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In this report, a polytetrahydrofuran-coated polyester fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) for the determination of doxycycline in human urine was described. The sol-gel polytetrahydrofuran sorbent proved to be superior against other sol-gel coated cellulose and polyester membranes tested. The effect of the extraction parameters including membrane surface area, sample pH and volume, salt concentration, extraction time, stirring rate, etc., on the extraction efficiency of the analyte was studied using the "one-factor-at-a-time" (OFAT) and Box–Behnken design approaches. The analytical method proposed was validated in compliance with FDA guidelines for bioanalytical procedures. The method was linear in the determination range of 100–5000 ng/mL with the determination coefficient of 0.9953. The limit of detection (LOD) and the lower limit of quantification for doxycycline was 17 and 100 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recoveries for intra-day and inter-day studies ranged from 98.5–112.2% and 89.6–96.8%, respectively. The relative standard deviation was lower than 14.7% in all cases, exhibiting good precision. The sol-gel polytetrahydrofuran-modified FPSE membranes were reusable for at least 30 times. The greenness of the developed method was evaluated using Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) metric tools. Finally, the analytical scheme was successfully employed for the quantitation of urinary doxycycline collected at various time points following the administration of doxycycline-containing tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribocatalysis is an emerging advanced oxidation process that utilizes the triboelectric effect, based on friction between dissimilar materials to produce charges that can initiate various catalytic reactions. In this study, pure and rare-earth-modified ZnO powders (La2O3, Eu2O3, 2 mol %) were demonstrated as efficient tribocatalysts for the removal of the tetracycline antibiotic doxycycline (DC). While the pure ZnO samples achieved 49% DC removal within 24 h at a stirring rate of 100 rpm, the addition of Eu2O3 increased the removal efficiency to 67%, and La2O3-modified ZnO powder exhibited the highest removal efficiency, reaching 80% at the same stirring rate. Additionally, increasing the stirring rate to 300 and 500 rpm led to 100% DC removal in the ZnO/La case within 18 h, with the pronounced effect of the stirring rate confirming the tribocatalytic effect. All tribocatalysts exhibited excellent recycling properties, with less than a 3% loss of activity over three cycles. Furthermore, a scavenger assay confirmed the importance of superoxide radical generation for the overall reaction rate. The results of this investigation indicate that the rare-earth-modified ZnO tribocatalysts can effectively utilize mechanical energy to decompose pollutants in contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in many species. Prior to the use of any antibacterial agent in veterinary medicine, pharmacokinetic studies in the target species are required to determine an optimal dosing regimen to prevent the selection of resistant bacteria and to ensure therapeutic success. To date, information on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in lactating goats is very scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the disposition kinetics and the excretion in milk of doxycycline after intravenous and intramuscular administration in dairy goats. Volumes of distribution were found to be medium, which suggests a moderate distribution of this antibiotic in tissues. After intramuscular administration, all goats developed lameness, which resolved 24–48 h post-administration. The bioavailability of doxycycline after IM injection was relatively low. Doxycycline rapidly crossed the blood–milk barrier, but exposure to the antimicrobial and the concentrations reached in milk were lower than those obtained in plasma. Therefore, doxycycline IM could be useful for infections by highly susceptible bacteria in the mammary gland of goats. Doxycycline is a second-generation tetracycline, marketed in different species for treating infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in lactating goats. The objective of this study was to establish the disposition kinetics of doxycycline after parenteral administration (intravenous and intramuscular) in dairy goats and its elimination in milk. A cross-over model was designed (n = 6). Doxycycline was dosed at 5 mg/kg for intravenous administration and 20 mg/kg for extravascular administrations. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic methods were used to calculate plasma concentration–time data. The Vz value suggests a moderate distribution of this antibiotic in goats, with a value of 0.85 L/kg. A low bioavailability (F = 45.60%) of doxycycline following an intramuscular injection was observed, with all animals exhibiting signs of lameness. Doxycycline rapidly crossed the blood–milk barrier, but exposure to the antimicrobial and the concentrations reached in milk were lower than those obtained in plasma. Although PK/PD ratios may be low with the pharmacokinetic data obtained with this formulation of doxycycline, at this dose and route of administration, doxycycline after IM administration could be useful for infections by moderate or highly susceptible bacteria in the mammary gland of goats. However, it may be necessary to test different doses of doxycycline or other routes of administration to achieve better surrogate markers and to establish repeated dosing regimens and clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Scrub typhus is the most common rickettsial disease in India, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chigger mites. Previously prevalent in South India, a resurgence of scrub typhus cases has recently affected Eastern India. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and describe the clinicolaboratory profile of scrub typhus in paediatric patients (1-12 years old) living in Eastern India. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from January to December 2019 at the Dr B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Kolkata, India. All acute undifferentiated cases of febrile illness, in patients aged between 1-12 years, were tested using scrub typhus serology by ELISA. Demographic details, clinical features, laboratory findings, complications and treatment outcomes of these scrub typhus patients were extracted and analysed. Results: Out of 1,473 patients with acute febrile illness, 67 (4.5%) children were diagnosed with scrub typhus. The mean age of the selected patients was 5.22 ± 3.05 years, and the majority (64.2%) had been running a fever since the preceding 7-14 days. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting (43.3%) and abdominal pain (32.8%) were most frequently observed. Major clinical signs of scrub typhus were hepatomegaly (41.8%) and splenomegaly (31.3%). Complications were observed in 74.6% of patients, with thrombocytopenia (40.3%) and meningoencephalitis (29.9%) occurring more frequently. The case fatality rate of the study sample was 1.5%. Conclusion: Classical eschar was absent in three-fourth of the studied patients. Hence, this study advocates laboratory scrub typhus tests for all suspected cases in the endemic region (Eastern India). Prompt treatment with doxycycline and/or azithromycin could prevent complications such as thrombocytopenia/meningoencephalitis and reduce mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3D nanopatterned silica shells of diatoms have gained attention as drug delivery vehicles because of their high porosity, extensive surface area, and compatibility with living organisms. Tooth extraction may result in various complications, including impaired blood clotting, desiccation of the root canal, and infection. Therapeutic sponges that possess multiple properties, such as the ability to stop bleeding and kill bacteria, provide numerous advantages for the healing of the area where a tooth has been removed. This study involved the fabrication of a composite material with antibacterial and hemostatic properties for dental extraction sponges. We achieved this by utilizing the porous nature and hemostatic capabilities of diatom biosilica. The antibiotic used was doxycycline. The gelatin-based diatom biosilica composite with antibiotics had the ability to prevent bleeding and release the antibiotic over a longer time compared to gelatin sponge. These properties indicate its potential as a highly promising medical device for facilitating rapid healing following tooth extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nitrogen-doped activated carbon (NAC) with high specific area (3140.76 m2·g− 1) derived from pomelo peel was prepared using hydrothermal carbonization, nitrogen doping and KOH activation method for the effective removal of Doxycycline (DOX) from aqueous solution. NAC showed exceptional adsorption efficacy for DOX than non-doped activated carbon (AC), which was attributed to the rich N-containing functional groups on the NAC surface and well-developed pore structure. The adsorption equilibrium data of DOX on NAC was fitted well to the Sips isotherm model and the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic and randomness-increasing. The Elovich kinetic model could better describe the adsorption process of DOX. The adsorption mechanisms of DOX onto NAC could be attributed to the hydrogen bonding, π-π electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction, hydrophobic effect and electrostatic interaction. Besides, the N-doping enhanced the adsorption performance of NAC. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity of NAC was 1559.35 mg·g− 1 at 298 K, indicating that the NAC could be a promising adsorbent for removing Doxycycline from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassica oleracea L is low in carbohydrates and fiber, making it ideal for low‐carb diets. But they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients. The present article investigated the antimicrobial effect of B. oleracea extract (white and broccoli) (BOE‐WB) on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains and its resistance to doxycycline. BOE‐WB was used as the soaking method. It was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. The samples were prepared with three concentrations. It used Mueller Hinton Agar culture medium of fresh bacteria. It was incubated for 24 h in a 37°C incubator. It identified 33 compounds. For BOE‐W, 77% of the compounds are oxygenated, while for BOE‐B, this percentage is 79%. For BOE‐B, 79% had oxygenated compounds. BOE‐WB has significant antibacterial effects on Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Bacillus cereus. The lethal impact of BOE‐WB on strains is very close to that of doxycycline, and it can be introduced as a new antimicrobial drug to the medical world. The research shows that the percentage of oxygenated compounds in foods containing BOE‐B is much higher than that of BOE‐W. It has a significant impact on the antioxidant effect. Foods containing BOE‐W have a high percentage of azo compounds and sulfur. One of the benefits of sulfur in the body is disinfecting the blood. In addition, sulfur increases the body's resistance to bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the use of zwitterionic microparticles as new and efficient macromolecular supports for the sorption of an antibiotic (doxycycline hydrochloride, DCH) from aqueous solution. The effect of relevant process parameters of sorption, like dosage of microparticles, pH value, contact time, the initial concentration of drug and temperature, was evaluated to obtain the optimal experimental conditions. The sorption kinetics were investigated using Lagergren, Ho, Elovich and Weber–Morris models, respectively. The sorption efficiency was characterized by applying the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) show that the sorption of doxycycline hydrochloride onto zwitterionic microparticles is endothermic, spontaneous and favorable at higher temperatures. The maximum identified sorption capacity value is 157.860 mg/g at 308 K. The Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas, Baker–Lonsdale and Kopcha models are used to describe the release studies. In vitro release studies show that the release mechanism of doxycycline hydrochloride from zwitterionic microparticles is predominantly anomalous or non-Fickian diffusion. This study could provide the opportunity to expand the use of these new zwitterionic structures in medicine and water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Focus of this study was on subjects suffering from new onset asthma, but actually, they may involve with an infection. Objectives: The target of this study was to determine the frequency of total control of asthma in new onset asthma. Methods: this is a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. The participants were 50 new onset asthma, who feel suffering from respiratory infection, however the physician diagnosis was asthma according to wheezy chest, spirometry and clear chest roentgenogram. Age less than 18 years and pregnant women were excluded. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, doxycycline hyclate and the placebo arms. The drugs were repacked in similar in shape container. Primary endpoint was time to first recurrence. Secondary endpoints were frequency of total control of asthma, dyspnea, cough, asthma control test (ACT) score, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, eosinophil and neutrophil in blood and sputum. Results: The difference of clinical findings between two groups before the trial were not significant. Ten percent reported acute attack of asthma during last two months. Treatment with Doxycyline revealed significant improvement of clinical findings, asthma attack and ACT score after two months of treatment, however, complete resolution of clinical findings were significantly higher in Doxycyline group compare to placebo. Clinical findings and FEV1 percent predicted in Doxycyline group T2low asthma group showed significant improvement which were not depicted in T2high group. Eighteen months follow up of the subjects showed complete resolution of asthma symptoms in 12 (48%) on Doxycyline group, which was significantly higher than control group (5 (20%). Time to first exacerbation in doxycycline group was 13.6±5.64 months which was significantly longer than control group (7.49±6.95, P=0.002). Time to first exacerbation in CRP positive was significantly longer (13.64±5.35 months) than CRP negative subjects (9.67±7.76 months, P=0.02). Conclusion: Doxycycline is an effective antibiotic for preventing recurrence of asthma, in selected new subjects who suspicious for respiratory infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Doxycycline is commonly prescribed as the primary prophylactic treatment for women undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG). This study aimed to compare the prophylactic effectiveness and safety of azithromycin and doxycycline in terms of treating infections caused by HSG. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial enrolled 107 women referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital in Arak, Iran, for HSG. After evaluation based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were randomly allocated to either the doxycycline or azithromycin group. The primary outcome was the incidence of adverse effects. The patients were also followed up to determine PCR test results for the clearance of chlamydia infection. Results: The cumulative incidence of side effects was 1.85% in the doxycycline group, with adverse effects observed in only one patient. Conversely, no adverse effects were reported in the azithromycin group (P = 0.505). In the doxycycline group, one patient (1.85%) tested positive in the PCR test, while no positive PCR tests were recorded in the azithromycin group. Neither group exhibited cases of fever or required additional treatments. The results of statistical analyses did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the compared groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: A single dose of azithromycin could be considered interchangeable with a 1-week course of doxycycline as antibiotic prophylaxis in women undergoing HSG, as it provides similar effectiveness and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond the antimicrobial activity, doxycycline (DOX) exhibits longevity‐promoting effect in nematodes, while its effect on mammals is unclear. Here, we applied a mouse model of Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), Zmpste24 knockout (KO) mice, and analyzed the antiaging effect of DOX. We found that the DOX treatment prolongs lifespan and ameliorates progeroid features of Zmpste24 KO mice, including the decline of body and tissue weight, exercise capacity and cortical bone density, and the shortened colon