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ABSTRACT: Background: One of the important concepts in aesthetic dentistry is "the principle of gradation," where each tooth appears proportionally narrower than its mesial neighbor as the eye moves laterally from the midline. Various mathematical and physiological theories determine the widths of maxillary anterior teeth. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of the golden percentage, the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion, and the newly proposed Tarulatha-Ruchi (TR) proportion among dental students from Gujarat state. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 Gujarati students with aesthetically pleasing smiles, ages 18–25 years, were selected. Standard frontal-view photographs were taken with a DSLR camera, displaying maxillary anterior teeth and gingiva in centric occlusion. Adobe Photoshop CS6 was used to measure tooth widths, and the values were analyzed statistically. Results: The exact golden percentage was not followed in any subjects. The percentages for the maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine were 22%, 16%, and 12%, respectively. The RED proportion did not exist, increasing distally from 69% to 78.5%. For the TR proportion, central incisors did not follow the suggested quotient of 0.3; a quotient of 0.4 for the lateral incisor was present in 99% of subjects; a quotient of 0.3 for the canine was present in 25% of subjects; and a suggested quotient of 0.6 for the combined width of the central and lateral incisors was present in none of the subjects. Conclusion: The golden percentage and TR proportion can be applied if adjusted. RED did not exist among participants. A proportional constant of 0.4 for the lateral incisor by TR proportion can be used to build a missing or peg-shaped lateral incisor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: Direct composite restorations face abrupt temperature changes, varying pH, and surface deterioration in the oral environment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides visual and numerical data on surface roughness. Aim: This study evaluates and compares the surface roughness of composite restorative materials after simulating oral conditions. Materials and Methods: Three composite groups (n = 16 each) were tested. Group A: Microhybrid, Group B: Nanofilled, and Group C: Nanohybrid. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4 each): distilled water (control), black coffee, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull. After thermocycling and immersion, surface roughness was measured using AFM. Results: Nanocomposites with uniform monomodal fillers showed the least surface disintegration and superior properties. Conclusion: Resin chemistry, including filler size and matrix composition, is crucial for composite properties and performance under function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes Mellitusis ametabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by presence of hyper glycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism duetod efects in insulinse cretion, action or both. Increasing concentration of iron and ferritin incells could cause resistance to insulin and dysfunction of beta cells of pancreas. Early identification helps india gnosing grievous systemic manifestations and their prompt and appropriate treatment. Aim: To find association and correlation of serum ferritin with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) inpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus. Methods: An observational study was carried out over a span of 1.5 years who were previously diagnosed case of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attended Medicine department OPD and IPD between age group 35-70 years were included in study. Serum Ferritin, HbA1c, FBS, PPBS and other clinical features were noted based on history and clinical examination of thesepatients. Results:A totalof 100 patients (53 males and 47 females;meanage years) of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were evaluated. Majority of the subjects were in age group 51-60 years (n=34) with (meanage years 51.38±11.52 years). Therewasastatisticallysignificantdifferencepresentin mean FBS level, mean PPBS leveland mean HbA1c level, when compared between subjects having high and normal serum ferritin level (p=0.009, p=0.036, p<0.01, respectively). We comparedserum ferritin with fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar and HbA1c levels and coefficient of correlation among study subjects were +0.40, +0.45 and +0.51 respectivelywithpvalueof <0.01. Limitation: First, it was only an observational study, so results could not be compared to those of normal control subjects with normal blood glucose levels; second, diabetic individuals did not receive any treatment; and third, since allthe subjects came froma single hospital, findingscouldnotbegeneralised. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of serum ferritin as a marker for early identification of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and its role as a useful marker forglycaemiccontrol in diabeticpatients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]