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1. Attractor hopping between polarization dynamical states in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to parallel optical injection

Author

Florian Denis-le Coarer, Luis Pesquera, Angel Valle, Miguel A. Rodríguez, Krassimir Panajotov, Ana Quirce, Marc Sciamanna, Methuselah Foundation, Research Foundation - Flanders, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Chaire Photonique, CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria ( IFCA ), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria ( CSIC-UC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria, E-Content, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
VCSELs, Stochastic dynamical systems, 02 engineering and technology, Power law, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Laser dynamics, Polarization, Attractor, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Spontaneous emission, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], ON-OFF INTERMITTENCY, SINGLE-MODE VCSELS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, MULTISTABILITY, COMPLEXITY, OPERATION, NOISE, PARAMETERS, MECHANISM, Multistability, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Polarization (waves), Transverse mode, Fluctuations & noise, Chaos & nonlinear dynamics, Atomic physics, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

We present experimental and theoretical results of noise-induced attractor hopping between dynamical states found in a single transverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel optical injection. These transitions involve dynamical states with different polarizations of the light emitted by the VCSEL. We report an experimental map identifying, in the injected power-frequency detuning plane, regions where attractor hopping between two, or even three, different states occur. The transition between these behaviors is characterized by using residence time distributions. We find multistability regions that are characterized by heavy-tailed residence time distributions. These distributions are characterized by a -1.83±0.17 power law. Between these regions we find coherence enhancement of noise-induced attractor hopping in which transitions between states occur regularly. Simulation results show that frequency detuning variations and spontaneous emission noise play a role in causing switching between attractors. We also find attractor hopping between chaotic states with different polarization properties. In this case, simulation results show that spontaneous emission noise inherent to the VCSEL is enough to induce this hopping., This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE), Spain under project TEC2015-65212-C3-1-P. A.Q. acknowledges FWO for support from a Postdoc fellowship and K.P. is grateful to the Methusalem Foundation for financial support.

Published
2018
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2. Polarization dynamics induced by parallel optical injection in a single-mode VCSEL

Author

Florian Denis-le Coarer, Hugo Thienpont, Ana Quirce, Luis Pesquera, Angel Valle, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Airbus, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Chaire Photonique, CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria ( IFCA ), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria ( CSIC-UC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
VCSELs, chaos, Spontaneous emission, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, FREQUENCY, DIODE, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, nonlinear dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], [PHYS]Physics [physics], Semiconductor lasers, Physics, RESOLVED DYNAMICS, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Single-mode optical fiber, Biasing, locking, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Injection locking, Nonlinear system, Diode Lasers, business, subject
Abstract

We report an experimental study of the polarization nonlinear dynamics in a 1550 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel optical injection. Experimentally measured stability maps identifying regions of different nonlinear dynamics for various values of bias current are reported. We show that VCSELs with more than a 35 dB polarization mode suppression ratio can have rich nonlinear dynamics in both linear polarizations, including periodic and chaotic behaviors appearing simultaneously in both polarization modes., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (TEC2015-65212-C3-1-P); Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-12-JS03-005); Prefecture de Region Grand-Est (Chair in Photonics, FEDER [PHOTON, APOLLO], FNADT[APOLLO, PIANO]); AIRBUS-GDI Simulation; Metz Metropole; Conseil Departemental de Moselle; Conseil Regional Grand-Est.

Published
2017
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3. Injection locking and polarization switching bistability in a 1550 nm VCSEL subject to parallel optical injection

Author

Pablo Pérez, Florian Denis-le Coarer, Marc Sciamanna, Hugo Thienpont, Luis Pesquera, Angel Valle, Ana Quirce, Krassimir Panajotov, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Laboratoire matériaux organiques à propriétés spécifiques ( LMOPS ), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces ( LEPMI ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Centro de estudios e investigaciones laborales del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas de Argentina ( CEIL-PIETTE DEL CONICET ), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires], Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria ( IFCA ), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria ( CSIC-UC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria, CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centro de estudios e investigaciones laborales [Buenos Aires] (CEIL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
VCSELs, Materials science, Bistability, bistability, Optical bistability, 02 engineering and technology, Laser mode locking, Semiconductor laser theory, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Semiconductor lasers, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Optical polarization, injection-locked lasers, Optical coupling, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, Optoelectronics, business, Optical attenuators, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Abstract

We present experimental and theoretical results of bistable polarization switching in a single transverse mode 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel optical injection. We focus our analysis on the bistability induced by power variation of the master laser found on the recently observed state of simultaneous injection locking of the parallel polarization mode and excitation of the orthogonal polarization mode, IL+PS. Experimental stability maps identifying, in the injected power-frequency detuning plane, where this state is observed, and corresponding bistable regions are reported for several bias currents. We find bistability between the IL+PS state and the single polarization mode injection locked solution. We also find bistability between the IL+PS and different periodic dynamics in the parallel polarization mode. The width of the hysteresis cycle increases when increasing the bias current or when increasing the wavelength of the optical injection beyond the solitary VCSEL wavelength. We theoretically confirm these types of bistability by numerically simulating the spin-flip model and by performing a linear stability analysis for the different stable states. Excellent agreement is found between experimental and theoretical results.

Published
2017
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4. One way synchronization of polarization chaos from a solitary Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Martin Virte, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Chaotic, Physics::Optics, Laser damage threshold, 01 natural sciences, Optical simulations, Synchronization, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Atomic force microscopy, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 010306 general physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Semiconductor lasers, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], LIGHT-POLARIZATION, Polarization (waves), Laser, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Unidirectional coupling, Nonlinear system, Chaos, business
Abstract

International audience; We investigate theoretically the synchronization properties of the polarization chaos dynamics generated by a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Here, we focus on a one-way master-slave configuration - or unidirectional coupling - with two chaotic VCSELs. The spin-flip model is used to model the two devices and derived to account for the coupling between them. We demonstrate that the chaotic dynamics generated by the two lasers can indeed synchronize in the proposed configuration. The synchronization appears to be of high quality as we obtain a high-level of similarity between the emission characteristics of the master and slave laser dynamics.

Published
2016
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5. Nonlinear dynamics of a laser diode with an injection of an optical frequency comb

Author

Yaya Doumbia, Delphine Wolfersberger, Tushar Malica, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Frequency comb, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, LOCKING, CHAOS, GENERATION, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Laser diode, laser diode, business.industry, Nonlinear Laser Dynamics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Injection locking, Nonlinear system, Semiconductor, Amplitude, 0210 nano-technology, business, Optical Frequency Combs
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the variety of the nonlinear dynamics exhibited by a single frequency semiconductor laser subjected to optical injection from a frequency comb. The injection parameters (the detuning and the injection strength) and the comb properties (comb spacing and the amplitude of the injected comb lines) are varied to unveil several dynamics such as injection locking, wave-mixing, chaotic dynamics, and unlocked time-periodic dynamics corresponding to new comb solutions. The asymmetry of the injected comb is shown to modify the size of the injection locking region in the parameter space, as well as the common properties between the new comb solutions observed and the injected comb.

