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The first wireless communication signal was transmitted across the Atlantic by Marconi in the early 1900s. The world has been revolutionized by mobile communication since the 1980s. The internet has transformed all aspects of people's lives. As a result, communication and sharing of information have greatly improved. As 5G opens up endless possibilities, technology companies begin to wonder what 6G will bring. A 6G network will provide more than just communication in a new generation of mobile devices communications. An era of true intelligence in everything will begin when the physical, biological, and cyber worlds are connected by neurons. It will continue to evolve as connected people and things develop connected intelligence. Ultimately, it will bring intelligence to every individual, home, and business. A holistic view of 6G is presented in this article, the study highlights the most promising lines of research in the recent literature that support this vision. A key contribution of the paper is the exploration of 6G communications' critical issues and key features, including: The vision and key features of the organization; the challenges and possible solutions; and the research activities. For a specific, concrete, and concise conclusion to be reached, these controversial topics were critically examined in relation to their various sub-domains of motivation. This article will help researchers learn more about a topic so they can continue investigating it. &nbsp

The double gate junctionless transistor (DG-JLT) has become the most promising device in sub nano-meter regime. DGJLT based circuits have improved performance and simpler fabrication than their inversion mode counterparts. This paper demonstrates the design of different analog and digital circuits using DGJLT. Amplifiers and inverters are the basic building block of electronic ICs. A MOS amplifier converts the variation of the gate to source voltage to a small current under transconductance and hence, the output voltage. A single-stage amplifier and differential amplifier have been designed with junctionless-double-gate (JL-DG) MOSFET. Trans-conductance, output voltage, and gain have been investigated using ATLAS 2D device simulator. The inverter is the primary logic gate that can be used to verify the device's response in digital applications. Further, CMOS inverter have been designed using JL-DG MOSFET, and its performance parameters such as switching voltage, noise margin, and logic delay have been analyzed. A switching voltage of 0.43 V, noise margin of 0.265 V, and a delay of 19.18 psec have been obtained for the basic cell. CMOS inverter using JL-DG MOSFET at 20 nm technology node have prompted better performance results. Thus, The JL-DG MOSFET has a bright future in low-power analog and digital applications.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic considers a threat to students’ well-being and mental health. The current descriptive cross-sectional study aims to identify psychological distress among school students during the lockdown period.MethodsThis study was carried out in a sample of 420 primary and secondary school students from June 10 to July 13, 2020, in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Data was collected using an online questionnaire that included informed consent, socio-demographic questions, and a psychometric scale (DASS-21).ResultsThe results revealed that most students experienced moderate to severe levels of anxiety (89.1%) and depression (72.1%), whereas less than half of them (35.7%) experienced moderate to severe stress. Stress, anxiety and depression scores were significantly different across gender, age groups, family size, and family's economic status. The results showed that gender (β = -0.174,p p = 0.001) and economic level of family (β = −0.147,p = 0.002) were negative predictors correlated with stress. Family size (β = 0.156,p = 0.001) played a positive role in stress. It was found that gender (β = −0.105,p = 0.031), age (β = −0.135,p = 0.006) and economic level of family (β = −0.136,p = 0.005) were negative predictors correlated with anxiety, whereas family size (β = 0.139,p = 0.004) played a positive role in anxiety. For depression, gender (β = −0.162,p = 0.001), age (β = −0.160,p = 0.001) and economic level of family (β = −0.131,p = 0.007) were negative predictors correlated with depression, whereas family size (β = −0.133,p = 0.006) was found to be a positive predictor. Concerns about the influence of COVID-19 on economic, education, and daily life were positively correlated to the levels of depression, anxiety and stress, whereas the availability of social support was negatively correlated.ConclusionThe development of a health protocol for influenced students is urgently needed to maintain them remain resilient during dangerous times.

