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An economic model generally describes the mechanisms used to generate revenue from a business. If it fails to generate income, its failure is inevitable. Therefore, decisions regarding missions are not based solely on technical specifications; economic profitability is also a crucial factor in decision-making and is a primary consideration for commercial investments. This consideration becomes particularly important in high-cost, long-duration projects, such as space missions, where the return on investment and economic justification are more complex. Lunar mining projects are no exception and require a comprehensive financial and technical feasibility assessment approach.To analyze the economic feasibility of any project, it is essential to evaluate its economic model. This paper conducts an economic valuation of lunar mining, focusing on materials available on the Moon, using fuzzy analysis and sensitivity analysis to identify suitable materials for exploitation. The materials are categorized into oxides, metals, and fuels. Using an appropriate economic model for space mining, the study evaluates the economic potential of selling these materials on Earth.Based on the economic feasibility analysis, each group identifies SiO₂, Mg, and helium-3 (3He) as high-priority materials. SiO₂ and Mg are expected to be profitable in conservative scenarios with increased mission duration and frequency. In optimistic scenarios, all three materials could be profitable. Ultimately, SiO₂ is selected as the target material for lunar mining.

Study Design Observational study. Purpose Investigation of factors related to proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and device failure in patients with early-onset scoliosis. Overview of Literature The use of growth-friendly devices, such as traditional dual growing rod (TDGR) for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS), may be associated with important complications, including PJK and device failure. Methods Thirty-five patients with EOS and treated with TDGR from 2014 to 2021 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were retrospectively evaluated. Potential risk factors, including demographic factors, disease etiology, radiological measurements, and surgical characteristics, were assessed. Results PJK was observed in 19 patients (54.3%), and seven patients (20%) had device failure. PJK was significantly associated with global final kyphosis change (p=0.012). No significant correlation was found between the rod angle contour, type of implant, connector design, and the risk of PJK or device failure. Conclusions Treatment of EOS with TDGR is associated with high rates of complications, particularly PJK and device failure. The device type may not correlate with the risk of PJK and device failure. The progression of thoracic kyphosis during multiple distractions is an important risk factor for PJK.

This paper presents design, analytical modeling and optimization of a 55 watts, 3000 rpm surface mounted permanent magnet (SPM) machine with cubical permanent magnets (PMs) for the cooling fan application. First, the size/dimensions of the motor are laid out at the design stage to meet the specifications (e.g., rated power, speed) of the target application. Next, general performance characteristics of the designed machine are analytically predicted using a two-dimensional (2-D) hybrid analytical model. The hybrid model is composed of (i) solving Maxwell equations on a hypothetical slotless structure, and (ii) virtual magnetizing current to account for the stator slotting effects. Due to the lack of cylindrical symmetry of the given structure with cubical-shape PMs, the PM region is divided into a number of smaller segments and the calculations are carried out discretely per PM segment as opposed to the standard practice of considering the entire PM region as one subdomain. Next, the machine structure is optimized simultaneously mitigate the torque ripple and boost the torque density. The laboratory prototype of the motor is fabricated and tested to further validate the analytical model as well as the functionality of the designed motor.

Abstract The authors present a new design of a PM‐assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PM‐SynRM) with uneven air‐gap length to improve the power factor and enhance the torque production capability. The rotor structure is modified to properly shift rotor magnetic poles and therefore (i) increases the back‐EMF and the electromagnetic torque, (ii) allows electromagnetic torque and reluctance torque components peak near the same current phase angle. The proposed solution is simple, does not require changing the arrangement of magnets and/or flux barriers and is applicable to all types of PM‐SynRMs. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the extent of which the proposed magnetic pole shifting may impact the resultant torque profile. To assess the level of success, the electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed design (e.g. torque, power factor, and back‐EMF) are compared against the baseline structure under the same operating conditions. For verification purposes, Finite Element simulation results are validated via a series of analytical calculations and experimental measurements, and supported with detailed theoretical discussion.

In this paper, we present a new class of linear fractional differential operators that are based on classical Gaussian hypergeometric functions. Then, we utilize the new operators and the concept of differential subordination to construct a convex set of analytic functions. Moreover, through an examination of a certain operator, we establish several notable results related to differential subordination. In addition, we derive inclusion relation results by employing Briot–Bouquet differential subordinations. We also introduce a perspective study for developing subordination results using Gaussian hypergeometric functions and provide certain properties for further research in complex dynamical systems.