Published
2020
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6. Frequency comb customization by controlling the optical injection dynamics

Author

Tushar Malica, Yaya Doumbia, Krassimir Panajotov, Delphine Wolfersberger, Marc Sciamanna, Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Sciamanna, Marc, Michalzik, Rainer, Panajotov, Krassimir, Hofling, Sven, Brussels Photonics Team, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Doumbia, Yaya

Subjects
Materials science, animal structures, Physics::Optics, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, SUBJECT, STABILITY, LOCKING, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], law.invention, 010309 optics, Frequency comb, Fundamental difference, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Times periodic dynamics, Optical injection locking, [PHYS]Physics [physics], choas, business.industry, Dynamics (mechanics), fungi, Single-mode optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Nonlinear system, Semiconductor, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; This work reports on numerical analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser subject to an optical injection with a frequency comb. We identified the fundamental difference between the single mode injection and frequency comb injection. By varying the injection parameters (detuning and injection ratio), the results show that the slave laser is able to reproduce the injected frequency comb (new comb) in different parameters regions. The appearance of the new comb depends on the number of injected comb lines for fixed comb properties.

Published
2020

7. Optical injection dynamics of frequency combs

Author

Tushar Malica, Marc Sciamanna, Delphine Wolfersberger, Krassimir Panajotov, Yaya Doumbia, Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Sharpening, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Frequency comb, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, Optical Injection, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics::Atomic Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Semiconductor Laser, business.industry, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Pulse (physics), Injection locking, Semiconductor, Quantum dot laser, business, Frequency Combs
Abstract

International audience; We analyze the nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser with optical injection from a frequency comb. When varying both the injection parameters (detuning and injection ratio) and the comb properties (number of comb lines and comb spacing), we identify and select several dynamics, including (1) injection locking with selective amplification of the comb line that shows the smallest detuning from the injected laser, (2) unlocked time-periodic dynamics that correspond to a new frequency comb with a broadened optical spectrum, thereby sharpening the pulse generated at the injected laser output, and (3) unlocked chaotic dynamics.

Published
2020
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8. Electro-Absorption Modulator Vertically Integrated on a VCSEL: Microstrip-Based High-Speed Electrical Injection on Top of a BCB Layer

Author

Aurélie Lecestre, Hugo Thienpont, Christophe Viallon, Ayad Ghannam, Guilhem Almuneau, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Rumeau, Alexandre Arnoult, Krassimir Panajotov, Laurent Mazenq, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), 3DiS Technologies, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Materials science, Electro-absorption modulator, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, Microstrip, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Benzocyclobutene, High-speed modulation, high-speed modulation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, electro-absorption modulator, Output impedance, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, BCB, business.industry, Coplanar waveguide, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical contacts, chemistry, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business, BENZOCYCLOBUTENE, FABRICATION, PASSIVATION, FILMS
Abstract

International audience; Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with vertically integrated electro-absorption modulators (EAM-VCSELs) potentially can reach higher modulation bandwidths than directly current-modulated VCSELs. The aforementioned device modulation capabilities are, however, currently restricted by their electrical contact parasitics. It, thus, becomes critical to optimize their access line to improve performance. In this paper, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate that a microstrip (MS) access line using a planarized benzocyclobutene (BCB) layer exhibits improved high-frequency characteristics compared to the coplanar waveguide (CPW) access line used to-date, since it reduces the losses induced by the doped substrates. We also use this opportunity to introduce an innovative technique for BCB layer planarization, which is not only compatible with the EAM-VCSEL double-mesa structure, but is also independent of the device pitch. The resulting BCB layer dielectric permittivity and losses are measured up to 100 GHz, and a side-by-side comparison of the electrical response of three-electrodes MS and CPW access lines is subsequently carried out. Finally, using the measured pad and access line RF responses and the EAM modulation characteristics, the devices with MS access are shown to be no longer limited by their electrode parasitics, but by the modulator internal impedance.

Published
2019
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9. 29GHz-bandwidth monolithically integrated EAM-VCSEL

Author

Alexandre Rumeau, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Christophe Viallon, Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Antoine Monmayrant, Alexandre Arnoult, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Almuneau, Guilhem, Technology Transfer & Interface, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB)

Subjects
Physics, Contact pad, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business.industry, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Bandwidth (signal processing), [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Laser, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Modulation, law, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Access line, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Carrier dynamics, business, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; The increase in modulation bandwidth of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) can be achieved through the vertical integration of a modulator onto the laser. This approach has already been proposed and demonstrated to be competitive [1-3]. In this specific case, a double mesa structure with three contacts is needed to apply a high-frequency voltage signal to the modulator section and inject a CW current into the underlying VCSEL section. The middle contact serves as a shared ground. Indeed, splitting the emitting and the modulating parts circumvents the carrier dynamics limitation of the modulation bandwidth encountered in direct current-modulated VCSELs. However, the parasitic capacitances of the access line and contact pad play a significant role in the high-frequency limit of such a device. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and modulation characteristics of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) vertically-integrated onto an 850-nm VCSEL that is compatible with high-frequency operation. The two optical cavities are such that their mutual optical coupling is small to improve the modulation properties at high frequencies. This EAM-VCSEL device has been successfully fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, followed by an original technological process [4]. In particular, planarized BCB layers and microstrip access lines have been implemented to optimize the high-frequency signal injection. Thanks to the optimized wavelength detuning between the cavities resonances of the EAM and the VCSEL and respectively to the quantum well absorption tail of the modulator, the EAM modulator exhibits a modulation depth of more than 40% within a 4V span. This vertically integrated EAM-VCSEL approach enables also to minimize the wavelength chirp during the modulation, which in our case is lower than 80 pm. Finally, 3-dB frequency bandwidths up to 29 GHz were measured on both stand-alone vertical EAM devices and vertically-integrated EAM-VCSELs. (a) (b)Fig. 1 (a) Schematics of the EAM-VCSEL structure under study with planarized BCB and (b) high-frequency modulation response of the EAM-VCSEL device with different DC bias voltages applied to the EAM.

Published
2019
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10. Photo-crosslinkable recombinant collagen mimics for tissue engineering applications

Author

Marica Markovic, Liesbeth Tytgat, Maxime Vagenende, Hugo Thienpont, Taimoor H. Qazi, Christian Rolando, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Heidi Ottevaere, Peter Dubruel, José C. Martins, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Fabrice Bray, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - USR 3290 (MSAP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Faculty of Sciences, Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - UAR 3290 (MSAP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)

Subjects
food.ingredient, Biocompatibility, IN-VITRO, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, GELATIN METHACRYLOYL, HYDROGELS. PART, BEHAVIOR, Biomedical Engineering, Adipose tissue, Biocompatible Materials, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Gelatin, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Tissue engineering, medicine, Methacrylamide, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration (biology), Biology and Life Sciences, Biomaterial, General Chemistry, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Collagen, Swelling, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Gelatin is frequently used in various biomedical applications. However, gelatin is generally extracted from an animal source, which can result in issues with reproducibility as well as pathogen transmittance. Therefore, we have investigated the potential of a recombinant peptide based on collagen I (RCPhC1) for tissue engineering applications and more specifically for adipose tissue regeneration. In the current paper, RCPhC1 was functionalized with photo-crosslinkable methacrylamide moieties to enable subsequent UV-induced crosslinking in the presence of a photo-initiator. The resulting biomaterial (RCPhC1-MA) was characterized by evaluating the crosslinking behaviour, the mechanical properties, the gel fraction, the swelling properties and the biocompatibility. The obtained results were compared with the data obtained for methacrylamide-modified gelatin (Gel-MA). The results indicated that the properties of RCPhC1-MA networks are comparable to those of animal-derived Gel-MA. RCPhC1-MA is thus an attractive synthetic alternative for animal-derived Gel-MA and is envisioned to be applicable for a wide range of tissue engineering purposes.

