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4. Evaluation of aggregate stability methods for soil health

Author

Rieke, Elizabeth L., Bagnall, Dianna K., Morgan, Cristine L.S., Flynn, Kade D., Howe, Julie A., Greub, Kelsey L.H., Mac Bean, G., Cappellazzi, Shannon B., Cope, Michael, Liptzin, Daniel, Norris, Charlotte E., Tracy, Paul W., Aberle, Ezra, Ashworth, Amanda, Bañuelos Tavarez, Oscar, Bary, Andy I., Baumhardt, R.L., Borbón Gracia, Alberto, Brainard, Daniel C., Brennan, Jameson R., Briones Reyes, Dolores, Bruhjell, Darren, Carlyle, Cameron N., Crawford, James J.W., Creech, Cody F., Culman, Steve W., Deen, Bill, Dell, Curtis J., Derner, Justin D., Ducey, Thomas F., Duiker, Sjoerd W., Dyck, Miles F., Ellert, Benjamin H., Entz, Martin H., Espinosa Solorio, Avelino, Fonte, Steven J., Fonteyne, Simon, Fortuna, Ann-Marie, Foster, Jamie L., Fultz, Lisa M., Gamble, Audrey V., Geddes, Charles M., Griffin-LaHue, Deirdre, Grove, John H., Hamilton, Stephen K., Hao, Xiying, Hayden, Zachary D., Honsdorf, Nora, Ippolito, James A., Johnson, Gregg A., Kautz, Mark A., Kitchen, Newell R., Kumar, Sandeep, Kurtz, Kirsten S.M., Larney, Francis J., Lewis, Katie L., Liebman, Matt, Lopez Ramirez, Antonio, Machado, Stephen, Maharjan, Bijesh, Martinez Gamiño, Miguel Angel, May, William E., McClaran, Mitchel P., McDaniel, Marshall D., Millar, Neville, Mitchell, Jeffrey P., Moore, Amber D., Moore, Philip A., Jr., Mora Gutiérrez, Manuel, Nelson, Kelly A., Omondi, Emmanuel C., Osborne, Shannon L., Osorio Alcalá, Leodegario, Owens, Phillip, Pena-Yewtukhiw, Eugenia M., Poffenbarger, Hanna J., Ponce Lira, Brenda, Reeve, Jennifer R., Reinbott, Timothy M., Reiter, Mark S., Ritchey, Edwin L., Roozeboom, Kraig L., Rui, Yichao, Sadeghpour, Amir, Sainju, Upendra M., Sanford, Gregg R., Schillinger, William F., Schindelbeck, Robert R., Schipanski, Meagan E., Schlegel, Alan J., Scow, Kate M., Sherrod, Lucretia A., Shober, Amy L, Sidhu, Sudeep S., Solís Moya, Ernesto, St. Luce, Mervin, Strock, Jeffrey S., Suyker, Andrew E., Sykes, Virginia R., Tao, Haiying, Trujillo Campos, Alberto, Van Eerd, Laura L., van Es, Harold M., Verhulst, Nele, Vyn, Tony J., Wang, Yutao, Watts, Dexter B., Wright, David L., Zhang, Tiequan, and Honeycutt, C. Wayne

Published
2022
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5. Sheep dietary preferences in targeted grazing: demographic, management, and weather effects in northern mixed-grass prairie.

Author

Kersh, Aaron J., Fraley, Hannah M., Scasta, J. Derek, Derner, Justin D., Lima, Paulo de Mello Taveres, and Stewart, Whit C.

Subjects
RANGE management, ECOSYSTEM management, PLANT phenology, PRECIPITATION variability, DELPHINIUM
Abstract

