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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura (área de especialização em Cultura Arquitetónica), Esta dissertação propõe um estudo das Representações de Futuro da Cidade e da Casa, a partir do Cinema. São exploradas diferentes visões utópicas que influenciaram a transformação da sociedade, como consequência a cidade e a casa, ao longo do século XX e início do século XXI. O Cinema surge como uma manifestação do desenvolvimento tecnológico da Revolução Industrial e tornou-se o paradigma da modernização, passando por diferentes processos de transformação associado ao desenvolvimento da civilização e da tecnologia. A partir das relações entre a cidade e a casa, são analisadas as visões arquitetónicas projetadas em filmes que especulam o futuro transformando a arquitetura em protagonista. São analisados 3 filmes de diferentes épocas, utilizando um texto de um Arquiteto como referência, que se pensa corresponder à temática abordada no filme. O primeiro capítulo Things to Come, de H. G. Wells, de 1936 aborda uma visão de progresso positivista influenciada pela evolução das máquinas durante a Revolução Industrial, abordando conceitos de transparência e imaterialidade. Apoiase no texto “Ineffable Space” de Le Corbusier para contextualizar a temática. O segundo capítulo THX 1138, de George Lucas, de 1971 apresenta o controlo feito pela tecnologia, onde a arquitetura é apresentada com uma lógica de interiorização. Vários teóricos e arquitetos começam a rever os ideais da Arquitetura Moderna, abrindo a perceção do que representa a Arquitetura, apoiando-se no poema “The love is gone” de David Greene. O último capítulo Her, de Spike Jonze, de 2013, apresenta uma sociedade governada pela tecnologia que provocou que a cidade e a casa se tornassem em espaços genéricos e sem identidade. Sustentado com o texto “Generic City” de Rem Koolhaas de 1995., This thesis proposes a study of the Representations of the Future of the City and Dwelling, through Cinema. It’s based on different utopian visions that have influenced the transformation of society, consequently the city and dwellings, throughout the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Cinema appears as a manifestation of the technological development of the Industrial Revolution and has become the paradigm of modernization, going through different processes of transformation associated to the development of civilization and technology. Bearing in mind the link between city and dwelling, the architectural visions projected in films that conjecture the future will be analyzed, turning architecture into protagonist. Three films from different periods will be analyzed, having a text by an Architect as a reference, that is believed to correspond to the theme of the film. The first chapter Things to Come, produced by H. G. Wells, in 1936, addresses an positivist vision of progress influenced by the evolution of machinery during the Industrial Revolution, focusing on concepts of transparency and immateriality. It is based on the article “Ineffable Space” by Le Corbusier. The second chapter, THX 1138, produced by George Lucas, in 1971, displays the control made by technology, where architecture is presented in an interiorized logic. Several architects and theorists start to reconsider the Modern Architecture ideals, expanding the perception of what Architecture represents, supported by David Greene’s poem “The love is gone”. The last chapter scrutinizes Spike Jonze’s movie Her, from 2013, which features a society governed by technology, which transformed the city and the dwelling in generic and characterless spaces. It’s supported by Rem Koolhaas text “Generic City”.

SummaryEfficacy and tolerability of tiagabine was evaluated in patients with non-controlled partial seizures in a multicentre, open-label, parallel group study. Tiagabine was administered either two (b.i.d.) or three times daily (t.i.d.) as adjunctive therapy and titrated stepwise to a target of 40mg/day during a 12-week, fixed-schedule titration period; this was followed by a 12-week flexible continuation period. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients completing the fixed-schedule titration period. A total of 243 patients were randomised and received treatment, 123 to b.i.d. and 120 to t.i.d. dosing. Fewer patients in the b.i.d. (76 and 62%) than in the t.i.d. (87 and 72%) group completed the fixed-schedule titration period (OR: 0.562; 95% CI: 0.309–1.008; P=0.0532). The median percentage decrease in all types of seizure (excluding status epilepticus) during the fixed schedule titration period was 33.4% for the b.i.d. and 23.8% for the t.i.d. groups (P=0.9634; Van Elteren's test). The proportion of responders was similar for the b.i.d. and t.i.d. groups. There were no significant differences between dosage regimens in the change in median seizure rates from baseline. Adverse events were more frequent during the titration than the continuation period. Most events were mild and related to the central nervous system. Although their incidence was similar between treatment groups, severity was more frequent in the b.i.d. group. Our results suggest that during titration tiagabine is better tolerated with t.i.d. dosing, but during long-term maintenance, a t.i.d. schedule is as effective and well tolerated as b.i.d.

1. The relationship between plasma concentrations and cardiac effects of nortriptyline was studied in anaesthetized young and old rats. 2. Nortriptyline was administered by two consecutive intravenous infusions which resulted in a peak plasma concentration followed by steady state values. Increasing infusion rates were followed by proportional increases in the drug plasma concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 6.0 microgram/ml. 3. In young rats, nortriptyline induced an increase in the heart rate, a right rotation of the electrical axis and a prolongation of the PQ interval. Heart rate changes were not correlated with nortriptyline plasma concentrations, while significant correlations were found for the other two parameters. Plasma concentrations inducing 20% increase of the PQ interval and 40 degrees rotation of the electrical axis were 1.65 microgram/ml respectively. Arrhythmias occurred at concentrations higher than 5.2 microgram/ml. 4. Nortriptyline caused more severe cardiac effects in old than in young animals. However, plasma concentrations of nortriptyline in old rats were two to five times higher than those found in young rats at similar infusion rates. A higher concentration of the drug at its sites of action seems to be responsible for the more severe cardiac toxicity of nortriptyline observed in old rats.