Published
2019
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11. High frequency operation of an integrated electro-absorption modulator onto a VCSEL

Author

Marigo-Lombart, Ludovic, Rumeau, Alexandre, Viallon, Christophe, Arnoult, Alexandre, CALVEZ, Stéphane, Monmayrant, Antoine, Gauthier-Lafaye, Olivier, Rosales, R, Lott, J, Thienpont, H, Panajotov, K, Almuneau, Guilhem, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; We present in this paper the vertical integration of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) onto a VCSEL. We discuss the design, fabrication, and measured characteristics of the combined VCSEL and EAM. We previously demonstrated a standalone EAM with an optical bandwidth around 30 GHz. In this paper we present for the first time an optical bandwidth of 30 GHz for an electro-absorption modulator integrated onto a VCSEL. This device exhibits single-mode operation and a very low chirp, below 0.1 nm, even with a modulation depth of 70 % which makes this device very competitive for high-speed communications in data centers.

Published
2019
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12. Precise characterisation of isolated molecules: general discussion

Author

Ingo Fischer, Ad van der Avoird, Stephen R. Leone, David M. Benoit, Graham A. Worth, Roland Wester, F. A. Gianturco, Jens Petersen, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Anne B. McCoy, Petr Slavíček, Paul L. Houston, Matthieu Besemer, Thierry Stoecklin, Joel M. Bowman, David C. Clary, Robert J. Donovan, Roberto Linguerri, Stephen E. Bradforth, Majdi Hochlaf, Uwe Manthe, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Xiao Shan, Peter J. Knowles, Jeremy O. Richardson, Zlatko Bačić, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Chemistry, business.industry, MEDLINE, 02 engineering and technology, Computational biology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Text mining, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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13. Molecules in confinement in liquid solvents: general discussion

Author

Jeremy O. Richardson, Martin Dracinsky, Petr Slavíček, Adam Kirrander, Majdi Hochlaf, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Loren Ban, Jens Petersen, Ingo Fischer, Robert W. Góra, Anne B. McCoy, Joel M. Bowman, Gilberte Chambaud, Stephen E. Bradforth, Mikołaj J. Janicki, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), and Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB)

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical physics, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Faraday Discussions, 212, ISSN:1359-6640, ISSN:1364-5498

Published
2018
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14. Quantum dynamics of isolated molecules: general discussion

Author

Majdi Hochlaf, Ingo Fischer, Joel M. Bowman, Uwe Manthe, Robert J. Donovan, Adam Kirrander, Thierry Stoecklin, Jens Petersen, Dmitri Babikov, David C. Clary, Stephen R. Leone, David M. Benoit, Roland Wester, Anne B. McCoy, Jeremy O. Richardson, Petr Slavíček, F. A. Gianturco, Timothy A. H. Burd, Susmita Kar, Ad van der Avoird, Graham A. Worth, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Thomas Malcomson, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Marquette University, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marquette University [Milwaukee], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Physics, Chemical physics, Quantum dynamics, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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15. Molecules in confinement in clusters, quantum solvents and matrices: general discussion

Author

Ingo Fischer, Martin Dracinsky, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Majdi Hochlaf, Claudine Crépin, Zlatko Bačić, Ad van der Avoird, David M. Benoit, Halima Mouhib, Irena Kratochvílová, Jun Miyazaki, F. A. Gianturco, David C. Clary, Malgorzata Biczysko, Timothy A. H. Burd, Joel M. Bowman, Jeremy O. Richardson, Peter M. Felker, Thierry Stoecklin, Chun Mei Liu, Karel Kouril, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Petr Slavíček, Anne B. McCoy, Gilberte Chambaud, Stephen E. Bradforth, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department [UCLA] (UCLA-CS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy and Material Processing, University of Shanghai [Shanghai], Institute of Physical Chemistry [Aachen] (IPC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Physics, Chemical physics, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract

Faraday Discussions, 212, ISSN:1359-6640, ISSN:1364-5498

Published
2018
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16. High frequency characterization of a vertical electro-absorption modulator for data communications

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Christophe Viallon, Guilhem Almuneau, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Alexandre Rumeau, Krassimir Panajotov, Antoine Monmayrant, Hugo Thienpont, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), IEEE, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Faculty of Engineering, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Signal processing, Materials science, Computer Networks and Communications, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, 01 natural sciences, Vertical integration, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, modulator, electro-absorption, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Characterization (materials science), Photodiode, high-frequency, Modulation, Optical fiber coupling, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

This paper describes the high-frequency characterizations of a vertical electro-absorption modulator (EAM) to ensure its monolithic integration onto a VCSEL for data communications. Splitting the emitting and the modulating parts is an attractive approach compared to directly current-modulated VCSEL since it releases the intrinsic limitations due to carriers dynamics that occurs in such VCSEL device. It is, in this aim, utmost to thoroughly characterize and understand the properties and performances of the vertically integrated EAM under high frequency operation, as it will be decisive for the application of EAM-VCSEL to very high data-rate communications. EAM measurements, presented up to 40 GHz, require a precise control of the optical fiber coupling and a precise evaluation of the injection losses over the full frequency range.

Published
2018

17. Integration of Electro-Absorption Modulator in a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

Author

Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Hugo Thienpont, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Rumeau, Alexandre Arnoult, Krassimir Panajotov, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), SPIE, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Quantum-confined Stark effect, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Microstrip, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, Amplitude modulation, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Parasitic capacitance, law, Modulation, 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; VCSELs became dominant laser sources in many short optical link applications such as datacenter, active cables, etc. Actual standards and commercialized VCSEL are providing 25 Gb/s data rates, but new solutions are expected to settle the next device generation enabling 100 Gb/s. Directly modulated VCSEL have been extensively studied and improved to reach bandwidths in the range of 26-32 GHz [Chalmers, TU Berlin], however at the price of increased applied current and thus reduced device lifetime. Furthermore, the relaxation oscillation limit still subsists with this solution. Thus, splitting the emission and the modulation functions as done with DFB lasers is a very promising alternative [TI-Tech, TU Berlin]. Here, we study the vertical integration of an Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) within a VCSEL, where the output light of the VCSEL is modulated through the EAM section. In our original design, we finely optimized the EAM design to maximize the modulation depth by implementing perturbative Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) calculations, while designing the vertical integration of the EAM without penalty on the VCSEL static performances. We will present the different fabricated vertical structures, as well as the experimental electrical and optical static measurements for those configurations demonstrating a very good agreement with the reflectivity and absorption simulations obtained for both the VCSEL and the EAM-VCSEL structures. Finally, to reach very high frequency modulation we studied the BCB electrical properties up to 110 GHz and investigated coplanar and microstrip lines access to decrease both the parasitic capacitance and the influence of the substrate. 100 words: In this presentation, we describe the operation of Multiple-Quantum-Wells Asymmetric Fabry-Perot modulator, vertically integrated into a VCSEL structure for high-speed modulation. First we optimize the Electro-Absorptive Modulator (EAM) and the EAM-VCSEL structures by utilizing a perturbative quantum-confined Stark-effect and transfer matrix calculations. Then we present experimental reflectivity, LIV curves and photocurrent measurements and demonstrate very good agreement with our modelling results. High frequency measurements of BCB electrical response up to 110 GHz are carried out to estimate the parasitic effects due to the pad configuration and the impact of the substrate.

