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One way to preserve culture in education is through ethnoscience-based learning, especially in chemical materials linked to various fields of science in life, including social and cultural. Ethnoscience is a process of reconstructing indigenous science knowledge with scientific science. This research aims to explore trends in ethnoscience-based chemistry learning in Indonesia and analyze the contents, focusing on topics, learning approaches and models, tools, and variables influenced. The research data collection method adopted the preferred items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) design and obtained from 30 selected articles indicated from 2019-2024 published in journals indexed by Scopus and SINTA. Analysis results show that the process of making batik is one of the ethnoscience topics that are widely used in chemistry learning. Ethnoscience learning can also be done by combining local wisdom (culture), traditional foods, and natural phenomena of the environment. Ethnoscience learning can be integrated into various learning models, such as contextual teaching and learning (CTL), problem-based, and project-based learning (PjBL). Learning tools often used in ethnoscience-based chemistry learning are modules, evaluation instruments, and worksheets. Ethnoscience is interesting to learn because it positively affects critical thinking and creativity, cultural and conservation character, and scientific literacy.

This study aims to determine the feasibility of Instagram-based chemistry learning media and the results of increasing student interest in learning acid-base material in everyday life with a multi-representation approach. The method used in this study is the ADDIE research and development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research population is SMAN 3 Sidoarjo students, with the sample used being 89 students who carry out learning using Instagram in acid-base material in everyday life. Quantitative data was obtained from material and media validation results, as well as an analysis of student interest in learning before and after using the media. Qualitative data were obtained by analyzing descriptive questions of student learning interest in chemistry questionnaires. The results of the research on developing Instagram-based chemistry learning media on acid-base materials in everyday life with a multi-representation approach were obtained: 1) the feasibility of learning media developed based on the results of the assessment of materials and media by expert validators was included in the very feasible category; 2) the increase in students' learning motivation is in the medium category with a standard gain value of 0.40.

This research aims to improve the numeracy abilities of secondary students after using the Labirin: the board game and students' perceptions of mathematics learning using the game. This empirical study research used a one-group pretest posttest design. The research population is all grade-8 students in one of the Islamic public secondary schools (MTsN) in Serang City. The sample is 76 students from two classes as the experimental class who implemented the game in learning mathematics. The instruments used to collect the data are the numeracy ability tests and students' perception questionnaires. Before use, both instruments are tested for validity and reliability. The findings showed that the students' numeracy abilities improved after implementing the game and helped students to learn mathematics easily, especially in whole numbers and fractions. In addition, the student's understanding is also achieved. The implementation of the game also showed that this learning media helps students learn in the classroom and interest in using the game. It can be concluded that, the Labirin: the board game improved the student's numeracy ability.

The construction of an organization aims to enhance the performance and versatility of the organization for society. Consequently, as a platform for training human resources, universities have to develop constantly, following the community's insistence. In 2022, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology specified there are 21 state universities with legal entities. The status of a state university with a legal entity presents extensive autonomy in the field of academic, asset, and financial management. Besides, the universities also carry an obligation for university management to develop their institution, which is in accordance with Formal Model of Educational Management by Bush (2011). This model implies that organizations have a hierarchical structure and that predefined goals are pursued using a reasonable way. This study aims to identify the dominant variables for the state university with legal entity development. The method that used in this study is literature review by Tranfield, Denyer, & Smart (2003) with a case analysis involving a number of universities. The analysis results found that the dominant variables in the universities' development included the organization structure, working mechanism or organizational guidelines, the organizational climate and culture, along with the use of technology devices.

The aim of this study was to see the effect of using the Instagram media-integrated inquiry learning model in increasing learning motivation and students' critical thinking skills in the matter of reaction rates. This research is a Quasi Experimental Design type. Population consist of class XI MIPA students of SMAN 1 Turen. Sampling used the Simple Random Sampling technique and it was found that there were 32 students in class XI MIPA 4 as the sample for the class of experimental and for class XI MIPA 5 with 32 students as the sample for the class of control. Data analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive tests with independent sample-t tests and N-Gain. Qualitative analysis showed an increase in learning motivation in the class of experimental (74%) higher than the class of control (64%). Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in students' critical thinking skills with sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05. The NGain test showed an increase in the critical thinking skills of the class of experimental (0.82) higher than the class of control (0.72). The results of this analysis indicate that the inquiry learning model integrated with Instagram media is able to increase learning motivation and students' critical thinking skills in the material of reaction rate.

This study aims to determine the need for multitiered diagnostic instruments to identify misconceptions and their causes, as well as multi-representational profiles in chemistry lessons starting from grade 10 in the initial to the final material for grade 12. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive, namely descriptive analysis. Systematic and factual facts are investigated by collecting data, processing and analyzing. The instruments used have been validated by expert lecturers and received improvements in the diction of the question sentences. The subjects used in this study were several chemistry teachers in East Java, totalling 67 teachers who were taken by random sampling. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires distributed using the media google form. The results of the analysis found that diagnostic assessments in chemistry subjects were made up to the macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic levels with a percentage of 93%; it is necessary to apply diagnostic assessments to all chemistry learning topics with a percentage of 61%, diagnostic assessments in chemistry subjects must be carried out in a multitiered manner level 5 with a percentage of 79%.

