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ObjectiveTo assess the specificity of P50 auditory-evoked potential in schizophrenic patients with violent and aggressive behaviors， so as to provide objective biological markers for predicting violent behaviors of schizophrenic patients.MethodsA total of135 schizophrenic patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were divided into aggressive group （n=70） and non-aggressive group （n=65） according to the assessment results of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS）， meantime， another 60 healthy individuals matched for age and gender were set as healthy group. Then the P50 auditory-evoked potentials of all selected individuals were measured using EP/EMG system （MEB-9200， Nihon Kohden， Japan）.ResultsAmp S2 of the aggressive group was significantly higher than those of the non-aggressive group and healthy control group， with statistical differences ［（9.86±6.04）μV vs. （7.06±3.88）μV， P=0.004； （9.86±6.04）μV vs. （7.82±3.87）μV， P=0.031］. The proportion of S2/S1 ratio ≥0.5 was 72.88%， 43.86% and 30.00% in aggressive group， non-aggressive group and healthy group， which was the highest in aggressive group， with statistical differences （P

This paper reported a case of psychosomatic medicine-based comprehensive treatment for a patient with gynecological malignant tumor suffering severe left hip pain after surgery and radiotherapy， with the aim of demonstrating the pathophysiological classification of pain arising from pathological damage， and providing references for the clinical study and practice of the psychosomatic multi-dimensional treatment mode for clinical "organic pain". This case suggested that the onset of pain， even in the presence of pathological damage， also involved a combination of pathological damage， somatic manifestations of anxiety and individual cognitive biases.

Objective: This study was undertaken to characterize somatic symptoms and related disorders (SSD) in epilepsy. Methods: Adults with epilepsy under active follow‐up at a tertiary epilepsy center were consecutively enrolled. The diagnosis of SSD was performed by an experienced psychologist based on the structured clinical interview for Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Detailed social/demographic data, epilepsy features, psychiatric features, life quality, disability, and economic burden were collected and compared between people with SSD and those without. Bodily distress syndrome checklist, Somatic Symptom Disorder–B Criteria Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven‐item scale (GAD‐7) were used to evaluate SSD individuals' somatic symptoms, symptom‐related psychological distress, and depressive and anxious symptoms. Quality of life and disability were assessed by Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31 (QOLIE‐31) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule V.2.0 (WHO DAS 2.0). A risk prediction nomogram was generated using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis and validated. Results: One hundred fifty of 631 participants (24%) were diagnosed with SSD. In people with SSD, the top three most common somatic symptoms were memory impairment, headache, and dizziness (85%, 80%, and 78%, respectively), and multiple systems were involved in most (82%) people with SSD. Compared with people without SSD, those with SSD had lower QOLIE‐31 total scores, and higher WHO DAS 2.0 scores and disease economic burdens. LASSO analysis suggested that a history of severe traumatic brain injury, hippocampal sclerosis, low seizure worry and medication effects scores on QOLIE‐31, multiple systems affected by somatic symptoms, and a high GAD‐7 score were risk factors of SSD. The nomogram was validated for good accuracy in the training and testing cohorts. Significance: SSD are likely to be a common comorbidity in epilepsy and harm epilepsy prognosis. Our risk prediction nomogram was successfully developed but needs further validation in larger cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethylene oxide (EO) is a volatile compound positively correlated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, evidence suggests that environmental exposure may contribute to depressive symptoms. This study evaluated the correlation between EO exposure and depressive symptoms and investigated whether inflammatory indicators had a mediation effect on this correlation., Methods: Patients were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2013-2016, and 2,764 (49.67% male and 50.33% female) participants were ultimately included. EO exposure was determined by measuring hemoglobin-EO adduct (Hb-EO) concentration due to its long half-life, which was log 2 -transformed. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify any correlations before and after covariate adjustment. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analyses, and interaction tests were performed to further evaluate identified correlations. Mediation analysis was conducted to reveal whether specific inflammatory indicators mediated the correlation., Results: A high prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed in quartiles with increased levels of EO exposure, and male individuals exhibiting higher Hb-EO levels than female individuals. A positive correlation was observed between EO exposure and depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 1.439, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.310, 1.581), which remained stable even after covariate adjustment (OR: 1.332, 95% CI: 1.148, 1.545). Interaction tests showed significant effects of sex ( p  < 0.001) and thyroid diseases ( p = 0.048) on this correlation. In the mediation analysis, white blood cell ( p = 0.010) and neutrophil counts ( p = 0.010) exerted a mediating effect, accounting for 13.6 and 11.9%, respectively., Conclusion: Increased exposure to EO is associated with an elevated risk of depressive symptoms, where white blood cell and neutrophil counts exert a significant mediating effect. Further prospective studies are required to investigate the potential link among EO, other environmental pollutants, and human mental health., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Du, Yuan, Guan, Xie and Dong.)