Published
2018
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18. Vertical integration of an electro-absorption modulator within a VCSEL device

Author

Guilhem Almuneau, Aurélie Lecestre, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Benjamin Reig, Alexandre Arnoult, Alexandre Rumeau, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Fabrication, Computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, 02 engineering and technology, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, electro-absorption modulator, self-aligned technological processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), BCB planarization, Laser, high-frequency modulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, vertical cavity lasers, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Microwave
Abstract

International audience; The huge increase of datacom traffic requires laser sources of ever-widening modulation bandwidth. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) are strategically relevant given that their wide use for short communication links such as in datacenters and are, in light of recent developments, good candidates to address such demands. We propose to increase the modulation bandwidth by vertically integrating a continuous-wave VCSEL with a high-speed electroabsorption modulator (EAM-VCSEL). We will present our studies on the electrical and optical designs, on the development of optimized fabrication steps and on the microwave characterizations leading to the realization of integrated EAM-VCSEL devices.

Published
2017
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19. Oxide-confined VCSELs fabricated with a simple self-aligned process flow

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alexandre Arnoult, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, self-aligned, oxidation, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, VCSEL, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Etching (microfabrication), law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lithography, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Self-aligned, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Dry etching, Photolithography, Photonics, business, lasers
Abstract

International audience; We propose a simplified and easier fabrication process flow for the manufacturing of AlOx-confined VCSELs based on combining the oxidation step with a self-aligned process, allowing the mesa etching and two successive lift-off steps based on a single lithography step. The electro-optical confinement achieved by standard lateral oxidation enables a low threshold and a single mode behaviour for the VCSEL. This simplified process can largely improve VCSEL manufacturing by reducing the processing time and costs compared to the standard VCSEL process. Introduction: Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) have become the preferred light sources in many photonic systems, enabling short-link interconnections [1] but also in other emerging mass-market applications like sensing and detection [2]. The large production volume of VCSELs would benefit from a simplification of the manufacturing process flow that may largely increase the cost-effectiveness. Indeed, compared to the LED and LDs, the VCSEL fabrication process flow requires a large number of elementary steps defined by successive inter-aligned photolithography levels. A precision in the micron range is required to ensure the lateral alignment between the optical waveguide and the electrical injection. For these reasons, one of the most important concerns for the VCSEL manufacturers is to improve the production throughput by lowering the fabrication time and cost per wafer. The development of a self-aligned process is of great interest as already demonstrated for the fabrication of high performance HBT transistors or ridge lasers [3,4]. To that extent, Al-Omari [5] used a top metallic contact deposited over a photoresist layer as a hard mask to dry-etch the VCSEL mesa. Chua [6] developed a pseudo-planar approach by opening via holes down to the AlAs layer to carry out the lateral oxidation. This process has subsequently been improved by Strzelecka [7] to increase the device density. Recently, we have shown that air-post VCSELs could be created using an innovative self-aligned process, which combined several masking and lift-off steps defined by a single lithographic step [8]. In this paper, we extend this work and propose a new process flow to fabricate, in a very simple and straightforward way, the widely-used oxide-confined VCSELs. The demonstrated process drastically simplifies the oxide-confined VCSEL fabrication by reducing the total number of lithographic alignment steps from four or more to only one alignment, with the additional advantage of relieving the required tolerances. This process flow, most suitable for 3D imaging and sensing applications, can also be easily implemented for the fabrication of other optoelectronic devices such as modulators, ridge waveguide lasers, detectors, solar cells or any process combining dry etch, passivation and metallization.

Published
2017
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20. Analysis of the polarization of single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subject to parallel optical injection

Author

Angel Valle, Luis Pesquera, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alexandra Popp, Marc Sciamanna, Yanhua Hong, Florian Denis-le Coarer, Ana Quirce, Pablo Pérez, Research Foundation - Flanders, Université de Lorraine (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
bistability, chaos, Physics::Optics, Optical power, 02 engineering and technology, injection locked, DIODE, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, PARAMETERS, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, vcsels, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Spontaneous emission, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Physics, Semiconductor lasers, business.industry, Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, Single-mode optical fiber, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, dynamics, locking, Polarization (waves), SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Injection locking, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Bistability, business
Abstract

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the polarization switching found in single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) when subject to parallel optical injection. Our analysis focuses on a recently observed state in which injection locking of the parallel polarization and excitation of the free-running orthogonal polarization of the VCSEL are obtained. A simple nonlinear dependence between the power of both linear polarizations and the frequency detuning is found. Also, the total power emitted by the VCSEL is constant and independent of the injected optical power and the frequency detuning. We check these results experimentally for a variety of frequency detunings and bias currents applied to the device. We report experimental and theoretical stability maps in the injected power-frequency detuning plane for different bias currents, identifying the regions in which the state is observed. A simple analytical expression that describes the map boundary for large and negative frequency detunings is obtained. This provides a simple method to extract the linear dichroism of the device., Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-12-JS03-005); Ser Cymru National Research Network in Advanced Engineering and Materials; Prefecture de Lorraine and SGAR (APOLLO [FEDER/FNADT], PHOTON project [FEDER]); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE) (TEC2015-65212-C3-1-P).

Published
2017
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21. Probing Quantum Memory Effects in the Single Photon Regime

Author

Carlos, Belmonte, VandenBerghe, Frederik, Panajotov, Krassimir, Durt, Thomas, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), CLARTE (CLARTE), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Durt, Thomas

Subjects
[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

22. Nonlinear Dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers: Deterministic Chaos and Random Number Generation

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Tlidi, Mustapha, Clerc, Marcel, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA)

Subjects
Physics, Polynomial chaos, Chaotic, Physics::Optics, Laser, Polarization (waves), DIODE, 01 natural sciences, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Nonlinear system, symbols.namesake, RANDOM BIT GENERATION, law, Optical cavity, 0103 physical sciences, POLARIZATION PROPERTIES, symbols, Stokes parameters, Statistical physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Selected Lectures; International audience; We report on chaotic polarization fluctuations generated from a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, and investigate in details the VCSEL dynamics and its potential application. We provide new experimental evidences of asymmetrical behaviour of VCSEL polarization dynamics, and show that considering a slight misalignment of the anisotropies of the laser cavity allows to reproduce these dynamics numerically. Finally, we propose a simple scheme for random bit generation exploiting polarization chaos , and experimentally demonstrate a 100 Gbps random generation rate.

