ve N. cucumeris arasındaki farklar arasındadır. Bu çalışmada sunulan yeniden tanımlamalar, N. reductus ve T. (A.) caucasicus'un doğru teşhis edilebilmeleri açısından önemlidir., Two predatory mite species, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) caucasicus (Abbasova) and Neoseiulus reductus (Wainstein) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are re-described and illustrated, based on specimens collected from strawberry plants on Gökal Plateau at 1450 meters above sea level in Tokat Province, Turkey. Typhlodromus (A.) caucasicus is a new record for the Turkish mite fauna. In addition, our examination revealed that N. reductus has a reticulated dorsal shield, as opposed to a smooth dorsal shield in its original description and in some re-descriptions. Apparently, the reticulation on the dorsal shield was not taken into consideration in some of the previous descriptions. Furthermore, this species may have been reported as N. cucumeris (Oudemans) in some previous studies from Turkey. The relative length of peritremes and the shape of pre-anal solenotomes are among the differences between N. reductus and N. cucumeris. The re-descriptions provided in this study are important for the further diagnosis of N. reductus and T. (A.) caucasicus.

The monotypic genus Iphiseius is represented by only Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). This species, which is one of the most common predatory mites in citrus orchards in Mediterranean countries, is an important biological control agent of various pests that include thrips, whiteflies and spider mites. This species was included in a brief report of the Turkish fauna some 50 years ago. However, there was no morphological information, illustrations or collection details of the examined specimens, except for its host plant, sour lemon, and an unknown locality in Mersin Province, Turkey. Since that time, extensive surveys conducted in citrus plantations in both Mersin and Adana Provinces have not confirmed its presence. However, in 2008, 2011 and 2013, a natural population of I. degenerans was encountered in Anıtlı town, near the border with Antalya Province, where it was associated with thrips on a non-cultivated host, Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae). In this study, we re-describe I. degenerans, based on both female and male specimens, and provide all morphological details. The DNAs of the specimens were successfully isolated and amplified using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene marker by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the DNA sequence of the amplified region, as well as other sequences deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The phylogenetic tree and genetic divergence were constructed and estimated, respectively, using the Jukes and Cantor models, respectively. There were no morphological differences in comparison to other populations of I. degenerans. This result was confirmed by the molecular study as no genetic divergence with other populations was found. The results of this study will be useful for further systematic studies on theTurkish Phytoseiidae, and would also help non-expert, phytoseiid taxonomists to correctly identify I. degenerans., Iphiseius cinsi sadece Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) tarafından temsil edilen monotipik bir cinstir. Bu tür Akdeniz ülkeleri turunçgil bahçelerinde bulunan en yaygın avcı akarlardan biri olup, kırmızıörümcek, beyazsinek ve thrips gibi birçok zararlının biyolojik mücadelesinde kullanılan önemli bir doğal düşmandır. Bu türün Türkiye faunası için varlığı yaklaşık 50 yıl önce Mersin ilinde limon ağaçlarında saptanmış morfolojik özelliklere ve çizimlere yer verilmeden kısaca bildirilmiştir. Ancak daha sonra Adana ve Mersin illeri turunçgil bahçelerinde yapılan kapsamlı sörvey çalışmalarında bu türe rastlanılmamıştır. Iphiseius degenerans’ın doğal populasyonu Mersin ili Anıtlı köyünde thrips ile bulaşık Hedara helix (Araliaceae) bitkileri üzerinde 2008, 2011 ve 2013 yıllarında saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, I. degenerans’ın tanısı erkek ve dişi bireyler üzerinden yeniden yapılmış ve bütün morfolojik özellikleri modern tanımlamalara göre verilmiştir. Avcı akarın DNA’sı ITS gen bölgesine ait primer kullanılarak PZR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) ile elde edilmiş ve çoğaltılmıştır. Filogenetik ağaç, çalışmada elde edilen sekanslar ve NCBI gen bankasında depolanan sekanslar kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Filogenetik ağaç ve genetik uzaklık Jukes & Cantor modeline göre oluşturulmuş ve hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre I. degenerans’n Türkiye populasyonu ile diğer populasyonlar arasında herhangi bir morfolojik farklılık gözlemlenmemiştir. Morfolojik olarak saptanan bu sonuç moleküler yöntemler ile desteklenmiş ve yapılan filogenetik analizlerde tüm I. degenerans türleri aynı grup içerisinde yer almıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları Türkiye’de klasik yöntemler ile yapılan phytoseiid teşhislerinin desteklenmesi açısından fayda sağlayacak, ayrıca uzman olmayan araştırıcıların teşhis yapabilmelerine yardımcı olacaktır.