Enterprises that begin digital transformation programs quickly realize that their traditional networks are incapable of providing the experiences that modern users require, nor are they agile enough to meet changing requirements. These limits are exacerbated at the network's edge, where IoT and employee mobility are causing an exponential rise in the number of devices connecting to enterprise networks. Additionally, the volume of data at the edge is increasing by a magnitude. The majority of data will be generated and handled outside of a centralized data centre or cloud, making it increasingly challenging for IT to reconcile data availability and security requirements. The smart digital workplace of today places crushing demands on networks. Multi-gigabit Ethernet saves the day because it offers 2.5GbE and 5GbE speeds. The increasing use of smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices, along with high-bandwidth workloads traversing wireless networks, necessitates the evolution of the network architecture to match these requirements. This transition necessitates that businesses enhance their WLAN infrastructure to accommodate rising traffic, performance, and security demands. As more mobile and IoT-Internet of Things devices use wireless access, networks must be able to support a wide range of device types, applications, and services. Enterprises have just one option to survive and expand in the digital age: to update their network infrastructure. Explore the key needs for designing and deploying an edge-ready, next-generation network as the initial step towards modernization. Digitalizing operations in the enterprise's periphery is essential to unlocking new growth potential. The information in this article will help network presales and decision-makers design their networks and understand Multi-gigabit Ethernet technologies and their uses. And this research paper will explain how enterprises can outrun the competition by constructing an edge-ready network that is scalable and flexible enough to meet future requirements.

The challenge of securing critical data increases year after year. Evolving technology developments, involving the growth in cloud and the Internet of Things adoption make businesses' confidential data more vulnerable to sophisticated attackers. Protect the Whole Organization by using the Industry's First Extended Detection and Response (XDR) Platform Security teams have been inundated with inaccurate, inadequate alerts. As a result of today's siloed security tools, specialists should pivot from the console to the console to piece together investigative clues, which will result in horribly slow investigations. Although they've implemented countless tools, teams still lack enterprise-wide visibility as well as the deep analytics necessary to locate threats. Confronted with a lack of security professionals, teams need to streamline operations. Extended Detection and Response is the world's very first extended detection and response platform which integrates endpoint, network, as well as cloud data to halt advanced attacks. It combines prevention, investigation, detection, and response in a single platform for unparalleled security and operational effectiveness. In combination with a Managed Threat Hunting assistance, XDR offers continuous protection and industry-leading coverage. A new and more comprehensive approach to detection and response is clearly needed, one which not just includes traditional endpoints but then also includes the enhanced attack surface like the network and cloud. Luckily, these are only a few of the difficulties XDR was intended to solve. XDR unites and extends detection and response capacity through multiple security layers, offering security teams along with centralized end-to-end enterprise visibility, strong analytics, automatic response across the entire technology stack. XDR, clients can get integrated and proactive security measures designed to protect the whole technology stack, which makes it easier for security analysts to detect and stop attacks in progress prior to the impact to the business. Companies of all sizes and types, irrespective of their levels of cybersecurity expertise, is necessary to be considered sophisticated detection, improved visibility, and immediate response to sophisticated threats. The goal here is to explain what XDR is and how it empowers Information Technology, security teams, to stop threats and put them on the defensive. And also show how it provides superior extensibility and analytics which will fit the needs of the future. In the present article, we'll describe the fundamentals of XDR, and demonstrate how it help out for organizations as well as how it facilitates new security challenges. Moreover, this research paper will be useful for organizations to understand XDR in-depth, as well as how XDR can assist organizations in preventing cyberattacks as well as simplifying and improving security processes. In addition, this paper explains XDR, the capability of current and emerging technologies to offer greater visibility, collect and correlate threat information, and utilize analytics and automation to detect today and future attacks.