Published
2016
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23. Transverse Mode Switching and Locking in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Subject to Orthogonal Optical Injection

Author

Angel Valle, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Applied Physics and Photonics, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
POLARIZATION PROPERTIES, LIGHT INJECTION, semiconductor lasers, 02 engineering and technology, optical switches, 01 natural sciences, Optical bistability, Semiconductor laser theory, light polarisation, surface emitting lasers, 010309 optics, MECHANISMS, GENERATION, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, optical bistability, DYNAMICS, VCSELS, FEEDBACK, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, laser cavity resonators, laser modes, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Linear polarization, BEHAVIOR, TRANSMISSION, Optical polarization, laser mode locking, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, Transverse plane, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business
Abstract

©2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.; In this paper, we report on theoretical and experimental investigation on polarization and transverse mode behavior of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under orthogonal optical injection as a function of the injection strength and of the detuning between the injection frequency and the free-running frequency of the solitary laser. As the injection strength increases the VCSEL switches to the master laser polarization. We find that the injection power necessary to obtain such polarization switching is minimum at two different values of the frequency detuning: the first one corresponds to the frequency splitting between the two linearly polarized fundamental transverse modes, and the second one appears at a larger positive frequency detuning, close to the frequency difference between the first-order and the fundamental transverse modes of the solitary VCSEL. We show theoretically that both the depth and the frequency corresponding to the second minimum increase when the relative losses between the two transverse modes decrease. Bistability of the polarization switching is obtained for the whole frequency detuning range. Such a bistability is found for the fundamental mode only or for both transverse modes, depending on the value of the detuning. The theoretical and experimental optical spectra are in good agreement showing that the first-order transverse mode appears locked to the external injection.

Published
2007
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24. Mapping of the Dynamics Induced by Orthogonal Optical Injection in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Ignace Gatare, J.B. Altes, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, the output characteristics of an oxide-confined AlGaAs-As quantum well vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under orthogonal optical injection are mapped as a function of the strength of the optical injection and the detuning between the injection frequency and the free-running frequency of the solitary laser, for a very large range of frequency detuning (from -82 to 89 GHz). The injection light is polarized orthogonally with respect to the solitary VCSEL output light. As the injection strength increases the VCSEL switches to the master laser polarization. Polarization switching is accompanied by a rich nonlinear dynamics, including limit cycle, wave mixing, subharmonic resonance and period doubling route to chaos. Polarization switching is found with but also without injection locking. Injection locking occurs with the slave fundamental transverse mode or, for large positive detunings, with the first-order transverse mode.

Published
2006
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25. Physical random bit generation from chaotic solitary laser diode

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Martin Virte, Emeric Mercier, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Random number generation, Chaotic, Optical communication, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Entropy (information theory), Randomness, Physics, Laser diode, business.industry, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, Laser, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, DYNAMICS, AMPLIFICATION, FEEDBACK, SYSTEMS, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), business, Optics (physics.optics), INJECTED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We demonstrate the physical generation of random bits at high bit rates (> 100 Gb/s) using optical chaos from a solitary laser diode and therefore without the complex addition of either external optical feedback or injection. This striking result is obtained despite the low dimension and relatively small bandwidth of the laser chaos, i.e. two characteristics that have been so far considered as limiting the performances of optical chaos-based applications. We unambiguously attribute the successful randomness at high speed to the physics of the laser chaotic polarization dynamics and the resulting growth rate of the dynamical entropy., 14 pages, 3 figures, submitted

Published
2014
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26. Bistability of time-periodic polarization dynamics in a free-running VCSEL

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Martin Virte, Emeric Mercier, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Bistability, business.industry, Linear polarization, Elliptical polarization, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, Optics, Amplitude, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, Bifurcation, Circular polarization, ANISOTROPIES, MODE
Abstract

We report experimentally a bistability between two limit cycles (i.e. time-periodic dynamics) in a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The two limit cycles originate from a bifurcation on two elliptically polarized states which exhibit a small frequency difference and whose main axes are symmetrical with respect to the linear polarization eigenaxes at threshold. We demonstrate theoretically that this peculiar behavior can be explained in the framework of the spin-flip model model by taking into account a small misalignment between the phase and amplitude anisotropies. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America

Published
2014
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27. Mode competition induced by optical feedback in two-color quantum dot lasers

Author

Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Optical amplifier, Physics, Distributed feedback laser, LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS, EXCITED-STATE, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optical bistability, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical phase space, Quantum dot laser, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Ground state, Lasing threshold
Abstract

International audience; We investigate theoretically the impact of optical feedback on quantum dot two-color laser dynamics when emitting from both the excited and the ground states. Detailed analysis of the laser dynamics is provided by numerical integrations and continuation techniques, as well as by analytical methods. As the feedback strength is increased the quantum dot laser undergoes a sequence of bifurcations involving steady-states, external cavity modes, self-pulsations and chaos. Furthermore, we report on two interesting mode competition results. First, the optical feedback favors the ground state emission; hence an increase of the feedback strength will generally lead to an increase of the ground state emission output power. Second, the optical feedback can select one lasing state or induce bistable switchings between different steady-states depending on the feedback strength and the injection current.

Published
2013
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28. Feedback stabilization of discrete-time quantum systems subject to non-demolition measurements with imperfections and delays

Author

Hadis Amini, Igor Dotsenko, C. Sayrin, Ram Somaraju, Pierre Rouchon, Mazyar Mirrahimi, Centre Automatique et Systèmes (CAS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), SIgnals and SYstems in PHysiology & Engineering (SISYPHE), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Markov process, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum system, FOS: Mathematics, Statistical physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics, Markov chain, Stochastic matrix, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Observable, Metzler matrix, Control and Systems Engineering, Optimization and Control (math.OC), symbols, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Stationary state
Abstract

We consider a controlled quantum system whose finite dimensional state is governed by a discrete-time nonlinear Markov process. In open-loop, the measurements are assumed to be quantum non-demolition (QND). The eigenstates of the measured observable are thus the open-loop stationary states: they are used to construct a closed-loop supermartingale playing the role of a strict control Lyapunov function. The parameters of this supermartingale are calculated by inverting a Metzler matrix that characterizes the impact of the control input on the Kraus operators defining the Markov process. The resulting state feedback scheme, taking into account a known constant delay, provides the almost sure convergence of the controlled system to the target state. This convergence is ensured even in the case where the filter equation results from imperfect measurements corrupted by random errors with conditional probabilities given as a left stochastic matrix. Closed-loop simulations corroborated by experimental data illustrate the interest of such nonlinear feedback scheme for the photon box, a cavity quantum electrodynamics system., Comment: submitted (16 pages, 4 figures)

Published
2013
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29. Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Martin Virte, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS, Chaotic, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Lyapunov exponent, Elliptical polarization, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, RANDOM BIT GENERATION, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, TIME-SERIES, CAVITY, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nonlinear coupling, Physics, Laser diode, FEEDBACK, INSTABILITIES, COMMUNICATION, business.industry, Polarization (waves), Laser, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics, Nonlinear system, symbols, Optoelectronics, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

Fifty years after the invention of the laser diode and fourty years after the report of the butterfly effect - i.e. the unpredictability of deterministic chaos, it is said that a laser diode behaves like a damped nonlinear oscillator. Hence no chaos can be generated unless with additional forcing or parameter modulation. Here we report the first counter-example of a free-running laser diode generating chaos. The underlying physics is a nonlinear coupling between two elliptically polarized modes in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. We identify chaos in experimental time-series and show theoretically the bifurcations leading to single- and double-scroll attractors with characteristics similar to Lorenz chaos. The reported polarization chaos resembles at first sight a noise-driven mode hopping but shows opposite statistical properties. Our findings open up new research areas that combine the high speed performances of microcavity lasers with controllable and integrated sources of optical chaos., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013
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30. Design and Stability of Discrete-Time Quantum Filters with Measurement Imperfections