Eharius karuti sp. nov. (Figures 1–6) Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the kuznetzovi species group as defined by Chant & McMurtry (2003), because setae JV4 are present. Dorsal shield reticulated; bearing three pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6, and gd9). Dorsal setae j3, z2, z4, Z1, Z4, Z5, s4, S2, and sub-lateral setae r3 serrated in their apical half and each has a small apical knob. Remaining dorsal setae smooth and sharp pointed. Peritreme short, extending to level of z4 setae. Genu II with eight setae; one pair of solenostomes posteromedian to JV2; sternal shield with three pairs of setae; fixed digit of chelicera with two teeth and movable digit without teeth. Female (n=11). Dorsum (Figure 1). Dorsal setal pattern 10A:8C (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield oval with a waist at level of R1, sclerotised, strongly reticulated, lines running parallel to length of the shield. Shield with three pairs of rounded solenostomes (gd2, gd6 and gd9). Muscle-marks (sigilla) visible on podosoma, length of dorsal shield (j1–J5) 318 (310–325), width (distance between bases of s4) 147 (140–155), width (distance between bases of S2) 161 (155–165). Dorsal setae j3, z2, z4, Z1, Z4, Z5, s4, S2, and sub-lateral setae r3, which are longer than 40 µm, serrated in their apical half, each with a small apical knob. Other dorsal setae shorter than 20 µm, smooth and sharp pointed. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 16 (15–18), j3 41 (40–43), j4 17 (16– 19), j5 13 (13–14), j6 16 (13–18), J2 16 (15–18), J5 6 (5–7), z2 41 (40–43), z4 43 (40–45), z5 13 (13–15), Z1 41 (38–43), Z4 41 (38–44), Z5 41 (40–43), s4 53 (50–54), S2 50 (50–53), S5 8 (7–10), r3 45 (43–46) and R1 18 (17– 19). Peritreme. Short, and extending to level of setae z4. Venter (Figure 2). Ventral setal pattern 13 JV -3: ZV -3. Sternal shield smooth, lightly sclerotised; bearing three pairs of setae (ST1, ST2 and ST3) and two pairs of pores (Pst1 and Pst2); length (ST1–ST3) 67 (65–70), width (distance between setae ST2) 53 (50–55); metasternal setae ST4 and a pair of pores (Pst3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth; width at level of genital setae (ST5) 51 (49–53). Ventrianal shield elongated with a waist at level of pre-anal pores; conspicuously wider at anus level than at level of setae JV1; transverse striations are visible in pre-anal and anal area. In most specimens, the ventrianal shield has three pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2 and ZV2), but in two paratype specimens, seta ZV2 was outside the shield on the left side. A pair of para-anal (Pa) and a post-anal setae (Pst); a pair of small pores (gv3) posterior to JV2, distance between pre-anal pores 22, and muscle-marks posterolaterally. Length of ventrianal shield 98 (95–100), width at level of setae JV1 47 (45–50), width at level of anus 59 (55–63). Setae ZV1, JV4 and JV5 and seven pairs of pores on integument surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 smooth 16 (15–18) in length; not markedly longer than other ventral setae. CheliCera (Figure 3). Fixed digit 23 long with two apical teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 20 long without tooth. A membranous structure known as the gnathobrachium is present between the gnathosoma and idiosoma (Figure 6). SPermatheCa (Figure 4). Calyx cup-shaped 6 (5–8) in length; atrium knobbed; major duct long; minor duct visible. Legs (Figure 5). Length of legs (basis of coxae to basis of claws): leg I 253 (245–260); leg II 202 (190–220); leg III 177 (165–185); leg IV 248 (245–250). GeII, GeIII and GeIV with eight, seven and seven setae, respectively; StIV with a short macroseta 15 in length. Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype female and seven paratype females, Kovada Lake National Park, Isparta Province, October 25, 2016, on Phlomis sp. (Lamiaceae), three paratype females, June 2, 2017, on the same host and locality. The holotype female and 9 paratype females are deposited in the mite collection of the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. One female paratype will be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Etymology. This new species is named in honor of Prof. Dr. Kamil Karut (Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, Adana, Turkey), a prominent whitefly specialist. Remarks. This new species belongs to the kuznetzovi species group, because setae JV4 are present. Differences between Eharius karuti and the other members of the kuznetzovi species group are given in Table 1 and Table 2. In their revision of the tribe Kampimodromini Kolodochka, Chant & McMurtry (2003) mentioned that Eharius species do not have the dorsal setae serrated but rather setiform and whip-like (except for Z5). However, this new species has dorsal setae j3, z2, z4, Z1, Z4, Z5, s4, S2, and r3 serrated in their apical half and knobbed apically. Many other morphological characters such as the absence of S4 and ZV3, dorsal reticulation running parallel to length of the shield, cup-shaped calyx of spermatheca, short peritreme, a few teeth on fixed digit, and smooth movable digit, are identical to the genus Eharius. a from 11 specimens; b from 10 specimens; c from Döker et al. (2017); d from Swirski et al. (1998) and Kolodochka (1995); e from Kolodochka (1995); f from Arutunjan (1969) and Kolodochka (1995). a from 11 specimens; b from 10 specimens; c from Döker et al. (2017); d from Kolodochka (1979); e from Kolodochka (1995); f from Arutunjan (1969).