The aim of this study was to develop students' chemical literacy by integrating dilemma stories into a Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) project on petroleum. Chemical literacy can help students face future challenges by applying what they learn about chemistry subjects at school to solve problems in their daily lives. A qualitative research method was employed that included interviews, observations, reflective journals, chemical literacy tests, and student activity sheets, as data collection tools. Thirty six secondary school students participated in the research using a project-based approach consisting of five steps: value reflection, problem-solving, project monitoring and evaluation, project development, and transformation. This study used four chemical literacy components according to Shwartz, Ben-Zvi and Hofstein (2006) namely scientific and chemical content knowledge, characteristics of chemistry, chemistry in context, higher-order learning skills, and affective aspect. STEAM integrated with dilemmas stories provides opportunities for students to develop chemical literacy through value reflection, problem solving, and STEAM project. This study uses a dilemma story to understand chemistry concepts whereby students can develop a project by integrating chemistry and STEAM principles. The STEAM Project involved making alternative fuel to find a solution to a problem presented in the dilemma story. The researchers were challenged by the need to find a suitable chemistry-based dilemma story to integrate with a STEAM project while also empowering students and managing time resources.

Analytical chemistry is one of the chemical materials that is considered difficult by students. The application of multi-representational proximity in delivering analytical chemistry material can make it easier for students to understand the material. The purpose of research and development is to produce Instagram- and TikTok-based learning media products on qualitative analysis materials for class I and II cations with a multi-representational approach, testing the feasibility of learning media in the form of Instagram and TikTok learning content, and to find out the response of students to the learning media. This research uses ADDIE research and development design. The ADDIE development model consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. At the development stage, validation of media and material experts by lecturers of the chemistry department, State University of Malang, as well as teacher chemistry SMKN 7 Malang continued the readability test on 52 students of class XI Analytical Chemistry 1 and 2. The questionnaires used are quantitative, processed with a Likert scale. The results of this research and development are in the form of learning content on the qualitative analysis material of group I and II cations uploaded on Instagram and TikTok, with a "very decent" validation value in general display, receiving a percentage of 84%; in presenting the material, 84%, the "very feasible" category; and in the results of the questionnaire, student responses are classified as "very good," with a percentage of 81%. Instagram- and TikTok-based learning media are very feasible to use, and students show that Instagram- and TikTok-based learning media are very interesting when coupled with explanations interspersed with songs, helping readers who have auditory properties, so that students understand, are interested, and have fun learning with digital methods.

Wood, as a basic material for the furniture industry, creates waste problems in the form of wood sawdust. Wood sawdust is a material that can be utilized by processing it through a pyrolysis process to produce liquid smoke and charcoal. Charcoal resulting from sawdust pyrolysis of Azadirachta excelsa, Durio zibhetinus, Swietenia mahagoni, and Coffea sp. wood has different characteristics. Pyrolysis was carried out at 300–350 °C for 6 hours. Characterization was carried out using SEM-EDS and XRD. Based on the research, it is known that the character of the charcoal resulting from pyrolysis using XRD shows that the charcoal composition of each wood has similar characteristics, as indicated by the presence of a broad peak at 2 theta 25° indicating that the charcoal formed has an amorphous structure. In comparison, the 2 theta peaks of 17° and 29° respectively, indicate the presence of lignin and CaCO₃ in charcoal. The morphological structure of the charcoal surface based on the results of SEM analysis shows a similarity in morphology between Swietenia mahagoni and Coffea sp. Wood charcoal with small pore diameters and distances apart, as well as between Durio zibhetinus and Azadirachta excelsa wood charcoal, which resembles a honeycomb structure. The composition of charcoal resulting from pyrolysis shows that the largest component of charcoal is carbon with a percentage of 45.4-56%, calcium with a percentage of 10-15.2%, and oxygen with a percentage of 22.5-38.4%, with minor components in the form of aluminum, boron, silicon, and potassium.

The study focuses on developing an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing hybrid biocomposites using sodium alginate, polycaprolactone (PCL), and TiO2 fillers. The eco-friendly alginate/PCL-TiO2 hybrid biocomposites were prepared using a Rheomixer Polylab OS. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, UTM, DSC, TGA, biodegradation testing, and methylene blue photodegradation, were employed to evaluate the properties of the composites. XRD analysis of the composites PA, PA-Ti1, PA-Ti3, and PA-Ti5 revealed an orthorhombic to tetragonal semicrystalline structure after added TiO2. FT-IR spectroscopy show sharp peak at 1721 cm⁻¹ represents C = O vibration, while characteristic CH stretching vibrations of PCL are evident at 2800–2900 cm-1. Furthermore, Ti-O-Ti bond appears at wave number 668.48 cm−1 and Ti-O-C appears at 1054.69 cm−1. The addition of TiO2 slightly reduced mechanical properties. TiO2 influence the compound mechanical performance, with a decrease in elastic modulus and corresponding increase in elongation at break with increasing TiO2 content. DSC analysis revealed that the composites with TiO2 displayed a single melting peak slightly above 50 °C, with a significant increase in ∆Hm with TiO2 content. TGA results showed that all samples exhibited two stages of decomposition. The first stage, occurring around 200 °C and the second stage, observed above 300 °C. The PA composite showed a mass reduction from 0.058 g to 0.052 g, similar to PA-Ti1 and PA-Ti3. However, PA-Ti5 composite showed a smaller mass reduction. Methylene blue solutions containing PA-Ti1, PA-Ti3, and PA-Ti5 composites exhibited a color change from blue to transparent after 24 h of irradiation, indicating MB degradation.