Abstract The authors deal with design and analysis of an air‐core electromagnetic fault current limiter (FCL) with rotary motion. The proposed device is characterised by a simple structure, fast operating speed and reversible operation. It consists of two movable concentric air core spherical reactor rings (i.e. inner and outer rings) with variable mutual angular displacement. At normal condition, reactors are approximately aligned, and subsequently, the effective inductance/impedance of the equipment and the respective voltage drop are low. At faulty conditions, the short circuit current exerts a repulsive rotary electromagnetic torque on the reactors, which results in a fast and steady increase of the reactors angular displacement. During this process, the effective inductance of the equipment rapidly rises up to a level that effectively limits the short circuit current. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed topology in limiting the network's fault current, the inductance profile of the proposed rotary FCL and the respective fault current characteristic are compared with similar case studies (a) with linear FCL and (b) without FCL. The analysis is carried out via a finite element (FE) and supported via analytical and theoretical discussion. Finally, a down‐scale prototype of the proposed FCL was built and tested to verify the functionality of the device in the lab environment.

In this paper, by using Poisson distribution probability, some characteristics of analytic multivalent q-symmetric starlike and q-symmetric convex functions of order η are examined. Then, by utilizing the Poisson distribution and the concept of the q-analogue Salagean integral operator, the p-valent convergence polynomial was introduced. Furthermore, a number of subclasses of analytic symmetric p-valent functions linked to novel polynomials are also deduced. After that, specific coefficient constraints are determined and symmetric δ,q-neighborhoods for p-valent functions are defined. In relation to symmetric δ,q-neighborhoods of q-symmetric p-valent functions formed by Poisson distributions, this paper presents new inclusion results. In addition, a detailed discussion of certain q-symmetric inequalities of analytic functions with negative coefficients is also provided.

In this paper, we employ a q-Noor integral operator to perform a q-analogue of certain fractional integral operator defined on an open unit disc. Then, we make use of the Hadamard convolution product to discuss several related results. Also, we derive a class of convex functions by utilizing the q-fractional integral operator and apply the inspired presented theory of the differential subordination, to geometrically explore the most popular differential subordination properties of the aforementioned operator. In addition, we discuss an exciting inclusion for the given convex class of functions. Over and above, we investigate the q-fractional integral operator and obtain some applications for the differential subordination.

In this paper, we employ the concept of the $ q $-derivative to derive certain differential and integral operators, $ D_{q, \lambda}^{n} $ and $ I_{q, \lambda}^{n} $, resp., to generalize the class of Salagean operators over the set of univalent functions. By means of the new operators, we establish the subclasses $ M^n_{q, \lambda} $ and $ D^n_{q, \lambda} $ of analytic functions on an open unit disc. Further, we study coefficient inequalities for each function in the given classes. Over and above, we derive some properties and characteristics of the set of differential subordinations by following specific techniques. In addition, we study the general properties of $ D_{q, \lambda}^{n} $ and $ I_{q, \lambda}^{n} $ and obtain some interesting differential subordination results. Several results are also derived in some details.

Background: There is a small level of evidence regarding the alterations in global spine alignment following the restoration of cervical lordosis using anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Different cage types are available to restore cervical lordosis through ACDF. In this study, we evaluate the impact of two types of these cages on local and global spine alignments. Patients and Methods: Thirty-two patients with a mean age of 46 ± 10 who underwent ACDF for cervical disc herniation were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided according to their cage type into two groups, 17 patients with standalone conventional polyether ether ketone cages and 15 patients with integrated cage and plate (ICP) (Perfect-C®). Cervical alignment and global spine alignment were evaluated on the pre- and post-operative EOS® images. Results: Three months after the ACDF, total cervical lordosis correction was higher in patients with ICP (P = 0.001), while the local cervical lordosis correction was not significantly different between conventional cages and prefect-C cages (P = 0.067). Lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt change were significantly higher among patients with Perfect-c cages (P = 0.043). Conclusion: In patients undergoing ACDF, alignment of the global spine changes along with the restoration of the cervical spine. Cage type affects this association, mainly through the compensatory alteration of pelvic tilt.

Cranking railway engines in high currents could lead to a series of undesirable effects on the starter motor such as melting copper contacts and disk inside the solenoid. This paper investigates the impact of a defective solenoid on the performance of a DC series motor starter. First, the effect of the starting system on the solenoid parts (i.e., the melting phenomenon in copper contacts and disk inside the solenoid) is described via Finite Element (FE). Next, the circuit model of the DC series motor with the solenoid starter is established to obtain the motor performance. Results reveal that subjecting the contactor disk to a current of 1250 A for 30 ms would melt the disk and cause surface defects. The faulty/melted disk subsequently raises the circuit resistance to 2.9 m ohms. The presented solution can detect the faults effect within $0.05~s$ time frame. Simulation results are supported via a series of experimental measurements and detailed theoretical discussion.