The principle objective of this paper is to build up a Computational Private Information Retrieval conventions on cloud design utilizing deletion code for made sure about information sending. These conventions are too costly in view of the fact that they are combining complicated numerical operations for the whole database. Essentially distributed storage engineering would provide a range of higher performing capacity staff that provides long-term internet storage management and even the distributed storage architecture. Putting information away and retrieving it in an external cloud system and public review plan creates difficulties and disputes about classification of information during transfers. On any outsider's case, this dispute is usually a massive amount of knowledge stored with the cloud worker. Also you can defeat this problem by means of various methods such as encryption, key encryption, etc. In either case, overall encryption plans maintain confidentiality of information during the exchange, thus restricting the utility of the capability system in parallel with this cycle. This is because a few activities have only been supported by scrambled knowledge. These techniques will cause disappointment. To building a protected stockpiling framework that underpins different capacities is testing when the capacity framework is appropriated and has no focal power.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to be the World Health Organization’s focus for action for managing the spread and mortality. Public transport is mostly used in the city to serve many people at a time. It was a risky area for contracting the infection. The mental health of a community is vital to promote their immunity and day-to-day activities of humans. This study aimed to determine general anxiety disorder among public transport users in relation to new coronavirus pandemic during the initial phase at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 15 to 25, 2020, using a stratified sampling technique. The structured interview was used to collect information on demographic data and general anxiety disorder for the past 2 weeks related to COVID-19. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 was used to assess the outcome variable, and logistic regression analysis at a 95% confidence interval, p

The world as we know it has changed over a short period of time, with the rise and spread of the deadly novel Corona virus known as COVID-19, the world will never be the same again. This study explores the devastating effects of the novel virus pandemic, the resulting lockdown, thus the need to transform the offline classroom into an online classroom. It explores and describes the numerous online teaching platforms, study materials, techniques, and technologies’ being used to ensure that educating the students does not stop. Furthermore, it identifies the platforms, technologies which can be used to conduct online examination in a safe environment devoid of cheating. Additionally, it explores the challenges facing the deployment of online teaching methods. On the basis of literature review, a framework was proposed to deliver superior online class room experience for the students, so that online classroom is as effective as or even better than offline classrooms. The identified variables were empirically tested with the aid of a structured questionnaire; there were 487(according to Craitier and Morgan)150 number of respondents who were purposefully sampled. The results indicate that students prefer the multimedia means of studies. As a result of binary logistic regression, poor internet connection, awareness on COVID-19, enough sources of materials, recommends massive open online course, favourite online methods, and satisfaction with online study are significant in the model or attitudes towards delivering of online classes during lockdown COVID-19 pandemic at 5% level of significance. The study recommends online teaching methods, but finally, the study concludes that satisfaction with online study is significant in the model or attitudes towards delivering of online classes during lockdown COVID-19 pandemic at 5% level of significance.

In Ecuador, in the Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province, a Special Operations Committee (SOC) was created to take containment measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This research deals with an analysis of the possible spread of the SARS-COV-2 virus causing the infectious disease caused by new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) using the Susceptible, Exposed, Infected and Recovered (SEIR) model as a prediction method according to the rigor of the containment measures evaluated. with the acceptability of people through a survey (95 %, CI) in which three parameters (α) severity of containment measures, (k) social impact of the pandemic and (β) transmission rate, are determined, which we then used as β (t) with initial value of β = 1. All this considering the rapid proliferation of the virus in the province and having an average of α = 3.23 (95 % CI: 3 - 4) and for k = 4.10 (95 % CI: 4 - 5) that the authorities will use to mitigate the spread of the virus, as well as future outbreaks of the disease.

The growth of informal settlements in the city of Cuidad Juarez have been part of the historical development of urbanization of the city. The sporadic rise in the disturbing trend was later grounded to halt by the agencies of government across the 3 tiers, namely, municipal, state, and federal. Outstandingly, the growth of the city of Cuidad Juarez and the existence of slums was largely pronounced by location and the neoliberalist ideology of the commodification of human needs. The rise of an informal settlement in recent times in the city, namely Estralla Sol del Poniente was basically due to the population growth in irregular settlements otherwise known as colonia which have prompted those living in precarious conditions to re-establish a habitat of their own. The living condition of characterizing a slum are poor public services such as water supply, sanitation, lack of electricity, among others. Through the methodology of qualitative research, the ethnography findings suggest that lack of trust in government agencies which also have reinforced social exclusion have further justified the construction of informal settlements. There is the need for the municipal authority of the border city to understand that the ripple effects of the immediate past have raised its ugly repercussions. The need to subjectively understand policies the effectiveness of land policies and all-inclusive urban housing, skill acquisitionand firm legislative and executive policy implementation would further control the rise of slums.