Eharius stathakisi sp. nov. (Figures 7–12) Diagnosis. This new species also belongs to the kuznetzovi species group as defined by Chant & McMurtry (2003) because setae JV4 are present. Dorsal shield slightly reticulated; bearing three pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6 and gd9). Dorsal setae smooth and whip-like except for Z5 which is slightly serrated, and except for r3, Z4, Z5 which are knobbed apically. Peritreme short, reaching to level of z4. Genu II with eight setae; ventrianal shield conspicuously wider at anus level than at level of JV1; one pair of solenostomes posterior to JV2; sternal shield with three pairs of setae; fixed digit of chelicera with two teeth and movable digit without teeth. Female (n=10). Dorsum (Figure 7). Dorsal setal pattern 10A:8C (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield oval with a waist at level of Z1, sclerotised and slightly reticulated, with reticulation more apparent between setae Z1 and Z5. Shield with three pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6 and gd9), gd2 prominent, others are rounded. Muscle-marks (sigilla) visible on podosoma, length of dorsal shield (j1–J5) 288 (283–293), width (distance between bases of s4) 106 (103–108), width (distance between bases of S2) 133 (130–135). All dorsal setae smooth and whip-like except for Z5 which is slightly serrated. Setae r3, Z4 and Z5 knobbed apically, others are sharp pointed. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 12 (11–13), j3 26 (25–28), j4 17 (16–19), j5 15 (14–17), j6 10 (9–11), J2 19 (17–20), J5 6 (5–6), z2 29 (28–30), z4 34 (33–36), z5 16 (14–17), Z1 25 (24–27), Z4 29 (28–31), Z5 28 (26–30), s4 34 (32–36), S2 29 (27–30), S5 9 (8–10), r3 32 (30–33) and R1 15 (14–16). Peritreme. Short, reaching to level of z4. Venter (Figures 8, 12). Ventral setal pattern 13 JV -3: ZV -3. Sternal shield smooth, lightly sclerotised, posterior margin of the shield is not visible in some specimens, but if visible, the shield bears three pairs of setae (ST1, ST2 and ST3) and two pairs of pores (Pst1 and Pst2); length (ST1–ST3) 68 (65–70), width (distance between setae ST2) 43 (41–45); metasternal setae ST4 and a pair of pores (Pst3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth; width at level of genital setae (ST5) 41 (40–42). Ventrianal shield elongated with a waist at level of pre-anal pores; conspicuously wider at anus level than at level of setae JV1; transverse striations are visible in pre-anal area, in most specimens three pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2 and ZV2) were observed. However, four different forms of ventrianal shield (VAS), in terms of insertion of setae ZV2; (a) both sides inserted on VAS, (b) both sides outside VAS, (c) left side outside of VAS; and (d) right side outside of VAS. A pair of para-anal (Pa) and a post-anal setae (Pst); a pair of small pores (gv3) posterior to JV2, distance between pre-anal pores 17, and muscle-marks posterolaterally. Length of ventrianal shield 81 (75–84), width at level of setae JV1 31 (30–33), width at level of anus 52 (50–54). Setae ZV1, JV4 and JV5 and eight pairs of pores on integument surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 smooth 12 (11–13) in length; not markedly longer than other ventral setae. CheliCera (Figure 9). Fixed digit 23 long with two apical teeth and Pilus dentilis; movable digit 20 long without teeth. Gnathobrachium is present between the gnathosoma and idiosoma. SPermatheCa (Figure 10). Calyx cup-shaped 6 (5–8) in length; atrium knobbed; major duct long; minor duct visible. Legs (Figure 11). Length of legs (basis of coxae to basis of claws): leg I 225 (220–230); leg II 185 (180–190); leg III 165 (163–165); leg IV 205 (200–210). GeII, GeIII and GeIV with eight, seven and seven setae, respectively; Leg IV without macrosetae. Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype female and six paratype females, roadside between Yayladağı and Samandağ Municipalities, Antakya Province, October 17, 2016, on Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae), three paratype females, Yenikonacik village, Pozantı, Adana Province, April 23, 2017 on the same host. The holotype female and eight paratype females are deposited in the mite collection of the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. One female paratype will be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Theodoros I. Stathakis (Agricultural University of Athens, Faculty of Crop Science, Greece) for his contribution to the systematics of the family Phytoseiidae. Remarks. By having JV4 setae, this new species also belongs to the kuznetzovi species group. Differences between Eharius stathakisi and related species are given in Table 1 and Table 2.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) karaisaliensis Döker & Kazak sp. nov. (Figures 6–10) Diagnosis. The dorsal shield is reticulated, bearing three pairs of solenostomes. All dorsal setae are smooth except for Z4 and Z5; peritreme extending to level of setae j3; sternal shield with two pairs of setae; ventrianal shield with four pairs of pre-anal setae and with pre-anal solenostomes; fixed digit of chelicera with three teeth and movable digit with one tooth; calyx of spermatheca bell-shaped and atrium incorporated with the calyx; genu II with eight setae. Female (n=11). Dorsum (Figure 6) Dorsal setal pattern 12A:8A (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield oval with waist at level of R1, sclerotised, reticulated and bearing three pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6 and gd9), ten pairs of small pores (sensilla). Muscle marks (sigilla) visible, mostly on podosoma, length of dorsal shield (j1–J5) 338 (335–340), width (distance between bases of s4) 154 (153–155), width (distance between bases of S2) 173 (170– 175). All dorsal setae smooth except for Z4 and Z5, which are slightly serrated. Measurements of dorsal setae: j1 26 (25–28), j3 40 (38–43), j4 24 (23–25), j5 27 (25–30), j6 33, J2 36 (33–38), J5 11 (10–13), z2 34 (33–35), z3 39 (38–40), z4 38 (35–40), z5 26 (25–28), Z4 52 (50–53), Z5 69 (68–70), s4 45 (43–48), s6 48 (45–50), S2 51 (50–53), S4 43 (40–45), S5 38 (35–40), r3 44 (43–45), and R1 39 (38–40). Peritreme extending to level of setae j3. Venter (Figure 7). Ventral setal pattern 15:JV:ZV. Sternal shield smooth, lightly sclerotised, with two pairs of setae (ST1 and ST2) and two pairs of pores (pst1 and pst2); length (ST1–ST2) 36 (35–38), width (distance between setae ST2) 58 (57–59). Sternal setae ST3 on separate platelets; metasternal setae ST4 and a pair of pores (pst3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth; width at level of genital setae (ST5) 60 (58–63). Ventrianal shield subpentagonal, with rounded edges at level of JV2, pre-anal area striated, with pre-anal pores with four pairs of preanal setae (JV1, JV2, JV3, and ZV2), a pair of para-anal (Pa) and a post-anal setae (Pst), muscle marks posterolaterally. Length of ventrianal shield 110 (108–113), width 94 (93–95). Setae JV4, JV5, ZV1, ZV3, and four pairs of pores on integument surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 smooth, much longer than other ventral setae, 65 (63–68) in length. Chelicera (Figure 8). Fixed digit 29 (28–30) long with three teeth apically and with pilus dentilis; movable digit 29 (28–30) long with one tooth. Spermatheca (Figure 9). Calyx bell-shaped and elongated, flaring distally, 18 (16–19) in length; atrium incorporated with the calyx; major duct broad. Legs (Figure 10). Length of legs (basis of coxae to basis of claws): leg I 313 (310–315); leg II 308 (305–310); leg III 322 (320–325); leg IV 418 (415–420). GeII, GeIII, and GeIV with eight, seven and seven setae, respectively. Leg IV with one short macroseta that does not reach to dorsal slit organ, StIV 34 (33–35) in length. Male. Unknown Type material. Holotype female and nine paratype females, Karaisali, Adana Province, on young seedlings of Quercus cerris (Fagaceae), 21 June 2015; one female paratype, same location on Arbutus unedo (Ericaceae), 23 April 2016 (37°14'34"N, 35°00'09"E, 242 metres above sea level). Etymology. The name of the new species karaisaliensis is derived from Karaisali municipality where it was found. Depository. The holotype female and nine paratype females are deposited in the mite collection of the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. One female paratype will also be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. from 11 specimens; b