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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm in men in the Western world. Localized low-risk PCa has an excellent prognosis thanks to effective local treatments; however, despite the incorporation of new therapeutic strategies, metastatic PCa remains incurable mainly due to disease heterogeneity and the development of resistance to therapy. The mechanisms underlying PCa progression and therapy resistance are multiple and include metabolic reprogramming, especially in relation to lipid metabolism, as well as epigenetic remodelling, both of which enable cancer cells to adapt to dynamic changes in the tumour. Interestingly, metabolism and epigenetics are interconnected. Metabolism can regulate epigenetics through the direct influence of metabolites on epigenetic processes, while epigenetics can control metabolism by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of metabolic genes. Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest an association between a high-fat diet, which can alter the availability of metabolites, and PCa progression. Here, we review the alterations of lipid metabolism and epigenetics in PCa, before focusing on the mechanisms that connect them. We also discuss the influence of diet in this scenario. This information may help to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as targetable vulnerabilities.

Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone (GH) produced by a pituitary tumor. First-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) are the first-line treatment. Several studies have linked E-cadherin loss and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with resistance to SRLs. Our aim was to study EMT and its relationship with SRLs resistance in GH-producing tumors. We analyzed the expression of EMT-related genes by RT-qPCR in 57 tumors. The postsurgical response to SRLs was categorized as complete response, partial response, or nonresponse if IGF-1 was normal, had decreased more than 30% without normalization, or neither of those, respectively. Most tumors showed a hybrid and variable EMT expression profile not specifically associated with SRL response instead of a defined epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype. However, high SNAI1 expression was related to invasive and SRL-nonresponsive tumors. RORC was overexpressed in tumors treated with SRLs before surgery, and this increased expression was more prominent in those cases that normalized postsurgical IGF-1 levels under SRL treatment. In conclusion, GH-producing tumors showed a heterogeneous expression pattern of EMT-related genes that would partly explain the heterogeneous response to SRLs. SNAI1 and RORC may be useful to predict response to SRLs and help medical treatment decision making.

Objective: Registers of diagnoses and treatments exist in different forms in the European countries and are potential sources to answer important research questions. Prevalence and incidence of thyroid diseases are highly dependent on iodine intake and, thus, iodine deficiency disease prevention programs. We aimed to collect European register data on thyroid outcomes to compare the rates between countries/regions with different iodine status and prevention programs. Design: Register-based cross-sectional study. Methods: National register data on thyroid diagnoses and treatments were requested from 23 European countries/regions. The provided data were critically assessed for suitability for comparison between countries/regions. Sex-and age-standardized rates were calculated. Results: Register data on ≥1 thyroid diagnoses or treatments were available from 22 countries/regions. After critical assessment, data on medication, surgery, and cancer were found suitable for comparison between 9, 10, and 13 countries/regions, respectively. Higher rates of antithyroid medication and thyroid surgery for benign disease and lower rates of thyroid hormone therapy were found for countries with iodine insufficiency before approx. 2001, and no relationship was observed with recent iodine intake or prevention programs. Conclusions: The collation of register data on thyroid outcomes from European countries is impeded by a high degree of heterogeneity in the availability and quality of data between countries. Nevertheless, a relationship between historic iodine intake and rates of treatments for hyper-and hypothyroid disorders is indicated. This study illustrates both the challenges and the potential for the application of register data of thyroid outcomes across Europe.

[ES] El presente trabajo de investigación propone a usted una solución para la interpretación y manejo de la información extraída de archivos de logs de uno o múltiples eventos, mediante la creación y prueba de expresiones regulares REGEXP mediante su motor de correlación Perl, integrando herramientas de software libre, para la obtención y análisis de información presente en el ciberespacio para generar una arquitectura híbrida entre máquina-humano. El trabajo se enfoca en la correlación de eventos, recopilación y gestión de información que se manifiesta al encontrar vulnerabilidades de un sistema en uno o varios ordenadores conectados a internet y aún más importante la explotación de brechas de seguridad. A términos generales la herramienta realiza la visualización y manejo de la información System, Error y Critical, extraída con expresiones regulares programadas en subrutinas Perl perteneciente a SEC, manejando archivos .txt generados por la herramienta Syslog Watcher después de recolectar logs generados por la explotación de una vulnerabilidad o creación de eventos sintéticos por parte de Nxlog en una o más maquinas físicas o virtuales conectadas a la web., [EN] This research job proposes to you a solution for the interpretation and management of the information extracted from log files of one or multiple events, through the creation and testing of "REGEXP" regular expressions using its "Perl" correlation engine, integrating software tools free, to obtain and analyze information present in cyberspace to generate a hybrid architecture between machine and human. The work focuses on the correlation of events, collection and management of information that manifests itself when finding vulnerabilities of a system in one or more computers connected to the internet and, even more importantly, the exploitation of security breaches. In general terms, the tool visualizes and manages System, Error and Critical information, extracted with regular expressions programmed in Perl subroutines belonging to "SEC", "handling .txt" files generated by the Syslog Watcher tool after collecting logs generated by the exploitation of a vulnerability or creation of synthetic events by Nxlog in one or more physical or virtual machines connected to the web.