The prime goal of this research is to investigate if the cyber-crime has risen during coronavirus. People are using more internet and electronic devices in this pandemic time in the purpose of to perform their works those are possible through internet, as they are unable to go out due to coronavirus. For collection of data, it has been generated a questionnaire comprising of six questions. In these restrictions’ times, data cannot be gathered interacting with people physically so social media has been used for gathering data. The questionnaire was sent to people through social media 1088 people were approached and 400 out of them responded on the questionnaire. The data is presented in different charts for analysis. This research is significant in knowing if people are being attacked or their data is being stolen more than ever before during coronavirus. The outcomes of this study show that people are literally suffering through a surge in cyber-crime and most of the people said their data have been stolen and they have also been attacked by hackers.

India has a vast population with a weak public health system, which is vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Economically and physically, India is in a state of considerable risk of the COVID-19 pandemic. Community participation through various measures is the only way to limit the spread of the virus. The present study investigates the possibility of social intervention and involvement in controlling the pandemics and its cascading effect. The study identifies 5 'S', namely, segregation, sensitization, social fencing, solidarity, and social services, to control the disease through people's participation that could throw insights into controlling the virus and minimizing the aftershock of the pandemic.

The seaweeds are macroscopic living resources having significant amount of growth regulators, macronutrients as well as micronutrients which are essential for the growth of crop plants. The fertilizers that are derived from seaweeds are known as new generation fertilizers or modern fertilizers which are devoid of harmful effects of chemicals. Seaweeds contains considerable amount of nutrients which are easily absorbed by plants hence beneficial for the positive growth of crop plants. In the present situation seaweeds are found to be more suitable to crop plants to increase growth parameters as compared to chemical fertilizers. The positive effects of seaweed have been observed in many crops like Cajanus cajan, Abelmoschus esculentus, Arachis hypogea, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Lablab purpureus, Cicer arietinum etc. This review helps in encouraging the students and research scholars towards the uses of different seaweeds on growth and development of many crop plants.

Extra to water, tea is the broadly consumable hot beverage in the biosphere. People drink more tea than coffee, cold drinks, dairy products, and alcohol combined. Availability does not effectively order the dried plant pieces, which are utilized to make tea. Numerous cases of food adulteration have been recorded in many countries, including India. This has taken to the creation of a new discipline of science, known as ‘green criminology’, to compensate violations of food law. Over the years, new techniques for identifying food adulteration have been developed Here we reviewed different standard DNA based molecular techniques to analyze their performance in identifying tea constituents. Originally, these were sensory techniques, which proved unreliable. Later, physical analysis of the product was done based on data on the label and microscopic evaluation. Later methods, based on the identification of lipids and proteins, were also not accurate due to biochemical changes during processing. These problems provoked scientists to get an interest in the potential of DNA testing. Due to the stability of DNA and the universal applicability of DNA-based methods for all cells, they are ideal for use in practice. Currently, the most reliable test for detecting food adulteration is Bar-HRM, as it is a highly sensitive and specific technique. Broad scale endorsement of the plant’s DNA barcoding may require systems that spot the journey brings about point of view of common plant species names and character for separate firmly close gatherings.

The drones can be used to detect a group of people who are unmasked and do not maintain social distance. In this paper, a deep learning-enabled drone is designed for mask detection and social distance monitoring. A drone is one of the unmanned systems that can be automated. This system mainly focuses on Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) monitoring using Raspberry Pi 4. This drone automation system sends alerts to the people via speaker for maintaining the social distance. This system captures images and detects unmasked persons using faster regions with convolutional neural network (faster R-CNN) model. When the system detects unmasked persons, it sends their details to respective authorities and the nearest police station. The built model covers the majority of face detection using different benchmark datasets. OpenCV camera utilizes 24/7 service reports on a daily basis using Raspberry Pi 4 and a faster R-CNN algorithm.