Rotary electromagnetic fault current limiter (FCL) is an emerging technology for limiting fault currents in the power network. The device consists of two movable air-core spherical reactor rings (i.e., inner and outer rings). The movable feature allows the reactor rings to rotate, and form a proper mutual positional displacement. This can limit the fault current since the effective inductance of the device is dependent to the mutual angular position of the reactor rings. Due to the unconventional structure, to this date, the design process has solely been based on finite element (FE) method. This paper aims to analytically validate the theory and the overall functionality of the device in both the steady state and transient regime. For this propose, the resistance and the inductance of the device are first computed at normal operating condition using the basic theory of engineering electromagnetics. Next, performance characteristics such as electromagnetic torque, rotational displacement of the reactors, effective inductance of the device, and the network current are calculated at the faulty condition. For verification purposes, analytical results are compared with via FE simulation and experimental test.

This paper presents an automated deep learning-based design methodology to facilitate the design and optimization processes in electro-mechanical energy conversion devices. To validate the generality of the model, a complex machine structure with hybrid Permanent Magnets (PMs) is selected as the case study. First, the machine’s geometrical topology and the respective design variables are described in the cylindrical coordinate system and programmed into a Finite Element (FE) software package. Next, the program sweeps through the predefined ranges of selected design variables and captures corresponding air-gap flux distribution through an automated FE-based parametric analysis. The air-gap flux density data is post-processed and fed into a deep neural network (DNN) training algorithm. In particular, 10,000 data sets are utilized for training the DNN model. The trained model successfully predicts the machine’s performance for any random set of parameters, as confirmed via FE. Finally, by leveraging the trained model, the structural parameters of the machine are optimized to limit higher-order spatial flux harmonics and the cogging torque.

Knowledge and awareness of temporal and spatial changes of quality parameters, especially salinity in groundwater and surface water resources and the preparation of zoning maps can be an important step in proper management and planning in the use of water resources. In this research, the trend of spatial and temporal changes of some groundwater quality parameters in Guilan province has been evaluated. Measurement data of some cations and anions sampled from 150 wells in September and March of 2011-2018 and water level data of 282 piezometric wells were collected. The zoning maps obtained by ordinary kriging method were examined. These maps show that in terms of quality parameters, groundwater resources in the central part of Gilan province have higher values ​​and in the growing season due to agricultural activities and fertilization, groundwater quality decreases. Effect of groundwater depth on the concentration of the parameters was assessed. According to the map of groundwater depth changes, the largest area of ​​Gilan province has a water level of 0.23 to 5.5 m. The results of classification of qualitative parameters show that in shallow groundwater depths the concentration of qualitative parameters increases.

Abstract. In this paper, we define and investigate a new class of spirallike harmonic functions defined by a Salagean differential operator and we obtain a coefficient inequality for the functions in this class. Following, we investigated convolution and obtain the order of convolution consistence for certain spirallike harmonic univalent functions with negative coefficients.

Cogging torque causes major operational setbacks for Permanent Magnet (PM) machine operation, particularly in applications where a quiet performance is desired. This paper presents a heuristic optimization framework to optimize the cogging torque in Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet (SPM) machines consisting of a hybrid magnetic structure (i.e., rare-earth and ferrite magnets). To avoid excessive computational time and volume associated with Finite Element (FE)-based optimization solutions, analytical approach is paired up with the optimization algorithm to determine the optimal design while FE is utilized for verification and validation purposes. First, analytical expressions are established for individual objective functions (i.e., airgap PM flux distribution, and cogging torque), and their corresponding spatial harmonics are identified using the air-gap field modulation theory. Next, the presented analytical model is utilized to optimize the system (i.e., minimize the cogging torque) to the desired target level via two different solutions (i.e., Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)), and their respective performance are compared. To determine the efficacy of the presented solutions, the optimal hybrid machine response is compared against the baseline structure.

To evaluate the effects of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and lodging characteristics of Gilaneh rice cultivar under two irrigation regimes (permanent flooding and irrigation with to 10 days interval) a field split split plot experiment based on complete randomized block design with 3 replications in Rasht. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers used were at the 0, 60 and 120 kg.ha-1 and 0, 80 and 160 kg.ha-1 as sub and sub sub factor, respectively. The results showed that the highest seed yield obtained about 3713 kg.ha-1 from permanent flooding with the application of 120 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and 80 kg.ha-1 of potassium fertilizer and the lowest yield 634 kg.ha-1 from 10 days irrigation interval, without using of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers. The 10-day irrigation interval reduced the bending moment of the internode 4 by 40%. With increasing the rate of potassium fertilizer, the lodging index of intermediate 4 decreased, which was due to the increase of cellulose content by 60% in this intermediate. Increasing nitrogen and potassium fertilizers decreased the lodging index at internodes 3 and 4. Irrigation at 10 days intervals decreased plant height, internode bending moment, cellulose and hemicellulose and seed yield It increased lodging index of intermediate, butincreasing fertilizer levels in both irrigation regimes had adverse effect on the traits under study.