length. DOX treatment alleviates the abnormal nuclear envelope in multiple tissues, and attenuates cellular senescence and cell death of Zmpste24 KO and HGPS fibroblasts. DOX downregulates the level of proinflammatory IL6 in both serum and tissues. Moreover, the elevated α‐tubulin (K40) acetylation mediated by NAT10 in progeria, is rescued by DOX treatment in the aorta tissues in Zmpste24 KO mice and fibroblasts. Collectively, our study uncovers that DOX can decelerate aging in progeria mice via counteracting IL6 expression and NAT10‐mediated acetylation of α‐tubulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A widely accepted set of imaging criteria or classification has not yet been adopted to evaluate response to treatment by percutaneous sclerotherapy for aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). In this article, we described and illustrated the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital (ROH) scoring system which is a new, reproducible, and objective tool to evaluate the radiological response. We also reported our institutional experience in the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided sclerotherapy for treating such lesions. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for 19 patients who underwent CT-guided sclerotherapy with doxycycline and albumin to treat ABC. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, at a minimum of 12 months, was assessed according to the four ROH scoring system parameters: cystic component, fluid–fluid level, presence of consolidation, and cortical integrity. The cumulative score was used to grade response as either: excellent, good, equivocal, or poor. Results Out of 19 patients with a mean age of 17.8 years, 11 cases occurred in the long bones, 5 cases in the pelvis, and 1 in each of the C3 vertebral body, scapula, and talus. The mean parameter of response score for cystic component was 2, fluid–fluid level was 1.3, consolidation was 2, and cortical integrity was 2.1. Four cases showed excellent response, 12 cases showed good response, 2 cases showed equivocal response, and 1 case showed poor response. Interrater reliability was excellent (κ = 0.9). Conclusion The ROH scoring system provides the radiologist and surgeon with an objective method to score imaging parameters of response independently and achieve a grade based on the cumulative score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of syphilis among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) engaging in high-risk sexual behavior, determine the stage of syphilis, and evaluate treatment efficacy. A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted at the AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, focusing on PWH at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) attending outpatient care from January 2019 to December 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, incident syphilis rates were identified, associations with HIV-related characteristics were explored, and the treatment response was assessed. Among 991 participants, 94 PWH were diagnosed with syphilis, representing 9.4% of the cohort. Incident syphilis cases experienced a decrease in the early COVID-19 era compared to 2019, followed by a gradual increase leading up to 2022. The majority of syphilis cases were asymptomatic latent syphilis (71.1%). Men who have sex with men (MSM) and younger individuals exhibited higher rates of co-infection during the study period. No significant association was found between incident syphilis and HIV-related factors. Most syphilis cases (86%) were treated with benzathine penicillin G (BPG). Treatment with BPG and doxycycline showed an increased success rate (96.7% vs. 92.9%), with no statistically significant difference observed between them (p = 0.438). This study highlights the alarming incidence of syphilis among PWH engaging in high-risk sexual behavior, particularly among younger MSM. BPG remains effective, and alternative regimens like doxycycline show promise, especially in settings with penicillin shortages or patient allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Doxycycline is commonly prescribed as the primary prophylactic treatment for women undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG). This study aimed to compare the prophylactic effectiveness and safety of azithromycin and doxycycline in terms of treating infections caused by HSG. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial enrolled 107 women referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital in Arak, Iran, for HSG. After evaluation based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were randomly allocated to either the doxycycline or azithromycin group. The primary outcome was the incidence of adverse effects. The patients were also followed up to determine PCR test results for the clearance of chlamydia infection. Results: The cumulative incidence of side effects was 1.85% in the doxycycline group, with adverse effects observed in only one patient. Conversely, no adverse effects were reported in the azithromycin group (P = 0.505). In the doxycycline group, one patient (1.85%) tested positive in the PCR test, while no positive PCR tests were recorded in the azithromycin group. Neither group exhibited cases of fever or required additional treatments. The results of statistical analyses did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the compared groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: A single dose of azithromycin could be considered interchangeable with a 1-week course of doxycycline as antibiotic prophylaxis in women undergoing HSG, as it provides similar effectiveness and safety.