Epilepsy becomes one of the most frequently arising brain disorder, and it is marked by the unexpected occurrence of frequent seizures. In this study, the University of the Boon Database with ictal seizure disorder diagnosis of the epilepsy is classified by making use of the expectation maximization features as dimensionality reduction technique followed by the nonlinear model, namely, Gaussian mixture model, logistic regression, firefly algorithm, and hybrid model such as cuckoo search with Gaussian mixture model and firefly algorithm with the Gaussian mixture model which are the classifiers used for the diagnosis of epilepsy from the electroencephalogram signals. The performance of the classifiers is analyzed based on performance index, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, mean square error, good detection rate, and error rate. The most promising outcome in this work indicates expectation maximization features are applied as the dimensionality reduction technique and the hybrid model Cuckoo search with the Gaussian mixture model outperforms with classification accuracy of 92.19%, performance index of 81.43%, good detection rate of 83.48%, and with low error rate of 15.62%, among other classifiers.

The entire world is experiencing a significant shift from the actual economy to a digital economy, and the integration of both these has been sped up significantly since the global pandemic. Work and life are increasingly dependent on the internet, as people are spending more time on the internet instead of offline. Today's internet is often the main gateway for many millions of people to have access to information and services, interact and socialize with each other, sell products, and entertain themselves. COVID-19 has also changed the work culture, sped up the rise of e-commerce, and transformed the way in which businesses operate. Transition to remote work creates companies giving priority to virtual environments. Thus, the pandemic has shown that tech is the key to keeping numerous jobs in action. Since COVID-19 spreads throughout the world, the growing demand for virtual reality is growing and the industry posed by Metaverse is developing. In the Metaverse, the virtual world that goes beyond reality, artificial intelligence, as well as blockchain technology are combined. With new technology linked to the development of computers, graphics, as well as hardware, the virtual world has become a reality. The way in which people communicate among themselves has changed, with the majority of communication occurring through the internet. Soon, it is foreseen the transition from the internet of information to the internet of value. Increasingly digital asset transfers will take place on blockchain by means of Avatars. The present paradigm of digital value is going to shape the new economic model. As the first attempt, this research work provides a complete framework that discusses the latest developments within the Metaverse under the dimensions of Innovative technologies and metaverse ecosystems, accounts for the digital "Big Bang" potential, explains the new metaverse technology as well as its advantages and use, and how it would transform human society and enable to introduce a new reality.

At the end of December 2019, the pandemic COVID-19 disease emerged in Wuhan city of China. It spread rapidly and affects other parts of China. To control the risk of further spread of disease the authorities in Wuhan locked down the city on 23 January 2020. The COVID-19 cases were detected in several other countries within a few weeks, and it became a global threat. On 6th June 2020, 115,942 active COVID-19 cases exist in India. To break the chain of transmission of infectious disease, the educational institutions are closed. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all schools/colleges/universities have postponed or cancelled all campus events such as examinations, workshops, conferences, admissions and other activities. The main objective of this study is to know the impact of COVID-19 on education, to study the perception of students towards online education during COVID-19 crisis and to study the student perception towards COVID-19 disease. The data are collected by structured questionnaire from 100 students in Tirupati city. The study includes both primary and secondary data. The convenient sampling method is used to collect data. Results are summarized using SPSS software and conclusion drawn that most of the respondents are satisfied towards online education and most of the students want to continue the online education in future also. The main problem facing by the students is network connectivity. In Tirupati, 45% of the colleges are using Canvas Instructure for online classes. To build young minds in the present crisis, an effective and well-rounded educational practice is needed. It will help students to improve their skills that will drive their productivity, employability, health and well-being in the decades to come and ensure the overall progress of India.

Blind people can benefit greatly from a system capable of localising and reading comprehension text embedded in natural scenes and providing useful information that boosts their self-esteem and autonomy in everyday situations. Regardless of the fact that existing optical character recognition programmes seem to be quick and effective, the majority of them are not able to correctly recognise text embedded in usual panorama images. The methodology described in this paper is to localise textual image regions and pre-process them using the naïve Bayesian algorithm. A weighted reading technique is used to generate the correct text data from the complicated image regions. Usually, images hold some disturbance as a result of the fact that filtration is proposed during the early pre-processing step. To restore the image's quality, the input image is processed employing gradient and contrast image methods. Following that, the contrast of the source images would be enhanced using an adaptive image map. The stroke width transform, Gabor’s transform, and weighted naïve Bayesian classifier methodologies have been used in complicated degraded images to segment, feature extraction, and detect textual and non-textual elements. Finally, to identify categorised textual data, the confluence of deep neural networks and particle swarm optimisation is being used. The text in the image is transformed into an acoustic output after identification. The dataset IIIT5K is used for the development portion, and the performance of the suggested come up is evaluated using parameters such as accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score.