Informasi yang tersebar di platform media sosial berperan penting dalam membentuk persepsi dan pertimbangan individu, yang kemudian tercermin dalam keyakinan mengenai kredibilitas dan integritas merek, yang dapat memotivasi keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) dan kepercayaan merek terhadap minat beli produk Somethinc, khususnya pada Generasi Z di Kota Banda Aceh. Berdasarkan teori reasoned action dari Icek Ajzen dan Martin Fishbein, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuisioner melalui Google Form kepada 289 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SPSS. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa e-WOM dan kepercayaan merek secara signifikan mempengaruhi minat beli secara parsial dan simultan. Selain itu, nilai adjusted R square sebesar 0,554 yang menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen mempengaruhi variabel dependen sebesar 55,4%, sementara sisa 44,6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-WOM dan kepercayaan merek berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli produk Somethinc di kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Banda Aceh. The information shared on social media platforms plays an important role in shaping individuals' perceptions and considerations, which are then reflected in beliefs about a brand's credibility and integrity, potentially motivating purchasing decisions. This study aims to examine the influence of Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) and brand trust on the purchase intention of Somethinc products, specifically among Generation Z in Banda Aceh. Based on the Reasoned Action Theory by Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein, this study adopts a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms to 289 respondents. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS software. The results of data analysis indicate that e-WOM and brand trust significantly affect purchase intention both partially and simultaneously. Additionally, the adjusted R-square value of 0.554 shows that the independent variables explain 55.4% of the dependent variable, while the remaining 44.6% is influenced by other variables. Therefore, it can be concluded that e-WOM and brand trust significantly influence the purchase intention of Somethinc products among Generation Z in Banda Aceh.

This study describes the characteristics of the test and its items used in the national-standardized school examination by applying classical test theory and focusing on the item difficulty, item discrimination, test reliability, and distractor analysis. We analyzed response data of 191 12th graders from one of public senior high schools in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia,to the examination on the elective mathematics subject. The results showed that both multiple-choice and essay items contained in the test were at a moderate level of difficulty. The lowest item difficulty index went to the multiple-choice item where students failed in interpreting straight and dashed lines and went to the essay item that required complex intra-mathematical connections. In addition, we only found one item which was poor in distinguishing student competence. Furthermore, students' test scores on multiple-choice and essay items were reliable. Although most multiple-choice items had at least two functioning distractors, it was still found two items whose all distractors were not functioning. In this article, we provide some suggestions concerning improvement towards mathematics learning practices.

Numeracy and digital skills are among the most crucial skills that any graduate should possess before entering the workforce, regardless of their field of study. Therefore, both skills should not be treated as an "add on" skill but viewed as essential graduate attributes needing to be purposefully incorporated into the curriculum instead of mere chance. By understanding the learners' numeracy and digital skills abilities, educators can create suitable learning outcomes, activities, and assessments, enabling them to acquire the skills. The objective of this study is to create a framework for testing numeracy (NSI) and digital skills (DSI) using a cross-sectional design and quantitative methodology. The research entails generating a questionnaire, verifying it via a rigorous procedure of expert content validation, and focusing on sufficiency, clarity, coherence, and relevance. A pilot study involving 218 students from various disciplines was conducted to measure the reliability of the framework using Cronbach Alpha. Feedback from experts was then used to enhance the questionnaire, resulting in the finalisation of five components for the Digital Skills Instrument (DSI): information literacy, computer and technology literacy, digital communication and collaboration skills, digital identity and well-being, and digital ethics. Meanwhile, the five components of the Numeracy Skills Instrument (NSI) encompassed operation and calculation, graphical representation, quantitative reasoning and logical thinking, complex number (advanced concept), spatial visualisation and geometric reasoning. The results indicated a strong internal consistency across all components for both tools, with alpha values ranging from 0.847 to 0.958 for DSI and 0.916 to 0.964 for NSI. Corrected item-total correlations also depicted intercorrelation between items for both instruments. To sum up, the findings demonstrate that the DSI and NSI have high reliability and validity. Because both tools are reliable and valid for measuring digital and numeracy skills in the Malaysian context, they can be confidently used for future research.

Failure to deduce false suppositions in proof by contradiction is still considered "more difficult" than proving the conditional ?? to ?? in proof by contraposition. This study aims to identify the types of proof construction failures based on the action steps of proof by contradiction, then offer a framework of construction failure hypothesis specifically used in proof by contradiction. The research data were collected and analyzed from the work of students who have agreed to be research participants, a total of 83 students. The results of the analysis of student work successfully identified four types of failures, namely formulating suppositions, constructing and manipulating suppositions, identifying contradictions, and disproving suppositions. These four types of failures then became the material for the development of the hypothesis framework of a failure to construct proof by contradiction, which consists of 17 hypothesis nodes divided into three main hypotheses, namely: operational (action), affective (emotional), and foundational (logical reasoning). The failure hypothesis framework justifies that the sources of the failure of proof construction in proof by contradiction are understanding of the act of producing a proof by contradiction, emotionality towards the coherence of the construction steps, disproving suppositions, beliefs, use of appropriate definitions-theorems and axioms, and cognitive tension in proof by contradiction; and formal logic of the act of producing a proof by contradiction, as well as differences in the underlying logic with other acts.