Author

C. Sayrin, Igor Dotsenko, Pierre Rouchon, Abhinav Somaraju, Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Centre Automatique et Systèmes (CAS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Quantum decoherence, Equations, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic measurements, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Mathematical model, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control theory, Quantum state, 0103 physical sciences, Kernel adaptive filter, Applied mathematics, 010306 general physics, Cavity resonators, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics, Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Adaptive filter, Filter design, Photonics, Error analysis, Filter (video), Recursive filter, Ensemble Kalman filter, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

This work considers the theory underlying a discrete-time quantum filter recently used in a quantum feedback experiment. It proves that this filter taking into account decoherence and measurement errors is optimal and stable. We present the general framework underlying this filter and show that it corresponds to a recursive expression of the least-square optimal estimation of the density operator in the presence of measurement imperfections. By measurement imperfections, we mean in a very general sense unread measurement performed by the environment (decoherence) and active measurement performed by non-ideal detectors. However, we assume to know precisely all the Kraus operators and also the detection error rates. Such recursive expressions combine well known methods from quantum filtering theory and classical probability theory (Bayes' law). We then demonstrate that such a recursive filter is always stable with respect to its initial condition: the fidelity between the optimal filter state (when the initial filter state coincides with the real quantum state) and the filter state (when the initial filter state is arbitrary) is a sub-martingale., Comment: Submitted to the American Control Conference 2012

Published
2011
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31. Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of the methyl radical isotopomers, CH3, CH2D, CHD2 and CD3: synergy between VUV synchrotron radiation experiments and explicitly correlated coupled cluster calculations

Author

Peter Botschwina, Stéphane Douin, Bastian Noller, Bérenger Gans, Gustavo A. Garcia, Jan Zabka, Patrick Hemberger, Christian Alcaraz, Luiz A. Vieira Mendes, Héloïse Soldi-Lose, Mohamed Elhanine, Barbara Cunha de Miranda, Ingo Fischer, Séverine Boyé-Péronne, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal Fluminense [Rio de Janeiro] (UFF), J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Georg-August-University [Göttingen]

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 010304 chemical physics, Chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Methyl radical, Synchrotron radiation, Configuration interaction, Photon energy, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Isotopomers, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coupled cluster, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics
Abstract

Threshold photoelectron spectra (TPES) of the isotopomers of the methyl radical (CH(3), CH(2)D, CHD(2), and CD(3)) have been recorded in the 9.5-10.5 eV VUV photon energy range using third generation synchrotron radiation to investigate the vibrational spectroscopy of the corresponding cations at a 7-11 meV resolution. A threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) spectrometer based on velocity map imaging and Wiley-McLaren time-of-flight has been used to simultaneously record the TPES of several radical species produced in a Ar-seeded beam by dc flash-pyrolysis of nitromethane (CH(x)D(y)NO(2), x + y = 3). Vibrational bands belonging to the symmetric stretching and out-of-plane bending modes have been observed and P, Q, and R branches have been identified in the analysis of the rotational profiles. Vibrational configuration interaction (VCI), in conjunction with near-equilibrium potential energy surfaces calculated by the explicitly correlated coupled cluster method CCSD(T*)-F12a, is used to calculate vibrational frequencies for the four radical isotopomers and the corresponding cations. Agreement with data from high-resolution IR spectroscopy is very good and a large number of predictions is made. In particular, the calculated wavenumbers for the out-of-plane bending vibrations, nu(2)(CH(3)(+)) = 1404 cm(-1), nu(4)(CH(2)D(+)) = 1308 cm(-1), nu(4)(CHD(2)(+)) = 1205 cm(-1), and nu(2)(CD(3)(+)) = 1090 cm(-1), should be accurate to ca. 2 cm(-1). Additionally, computed Franck-Condon factors are used to estimate the importance of autoionization relative to direct ionization. The chosen models globally account for the observed transitions, but in contrast to PES spectroscopy, evidence for rotational and vibrational autoionization is found. It is shown that state-selected methyl cations can be produced by TPEPICO spectroscopy for ion-molecule reaction studies, which are very important for the understanding of the planetary ionosphere chemistry.

Published
2010
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32. 100 nm period grating by high-index phase-mask immersion lithography

Author

Yannick Bourgin, Yves Jourlin, Jurgen Van Erps, Richard M. De La Rue, O. Parriaux, Petri Karvinen, Anne Talneau, Nicolas Passilly, David Troadec, Svetlen Tonchev, Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain, Colette Veillas, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), University of Joensuu, Department of Physics and Mathematics (JOE), University of Joensuu, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Photonics Research Group, Centre for Communication, University of Bristol [Bristol], Dpt of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), European Project: 241479,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2009-single-stage,NEMO(2009), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, Lithography, Nanostructure fabrication, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Interference lithography, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Blazed grating, Photography, Nanotechnology, MIRRORS, ARRAYS, Diffraction grating, Immersion lithography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Subwavelength structures, INTERFERENCE LITHOGRAPHY, FABRICATION, business.industry, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Equipment Failure Analysis, Refractometry, Resist, Diffraction gratings, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Next-generation lithography
Abstract

The interferogram of a high index phase mask of 200 nm period under normal incidence of a collimated beam at 244 nm wavelength with substantially suppressed zeroth order produces a 100 nm period grating in a resist film under immersion. The paper describes the phase mask design, its fabrication, the effect of electron-beam lithographic stitching errors and optical assessment of the fabricated sub-cutoff grating. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Published
2010
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33. Polarization- and Transverse-Mode Dynamics in Optically Injected and Gain-Switched Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Angel Valle, I. Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Applied Physics and Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
LOCKING, CHAOS, DIODE, LIGHT, Bistability, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, BISTABILITY, COMPETITION, SUBJECT, VCSELS, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Optical polarization, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, Transverse plane, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we summarize our recent results on nonlinear polarization- and transverse-mode dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) induced by optical injection (OI) or current modulation. Due to the surface emission and cylindrical symmetry, VCSELs lack strong polarization anisotropy and may undergo polarization switching (PS). Furthermore, VCSELs may emit light in multiple transverse modes. This provides new features to the rich nonlinear dynamics induced in VCSELs by an external perturbation. We demonstrate for the case of orthogonal OI that new Hopf bifurcation on a two-polarization-mode solution delimits the injection locking (IL) region and that PS and IL of first-order transverse mode lead to a new resonance tongue for large positive detunings. Similarly, the underlying polarization-mode competition leads to chaotic-like behavior in case of gain switching and the presence of two transverse modes additionally reduces the possibility of regular dynamics.