The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 is a global health problem that has a significant effect on the educational systems. Therefore, students shifted to distance learning through the digital platform. Since COVID-19 has consequences on mental health, the present study examined the perceived stress level in school students in distance learning during the COVID-19 period. A cross-sectional study of a sample consisting of 385 school students evaluated the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and their concerns and emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the mean value of the total PSS scores was 19.50 ± 9.28. About 48.6% of students had moderate stress, 28.8% had low stress, and 22.6% had high stress. Significant associations were found between the level of stress and demographic variables: age, gender, educational level, and place of residence. Female students were significantly higher than the male students in the mean score of perceived stress level (20.14 versus 18.13; p-value = 0.018). Females were more likely (53.4%) to have moderate stress than males (38.2%) (p = 0.019). The students aged 15–18 years were significantly higher than those aged 11–14 years in the mean score of perceived stress level (22.64 versus 17.24, respectively; p-value

The optical properties of two water supply samples Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) and Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Improvement Project (KVWSIP) in the Kupondole Area, Lalitpur, Nepal show that the transmittance of light is higher for KVWSIP sample water than for KUKL. A large amount of work has been done to test the purities of KUKL and KVWSIP water supplies (chemically), but even their optical properties have not been studied. This method has no hazardous side effects or requires chemical method testing. In comparing the optical properties, the authors recommended that the public take KVWSIP water for good health and wealth rather than KUKL if they have an option.This is because KUKL is more contaminated and has more total dissolved solids (TDS) particles, while KVWSIP has fewer TDS particles. Therefore, if people take KVWSIP water in their daily life, they obtain relief from different types of water-related diseases.

The nation has already had to contend with such a major public health issue when this COVID-19 disease was propagated in March 2020. The corona's propagation does have an effect on all areas of people's lives. The hostile effect on education systems throughout all locations is indeed a diverse expansion impact. A complete shutdown keeps adding fresh problems for students to learn and also for educators to effectively manage the class, likely to result in the conversion of such an offline education system into a virtual class. This study investigated and described various online learning platforms, as well as teaching resource distribution technology and modern technologies used to ensure that students can study. Overall, this relates to channels that can be used to create a confidential environment in order to prevent copying in online tests. This also outlines so many difficulties in managing online teaching methods, like learners' perceptions of e-learning being more traumatic and having a negative impact on general wellbeing and social relationships. So, a technique has been proposed to provide learners with a superior online classroom teaching experience, allowing the online classroom to be as good as, if not better than, a single online classroom. This study focused on daily teaching methods that employ online learning supported by a machine teaching approach to provide an individual with a relevant stress-free solution.

The concept of the quantum internet shall be to profoundly improve Internet technology by allowing quantum communication between any two points on Earth. Quantum technology, as well as research, will open up the door to all types of new possibilities and opportunities. Some of those possibilities include the speed of communications, Although the first implementations of small-scale quantum networks are anticipated in the foreseeable future, scaling those networks presents enormous challenges for fields such as physics, computer science as well as engineering. This has important implications for a wide variety of fields from weather forecasting to healthcare research as well as the development of Artificial Intelligence, not to mention that the previously known effect on cybersecurity and the ability to break existing encryption methods. At this moment, we are convinced that the quantum Internet will have the ability to do incredible things, considerably faster than the traditional Internet. The great advantage of quantum communication is that it is much more secure than everything else. The internet could look ahead to a bright future with the new quantum technology hacking proof exchange of information as well as superfast data processing is going to become possible. Such a significant breakthrough will provide them with a competitive edge in a hopeful technology and opens a new universe of innovations and unlimited opportunities. In this paper, we offer an overview of the benefits anticipated on the Quantum Internet. In this paper, the author presents the fundamental ideas of quantum physics and describes the concepts of quantum repeaters, and the mechanism of a quantum Internet. Particular attention is given not just to the technical problems implicated, but additionally to the potential impact on society. The purpose of this paper is to provide a straightforward understanding of the Quantum Internet as well as how it developed, and the advantages of Quantum Internet.