[ES] La tecnología LTE parece muy adecuada para dar soporte de comunicaciones de alta capacidad a los sistemas de gestión de emergencias. EL TFM aporta diversas propuestas para la aplicación de dicha tecnología en el campo de la gestión de emergencias como alternativa o complemente a los tradicionales sistemas TETRA., [EN] LTE is a promising technologie for emergency management systems. We propose some proposal to apply this technologie in the field of emergency management systems.

[ES] En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia de la aplicación de una metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje basada en prácticas en asignaturas de temática agrícola y agroindustrial. Ésta consistió en dedicar un 70% de las horas a prácticas de campo y laboratorio, y un 30% de contenidos teóricos. Los contenidos teóricos fueron dirigidos a lecturas de bibliografía que después se exponen en foros antes de la aplicación de la práctica. Las prácticas se centraron en experimentar procesos propios de cada cultivo, tales como diferenciación de especies, técnicas de siembra y plantación, reconocimiento de plagas y enfermedades, técnicas de poda, realización de injertos etc. En las asignaturas de agroindustria, tales como aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa, las practicas se orientaron a ejercicios de laboratorio para calcular propiedades de materiales biocombustibles, tales como el poder calorífico, composición de CHN, cenizas etc. La evaluación se realiza de forma tradicional, mediante exámenes parciales y final. También se evalúan las memorias de prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos durante dos años mostraron un aumento de la puntuación de la valoración de la asignatura en las encuestas institucionales. El nivel de aprobados por curso aumentó alrededor de un 10%. Además se realizaron entrevistas para indagar en los aspectos relevantes de la técnica, realizando los alumnos análisis DAFO (Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas, Oportunidades). Entre las debilidades más relevantes se muestra la exigencia de ir a clase para seguir bien el método diseñado de aprendizaje.

[ES] El creciente desarrollo de las TICs y de los servicios sobre internet ha provocado el incremento de los usuarios y dispositivos conectados a nivel global, estrechándose el vínculo entre el ciberespacio y la vida cotidiana. Paralelamente el cibercrimen, el ciberterrorismo y otras actividades maliciosas han aumentado drásticamente, y las técnicas empleadas por sus autores son cada vez más eficaces y sofisticadas. Para hacer frente a esta situación es imprescindible mantener una Ciber Conciencia Situacional. En este sentido la ciberinteligencia juega un papel fundamental, por lo que en el presente trabajo se propone la generación de la misma mediante la plataforma Splunk Enterprise. Primeramente se efectúa un estudio de los principales conceptos sobre el asunto de la ciberseguridad, se analizan las características de la plataforma y se realiza una breve comparación con otras herramientas empleadas para fines similares. Luego se implementa un entorno virtualizado en el cual se realizan ciber ataques controlados, y los registros de esta actividad son enviados a Splunk para su indexado y procesamiento. Una vez hecho esto, se genera ciberinteligencia mediante búsquedas (Search Processing Language) que son guardadas como alertas, reportes y dashboards y se exporta esta información a través de diferentes vías, brindando la posibilidad de integración con otras plataformas., [EN] The growing development of ICTs and Internet services has led to an increase in the number of users and devices connected globally, strengthening the relationship between cyberspace and everyday life. At the same time, cybercrime, cyberterrorism and other malicious activities have increased dramatically, and the techniques used by their perpetrators are becoming more effective and sophisticated. To deal with this situation, it is essential to maintain a cyber situational awareness. In this sense, cyber-intelligence plays a fundamental role, therefore, in this paper we propose the generation of cyber-intelligence using the Splunk Enterprise platform. First, a study of the main concepts on the issue of cybersecurity is carried out, the characteristics of the platform are analyzed and a brief comparison is made with other tools used for similar purposes. Next, a virtualized environment is implemented where controlled cyber-attacks are performed, and the logs of this activity are sent to Splunk for indexing and processing. Once this is accomplished, cyber intelligence is generated through searches (Search Processing Language) that are saved as alerts, reports and dashboards and this information is exported through different channels providing the possibility of integration with other platforms.

