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The stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent adult mesenchymal stem cells playing essential roles in tissue regeneration and tissue repair. This type of stem cells are able to differentiate into various cell types. Their regenerative ability can be applied in dentistry as well as in various fields of regenerative medicine. The results obtained from experimental trials are generally promising. However clinical trials are still missing because of various challanges. Herein, I focus on the data obtained from fundamental and clinical trials assessing the benefits of SHED on regeneration of tooth decays, wound healing, craniofascial abnormalities, and treatment of various neurological, cardiovascular, digestive and muscular diseases.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effects of Cichorium intybus (CI) on apoptosis and GABA(A) receptor density in the brains of rats in pentyleneterazole induced kindling. Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: Control group, pentylenetetrazol administered (PTZ) group, and PTZ+CI extract administered (PTZ+CI) group. Control group received only physiological saline (0.5 ml). PTZ (35 mg/kg) injected to the animals in the PTZ and PTZ+CI groups. The CI extract (200 mg/kg) was also administered to the PTZ+CI group. A 75 mg/kg challenge dose of PTZ was administrated to the PTZ treated groups, on the 12th injection. Results: A significant increase was found in the number of neurons expressing the GABA(A) receptor in the brain tissue (hippocampus and cerebral cortex) of the PTZ group when compared to the control. The density of GABA(A) receptor of the neurons in the cerebral cortex significantly increased in PTZ administered groups compared to the control.The number of apoptotic neurons was found non-significant between groups in the brain. Conclusion: CI treatment prolonged the onset of the first seizure activity and seizure latency at a convulsive dose, and kept the number of GABA(A) receptors close to that of the control in the hippocampus. Amaç: Bu çalışma, pentileterazole indüklü kindlingte, Cichorium intybus’un sıçanların beyinlerinde apoptoz ve GABAA reseptör yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için tasarlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sıçanlar üç gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol grubu, pentilentetrazol uygulanan (PTZ) grup ve PTZ + Cichorium intybus ekstresi (PTZ + CI) uygulanan grup. Kontrol grubu sadece serum fizyolojik (0.5 ml) aldı. PTZ ve PTZ + CI gruplarındaki hayvanlara PTZ (35 mg/kg) enjekte edildi. PTZ + CI grubuna ayrıca CI ekstraktı da (200 mg/kg) uygulandı. PTZ uygulanan gruplara 12. enjeksiyonda 75 mg/kg’lık bir PTZ dozu uygulandı. Bulgular: PTZ grubunun beyin dokusunda (hipokampus ve tüm beyin) GABAA reseptörünü ifade eden nöronların sayısında kontrole göre önemli bir artış bulundu. Tüm beyindeki nöronların GABAA reseptör yoğunluğu, kontrol grubuna kıyasla PTZ uygulanan gruplarda önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Beyindeki apoptotik nöronların sayısı gruplar arasında anlamsız bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Cichorium intybus uygulması, konvülsif dozda ilk nöbet aktivitesi oluşumu ve nöbet latansını geciktirdi ve hipokampusta GABAA reseptörlerinin sayısını kontrole yakın tuttu. Yuzuncu Yıl University, Department of Scientific Research

Isotretinoin (ISR), the common therapeuticagent for acne vulgaris, when used long term, leads to various side effects viz., oxidative toxicity, renal and hepatic dysfunction, depression, congenital abnormalities, aortic art defects, microcephaly, etc. Here, we explored the effects of silymarin (SLY), a flavonolignan from the seeds of the milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) which has potential to protect the liver against chemical and environmental toxins and increase proliferation rate of tubule cells, against ISR induced liver and kidney injury. Thirty-two male Balb/c mice (3 months of age) were divided into four groups: control, isotretinoin (ISR, 40 mg/kg/day), silymarin (SLY, 200 mg/kg/day), and ISR+SLY group. We investigated liver and kidney injury by histopathological scoring system, and apoptotic cells labelled by TUNEL method. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured in serum samples biochemically. ALT and AST levels were increased in ISR group (P = 0.025, P = 0.003, respectively). SLY decreased those levels in ISR+SLY group (P = 0.002, P = 0.013, respectively). Liver tissues of ISR group showed interstitial edema and necrosis, alteration in shape and size of nuclei, mononuclear and kuppfer cell infiltration. Kidney tissues of ISR group showed tubular degeneration, necrosis, glomerular collapse, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hemorrhage. SLY improved those histopathological changes and suppressed apoptotic cell death. We suggest that silymarin might be beneficial to some extent by preventing the side effects induced by chronic ISR therapy in patients with acne vulgaris.