India is an agricultural country and a core source of income for the world population. Indian economy is greatly depending on agriculture that is decrease day by day due to pandemic COVID-19. India is a major exporter of many crop foods. India, Thailand, and Vietnam are the major exports of rice if these stopped exports it reduces the economy up to 15%. A related circumstance is built up with diverse yields too like wheat, sunflower whose fare has been stationary by Kazakhstan, Serbia individually. In India, the end of April is the main source of income to farmers because they sell their rabi crops (wheat, mustard, maize, lentil, chilies, gram, tomatoes) in the market drastically decreases of CFPI may lead to the distress of Indian agricultural economy. The change over time in the price of options on wheat futures reveals increased price volatility in response to growing uncertainty about the COVID-19 impacts.

Increasing transistor switching time and rising count of transistors integrated over a chip area has given a high pace in computing systems by several orders of magnitude. With the integration of circuits, number of gates and transistors are increasing per chip area. CMOS Logic family is preferred due to its performance and impeccable noise margins over other families. However with integration in every digital circuit, the energy due to switching of gate doesn’t decrease at same rate as gates are increased per chip area. Due to this, power dissipation becomes significant and also reduction of heat becomes more complicated and expensive. In CMOS based circuits dynamic power requirement is becoming major concern in digital circuits. In this paper, the work is focused on reducing the power dissipation in circuits which is increasing with down scaling of circuits. The work is done on 2:1 multiplexer and full adder circuit. Adiabatic logic with positive feedback (PFAL) is applied to redesign the circuit with input power taken as sinusoidal source of 3.3 V and analysis is done for power dissipation between conventional CMOS and PFAL based CMOS circuits. In comparison with the conventional CMOS 2:1 multiplexer circuit, the designed PFAL CMOS 2:1 multiplexer circuit has less power dissipation as 80.871 picoWatts while conventional CMOS circuit has 6.9090 nanoWatts with the same behavior of circuit. Also for full adder conventional CMOS circuit have 48.0452 picoWatts while PFAL based full adder has 3.9089 picoWatts.

In Santo Domingo de los Tsa'chilas province, Ecuador, the population grows proportionally to the territorial extension in urban and rural parishes; therefore, the conception of domestic solid waste has increased exponentially. In this context, in recent years, the distribution of routes for waste collection has not been dealt with or technically explored. The research objective is to apply the theory of graphs to the sector and use the exact method of the Travel Agent Problem (TSP) in dynamic programming to generate optimal routes by sectors. In addition to measuring the variables longitudinally, we test the researcher's hypothesis using parametric techniques for independent samples in the variable's travel time and distance between the usual route and the new route in the Río Verde parish of Santo Domingo Canton.

