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5 results on '"Dalfopristin plus quinupristin"'

1. Chlorhexidine and Mupirocin Susceptibilities of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Colonized Nursing Home Residents

Author

McDanel, Jennifer S, Murphy, Courtney R, Diekema, Daniel J, Quan, Victor, Kim, Diane S, Peterson, Ellena M, Evans, Kaye D, Tan, Grace L, Hayden, Mary K, and Huang, Susan S

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Health Services, Aging, Antimicrobial Resistance, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Proteins, Carrier State, Chlorhexidine, Disinfectants, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Male, Membrane Transport Proteins, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mupirocin, Nasal Cavity, Nursing Homes, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staphylococcal Infections, bacterial protein, chlorhexidine, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, dalfopristin plus quinupristin, daptomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, linezolid, protein qaca, protein qacb, pseudomonic acid, rifampicin, tetramycin, unclassified drug, vancomycin, aged, antibiotic sensitivity, article, bacterial colonization, bacterial gene, bacterium isolate, broth dilution, daily life activity, disk diffusion, female, gene locus, health care facility, heterozygote, human, major clinical study, male, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, minimum inhibitory concentration, nose smear, nursing home patient, polymerase chain reaction, priority journal, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, Medical Microbiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical microbiology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract

Chlorhexidine and mupirocin are used in health care facilities to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of chlorhexidine and mupirocin resistance in isolates from nares carriers in multiple nursing homes and to examine characteristics associated with resistance. Nasal swab samples were collected from approximately 100 new admissions and 100 current residents in 26 nursing homes in Orange County, CA, from October 2008 to May 2011. MRSA isolates were tested for susceptibility by using broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and Etest; for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; and for qac gene carriage by PCR. Characteristics of the nursing homes and their residents were collected from the Medicare Minimum Data Set and Long-Term Care Focus. A total of 829 MRSA isolates were obtained from swabbing 3,806 residents in 26 nursing homes. All isolates had a chlorhexidine MIC of ≤4 μg/ml. Five (0.6%) isolates harbored the qacA and/or qacB gene loci. Mupirocin resistance was identified in 101 (12%) isolates, with 78 (9%) isolates exhibiting high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR). HLMR rates per facility ranged from 0 to 31%. None of the isolates with HLMR displayed qacA or qacB, while two isolates carried qacA and exhibited low-level mupirocin resistance. Detection of HLMR was associated with having a multidrug-resistant MRSA isolate (odds ratio [OR], 2.69; P = 0.004), a history of MRSA (OR, 2.34; P < 0.001), and dependency in activities of daily living (OR, 1.25; P = 0.004). In some facilities, HLMR was found in nearly one-third of MRSA isolates. These findings may have implications for the increasingly widespread practice of MRSA decolonization using intranasal mupirocin.

Published
2013

2. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Carriage in 10 Nursing Homes in Orange County, California

Author

Reynolds, Courtney, Quan, Victor, Kim, Diane, Peterson, Ellena, Dunn, Julie, Whealon, Matthew, Terpstra, Leah, Meyers, Hildy, Cheung, Michele, Lee, Bruce, and Huang, Susan S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, California, Carrier State, Female, Humans, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, dalfopristin plus quinupristin, erythromycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, linezolid, oxacillin, pseudomonic acid, rifampicin, tetracycline, vancomycin, aged, antibiotic sensitivity, article, bacterium carrier, bacterium isolate, female, human, infection risk, length of stay, major clinical study, male, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, microbiological examination, nursing home, nursing home patient, prevalence, United States, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Published
2011

4. Characterization of the IncA/C plasmid pCC416 encoding VIM-4 and CMY-4 β-lactamases

Author

Gian Maria Rossolini, Vivi Miriagou, Céline Colinon, Alessandra Carattoli, Francesco Luzzaro, Laboratorio di Fisiologia e Biotecnologia dei Microorganismi, Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Laboratoire de Radioécologie et d'Ecotoxicologie (DEI/SECRE/LRE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Hellenic Pasteur Institute, and Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome]

Subjects
chloramphenicol, kanamycin, antibiotic resistance, florfenicol, transposon, genotype, polymerase chain reaction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], vancomycin, Enterococcus faecium, Drug Resistance, nitrofurantoin, medicine.disease_cause, Integron, Plasmid, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Pharmacology (medical), Replicon, Cloning, Molecular, bacitracin, gene transfer, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, teicoplanin, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, article, Bacterial, Amplicon, Infectious Diseases, erythromycin, penicillin G, Multiple, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Plasmids, DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Transposable element, streptomycin, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, Molecular Sequence Data, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, gentamicin, minimum inhibitory concentration, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, bambermycin, dalfopristin plus quinupristin, Enterobacteriaceae, ciprofloxacin, plasmid, bacterium isolation, medicine, Escherichia coli, Polymorphism, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, tetracycline, Pharmacology, nonhuman, salinomycin, vancomycin, amplicon, bacterial strain, bacterium isolate, replicon, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, beta-Lactamases, DNA Transposable Elements, 030306 microbiology, amplicon, Molecular, DNA, bacterial infections and mycoses, Molecular biology, Restriction Fragment Length, biology.protein, Mobile genetic elements, Cloning
Abstract