Study purpose. Penalty corner is a situation that can be used as an opportunity to increase the score in indoor hockey. However, sometimes players cannot take advantage of this situation, so the opportunity to score a goal is lost. One of the reasons is that coaches pay very little attention to penalty corner training, so they don't have data about the abilities of their players. The aim of this research is to determine the success rate of penalty corners for STKIP Pasundan Cimahi indoor hockey players. Materials and methods. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive research method with a survey approach. The research subjects involved were indoor hockey athletes who were members of the STKIP Pasundan indoor hockey team who competed in the National Championship at Jakarta State University in May 2023, totaling 11 men. For the research instrument, the penalty corner test was used, which researchers analyzed starting from feeder-stopper-shooter and also success in putting the ball into the goal. The analysis uses a percentage approach, to see how successful the athletes are in taking penalty corners, and also what category they fall into. Results. The results of research conducted on evaluating the success rate of penalty corners for STKIP Pasundan indoor hockey players were good, based on consideration of the highest frequency in the above average category amounting to 6 people or 54.5%, high amounting to 2 people or 18.2% and in the average category 3 people or 27.3%. Conclusions. Based on the research results obtained in data analysis, it can be concluded that the success rate of penalty corners for STKIP Pasundan room hockey players is included in the good category. It is hoped that the results of this research will open up insight for hockey coaches in evaluating their palyers' penalty corners.

This study aims to determine the right type of foundation in the construction of higher education buildings, with a focus on the planning of raft foundations. This study includes the calculation of soil bearing capacity, planning of foundation dimensions and reinforcement, analysis of settlement and uplift, and cost estimation. The methodology used follows the SNI standard, HSP Quarter II of Padang City, and uses ETABS software. Analysis of soil bearing capacity is carried out based on the Meyerhof method using Microsoft Excel, while the loading is analyzed through ETABS. The results of the study indicate that the raft foundation planned for Building C of Dharma Andalas University is able to withstand existing soil tension of 9.755 t/m², which is below the permitted bearing capacity of 39.169 t/m². This foundation is designed with a thickness of 450 mm, using D13 mm threaded reinforcement with a distance of 200 mm and 250 mm. The planned sloof dimensions are 40 cm x 80 cm with 20D22 mm main reinforcement and D10 mm stirrups. The settlement analysis shows a value of 46.997 mm, which still meets the permit limit of 100 mm. The estimated total cost of building a raft foundation, including 11% VAT, is Rp1,673,300,000.00. Based on these results, the planned raft foundation is declared capable of withstanding the load on existing soil conditions and meets the permit stress requirements. This study recommends further exploration of the application of raft foundations on different types of soil and the development of alternative designs for simpler construction.

Radiation dosimetry plays a crucial role in various fields, including medical, industrial, and environmental applications. Accurate and reliable dosimeters are essential for measuring and controlling radiation exposure. This study aims to evaluate the stability of the food dye tartrazine as a potential gamma radiation dosimeter. The need for accessible and cost-effective dosimetric materials motivates the exploration of tartrazine's capabilities in this regard. This research investigates the response of tartrazine solutions under varying gamma radiation doses (0 to 3.118 kGy) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to measure absorbance at a wavelength of 424 nm. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in absorbance with increasing radiation doses, indicating decolorization due to oxidative reactions triggered by hydroxyl radicals (OH·) generated during irradiation. Tartrazine, which imparts a yellow color through its diazenedyl (-N=N-) bonds, undergoes bond cleavage upon gamma radiation exposure, resulting in a permanent color change. Further analysis reveals that tartrazine-based dosimeters exhibit optimal stability for less than four weeks. Therefore, tartrazine solution can serve as an effective gamma radiation dosimeter for short-term applications. This study provides a foundation for developing new dosimetric materials, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research to enhance radiation safety and measurement accuracy. Keywords: Dosimeter, Gamma Irradiation, Radiation, Stability, Tartrazine.

Carbon emissions represent a critical driver of global climate change, exerting profound impacts on environmental sustainability and public health. This research examines Indonesia's carbon emission trends using a comprehensive dataset spanning global emissions from 1960 to 2018, with specific focus on Indonesia, obtained from Kaggle. Employing Linear Regression (LR) as the primary machine learning technique, the study effectively models and forecasts future carbon emission levels for Indonesia. The findings indicate a projected increase in emissions to 2.38 tons per capita annually by 2030, underscoring the urgent need for robust environmental policies.

Background Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder which affects the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle weakness and respiratory complications. Recurrent myasthenic crises may necessitate mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure. Case Report We present a 21-year-old female with myasthenia gravis who experienced recurrent myasthenic crises requiring mechanical ventilation. She underwent plasma exchange therapy and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) program to improve respiratory function. Gradual ventilator adjustments and a structured IMT protocol led to significant improvements in oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. The patient met the weaning criteria, including the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and rapid shallow breathing index, and was successfully extubated after 12 days of mechanical ventilation. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing myasthenic crises and suggests that IMT may expedite weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Transformational leadership in Islamic value-based educational institutions, such as Rumah Tahfidz Qur'an (RTQ), faces challenges in integrating traditional practices with modern innovations to improve academic quality. This study explores the effectiveness of transformational leadership in RTQ Surau Lakuak, focusing on the strategic use of social media. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research involves in-depth interviews and document analysis, guided by Kouzes and Posner's (2017) Leadership Challenge framework, which includes five core dimensions: Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the Process, Enable Others to Act, and Encourage the Heart. The findings indicate that leaders at RTQ Surau Lakuak effectively utilize social media to articulate their vision, enhance transparency, and foster community engagement. Key initiatives, such as digital donation campaigns, symbolic recognition, and community empowerment programs, have strengthened collaboration and ensured the sustainability of Qur'anic education programs. These practices are grounded in Islamic principles like ta'awun (cooperation) and deliberation, providing an adaptable leadership model for contemporary Islamic education. The study highlights the potential of applying the Leadership Challenge framework to address digital-era challenges, offering a replicable and innovative strategy for Islamic educational institutions in diverse contexts.