The growth of irregular settlements in Ciudad Juarez has largely contributed to the expansion of the city, where informal city expansion was later transformed to regular urbanization. The reason for this is not far-reaching as the agglomeration of migrants into the city frequently redefined its growth. Simultaneously, the economic significance of the city in the global capital process has further made it a destination point for the engagement of labour from the hinterland of Mexico to central and southern America. This paper investigates the historical context of the emergence of the lived experience amidst poverty and the social exclusion process in Colonia Mexico 68, a settlement to the west of the city of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, a vicinity surrounded by multinationals otherwise known as Maquiladoras. The inhabitants are known to be poor and live in poverty and exclusion. The investigation is based on ethnographic research using the Bristol Social Exclusion Model. (BSEM) to measure poverty and social exclusion despite the spatial proximity of the maquilas that empowered the residents. A random sampling of the population was executed through interviews and pictorial evidence. Supporting documented interviews were conducted with the staff of Asentamientos Humanos to further understand the narrative and lived experience of the inhabitants. Luckman and Berger’s subjective reality paradigm was adopted in the execution of the ethnographic findings. It was observed that social policy that focuses on education, training, social security, housing, and health provision would further improve the lives of the inhabitants and foster more forms of inclusion. &nbsp, El crecimiento de los asentamientos irregulares en Ciudad Juárez ha contribuido en gran medida a la expansión de la ciudad, donde la expansión informal de la ciudad se transformó posteriormente en una urbanización regular. La razón de esto no es de largo alcance, ya que la aglomeración de migrantes en la ciudad redefinió frecuentemente su crecimiento. Al mismo tiempo, la importancia económica de la ciudad en el proceso global del capital la ha convertido en un punto de destino para la contratación de mano de obra desde el interior de México hasta el centro y el sur de América. Este trabajo investiga el contexto histórico del surgimiento de la experiencia vivida en medio de la pobreza y el proceso de exclusión social en la Colonia México 68, un asentamiento al oeste de la ciudad de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, una vecindad rodeada de multinacionales también conocidas como maquiladoras. Se sabe que sus habitantes son pobres y viven en la pobreza y la exclusión. La investigación se basa en una investigación etnográfica que utiliza el Modelo de Exclusión Social de Bristol (BSEM) para medir la pobreza y la exclusión social a pesar de la proximidad espacial de las maquilas que potencian a los habitantes. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio de la población a través de entrevistas y pruebas pictóricas. Se realizaron entrevistas documentadas de apoyo con el personal de Asentamientos Humanos para comprender mejor la narrativa y la experiencia vivida por los habitantes. En la ejecución de los hallazgos etnográficos se adoptó el paradigma de la realidad subjetiva de Luckman y Berger. Se observó que una política social centrada en la educación, la formación, la seguridad social, la vivienda y la provisión de salud mejoraría aún más la vida de los habitantes y fomentaría más formas de inclusión. &nbsp

The current COVID-19 pandemic is not still controlled around the world and affects all humans’ domains of day to day life. Peoples have killed themselves due to the fear of stigma by their community. This study aimed to assess the current mental health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic among communities living in, Gedeo zone, Dilla, Ethiopia. The study was community based cross sectional design conducted from March 10–Apr 10, 2020, using a multi stage sampling techniques. Structured interview, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and logistic regression analysis (95% CI, p value

A new class of tetrasubsituted imidazole based compounds were synthesized using multicomponent one pot synthesis scheme through cyclocondensation reaction of benzil, aromatic primary amines, aldehydes and ammonium acetate in glacial acetic acid. The synthesized compounds have been analyzed and characterized by melting point, color, conductivity method, CHN analysis, FT-IR and UV-Visible. The reaction proceeding was examined by TLC after regular intervals of period. To test biological activity, the synthesized compounds have been examined against various bacterial strains. From the analysis of the antibacterial activity of these synthesized compounds demonstrated that all three imidazole compounds have considerable to significant activity against the strains, and compound K2 was found potent comparatively.

Education plays an essential role in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. School is the place where children’ attitudes, interests, and habits are developed. More involved and supportive a parent is towards their adolescent the higher self-esteem they will gain allowing the adolescent to feel confident and focused during school. Parents therefore enroll their children in schools that can give them expected quality of lives. The main core objective for this study was to determine the parental influence on students’ academic performance - A case study of Debre Berhan General Secondary School. A total of 118 students were included in the present study using simple random sampling technique from the total students (2367). Cross-sectional design was appropriate for this study. Primary source of data was employed collected from students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. For statistical analysis SPSS 20 was used at 5% level of significance. Descriptive statistics results indicate that the average mark of students was with minimum and maximum value of 47 and 94 respectively. Multiple regression models showed that Income level, Rate of money given to satisfy basic and educational materials, Parent’s occupation, Family size, Parent’s educational level, and Parent’s way of giving motivation were found to be a significant effect on academic performance of students at 5% level of significance at study area. However, sex of students, age of students and grade level of students were not found to be significant effect to academic performance at study area. Overall model is statistically significance for the data. All the assumption of regression analysis was satisfied. Normality, Constant variance, absence of multicolinearity, linearity and absence of autocorrelation were satisfied due to formal tests and diagnostic plots. Study recommended the need for programs related to improvement of mother and father education for caring child in appropriate success of their education and also parents should allocate time to visit schools and establish good relationship and discussion about their children’s academic progress in according to way of motivation to learn actively in school.