from Livshitz & Kuznetsov, 1972; c from Kolođochka, 1978; đ from Ke & Xin, 1983; e from Rahmani et al., 2010; f from Beglyarov, 1981. The lower anđ upper limits were calculateđ using the abacus proposeđ by Tixier, 2012. *Contrary to Livshitz & Kuznetsov, 1972, Papađoulis et al. 2009 đescribeđ setae StIV anđ Z5 as subequal in length; this reason the lower anđ upper limits are not calculateđ for StIV for commenticius. Remarks. This new species is similar to T. (A.) commenticius Livshitz & Kuznetsov, 1972, T. (A.) inopinatus (Wainstein, 1975), T. (A.) macrum Ke & Xin, 1983, T. (A.) recki Wainstein, 1958, and T. (A.) repens (Beglyarov, 1981) by having three pairs of solenostomes on the dorsal shield, two pairs of setae on sternal shield, four pairs of pre-anal setae, pre-anal pores present and peritreme associated with setae j3 or z2. Differences between Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) karaisaliensis and related species are given in Table 2. When compared with related species, great majority of dorsal setae are longer in the new species. For comparison of the setal lengths, the abacus proposed by Tixier (2012) was applied to the measurements of the five other species to calculate the lower and the upper limits. The non-overlap 95% confidence limits with the measurements of the new species suggested that this species is different from the others. Most of the dorsal setal measurements are missing in the original description of T. (A.) repens which seems more close to the new species. However, in the new species, measurements of setae z2, Z5 and StIV are out of the range calculated using the abacus. In addition, peritreme of the new species is longer than that of T. (A.) repens. Furthermore, Beglyarov (1981) stated that the macrosetae StIV reached and well past the dorsal slit organ, while it does not reach to that organ in the new species. In addition, Z5 and JV5 are almost subequal in length, (69 and 65, respectively) in the new species. Beglyarov (1981) did not measure JV5 and not include scale bars in the drawings. However, the length of JV5 (probably 24–30?) seem to be almost half the length of Z5 which is only 48 in length. According to the original description, the ventrianal shield of T. (A.) repens has sharp edges at the level of JV2. In the description, T. (A.) commenticius and T. (A.) repens were separated based on the shape of ventrianal shield which is more close to that of T. (A.) commenticius in the new species (having rounded edges instead of sharp edges). In addition, only seta Z5 is serrated in T. (A.) repens while both setae Z4 and Z5 are serrated in the new species. It should also be noted that this new species is also seems to be close to T. (A.) kazachstanicus Wainstein, 1958 which is known for the Turkish fauna. However, it is distinctly different based on both discrete and continuous morphological characters. The new species can be separated from T. (A.) kazachstanicus by having preanal pores, longer peritreme, sharp and shorter (almost 35%) macrosetae StIV and at least 25% longer j3, j5, j6, z3, z4, Z4, s4, s6, S2, S4 and JV5 setae.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) papadoulisi Döker & Kazak sp. nov. (Figures 11–16) Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the pyri species group of Chant & Yoshida-Shaul (1987). The dorsal shield reticulated posteriorly, bearing three pairs of solenostomes all dorsal setae are smooth except for Z4 and Z5; peritreme extending to level of between setae j1–j3; sternal shield with two pairs of setae; ventrianal shield with four pairs of pre-anal setae and without solenostome; fixed digit of chelicera with four teeth and movable digit with one tooth; calyx of spermatheca saccular and atrium incorporated with the calyx; genu II with seven setae. Female (n=3). Dorsum (Figure 11) Dorsal setal pattern 12A:7A (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield oval with waist at level of R1, sclerotised, reticulated posteriorly and bearing three pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6 and gd9), ten pairs of small pores (sensilla). Muscle marks (sigilla) visible, mostly on podosoma, length of dorsal shield (j1– J5) 349 (348–350), width (distance between bases of s4) 174 (173–175), width (distance between bases of S2) 186 (185–188). All dorsal setae smooth except for Z4 and Z5, which are slightly serrated. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 26 (25–28), j3 29 (28–30), j4 19 (18–20), j5 19 (18–20), j6 19 (18–20), J2 21 (20–23), J5 6 (5–7), z2 19 (18–20), z3 24 (23–25), z4 24 (23–25), z5 19 (18–20), Z4 46 (45–48), Z5 69 (68–70), s4 29 (28–30), s6 34 (33– 35), S2 34 (33–35), S4 39 (38–40), r3 29 (28–30), and R1 27 (26–28). Peritreme extending to level of between setae j1–j3, close to j1. Venter (Figure 12). Ventral setal pattern 15:JV:ZV. Sternal shield smooth, lightly sclerotised, with two pairs of setae (ST1 and ST2) and two pairs of pores (pst1 and pst2); length (ST1–ST2) 35 (36–38), width (distance between setae ST2) 56 (54–58). Sternal setae ST3 on separate platelets; metasternal setae ST4 and a pair of pores (pst3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth; width at level of genital setae (ST5) 61 (60–63). Ventrianal shield pentagonal smooth, without pre-anal solenostomes, with four pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2, JV3, and ZV2), a pair of para-anal (Pa) and a post-anal setae (Pst), with muscle marks posterolaterally. Length of ventrianal shield 114 (113–115), width 102 (101–103). Setae JV4, JV5, ZV1, ZV3, and five pairs of pores on integument surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 smooth, much longer than other ventral setae, 54 (53–55) in length. Chelicera (Figure 13). Fixed digit 29 (28–30) long with four teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 29 (28–30) long with one tooth. Spermatheca (Figure 14). Calyx saccular 22 (21–23) in length, flaring distally; atrium incorporated with calyx; major duct broad. Legs (Figure 15). Length of legs (base of coxae to base of claws): leg I 318 (315–320); leg II 278 (276–280); leg III 256 (254–258); leg IV 358 (356–360). GeII, GeIII, and GeIV with seven, seven and seven setae, respectively. Macrosetae GeIV, TiIV, and StIV, 25 (24–26), 25 (24–26) and 51 (50–53) long, respectively. StIV knobbed apically. Male. Unknown Type material. Holotype female and two paratype females, Karaisali, Adana Province, on Salix babylonica (Salicaceae) 21 June 2015 (37°14'00"N, 35°00'47"E, 198 metres above sea level). Etymology. This species is named for Prof. Dr. Georgios Th. Papadoulis for his great contribution to the systematics of the family Phytoseiidae, and his encouragement to the senior author to study taxonomy of Phytoseiidae. Depository. The holotype female and two paratype females are deposited in the mite collection of the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Remarks. By having three pairs of solenostomes (absence of gd8) on the dorsal shield, four pairs of pre-anal setae on ventrianal shield and absence of pre-anal pores, this new species is similar to T. (T.) baccettii Lombardini, 1960, T. (T.) kykladiticus Papadoulis & Emmanouel, 1993, T. (T.) leclanti Kreiter et al., 2016, T. (T.) phylaktioticus Papadoulis & Emmanouel, 1990, T. (T.) pyri Scheuten, 1857 and T. (T.) tubifer Wainstein, 1961. Differences between Typhlodromus (T.) papadoulisi and related species are given in Table 3. It should also be noted that this new species appears close to T. (T.) phialatus Athias-Henriot, 1960 which is known for the Turkish fauna (Döker et al., 2014). However, T. (T.) phialatus bears four pairs of solenostomes on the dorsal shield while the new species has three pairs. In T. (T.) phialatus, the atrium of the spermatheca is not incorporated with the calyx, the atrium small knobbed, there is only one macrosetae on leg IV, Z5 (54) and StIV (38), and only two apical teeth on the fixed digit of the chelicera (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1987; Papadoulis et al. 2009). In contrast to T. (T.) phialatus, in the new species, the atrium of the spermatheca is incorporated with the calyx, and there are three macrosetae on leg IV, Z5 (69) and StIV (51) and four teeth on the fixed digit of the chelicera. phylaktioticus e pyri f tubifer g a from three specimens, b from Chant & Yoshida-Shaul, 1987, c from Papadoulis & Emmanouel, 1993, d from Tixier et al., 2016, e from Papadoulis & Emmanouel, 1990, f; g from Chant & Yoshida-Shaul, 1987.