Javanese language learning especially Javanese script material poses several challenges, so the utilization and implementation of concrete learning media is a promising solution to offer a more interactive learning experience and increase student success. The purpose of this project is to create, test the feasibility, and evaluate the efficacy of employing snake and ladder learning media. Javanese script material in elementary schools. The subjects of the study were 30 grade IV students of SDN 03 Jaten, Karanganyar, Central Java. Research and Development (R&D) uses the Borg and Gall model and collects data through observation, interviews, and tests. The feasibility results of material expert validation obtained a score of 94% which indicates the media is suitable for use and trial. Then the results of media expert validation showed a 93% gain with criteria worthy of trial according to the revision submitted. The result of students' responses to snakes and ladders media was 94.5%. Pretest and posttest values were analyzed to get the normal category, followed by a t-test with a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05. The use of Snakes and Ladders learning media is stated to have a significant effect on Javanese script material in elementary schools. The N-Gain score shows a mean value of 0.5213 which is included in the medium category. Based on the research objectives and problem formulation, it can be concluded that the development of the Snakes and Ladders learning media has an effect on the learning outcomes of class IV students on Javanese script material in accordance with the results of research that researchers have conducted.

Acid mine drainage (AMD), wherein acidic water is generated from pyrite-containing waste rock, can be mitigated by encapsulating pyritic waste rock with cover materials to restrict the inflow of oxygen and water. However, acidic water inevitably forms during the construction of waste rock dumps before applying cover materials. Considering that the presence of waste rock containing carbonate minerals contributes to acid neutralization, a mixture of carbonate minerals and pyritic waste rock can be utilized to reduce AMD generation before the completion of the cover system as a temporary management strategy. This paper examines waste rock management using blending scenarios. Kinetic NAG and column leaching tests were employed to evaluate the blending ratio necessary to prevent acidic water generation. Geochemical analyses were conducted on rock and leachate samples, including pH and temperature measurements, XRD and XRF analyses, and Ion Chromatography. Consequently, the pH and temperature measurement results obtained during the kinetic NAG test are valuable for expressing the balance between acid generation and acid neutralization by the mixture material. Furthermore, the column leaching test demonstrated that the pH of the leachate remained neutral when the acid generation and acid neutralization reactions were well balanced. Blending waste rocks is an effective method for AMD reduction during the construction of waste rock dumps.

Polystyrene, citric, and boric acid are capable of enhancing the quality of bamboo as a raw material for laminated board (LB). Although the characteristics of the modified LB has met the JAS 234 (2003) standard, the resistance against termite and decay attacks was still unknown. In this work, a 6-h immersion time was used to immerse bamboo lamina in polystyrene, citric, and boric acid. Laminated board comprising 3 layers of 30 cm x 15 cm x 1.5 cm (length x width x thickness) were constructed using 280 g/m2 isocyanate adhesive from bamboo lamina using double-spread adhesive method. This was followed by resistance testing against termite wood and decay caused by T. versicolor and F. palustris using the JIS K 1571 (2010) standard. Parameters calculated after testing for termite included weight loss and mortality, while weight loss was determined after evaluating the decay using JIS standard. The results showed that modification with polystyrene, citric, and boric acid slightly increased the resistance of LB from belangke bamboo against termite and decay attacks. In comparison, samples modified with polystyrene had lower weight loss than others, which showed high resistance to attacks. This showed that modification with polystyrene could be recommended to improve the quality of LB from belangke bamboo.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya peningkatan kualitas penelitian berbasis output dan outcome di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN) dengan studi kasus pada UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung dan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua institusi memiliki komitmen kuat dalam meningkatkan kualitas penelitian melalui penyediaan infrastruktur, pelatihan dosen, serta kolaborasi dengan institusi dalam dan luar negeri. Namun, hambatan utama yang dihadapi adalah kompleksitas administratif dan akses yang terbatas terhadap dana penelitian. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menawarkan pendekatan strategis untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut, termasuk penyederhanaan proses administratif dan penguatan sinergi antar institusi. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi PTKIN dalam mengembangkan kebijakan yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan dampak penelitian bagi masyarakat

Software Defect Prediction Dataset as a component of the Software Defect Prediction model has a very vital role. However, NASA Software Defect Prediction has a problem with imbalance in minority data. This study compares the performance of oversampling techniques in overcoming this. A total of 90 oversampling techniques in the form of SMOTE and its variants were used. The results of this study indicate that there is no oversampling technique that is able to overcome this. The original dataset without oversampling shows good performance at the level of accuracy and f1-score but has low performance on auc-score and g-score. Several oversampling techniques show increased performance on auc-score and g-score, unfortunately at the same time showing a decrease in performance on accuracy and f1-score.