Published
2009
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34. Impact of light polarization on chaos synchronization of mutually coupled VCSELs

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Atsushi Uchida, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, Coupling strength, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, business.industry, Chaotic, Physics::Optics, Polarization (waves), Laser, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, Injection locking, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

We demonstrate that dynamical polarization switching in mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) has a profound impact on the chaotic dynamics in the system drastically improving the in-phase (anti-phase) synchronization between the modes of the two VCSELs with the same (orthogonal) polarizations. Furthermore, an exchange of the leader-laggard role is observed with the higher (lower) frequency VCSEL being the leader for lower (higher) coupling strength. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Published
2008
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35. Irregular pulsating polarization dynamics in gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Angel Valle, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, polarization switching, nonlinear dynamics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, spontaneous emission noise, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), Spontaneous emission, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Exponential decay, MODULATED DIODE-LASERS, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Linear polarization, Nonlinear optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, TRANSVERSE-MODE DYNAMICS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, OPTICAL FEEDBACK, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, BIFURCATION, BEHAVIOR, CHAOS, business, Current modulation
Abstract

©2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.; International audience; In this paper, we report on experimental and theoretical investigation on the nonlinear dynamics of the two orthogonal linearly polarized fundamental transverse modes of verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under sinusoidal current modulation. Irregular pulses of the power of individual polarizations are measured with a period equal to twice the modulation period. In contrast with individual polarizations, total power displays regular pulsing at twice the modulation period. The variability of pulse streams is characterized by using residence times distributions. We show that the residence time distributions for individual linear polarizations display an exponential decay for large values of that time. Those results are well reproduced by using a theoretical model that includes spontaneous emission fluctuations. However the previous qualitative features remain even in the absence of spontaneous emission noise. Our results therefore suggest that the irregular polarization dynamics have a deterministic origin and can be defined as deterministic chaos.

Published
2008
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36. Basculement de polarisation, contrôle et synchronisation de lasers à cavité verticale émettant par la surface (VCSELs) soumis à injection optique

Author

Gatare, Ignace, UL, Thèses, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz, Jean Maufoy, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université de Metz, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hugo THIENPONT / Jean MAUFOY, and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, VCSELs, basculement de polarisation, dynamiques nonlinéaires, [SPI.OTHER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, semiconductor lasers, [PHYS] Physics [physics], polarization switching, nonlinear dynamics, Injection optique, synchronisation du chaos, Polarisation (lumière), Lasers à semiconducteurs, chaos synhronization, optical injection, Vcsel
Abstract

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have competitive advantages with respect to conventional edge-emitting lasers such as the fabrication of dense two-dimensional VCSEL arrays for optical interconnects. VCSELs exhibit intriguing polarization properties which are critical in polarization-sensitive applications. Polarization switching (PS) between two VCSEL's preferential orthogonal linearly polarized (LP) modes may be induced by changing the bias current, temperature or, externally, through orthogonally polarized optical injection. Depending on optical injection parameters, i.e., the injected power and the frequency detuning, injection-locking of the VCSEL can be achieved.We contribute to the study of polarization bistability, polarization switching (PS), injection-locking and transverse mode competition in a VCSEL subject to orthogonal continuous-wave optical injection. We experimentally show and theoretically demonstrate that PS and locking may involve rich nonlinear dynamics including wave mixing, limit cycle, subharmonic resonances or a period-doubling route to chaos. In particular, we analyze the interplay between PS and the underlying nonlinear dynamics, and unveil its bifurcation mechanisms. Our study brings a new insight into the physics of polarization dynamics in externally-driven VCSELs.Chaos synchronization of coupled VCSELs is also investigated. A feedback-induced chaotic light from the master VCSEL is unidirectionally injected into the slave VCSEL. We show that the synchronization quality can be significantly enhanced when chaos involves both orthogonal LP modes. This result is interesting for chaos communication schemes based on VCSELs., Le laser à cavité verticale émettant par la surface (VCSEL ou Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser) comporte des avantages compétitifs par rapport aux lasers émettant par le côté. Notamment, l'émission par la surface permet la fabrication de matrices bidimensionnelles de VCSELs intéressants pour les réseaux d'interconnexion et le routage tout optique. Le VCSEL présente souvent deux modes polarisation linéaire orthogonaux avec des fréquences et des gains optiques presque identiques. Dès lors, de faibles perturbations telles que des modifications du courant d'injection ou de la température peuvent facilement induire des basculements de polarisation. Toutefois, en utilisant un schéma d'injection optique, il est possible de contrôler ces instabilités de polarisation.Nous nous intéressons au contrôle du basculement de polarisation ainsi que la compétition des modes transverses d'un VCSEL soumis à injection optique de polarisation orthogonale. Nous montrons expérimentalement et théoriquement la dynamique de basculement de polarisation dans le plan des paramètres d'injection (puissance injectée et désaccord en fréquence entre le laser maître et le VCSEL) implique des dynamiques non linéaires telles le mélange d'ondes, les cycles limites ainsi qu'une route de doublement de période vers le chaos optique. L'analyse des bifurcations sous-jacentes nous a permet de dresser une cartographie de la dynamique de basculement de polarisation du VCSEL.Dans notre thèse, nous étudions également la synchronisation du chaos de VCSELs dans un schéma de couplage unidirectionnel. Nous montrons que la compétition des modes de polarisation linéaire orthogonaux affecte la qualité de la synchronisation du chaos. Ces résultats sont intéressants dans le cadre du développement récent de liaisons de communication sécurisée par chaos optique.

Published
2008

37. Fabrication and characterization of microlens arrays using a cantilever-based spotter

Author

Heidi Ottevaere, Véronique Bardinal, Christophe Levallois, Hugo Thienpont, Corinne Vergnenègre, Emmanuelle Daran, Thierry Camps, Thierry Leichle, Jean-Baptiste Doucet, Véronique Conédéra, Franck Carcenac, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Fabrication, Cantilever, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, 02 engineering and technology, OCIS: 160.5470, 220.3630, 220.4000, 350.3950, Micro-optics, Optical polymers and other organic optical materials, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Optical microscope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Surface roughness, Focal length, Micro-optical devices and technology, Lenses, Microlens, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Integrated optics, Optical Design and Fabrication, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, MICROSYSTEM, LENSES, GLASS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Interferometry, Polymer reactions and polymerization, Optical materials, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We present a quantitative study on the fabrication of microlenses using a low-cost polymer dispending technique. Our method is based on the use of a silicon micro-cantilever robotized spotter system. We first give a detailed description of the technique. In a second part, the fabricated microlenses are fully characterized by means of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) non contact optical profilometry and Mach-Zehnder interferometry. Diameters in the range [25-130 mu m] are obtained with an average surface roughness of 2.02nm. Curvature radii, focal lengths as well as aberrations are also measured for the first time: the fabricated microlenses present focal lengths in the range [55-181 mu m] and exhibit high optical quality only limited by diffraction behaviour with RMS aberration lower than lambda/14. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Published
2007
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38. Round-robin measurements of linewidth enhancement factor of semiconductor lasers in COST 288 action

Author

R. Green, Guillaume Huyet, M. Saarinen, M. Pessa, Pascal Landais, Silvano Donati, Ignacio Garces, A. Lindberg, C. Kouloumentas, J.-F. Hayau, J. Poette, J. Lasobras, W. Elsasser, K. Panajotov, J. Von Staden, P. Leinonen, Mauro Pereira, P. Moreno, Richard Schatz, Guido Giuliani, Ioannis Tomkos, T. Fordell, JL Pozo, Judy M Rorison, D. Klonidis, Andrea Fiore, V. Vilokkinen, M. Rossetti, R. Nelander, Frédéric Grillot, A. Tredicucci, A. Wacker, Pascal Besnard, R. Escorihuela, M. Chacinski, Marc Sciamanna, Jan Danckaert, Asier Villafranca, Physics, Applied Physics, Applied Physics and Photonics, Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics, Semiconductor Nanophotonics, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Darmstadt University of Technology [Darmstadt], Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, no keyword, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Action (physics), law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Laser linewidth, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Quantum dot laser, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business
Abstract

International audience; Round-Robin measurements on the linewidth enhancement factor are carried out in many laboratories participating to EU COST 288 Action. Up to 7 different techniques are applied to DFB, VCSELs, QCL, and QD lasers, and results are compared.