[ES] El proyecto consistirá en el desarrollo de una serie de acciones para securizar un servidor de codigo libre JITSI. Entre las tareas a realizar estaría la instalación del SO yla configuración de los parámetros de comunicaciones., [EN] This project will consist on the development of a set of actions needed to deploy a secured configuration of a free code JITSI server, as OG installation and con configuration, and communications parameters definition in a secured way.

[EN] Falls is one of most concerning accidents in aged population due to its high frequency and serious repercussion; thus, quick assistance is critical to avoid serious health consequences. There are several Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions that rely on the technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing and Machine Learning (ML). Recently, Deep Learning (DL) have been included for its high potential to improve accuracy on fall detection. Also, the use of fog devices for the ML inference (detecting falls) spares cloud drawback of high network latency, non-appropriate for delay-sensitive applications such as fall detectors. Though, current fall detection systems lack DL inference on the fog, and there is no evidence of it in real environments, nor documentation regarding the complex challenge of the deployment. Since DL requires considerable resources and fog nodes are resource-limited, a very efficient deployment and resource usage is critical. We present an innovative highly-efficient intelligent system based on a fog-cloud computing architecture to timely detect falls using DL technics deployed on resource-constrained devices (fog nodes). We employ a wearable tri-axial accelerometer to collect patient monitoring data. In the fog, we propose a smart-IoT-Gateway architecture to support the remote deployment and management of DL models. We deploy two DL models (LSTM/GRU) employing virtualization to optimize resources and evaluate their performance and inference time. The results prove the effectiveness of our fall system, that provides a more timely and accurate response than traditional fall detector systems, higher efficiency, 98.75% accuracy, lower delay, and service improvement.

[ES] La protección de infraestructuras críticas es una las facetas mas relevantes de la ciberseguridad. La monitorización y gestión de ciberincidentes mediante SIEMs es una técnica que mejora la seguridad de las infraestructuras críticas, [EN] Critical Infrastructure Protection is very relevant cybersecurity field. SIEM based monitoring and cyber incidents handling improve Critical Ifrastructure Protectiln.

[EN] This article shows a novel geo-visualization method of dynamic spatiotemporal data that allows mobility and concentration of criminal activity to be study. The method was developed using, only and significantly, real data of Santiago de Cali (Colombia), collected by the Colombian National Police (PONAL). This method constitutes a tool that allows criminal influx to be analyzed by concentration, zone, time slot and date. In addition to the field experience of police commanders, it allows patterns of criminal activity to be detected, thereby enabling a better distribution and management of police resources allocated to crime deterrence, prevention and control. Additionally, it may be applied to the concepts of safe city and smart city of the PONAL within the architecture of Command and Control System (C2S) of Command and Control Centers for Public Safety. Furthermore, it contributes to a better situational awareness and improves the future projection, agility, efficiency and decision-making processes of police officers, which are all essential for fulfillment of police missions against crime. Finally, this was developed using an open source software, it can be adapted to any other city, be used with real-time data and be implemented, if necessary, with the geographic software of any other C2S.

[ES] El transporte público es un posible objetivo de los ciber ataques. La securizacion de los centros de gestión y de todas las redes de comunicaciones es una de las aplicaciones más relevantes de la ciberseguridad., [EN] Public transport is a usual target of cyber attacks. Management centers and communication networks securization are high valuable cyber security activities