The study aims to create a learning media product using Canva for elementary school students to alleviate the lack of learning materials, which has been negatively impacting student academic performance. The research also seeks to evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of the learning media product. This study uses research and development with ADDIE design. The results of the analysis revealed that some students do not meet the minimum standards and require learning tools to improve their skills in cutting and sticking when studying collage topics. This research developed Sitekol media on collage topics in the design stage using Canva and Wordwall applications. The validity test results showed that Sitekol media received a 90% score from media experts for color appearance, image combinations, fonts, media layout, videos, and practical use. Material experts rated it at 95.3% for material aspects, levels of thinking, and supporting learning content. Students also found Canva-based Sitekol learning media to be beneficial as a teaching tool due to its accessibility, portability, convenience, interactive features, and detailed learning media instructions. The statistical tests conducted resulted in significant findings with high average values. Students responded very positively to the practicality of the media, giving an average score of 4.9 out of 5, indicating 98% of the ideal score. It can be concluded that using Canva-based Sitecol learning on grade 1 collage material exhibits practicality and validity as a learning medium.

Water is an inexhaustible resource. In Indonesia there are several areas that have the potential of water energy for electricity production. Water energy can be used for electricity production and supports emission reduction programs because it does not produce CO2 emissions during the electricity production process by water turbines. One of the problems experienced by turbines is damage caused by cavitation. Cavitation itself is the formation of air gas bubbles due to very low pressure reaching below the vapor pressure, so that water evaporates at low pressure. This research was conducted to determine the effect of rotational speed on the potential for cavitation. This research was conducted using the CFD method and using the ANSYS application. In the simulation process, several variables are used, namely rotational speed and fluid velocity. The conclusion of this study is that the higher the rotating speed of a propeller turbine, the higher the cavitation potential that will occur in the propeller turbine. Because the higher the rotational speed of a turbine,so the lower the pressure that occurs in the turbine, this is in accordance with Bernoulli's Law. Suggestions for further research can be done with several modifications or variations of the winglet radius so as to get a better design. In addition, in future research it is also possible to modify the angle of the blade so as to reduce the emergence or formation of gas bubbles on the propeller blades due to decreased pressure.

Lead strontium titanate (Pb1-xSrx)TiO3 (PST) is a ferroelectric perovskite material with tunable properties, including Curie temperature, spontaneous polarization, and high dielectric permittivity, making it promising for advanced biomedical applications, such as biosensors, bioimaging, and light-activated therapeutics. This study investigates the effect of varying sintering temperatures on the crystallite size and phase purity of PST, aiming to optimize its performance for biomedical devices. PbCO3, SrCO3, and TiO2 powders were processed via ball milling for 58 hours, followed by sintering at temperatures ranging from 500°C to 1100°C. Laser diffraction particle size analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assess the particle size and crystal phase transformations. The results demonstrate that higher sintering temperatures improve the PST phase composition, reducing impurities and enhancing crystallite growth. The most significant crystal growth was observed at 900°C, while the optimal phase purity and crystallite size (91.5 nm) were achieved at 1100°C, producing 100% single-phase PST. These findings emphasize the critical role of sintering temperature in tailoring PST’s properties, enhancing its suitability for electronic and microelectronic biomedical devices. Controlled sintering in perovskite materials opens new pathways for their application in medical diagnostics and therapeutic technologies.

Objective: This research aims to develop a biscuit formulation with the substitution of mackerel fish flour and black rice flour as an alternative snack for diabetes mellitus sufferers.Method: This research was an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments, namely 0% (F0), 25% (F1), 50% (F2), and 75% (F3). Organoleptic tests were carried out on 7 trained panelists. The organoleptic test data was tested for normality using the Shapiro Wilk test. The results of the data distribution are normally distributed, so to determine whether there are real differences in each treatment, the data is processed using the ANOVA test at the 5% level, if it is known that there are significant differences (p value

Ability thinks critically is ability to make conclusions and judge authenticity as well as truth something based on prior knowledge-owned. Think critically as a complex process that requires cognitive level in process information. In study literature this will discuss development ability and critical participant education with the MOODLE -Based Blended Problem Based Learning Model to support alternative recovery learning during the endemic period of COVID-19. The MOODLE -Based Blended Problem Based Learning Model is considered suitable for develop ability think critical because Blended Problem Based Learning related learning with real world problems as context for participant educate for study think critical and skills solve problem , the MOODLE -based Learning Management System helps participant educate enter into the room digital class and can access materials learning in blended learning as effort restore educational conditions during the COVID-19 endemic. With thereby study this as solution description learning distance far for development ability think critical during the COVID-19 endemic.

General elections in Indonesia are designed to ensure equality and justice for all voters and candidates, regardless of party affiliation. Despite these principles, election violations do occur, including criminal acts, breaches of ethical standards by election organizers, and administrative violations related to election procedures. To protect the integrity of elections, which is crucial for democracy, lawmakers have classified certain electoral frauds as criminal offenses. The Election Law not only outlines the procedures for conducting elections but also prohibits actions that undermine the fairness of the process and imposes penalties on offenders. The type of research in this study is normative legal research, which is a research method that focuses on written legal norms. accompanied by a comparative study of the country of Nigeria The results showed that the small number of reports of election crimes that continued to the level of investigation, prosecution, and examination in court until the issuance of a permanent legal force decision (inkracht van gewisjde) showed that the handling of election crimes in the elections had not been effective. The same is true for Nigeria through INEC. Although INEC has the authority to initiate cases of electoral offenses, it rarely does so due to a lack of supervisory capacity due to understaffing and the inability or unwillingness of the police to collect evidence and conduct investigations.