Diet selection and composition of sheep target grazing plains larkspur (Delphinium geyeri Greene) in northern mixed-grass prairie were evaluated during a drought year (2022). Thirteen Rambouillet ewes (3-to 6-year-old, body weight (BW) 76 kg ± 2.9), 14 Dorper ewes (3-to 6-year-old, BW 47 kg ± 1.8), and 123 Dorper ram lambs (<1 year-old, BW 25 kg ± 0.4) were used for targeted grazing. Over the 20-day first phase (mid-May to early June), sheep were subjected to three stock density treatments: (1) high, 40 animal units (AU)/ha, (2) moderate, 20 AU/ha, and (3) light, 13 AU/ha. In the second phase (21 d, early-to late-June), the same sheep grazed four 1.5 ha paddocks sequentially at a very light stock density of 7 AU/ha. Dietary composition was assessed through focal bite count observations at the plant functional group level for phase one only, and dietary composition was estimated through fecal DNA metabarcoding (f.DNA) at the plant species level for both phases. Results indicated a uniformly low preference for larkspur (< 1% in diets). There were no significant effects of breed or age on focal bite count observations of plant functional groups (grasses, forbs, and larkspur), nor were there significant effects of breed or age on f.DNA diet proportions of plant functional groups (p > 0.05). Stock density did influence focal bite count observations, with higher forb intake (p = 0.0004) and lower grass intake (p = 0.009) observed at the moderate density compared to the high density. In phase two, grass and larkspur intake decreased while forb intake increased according to f.DNA (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that moderate stock density, combined with an understanding of plant phenology, precipitation variability, and animal forage preferences can optimize vegetation and animal performance in adaptive targeted grazing management within this ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. How to Talk with Ranchers about Drought and Climate Resilience: Lessons from Knowledge Exchange Workshops in Montana

Author

Lassa, Mitch J., Wilmer, Hailey, Boone, Madison, Brown, Zach, Derner, Justin D., Peck, Dannele E., Thissen, Carmen, and Marlow, Clayton

Abstract

This article offers the Extension community a pathway to drought resilience and climate-related conversations through knowledge exchange workshops. In 2017, a "flash drought" affected eastern Montana, and ranchers in the region faced numerous challenges. Moreover, drought-favorable climate conditions are predicted to increase for the region. We held five workshops to facilitate an exchange of adaptive drought management strategies, focusing on key themes for drought resilience: (a) drought planning and adaptive management, (b) use of local knowledge networks, (c) flexible stocking and grazing, and (d) adaptation to shifting baselines. Extension can use this approach to foster multidirectional knowledge sharing to strengthen ranching resilience to drought conditions.

Published
2020

9. Secondary production of the central rangeland region of the United States

Author

Raynor, Edward J., primary, Derner, Justin D., additional, Hartman, Melannie D., additional, Dorich, Christopher D., additional, Parton, William J., additional, Hendrickson, John R., additional, Harmoney, Keith R., additional, Brennan, Jameson R., additional, Owensby, Clenton E., additional, Kaplan, Nicole E., additional, Lutz, Susan M., additional, Hoover, David L., additional, and Augustine, David J., additional

Published
2024
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10. Issues and paths forward in the identification and reuse of historic analog records

Author

Anderson, Bethany G., primary, Antognoli, Erin, additional, Caldrone, Sandi L., additional, Derner, Justin D., additional, Farrell, Shannon L., additional, Fenlon, Katrina, additional, Hendrickson, John R., additional, Hendrickson, Lois G., additional, Johnson, Holly A., additional, Kaplan, Nicole E., additional, Kelly, Julia A., additional, Mastel, Kristen L., additional, and Williams, Sarah C., additional

Published
2024
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14. Sustaining Working Rangelands: Insights from Rancher Decision Making

Author

Roche, Leslie M, Schohr, Tracy K, Derner, Justin D, Lubell, Mark N, Cutts, Bethany B, Kachergis, Emily, Eviner, Valerie T, and Tate, Kenneth W

Subjects
agricultural policy, biodiversity, coupled human and natural systems, ecosystem services, sustainability science, working landscapes, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Grazed rangeland ecosystems encompass diverse global land resources and are complex social-ecological systems from which society demands both goods (e.g., livestock and forage production) and services (e.g., abundant and high-quality water). Including the ranching community's perceptions, knowledge, and decision-making is essential to advancing the ongoing dialogue to define sustainable working rangelands. We surveyed 507 (33% response rate) California ranchers to gain insight into key factors shaping their decision-making, perspectives on effective management practices and ranching information sources, as well as their concerns. First, we found that variation in ranch structure, management goals, and decision making across California's ranching operations aligns with the call from sustainability science to maintain flexibility at multiple scales to support the suite of economic and ecological services they can provide. The diversity in ranching operations highlights why single-policy and management "panaceas" often fail. Second, the information resources ranchers rely on suggest that sustaining working rangelands will require collaborative, trust-based partnerships focused on achieving both economic and ecological goals. Third, ranchers perceive environmental regulations and government policies-rather than environmental drivers-as the major threats to the future of their operations.