[ES] El teletrabajo está cada vez más presente en el mundo laboral debido a la actual crisis sanitaria. En este documento se van a analizar los puntos más vulnerables en el ámbito del teletrabajo que suponen un riesgo para la seguridad personal y de las empresas. Se verá que, ante estas vulnerabilidades, los teletrabajadores deben realizar una serie de acciones para estar correctamente protegidos. Las empresas a su vez deben proporcionar las herramientas necesarias para llevarlas a cabo. Además de analizar ambos aspectos en este proyecto, se hará uso también de varias opciones de software que proporcionan diferentes compañías a las empresas y a los teletrabajadores para estar protegidos. Se analizarán de forma práctica dos de ellas, solicitando las versiones de demostración o de prueba para ver todas las opciones que proporciona cada herramienta. Finalmente se buscarán ficheros y páginas que simulen diversos ataques y amenazas para comprobar que realmente este tipo de software protege correctamente ante cualquier ciberataque o amenaza existente., [EN] Teleworking is increasingly present in the workplace due to the current health crisis. This document will analyze the most vulnerable points in the field of teleworking that pose a risk to personal and company safety. It will show that, faced with these vulnerabilities, teleworkers must perform a series of actions to be properly protected. Companies must, in turn, provide the necessary tools to carry them out. In addition to analyzing both aspects in this project, I will use several software options that different suppliers provide to companies and teleworkers to protect their work. Two of them will be analyzed in a practical way by requesting the demo or trial versions to check all the options that each tool provides. Finally, I will look for files and websites that simulate various attacks and threats to verify that this type of software really protects against any cyber-attack or existing threat.

[ES] Este trabajo explora cómo se puede utilizar la tecnología blockchain para mejorar el rastreo de contenedores en la cadena de suministro. El rastreo de contenedores sigue siendo un desafío para la industria logística. Los propietarios de contenedores dependen de intercambios de mensajes, uno a uno, con cada participante en la cadena de suministro para ubicar sus contenedores. La información que intercambian los propietarios de contenedores y los proveedores de servicios se utiliza además como base para el seguimiento de mercancías y facturación de los servicios. En numerosas ocasiones, las discrepancias entre sistemas dan lugar a la pérdida de contenedores y conflictos legales. En lugar de registrar el estatus de cada contenedor en distintos sistemas, este trabajo propone la utilización de tecnología blockchain para registrar eventos sobre el estatus de cada contenedor en un único registro inalterable. Tras una introducción teórica a las tecnologías que soportan las plataformas de blockchain, se describe la arquitectura de una aplicación descentralizada basada en la plataforma Ethereum. Por último, se ha implementado un prototipo de una aplicación descentralizada basada en la arquitectura propuesta anteriormente. El prototipo demuestra la validez de los principios recogidos a lo largo de este trabajo y puede ser utilizado como punto de partida para desarrollos futuros., [EN] This dissertation explores how blockchain technology can be used to improve assets tracking in the supply chain. Tracking cargo containers is still a challenge for the logistics industry. Container owners rely on direct links with each participant in the supply chain to track their containers. The information exchanged between container owners and service providers is later used as baseline for cargo tracking and invoicing. On numerous occasions, discrepancies between systems lead to lost containers and legal disputes. Instead of recording container status on different systems, this work proposes the use of blockchain technology to record container events into a single immutable ledger. After a theoretical introduction to the technologies that support blockchain platforms, it is described the architecture of a decentralized application based on Ethereum platform. Finally, a decentralized application prototype based on the previously proposed architecture has been implemented. The prototype demonstrated the validity of the principles collected throughout this work and it can be the starting point for future developments.

[ES] La cibercriminalidad está creciendo en todo el mundo. Como respuesta a la cibercriminalidad, surgen disciplinas como la ciberseguridad y la ciberinteligencia. La ciberinteligencia adopta un enfoque más proactivo a la hora de hacer frente a las amenazas, tratando de obtener información que nos ayude a tomar las mejores decisiones para minimizar o anular los daños que un atacante pueda causar a nuestra organización. QRadar es uno de los SIEM que mejor se posicionan en el mercado, una herramienta muy potente que es capaz de monitorizar las redes de las empresas. Esta herramienta puede ser una fuente muy valiosa de ciberinteligencia si es configurada adecuadamente. En este documento se explicará cómo hacer un correcto uso de QRadar y se mostrará su utilidad mediante un experimento. Además de esto, se expondrá un proceso mediante el que se puede extraer información generada por QRadar para que sea aprovechada por herramientas de terceros., [EN] Cybercrime is growing all around the world. As an answer to the cybercrime, some disciplines such as the cybersecurity or the cyber intelligence emerge. The cyber intelligence assumes a more proactive approach when trying to deal with threats, trying to obtain information that help us to take more accurate decisions in order to minimize or nullify the damage that an attacker would deal to our organization. QRadar is one of the best SIEM in the market, a powerful tool capable of monitoring the networks of the companies. This tool, if well configured, can be a very valuable source of cyber intelligence. In this paper, it will be explained how to properly use QRadar and it will be shown its usefulness through an experiment. Besides this, it will be exposed a procedure that will allow us to extract QRadar¿s generated information in order for it to be used by third party tools.