Eharius denizliensis Döker & Kazak sp. nov. (Figures 1–5) Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the kuznetzovi species group defined by Chant & McMurtry (2003) because setae JV4 are present. Dorsal shield mostly reticulated; bearing four pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6, gd8 and gd9). Dorsal setae smooth and whip-like. Peritreme short, extending to setae level of r3. Genu II with eight setae; one pair of solenostomes posteromedian to JV2; sternal shield with three pairs of setae; fixed digit of chelicera with two teeth and movable digit without teeth. Female (n=3). Dorsum (Figure 1). Dorsal setal pattern 10A:8C (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield oval with a waist at level of Z1, sclerotised and mostly reticulated, bearing four pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6, gd8 and gd9), gd6 crescentic, others are rounded. Muscle-marks (sigilla) visible on podosoma; length of dorsal shield (j1– J5) 291 (288–293), width (distance between bases of s4) 114 (113–115), width (distance between bases of S2) 121 (118–123). All dorsal setae smooth and whip-like. Measurements of dorsal setae: j1 11 (10–13), j3 23 (20–25), j4, j5, j6 12 (10–13), J2 13 (10–15), J5 5, z2 22 (20–23), z4 26 (25–28), z5 14 (13–15), Z1 23 (20–25), Z4 29 (28–30), Z5 33 (30–35), s4 36 (35–38), S2 33 (30–38), S5 10, r3 29 (28–30) and R1 15 (17–18). Peritreme very short and reaching level of sublateral setae r3. a from three specimens; b from Amitai & Swirski, 1980, Swirski et al., 1998, Kolodochka, 1995; c from Kolodochka, 1979, Kolodochka, 1995; d from Kolodochka, 1995. PD: Pilus dentilis Venter (Figure 2). Ventral setal pattern 13 JV-3: ZV-3. Sternal shield smooth, lightly sclerotised, with three pairs of setae (ST1, ST2 and ST3) and two pairs of pores (pst1 and pst2); length (ST1–ST3) 60 (58–62), width (distance between setae ST2) 44 (43–45); metasternal setae ST4 and a pair of pores (pst3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth; width at level of genital setae (ST5) 34 (33–35). Ventrianal shield elongated with a waist, with transverse striations with three pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2 and ZV2), a pair of para-anal (Pa) and a postanal setae (Pst); a pair of pores (gv3) posteromedian to JV2 and muscle-marks posterolaterally. Length of ventrianal shield 78 (75–80), width 42 (40–43). Setae ZV1, JV4 and JV5 and three pairs of pores on integument surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 smooth 13 in length; not markedly longer than other ventral setae such as JV4 and ST1, ST2 and ST3. Chelicera (Figure 3). Fixed digit 23 long with two apical teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 20 long, without teeth. Spermatheca (Figure 4). Calyx cup-shaped 6 (5–8) in length; atrium knobbed; major duct long; minor duct visible. Legs (Figure 5). Length of legs (basis of coxae to basis of claws): leg I 227 (225–230); leg II 191 (188–195); leg III 165 (163–168); leg IV 221 (218–225). GeII, GeIII and GeIV with eight, seven and seven setae, respectively; Leg IV with a very short macrosetae; StIV 15 in length. Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype female and two paratype females, Sirinköy, Denizli Province, 16 September, 2016, on unidentified plant in the family Lamiaceae (37°45'06"N, 29°00'58"E, 713 metres above sea level). Etymology. The name of the new species denizliensis is derived from Denizli Province where it was found. Depository. The holotype female and two paratype females are deposited in the mite collection of the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Remarks. By having JV4 setae, this new species is similar to E. hermonensis Amitai & Swirski, 1980, E. kuznetzovi (Kolodochka, 1979) and E. marzhaniani (Aruntunjan, 1969). Differences between E. denizliensis and the related species are given in Table 1. In their revision for the tribe Kampimodromini Kolodochka, Chant & McMurtry (2003) mentioned that the species of the genus Eharius have no macrosetae on leg IV. However, our observation on the new species indicates the presence such setae on basitarsus IV. As suggested by Papadoulis et al. (2009), we consider these setae as macrosetae because they are noticeably different from the other setae present on the same segment.