Objectives: To characterize the antibiotic resistance regions of pCC416, a VIM-4- and CMY-4-encoding plasmid from clinical enterobacteria, and to elucidate its relation with the CMY-encoding plasmids widely diffused in Salmonella. Methods: The enterobacterial multiresistant plasmid pCC416 was derived from an Escherichia coli transconjugant and characterized. Conventional and long-range PCR assays were performed using primers specific for VIM-4- and CMY-4-encoding segments of pCC416. Amplicons were characterized by sequencing. blaVIM-4, blaMY-4 and IntI1-specific probes were prepared from PCR products and used for the identification of various pCC416 clones. VIM- and CMY-positive Bam HI and Sau 3AI fragments of pCC416 were cloned into pACYC184 and their sequences were determined by gene walking. Results: The pCC416 plasmid contained two distinct resistant loci carrying β-lactamase genes. The blaVIM-4 gene was part of an integron located in a complex, multidrug-resistant region of novel structure, interspersed with mobile elements or remnants thereof and being similar to various regions of other resistance plasmids. Nevertheless, a region in the 3′ end of this structure resembled the respective region found in a CMY-2-encoding plasmid from Salmonella. The blaCMY-4 gene was identified within an 11.3 kb region also related to the CMY-2-encoding plasmids. Conclusions: pCC416 probably evolved from an IncA/C2, CMY-encoding plasmid through acquisition of a VIM-encoding In4-type integron providing an example of accretion of resistance determinants in a single replicon. © The Author 2007.

Published
2007
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5. Forthcoming therapeutic perspectives for infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens

Author

Gian Maria Rossolini and Giuseppe Cornaglia

Subjects
antibiotic resistance, daptomycin, vancomycin, penicillin resistance, repeated drug dose, Tigecycline, telavancin, chemistry.chemical_compound, iclaprim, Staphylococcus infection, Gram positive bacterium, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Drug Discovery, Antimicrobial agents, Gram-positive pathogens, Multidrug resistance, Review, 2 4 diaminopyrimidine derivative, ampicillin, beta lactam antibiotic, carbapenem derivative, cefalexin, ceftaroline, ceftazidime, ceftobiprole, cephalosporin derivative, dalbavancin, dalfopristin plus quinupristin, linezolid, macrolide, oritavancin, penicillin G, placebo, polypeptide antibiotic agent, teicoplanin, tigecycline, antibiotic sensitivity, area under the curve, bacterial transmission, bloodstream infection, clinical practice, clinical trial, drug bioavailability, drug dose titration, drug excretion, drug half life, drug mechanism, drug metabolism, drug structure, drug withdrawal, Enterococcus, Gram positive infection, health care policy human, infection control, infection prevention, maximum plasma concentration, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, minimum inhibitory concentration, pneumonia, priority journal, public health, single drug dose, skin infection, structure activity relation, surgical infection, unspecified side effect, ventilator associated pneumonia, Anti-Bacterial Agents, beta-Lactams, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Resistance Multiple Bacterial, Glycopeptides, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Humans, Pyrimidines, Posibacteria, Dalbavancin, General Medicine, Infectious Diseases, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), review, Biology, Microbiology, Antibiotic resistance, Telavancin, multidrug resistance, medicine, Oritavancin, Beta lactam antibiotic, chemistry, Linezolid, Iclaprim
Abstract

Multidrug resistance in Gram-positive pathogens emerged as a major therapeutic challenge over two decades ago. The worldwide spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), glycopeptide-resistant enterococci and other resistant Gram-positive pathogens had a major impact on antibiotic policies, and prompted the discovery and development of new antibiotics to combat difficult-to-treat infections caused by such pathogens. Several new antibiotics active against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens have recently been introduced into clinical practice, and the antibiotic pipeline contains additional anti-Gram-positive drugs at an advanced stage of development, including new glycopeptides (dalbavancin, oritavancin, and telavancin), new anti-MRSA β-lactams (ceftobiprole), and new diaminopyrimidines (iclaprim). This article provides a brief overview of these upcoming agents, partially based on the material presented at the ESCMID Conference entitled ‘Fighting infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-positives’ (Venice, Italy, 29–31 May 2008) and on the most recent literature.

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