[ES] En TFM se desarrolla un plan de ciberseguridad según los estándares y recomendaciones internacionales para una cooperativa real de crédito y ahorro en Ecuador., [EN] TFM develops a real case cyber security plan for a cooperative saving bann in Ecuador

[ES] Los sistemas ciberfísicos tienen características muy específicas desde el punto de vista de la ciberseguridad. Particularmente, son especialmente vulnerables. La caracterización y detección de sus vulnerabilidades es una tarea de ciberseguridad muy relevante., [EN] Cyber-Physical Systems are inherently a lot of cyber vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilitjes characterization and assesment improve very much their cyber security level.

[EN] Aim of study: Recently, the development of almond crops on a global scale has increased their area under cultivation. The demand for both plants and products that stimulate the growth of almond trees has therefore become increasingly necessary. Accordingly, in this project we have studied the response in the vegetative and root systems of almond trees with different rootstocks to varying inputs of several root stimulants. Area of study: Valencia (Spain) Material and methods: Several different organic biostimulants were studied in isolation, i.e. not combined with synthetic chemical fertilizers, in order to ascertain if chemical fertilizers could be at least partially replaced. Main results: Good results were obtained by applying a biostimulant composed of organic matter rich in saccharides and carboxylates. Using an approach that enabled a distinguishing between them, plant radicular systems were shown to respond differently according to the biostimulant applied and the rootstock tested. The best results were obtained with a biostimulant composed of organic matter from corn hydrolysis and containing free amino acids and extracts from algae, as well as 0.07% zeaxanthins. Research highlights: Although biostimulants are promoters of young almond tree growth, they should be applied to only partially replace chemical fertilizers. The present paper shows the importance of using an organic-origin biostimulant, as a complement to chemical nutrition

[ES] Esta tesis doctoral propone el desarrollo de una arquitectura para sistema de detección de actividades criminales en vídeo aplicado a sistemas de mando y control para seguridad ciudadana. Este sistema está basado en la técnica de Deep Learning Faster R-CNN y tiene el novedoso enfoque de tratar las acciones criminales como los hurtos callejeros, en donde pueden ser identificados objetos como evidencia en una escena de vídeo. Esta tesis muestra el desarrollo de dicha aplicación, que demuestra ser efectiva, identificando la manera de reducir el costo computacional del análisis de vídeo cuadro a cuadro obteniendo rendimientos congruentes con las tasas de cuadros por segundo generados por cámaras de sistema de vídeo vigilancia ciudadana. También es objeto de estudio una posible implementación en el sistema de seguridad ciudadana de la Policía Nacional de Colombia., [EN] This doctoral thesis proposes the development of a system to detect criminal activities in video applied to command and control systems for citizen security. This system is based on the Deep Learning technique called Faster R-CNN and has the novel approach of treating criminal actions like street thefts as objects that can be identified in a video scene. This thesis shows the development of this application and the way to reduce the computational cost of the video analysis frame by frame, obtaining performances congruent with the frame rate generated by citizen video surveillance system cameras. There is also a possible implementation in the citizen security system of the National Police of Colombia is being studied., [CA] Esta tesi doctoral proposa el desenrotllament d'una arquitectura per a sistema de detecció d'activitats criminals en vídeo aplicat a sistemes de comandament i control per a seguretat ciutadana. Este sistema està basat en la tècnica de Deep Learning Faster R-CNN i té el nou enfocament de tractar les accions criminals com les afanades guies de carrers com a objectes que poden ser identificats en una escena de vídeo. Esta tesi mostra el desenrotllament de la dita aplicació, que demostra ser efectiva, identificant la manera de reduir el cost computacional de l'anàlisi de vídeo quadro a quadro obtenint rendiments congruents amb les taxes de cuados per segon generats per cambres de sistema de vídeo vigilància ciutadana. També s'estudia una possible implementació en el sistema de seguretat ciutadana de la Policia Nacional de Colòmbia.

[ES] El trabajo tendrá como objetivo principal adaptar una metodología OSINT, que consiste en aprovechar la enorme cantidad de información disponible que nos ofrece Github, con el fin de convertirla en inteligencia de datos, para mejorar el proceso de selección profesional de un grupo de desarrolladores registrados en la plataforma, mediante el uso de herramientas de software libre (XAMPP, HTML, CSS, JS, PHP,JSON, HTML).