This study examines the effectiveness of the fertiliser subsidy program in Aceh Province and its implications for farmer welfare. Although the program seeks to alleviate poverty by reducing production costs and increasing crop yields, the program has yet to yield the expected results. This study employed a qualitative case study approach to analyse the policy's implementation and challenges, focusing on Aceh's unique historical and social context. The study findings reveal that the effectiveness of the policy is hampered by some issues related to resource allocation, communication, administrative governance, and organisational structure. These constraints have prevented the policy from significantly improving the welfare of rice farmers. The study concludes that, although the fertiliser subsidy program has potential, it has not substantially reduced poverty among farmers in Aceh. A significant limitation of this study is its inability to fully assess the potential for increasing government capacity to support farmers due to differences in perceptions and preferences among government actors. This study highlights the need for a more integrated and responsive policy framework to address the unique challenges faced by the agricultural sector in Aceh

The Plasmodium falciparum cytoplasmic tyrosine tRNA synthetase (PfTyrRS) is an attractive drug target that is susceptible to reaction-hijacking by AMP-mimicking nucleoside sulfamates. We previously identified an exemplar pyrazolopyrimidine ribose sulfamate, ML901, as a potent reaction hijacking inhibitor of PfTyrRS. Here we examined the stage specificity of action of ML901, showing very good activity against the schizont stage, but lower trophozoite stage activity. We explored a series of ML901 analogues and identified ML471, which exhibits improved potency against trophozoites and enhanced selectivity against a human cell line. Additionally, it has no inhibitory activity against human ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UAE) in vitro. ML471 exhibits low nanomolar activity against asexual blood stage P. falciparum and potent activity against liver stage parasites, gametocytes and transmissible gametes. It is fast-acting and exhibits a long in vivo half-life. ML471 is well-tolerated and shows single dose oral efficacy in the SCID mouse model of P. falciparum malaria. We confirm that ML471 is a reaction hijacking inhibitor that is converted into a tight binding Tyr-ML471 conjugate by the PfTyrRS enzyme. A crystal structure of the PfTyrRS/ Tyr-ML471 complex offers insights into improved potency, while molecular docking into UAE provides a rationale for improved selectivity.

The environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Nigerian Threatened Native Trees Project are presented. This project conducted propagation trials and developed a freely downloadable online Manual of Tree Propagation (MTP) for 55 native tree species, training 146 local experts (32 women and 114 men) during the period (November 2015—December 2022). We used Google Analytics and interviews to assess the impacts of this project from January 2018—July 2023 (iEcology). Results show that the MTP has been downloaded 1013 times, with the star apple Gambeya albida (76), gum tree Tetrapleura tetraptera (65) and bitter kola Garcinia kola (50) topping the list. These downloads were from 15 countries spread across the world. Interestingly, the seven African countries that downloaded the MTP are concentrated in the tropical belt with similar floristic composition. The native range of almost all the propagated species overlaps with these African countries, suggesting the adoption of our MTP, and practically demonstrating the conservation mantra of “think globally, act locally”. In addition, the MTP has been deployed for academic work (i.e., grey literature) and reforestation (e.g., covering c. 1200 ha in Nigeria). By revealing suitable propagation techniques and training local foresters, our approach could boost the utilization of native tree species for reforestation in Africa.

Article Highlights - Botanical inventory in Halmahera island, North Maluku has found the species Melothria pendula for the first time. - In Indonesia, the species Melothria pendula is previously known only from Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Lesser Sunda Island. - DNA barcodes for the species Melothria pendula from Indonesia firstly deposited in NCBI GenBank. Abstract This study was conducted to explore Melothria pendula on Halmahera Island. Previously, the species is known to occur in Bali, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java (Indonesia), Malay Peninsula, Sabah (Malaysia), as well as the Philippines. Results of this study improved insights into the current knowledge about geographic distribution of Melothria. Moreover, the description of the species, habitat, critical taxonomic notes, color plates, distribution map, and DNA barcode were also presented in this study.

In this study, one-part alkali-activated mortars are formulated using circulating fluidised bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash, derived from lignite (brown coal) combustion, as the precursor, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) as the solid activators. Experimental findings indicate that an increase in solid activator-to-precursor ratio correlates with improved workability and compressive strength of the mortars. The influence of Na2SiO3-to-NaOH ratio on the compressive strength of the mortars is apparent only in mixes with a high solid activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.4 and 0.5, indicating its relatively lesser significance compared to the solid activator-to-precursor ratio. The mechanism through which an increase in the solid activator-to-precursor ratio improves the compressive strength of the mortars is elucidated using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that increasing the solid activator-to-precursor ratio enhances the degree of alkali-activation for fly ash, thereby improving the compressive strength with increasing solid activator-to-precursor ratio.