Published
2007
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39. Polarization synchronization in unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Alexandre Locquet, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Georgia Institute of Technology [Lorraine, France]-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux Organiques à Propriétés Spécifiques (LMOPS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
CHAOTIC SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, number͑s͒: 05, Ϫa, LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS, BISTABILITY, SUBJECT, VCSELS, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, optical switches, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, surface emitting lasers, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Linear polarization, business.industry, Isotropy, laser feedback, Polarization (waves), Laser, surface emitting lasers, laser feedback, optical switches, laser tuning, SELF-MODULATION, FEEDBACK, COMMUNICATION, DYNAMICS, MODE, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Sf, business, laser tuning
Abstract

International audience; We analyze theoretically the polarization dynamics in unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers ͑VCSELs͒. The master VCSEL is subject to an isotropic optical feedback. The slave VCSEL is subject to an orthogonal optical injection from the master VCSEL, i.e., only the linearly polarized mode orthogonal to the dominant linearly polarized mode of the free-running slave VCSEL is injected into the slave VCSEL. This laser configuration may lead the slave VCSEL polarization to switch to that of the injected master laser field. The injected power required for polarization switching depends on the frequency detuning. We identify in the plane of the injection parameters two regions of enhanced synchronization between the injected LP mode and the corresponding slave LP mode. In the so-called region II the slave VCSEL exhibits anticorrelated dynamics in its two LP modes while in the so-called region I the slave VCSEL exhibits dynamics in only one LP mode, which corresponds to the polarization of the injected field. The two regions exhibit different synchronization properties in both the LP mode dynamics and total intensity dynamics. We furthermore analyze the dependency of the synchronization quality on the parameter mismatch between master and slave VCSELs and on the polarization switching properties of each VCSEL.

Published
2006
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40. Microlenses fabricated by ultraviolet excimer laser irradiation of poly(methyl methacrylate) followed by styrene diffusion

Author

Lazare, Sylvain, Lopez, John, Turlet, Jean-Marie, Kufner, Maria, Kufner, Stefan, Chavel, Pierre, Laboratoire de Photochemie et Photophysique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de physique moléculaire optique et hertzienne (CPMOH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]
Abstract

International audience; A new technique of microlens array fabrication based on the use of excimer laser radiation is described. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates are treated with many low-energy KrF laser pulses and exposed to styrene vapor. The irradiated material swells, producing spherical microlenses that are stabilized by UV polymerization. The chemistry of this process and the optical quality of the lenses are discussed.

Published
1996
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41. Experimental and theoretical analysis of limit cycle bistability in a free-running VCSEL

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Martin Virte, Emeric Mercier, Brussels Photonics Team, Applied Physics and Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Physics, Laser diode, Bistability, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Elliptical polarization, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, POLARIZATION PROPERTIES, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, Quantum dot laser, Quantum mechanics, Limit cycle, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, ANISOTROPIES, MODE, 010306 general physics
Abstract

International audience; Laser diodes typically behave like damped oscillators: they are generally expected to only show damped relaxation oscillations toward a stable fixed point. In vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), the picture appears to be quite different as polarization dynamics can be experimentally observed including bifurcations to self- pulsation and even chaos. Physically, the circular geometry of VCSELs makes the polarization selection very weak and, thus, the additional degree of freedom can enable complex dynamical behavior in the laser diode. Here we report on a new dynamical behavior in a free-running VCSEL: we observe a bistability between two limit cycles oscillating around two distinct elliptical polarization states whose main axes are symmetrical with respect to the polarization at threshold. Although the existence of two symmetric elliptical polarizations and the associated limit cycles are predicted by the San Miguel, Feng and Moloney (SFM) model, the hysteresis cycle observed experimentally highlights the importance of asymmetry in the dynamics from the elliptically polarized states. We demonstrate that this behavior can be accurately reproduced in theory within the SFM framework when taking into account a small misalignment between the phase and amplitude anisotropies of the laser cavity. Our results bring new light into VCSEL polarization dynamics and provide a very good qualitative agreement with the bifurcation scenario predicted by the SFM model.

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42. Experimental evidence of coherence resonance in a time-delayed bistable system

Author

Mikel Arizaleta Arteaga, Miguel Valencia, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Manuel Lopez-Amo, Applied Physics and Photonics, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Ingeniaritza Elektriko eta Elektronikoa Saila, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Coherence time, Bistability, optical noise, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, Bistable system with delay, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, surface emitting lasers, Coherence resonance, Signal-to-noise ratio, Optics, optical bistability, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, laser cavity resonators, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, STOCHASTIC RESONANCE, NOI, business.industry, delays, Spectral density, Laser, Superluminescent diode, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, optical feedback
Abstract

We report on the experimental observation of coherence resonance in a bistable system with delay. Our system consists of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to time-delayed optical feedback simultaneously from a long and from an extremely short external cavity. Coherence resonance is experimentally proven by analysis of the residence time distribution of the polarization mode-hopping regime and of the signal to noise ratio in the power spectrum. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Public University of Navarra, IAP 6/10 —Belgian Science Policy, FWO Flanders, GOA and OZR of the VUB, Conseil Regional de Lorraine, and Project No. TEC-2004-05936-C02-01 of the MEC (Spain).

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43. Polarization switching and polarization mode hopping in quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Lukasz Olejniczak, Dieter Bimberg, Alex Mutig, F. Hopfer, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Elliptical polarization, 01 natural sciences, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Quantum Dots, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Spontaneous emission, Quantum well, business.industry, Lasers, Equipment Design, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Equipment Failure Analysis, Refractometry, Dwell time, Quantum dot laser, Quantum dot, Optoelectronics, business, INTENSITY NOISE, KRAMERS
Abstract

We show experimentally that polarization mode hopping in quantum dot vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) takes place between nonorthogonal elliptically polarized modes. In contrast to quantum well VCSELs the average dwell time decreases with injection current. This decrease is by 8 orders of magnitude: from seconds to nanoseconds and is achieved without any modifications of the VCSEL internal anisotropies. The observed scaling happens in a range of currents as wide as 8 times the threshold value. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America

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44. Leader-laggard relationship of chaos synchronization in mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with time delay

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Atsushi Uchida, Takaya Mihara, Marc Sciamanna, Mitsutoshi Ozaki, Hiroyuki Someya, Shigeru Yoshimori, Department of Electronics and Computer Systems, Takushoku University, Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
optical chaos, synchronisation, Chaotic, Optical communication, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, surface emitting lasers, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, optical communication, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Synchronization of chaos, Laser, OPTICAL-INJECTION, DYNAMICS, SUBJECT, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Wavelength, business
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally and numerically observe synchronization of chaos in two mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with time delay. We observe in-phase and antiphase synchronization of polarization-resolved chaotic temporal wave forms under the condition of wavelength matching. We investigate leader-laggard relationship between two chaotic wave forms of mutually coupled VCSELs and find that the laser with longer wavelength becomes the leader.

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