Published
2015

15. Increasing flexibility in rangeland management during drought

Author

Kachergis, Emily, Derner, Justin D, Cutts, Bethany B, Roche, Leslie M, Eviner, Valerie T, Lubell, Mark N, and Tate, Kenneth W

Subjects
adaptive capacity, agricultural policy, climate variability, ecosystem services, fragmentation, livestock production, mixed-grass prairie, ranchers, resilience, sagebrush steppe, Wyoming, USA, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Zoology
Abstract

Extreme droughts like the recent 2011-2013 drought impacting the central and western United States present a challenge to sustaining livestock ranching operations and the ecosystem goods and services they produce. Wyoming ranchers manage half of this drought-prone state and are at the forefront of this challenge. We examined Wyoming ranchers' drought management strategies and how ranch characteristics affect drought management flexibility, a key component of resilience, through a mail survey. We find that many survey respondents manage drought in similar ways, by selling livestock and buying feed, highlighting the market risks associated with drought. Ranches that are larger, include yearling livestock, use shorter grazing periods, and/or incorporate alternative on-ranch activities (e.g., hunting) use more drought management practices and thus have greater flexibility. Larger ranches experience fewer drought impacts, highlighting advantages of a larger resource base. Our findings suggest three components of national drought policy that encourages flexibility and thus increases resilience of ranches to drought: (1) encouraging forage-sharing mechanisms; (2) promoting income diversification that is independent of climatic variability; and (3) facilitating a shift to diversified livestock production systems. These measures could increase sustainability of ranching livelihoods and provision of ecosystem services despite predicted increases in intensity and duration of future droughts. © 2014 Kachergis et al.

Published
2014

28. Livestock Production Systems

Author

Derner, Justin D., Hunt, Leigh, Filho, Kepler Euclides, Ritten, John, Capper, Judith, Han, Guodong, Walker, Lawrence R., Series editor, Howarth, Robert W., Series editor, Kapustka, Lawrence A., Series editor, and Briske, David D., editor

Published
2017
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32. Enhancing Wind Erosion Monitoring and Assessment for U.S. Rangelands

Author

Webb, Nicholas P., Van Zee, Justin W., Karl, Jason W., Herrick, Jeffrey E., Courtright, Ericha M., Billings, Benjamin J., Boyd, Robert, Chappell, Adrian, Duniway, Michael C., Derner, Justin D., Hand, Jenny L., Kachergis, Emily, McCord, Sarah E., Newingham, Beth A., Pierson, Frederick B., Steiner, Jean L., Tatarko, John, Tedela, Negussie H., Toledo, David, and Scott Van Pelt, R.

Published
2017
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40. A big data-model integration approach for predicting epizootics and population recovery in a keystone species

Author

Barrile, Gabriel M., Augustine, David J., Porensky, Lauren M., Duchardt, Courtney J., Shoemaker, Kevin T., Hartway, Cynthia R., Derner, Justin D., Hunter, Elizabeth A., Davidson, Ana D., Barrile, Gabriel M., Augustine, David J., Porensky, Lauren M., Duchardt, Courtney J., Shoemaker, Kevin T., Hartway, Cynthia R., Derner, Justin D., Hunter, Elizabeth A., and Davidson, Ana D.

Abstract

Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global health and biodiversity. Yet, predicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of wildlife epizootics remains challenging. Disease outbreaks result from complex nonlinear interactions among a large collection of variables that rarely adhere to the assumptions of parametric regression modeling. We adopted a nonparametric machine learning approach to model wildlife epizootics and population recovery, using the disease system of colonial black-tailed prairie dogs (BTPD, Cynomys ludovicianus) and sylvatic plague as an example. We synthesized colony data between 2001 and 2020 from eight USDA Forest Service National Grasslands across the range of BTPDs in central North America. We then modeled extinctions due to plague and colony recovery of BTPDs in relation to complex interactions among climate, topoedaphic variables, colony characteristics, and disease history. Extinctions due to plague occurred more frequently when BTPD colonies were spatially clustered, in closer proximity to colonies decimated by plague during the previous year, following cooler than average temperatures the previous summer, and when wetter winter/springs were preceded by drier summers/falls. Rigorous cross-validations and spatial predictions indicated that our final models predicted plague outbreaks and colony recovery in BTPD with high accuracy (e.g., AUC generally > 0.80). Thus, these spatially explicit models can reliably predict the spatial and temporal dynamics of wildlife epizootics and subsequent population recovery in a highly complex host-pathogen system. Our models can be used to support strategic management planning (e.g., plague mitigation) to optimize benefits of this keystone species to associated wildlife communities and ecosystem functioning. This optimization can reduce conflicts among different landowners and resource managers, as well as economic losses to the ranching industry. More broadly, our big data-model integration approach pr

Published
2023

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