The role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of depression has been explored in numerous studies, which have confirmed that the baseline gut microbial profiles of patients with depression differ from those of healthy individuals. The gut microbiome affects metabolic activity in the immune and central nervous systems and regulates intestinal ecology through the neuroendocrine system. Additionally, baseline changes in the gut microbiota differed among patients with depression who demonstrated varying treatment response. Currently, probiotics are an emerging treatment for depression; however, the efficacy of modulating the gut microbiota in the treatment of depression remains uncertain. Additionally, the mechanisms by which changes in the gut microbiota affect treatment response in patients with depression remain unclear. In this review, we aimed to summarize the differences in the baseline gut microbiota between the remission and non-remission groups after antidepressant therapy. Additionally, we summarized the possible mechanisms that may contribute to antidepressant resistance through the effects of the gut microbiome on the immune and nervous systems, various enzymes, bioaccumulation, and blood-brain barrier, and provide a basis for treating depression by targeting the gut microbiota., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xie, Zhu, Yuan, Guan, Xie and Dong.)

The field of neuropsychiatry is considered a middle ground between neurological and psychiatric disorders, thereby bridging the conventional boundaries between matter and mind, consciousness, and function. Neuropsychiatry aims to evaluate and treat cognitive, behavioral, and emotional disorders in individuals with neurological conditions. However, the pathophysiology of these disorders is not yet fully understood, and objective biological indicators for these conditions are currently lacking. Treatment options are also limited due to the blood-brain barrier, which results in poor treatment effects. Additionally, many drugs, particularly antipsychotic drugs, have adverse reactions, which make them difficult to tolerate for patients. As a result, patients often abandon treatment owing to these adverse reactions. Since the discovery of exosomes in 1983, they have been extensively studied in various diseases owing to their potential as nanocellulators for information exchange between cells. Because exosomes can freely travel between the center and periphery, brain-derived exosomes can reflect the state of the brain, which has considerable advantages in diagnosis and treatment. In addition, administration of engineered exosomes can improve therapeutic efficacy, allow lesion targeting, ensure drug stability, and prevent systemic adverse effects. Therefore, this article reviews the source and biological function of exosomes, relationship between exosomes and the blood-brain barrier, relationship between exosomes and the pathological mechanism of neuropsychiatric disorders, exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and application of engineered exosomes in neuropsychiatric disorders., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

With the aging of the population, the prevalence of osteoporosis and multimorbidity is increasing. Patients with osteoporosis often experience varying levels of emotional distress, including anxiety and depression. However, few studies have explored the patterns of multiple conditions and their impact on patients' emotional distress. Here, we conducted a network analysis to explore the patterns of multimorbidities and their impact on emotional distress in 13,359 Chinese Han patients with osteoporosis. The results showed that multimorbidity was prevalent in Chinese patients with osteoporosis and increased with age, and was more frequent in males than in females, with the most common pattern of multimorbidity being osteoporosis and essential (primary) hypertension. Finally, we found that patients' emotional distress increased with the number of multimorbidities, especially in female patients, and identified eight multimorbidities with high correlation to patients' emotional distress., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Xia, Dong, Guo, Deng, Zhang, Kuang and Li.)