AbstractThis paper focuses on policy evaluation, which is rarely conducted, particularly ex-ante evaluations. In Indonesia, evaluation of policy ideas before they implement the main objective for toll road development. There are various possibilities that these ideas and decisions are formulated based on incomplete problem identification, formulation, and advocacy that could be more optimal and legitimate issues. The study aims to identify the actual beneficiaries of toll road development policies in agrarian communities that focus on social cost-benefit analysis through the ex-ante evaluation In Indonesia. Data sources were selected based on objectives: local village officials and community members affected by road construction. The case study approach with thematic analysis shows that evaluation is needed to increase the likelihood of policy success, especially in the community, as the main objective of the policy. The description of the problems in the idea and policy decision of toll road construction focuses on the social-economic impact based on the implementation of road construction in the previous stage. The idea of toll road development must recognize the community’s dynamic conditions, including the community’s readiness to accept development results and participate in obtaining optimal results from development. Road development ideas are related to efforts to prepare the human capital of the surrounding community to participate and obtain more significant benefits from development results. Furthermore, we show the importance of community human resource readiness in toll road development as an effort to realize toll road development to reduce economic and social costs. Integrating ex-ante evaluation in toll road development policy provides an understanding of the importance of maximizing development benefits for the stakeholders involved.

Mineral oil-derived lubricants, extracted from fossil fuels, account for approximately 90% of the lubricant market. A large proportion of these lubricants end up in the environment through usage, spillage, and disposal, leading to contamination of aquatic systems, ecosystems, and agricultural lands. To address this, new regulations were released (e.g. Vessel General Permit 2013) to promote the use of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs) over conventional, toxic, non-biodegradable mineral oils. Today, the range of EAL is limited, particularly affecting the maritime sector. Since 2013, the variety and effectiveness of EALs have improved, but further advancements and cost reductions are essential. This study focuses on developing sustainable bio-based additives from microbial processes to enhance EALs. These additives, sourced through fermentation, avoid using fossil fuels and do not require arable land, preserving water resources and food production areas. The research reveals that yeast, high in sulfur and phosphorus, and microbial oils, mainly carboxylic acids, effectively stabilize EAL formulations, reducing friction and wear in water-based lubricants. Microbial oils are superior in reducing friction, while yeast offers better wear protection. This study opens the possibility of incorporating various bio-based products into EALs, providing a sustainable, environmentally friendly option.

AbstractThe small and medium industries are key to improving national and global economies and yet the industries are faced with many challenges in accessing global markets, building global networks and cooperation, and accessing technology. To this end, this study aims to analyze the export development strategy of small and medium industries in Indonesia. The study applied an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by formulating it based on priority factor weights condition, competition, demand condition, and associated supporting industry. In the study, primary data were sourced by giving questionnaires to exporters in small and medium industries, government agencies, academics, trade experts, importers, and Indonesian trade representatives. The empirical strategy revealed that the priority weight of the small and medium industry export development factor was the demand condition factor with a consistency index of 0.007 showing consistent results as it falls below the 0.1 threshold index. The results of the priority weighting of the small and medium industry export development strategy are the development of a marketplace with the results of a consistency index analysis with a value of 0.05 which shows consistent results because the consistency index value is below 0.1. The study further recommends that the government needs to conduct more in-depth research on the nature of consumers at home and abroad. Innovating products by following market developments will help producers attract more consumers. Governments can play an important role in increasing the level of quality and complexity of a country’s comparative advantage.

Crime is one of the problems faced by countries worldwide. Theft, gambling, drug, fraud, persecution, and conflict are among the crimes that commonly occur in Indonesia, which may be accounted for by a range of factors, including economic ones. Land use also emerges as another factor leading to crimes. Land use at the village level can be divided into three categories: undiversified, moderately diversified, and diversified. This work applied two analysis models. First, it employed logistic regression to capture the criminal possibility of each land use category. Second, it applied Ordinary Least Square to view crimes holistically in each land use category. This paper suggests that mixed land use and public space could significantly lower crime probability. Meanwhile, using land as a business and industrial center was found to trigger crimes. The existence of prostitution areas in villages/subdistricts raises the possibility of a rise in human trafficking and sexual Harassment. This study showed that using land as a public space potentially increases conflicts in Indonesia. This study provided the Indonesian government with a new insight to consider when developing an area by taking land use diversity into account in order to minimize crime risks.

The goal of this research is to develop a model employing deep neural networks (DNNs) to predict the effectiveness of mangrove forests in attenuating the impact of tsunami waves. The dataset for the DNN model is obtained by simulating tsunami wave attenuation using the Boussinesq model with a staggered grid approximation. The Boussinesq model for wave attenuation is validated using laboratory experiments exhibiting a mean absolute error (MAE) ranging from 0.003 to 0.01. We employ over 40,000 data points generated from the Boussinesq numerical simulations to train the DNN. Efforts are made to optimize hyperparameters and determine the neural network architecture to attain optimal performance during the training process. The prediction results of the DNN model exhibit a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99560, an MAE of 0.00118, a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.00151, and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3 %. When comparing the DNN model with three alternative machine learning models— support vector regression (SVR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)— the performance of DNN is superior to that of SVR and MLR, but it is similar to XGBoost. • High-accuracy DNN models require hyperparameter optimization and neural network architecture selection. • The error of DNN models in predicting the attenuation of tsunami waves by mangrove forests is less than 3 %. • DNN can serve as an alternate predictive model to empirical formulas or classical numerical models.