Study was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University. Project No.48783, Research Fund of Istanbul University [48783]

Objective: Cadmium (CD), which is used for many industrial purposes, is a toxic agent. CD accumulates in the liver; therefore, exposure to toxic doses of Cd results in hepatic damage. Studies in rats have shown that CD induces apoptosis in hepatocytes. Curcumin is a natural compound isolated from Curcuma longa. It has a powerful anti-inflammatory affect and scavenges reactive oxygen radicals. Additionally, it has been shown to have an anti-apoptotic effect in a dose-dependent manner. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of therapeutic doses of curcumin on Cd-induced hepatic apoptosis as well as hepatic biochemical and inflammatory changes in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Aim: In this study, histological changes in stomach during prenatal and postnatal development were examined. Material and Methods: In this study, 34 female Wistar Albino rats weighing 200-250 g, obtained from Inonu University Experimental Animal Research Lab were used. Stomach samples obtained from prenatal 7,10,14,17, 20 days old fetuses and from postnatal 5,10,15,20 days old newly born and young adult rats were prepared by routine tissue proceeding procedure and examined by light microscopy. Results: In prenatal period, the stomachs of 7, 10,14 days old rats were surrounded by stratified columnar or pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Mesenchymal connective tissue surrounded the epithelium. A circular oriented muscle layer was formed in mesenchyme in prenatal 17 days old rats. In prenatal 20 days old rats, extension of the lumen, thickening of the wall, appearance of the foveola and gland-like structures were observed. Epithelium was transformed into simple columnar epithelium in various places. Mucous neck cells in the gland epithelium and outermost serosa layer were identified. On postnatal 5th day, parietal and chief cells could be detected in tubular gastric glands. Myenteric plexus was observed between two muscle layers. On postnatal 10th day, mucus layer was observed on the surface. In subsequent periods, histological properties of stomach were changed and gained adult stomach's properties. Results: It was investigated in which prenatal and postnatal periods the histological features of the stomach of an adult rat were acquired. The obtained data of this study will guide the other related studies. Key words: Stomach; Prenatal; Postnatal; Development., Amaç: Bu çalışmada prenatal ve postnatal gelişim sürecinde midenin geçirdiği histolojik değişiklikler incelenmeye çalışıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada İnönü Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Araştırma Laboratuarından temin edilen 200-250 g ağırlığında 34 adet dişi Wistar albino rat kullanıldı. Prenatal 7, 10, 14, 17, 20 günlük fetüslerden, postnatal 5, 10, 15, 20 günlük yavru ratlardan ve genç erişkin ratlardan alınan mide örnekleri rutin doku takip işlemleri ile hazırlanıp ışık mikroskopisinde incelendi. Bulgular: Prenatal dönemde 7, 10, 14 günlük ratların mideleri çok katlı prizmatik veya yalancı çok katlı prizmatik epitelle döşeliydi. Epiteli mezenşimal bir bağ dokusu kuşatmaktaydı. Prenatal 17 günlük ratlarda mezenşim içinde sirküler seyirli bir kas tabakasının oluştuğu görüldü. Prenatal 20 günlük ratlarda lümenin genişlediği, duvarın kalınlaştığı, foveola ve bez benzeri yapıların ortaya çıktığı gözlendi. Epitel yer yer tek katlı prizmatik epitele dönüştü. Bez epitelinde boyun mukus hücreleri ve kas tabakasının dışında seroza tabakası ayırt edildi. Postnatal 5. günde tübüler mide bezlerinde pariyetal ve esas hücreler tanınabildi. İki kas tabakası arasında myenterik pleksus görüldü. Postnatal 10. günde yüzeyde mukus tabakasına rastlandı. Bundan sonraki dönemlerde de midenin histolojik özelliklerinin değişerek erişkin midesinin özelliklerini kazandığı görüldü. Sonuç: Erişkin rat midesinin histolojik özelliklerinin prenatal ve postnatal hangi dönemlerde kazanıldığı araştırıldı. Elde edilen bulgular bu konuda yapılacak olan çalışmalara yol gösterecektir. Anahtar kelimeler: Gelişme. Mide; Prenatal; Postanatal

Objective: We aimed to histopathologically and biochemically investigate the protective effects of silymarin (SLY) against cardiac injury induced by a high-dose isotretinoin (ISR) administration.