Bu çalışmada, Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae)'nin Adana ilinden toplanan 10 farklı popülasyonunun abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat ve pyridaben etkili maddeli akarisitlere karşı direnç düzeyleri biyoassay ve biyokimyasal yöntemler ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu akarisitlerin Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) ve Typhlodromus athiasae (Porath & Swirski) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)'nin farklı biyolojik dönemleri üzerinde yan etkileri belirlenmiştir. Panonychus citri'nin bahçe popülasyonlarında belirlenen LC50 değerleri hassas popülasyon ile karşılaştırıldığında, abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat ve pyridaben için sırasıyla 2.818-34.822, 1.221-18.359, 1.239-40. 438, 1.760-27.505 ve 2.244-75.066 kat direnç saptanmıştır. Popülasyonlarda saptanan toplam esteraz ve glutatyon s-transferaz enzim aktivite değerleri ise 15.856-43.268, ve 2.076-5.293 mOD/min/mg protein arasında değişkenlik göstermiştir. Denemelerde kullanılan tüm akarisitlerin T. athiasae'ye karşı toksik olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca abamectin ve pyridaben A. swirskii'ye, abamectin, etoxazole ve pyridaben E. scutalis'e toksik olarak belirlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Panonychus citri, Phytoseiidae, direnç, yan etki, Adana In this study, resistance status of 10 different Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations collected from Adana province were determined against abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and pyridaben using bioassay and biochemical methods. In addition, side effects of these acaricides were also determined on different biological stages of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) and Typhlodromus athiasae (Porath & Swirski) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Based on the LC50 values of susceptible and orchard populations of P. citri, resistance ratios changed between 2.818-34.822, 1.221-18.359, 1.239-40.438, 1.760-27.505 and 2.244-75.066 fold for abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and pyridaben, respectively. Total esterase and glutathion s-transferase enzyme activities determined in the populations, changed between 15.856-43.268, and 2.076-5.293 mOD/min/mg protein. All the acaricides used in the experiments were found to be toxic againist T. athiasae. While, abamectin and pyridaben were determined as toxic to A. swirskii, abamectin, etoxazole and pyridaben were toxic to E. scutalis.Key Words: Panonychus citri, Phytoseiidae, direnç, yan etki, Adana 126

TEZ13240 Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2017. Kaynakça (s. 93-107) var. XV, 109 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm. Bu çalışmada, Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae)’nin Adana ilinden toplanan 10 farklı popülasyonunun abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat ve pyridaben etkili maddeli akarisitlere karşı direnç düzeyleri biyoassay ve biyokimyasal yöntemler ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu akarisitlerin Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) ve Typhlodromus athiasae (Porath & Swirski) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’nin farklı biyolojik dönemleri üzerinde yan etkileri belirlenmiştir. Panonychus citri’nin bahçe popülasyonlarında belirlenen LC50 değerleri hassas popülasyon ile karşılaştırıldığında, abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat ve pyridaben için sırasıyla 2.818-34.822, 1.221-18.359, 1.239-40. 438, 1.760-27.505 ve 2.244-75.066 kat direnç saptanmıştır. Popülasyonlarda saptanan toplam esteraz ve glutatyon s-transferaz enzim aktivite değerleri ise 15.856-43.268, ve 2.076-5.293 mOD/min/mg protein arasında değişkenlik göstermiştir. Denemelerde kullanılan tüm akarisitlerin T. athiasae’ye karşı toksik olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca abamectin ve pyridaben A. swirskii’ye, abamectin, etoxazole ve pyridaben E. scutalis’e toksik olarak belirlenmiştir. In this study, resistance status of 10 different Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations collected from Adana province were determined against abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and pyridaben using bioassay and biochemical methods. In addition, side effects of these acaricides were also determined on different biological stages of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) and Typhlodromus athiasae (Porath & Swirski) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Based on the LC50 values of susceptible and orchard populations of P. citri, resistance ratios changed between 2.818-34.822, 1.221-18.359, 1.239-40.438, 1.760-27.505 and 2.244-75.066 fold for abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and pyridaben, respectively. Total esterase and glutathion s-transferase enzyme activities determined in the populations, changed between 15.856-43.268, and 2.076-5.293 mOD/min/mg protein. All the acaricides used in the experiments were found to be toxic againist T. athiasae. While, abamectin and pyridaben were determined as toxic to A. swirskii, abamectin, etoxazole and pyridaben were toxic to E. scutalis. Bu Çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje no: FDK-2016-6140.