Peanut is an oilseed plant, which is rich in seed oil and protein content. The effects of different irrigation methods and humic acid dosages were explored on yield and yield components of peanuts in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County in Guilan province, Iran, in 2018 and 2019 cropping years. The experiment was laid upon a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in which the main plot was assigned to irrigation treatments including rainfed treatment and irrigation to meet 60%, 80%, and 100% of water requirement, and the sub-plot was assigned to humic acid (HA) at four rates of 0, 3, 6, and 9 L ha-1. The results showed that the highest biological yield (9750 kg ha-1) was obtained from the plants irrigated to meet 80% of their water requirement and applied with 9 L ha-1 HA and the lowest (2453 kg ha-1) was produced under rainfed conditions with no HA applied. Seed yield was 1863 kg ha-1 at the 80% water requirement level and 2067 kg ha-1 at the HA level of 9 L ha-1. Based on the results, it can be recommended to apply 9 L ha-1 HA and supply 80% of the plants’ water requirement as appropriate conditions for the studied region.

In this paper, we discuss stochastic comparisons of active redundancy at component level versus system level. We also consider series systems in order to compare their lifetimes using the usual stochastic, the hazard rate and the reversed hazard rate orders, for two cases: (i) the spare and parent components are independent and have the same distribution, and then (ii) the spare and parent components are dependent and have not the same distribution. ./files/site1/files/72/6Abstract.pdf

In this paper, we define a differential operator on an open unit disk Δ by using the novel Borel distribution (BD) operator and means of convolution. This operator is adopted to introduce new subclasses of p-valent functions through the principle of differential subordination, and we focus on some interesting inclusion relations of these classes. Additionally, some inclusion relations are derived by using the Bernardi integral operator. Moreover, relevant convolution results are established for a class of analytic functions on Δ, and other results of analytic univalent functions are derived in detail. This study provides a new perspective for developing p-univalent functions with BD and offers valuable understanding for further research in complex analysis.

Introduction:Identification and evaluation of effective parameters in Inter-Basin Water Transfer (IBWT) projects are essential for the calculation of financial and economic indicators. Due to many qualitative parameters in these projects and inability to quantify most of them, an integrated economic valuation model is presented in this study. Materials and Methods:In this model, the effective criteria and indicators are first prioritized using Analytic Network Process (ANP) as a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method. Then, these criteria and indicators are quantified by two direct and relative valuation methods. Finally, two financial indicators: Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) and Net-Present Value (NPV) are modified and evaluated. Findings:The results indicated that the political and security criterion is in the first place with significant difference with the others. Also, applying model for economic reassessment of the Chalus Water Transfer Scheme in Iran showed the value of BCR at discount rates of 6% and 8% are to be 0.2 and 0.14, respectively; and NPV is negative. Therefore, this project is not considered to be economically beneficial at its present feature. Conclusion: It seems that political and security issue is very considerable in Inter-Basin Water Transfer (IBWT) projects. On the other hand, quantifying and valuating effective parameters can help more accurate economic analysis for new and ongoing projects

Drought stress has been well documented as an effective parameter in reducing crop production. Hence, developing and releasing new genotypes adapted to water deficit conditions can be a constructive way to overcome to unsuitable environmental conditions. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was used in combination with cluster analysis to evaluate the response of 14 rice genotypes using the drought stress tolerance indices under two conditions of irrigation and discontinued irrigation at a specific time. The CDA results revealed that the first canonical variable was under the influence of high coefficients for the stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean (HM), mean production (MP), geometric mean production (GMP), yield in normal conditions (Yp), and yield in stress condition (Ys).The canonical coefficients of the stress sensitivity index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL) were significant in the second canonical variable. Accordingly, the first canonical variable distinguished the genotypes based on yield potential and stress tolerance, while the second one segregated the susceptible and tolerant genotypes. The scatter plot chart of two significant canonical variables distinguished three groups, and all pairs of Mahalanobis distances between groups were significant. The second group was recognized as the best group, since its genotypes had the maximum value for the first canonical variable, while most of these genotypes had low values for the second one. Therefore, the genotypes of this group (831, Fajr, Sepidrood and Sahel) can be selected as suitable genotypes for stress and non-stress conditions.

This study outlines the effects of congestion toll pricing on commercial land-uses (CLUs) through studying the temporary and permanent impacts of client behavior on the CLUs. In the case study of Tehran metropolis, Iran's capital, which has experienced congestion pricing for more than four decades, both clients and vendors' viewpoints were modeled using discrete choice models. Two types of questionnaires were provided to evaluate clients' and vendors' behavior in response to the traffic congestion zone charges. The clients of three businesses, including garments, electronics, and home appliances, were more sensitive to toll price changes. A 20-percent increase in toll prices led to a substantial client loss in the above businesses in the long run due to accessibility decrease in their utility function. Consequently, the vendors preferred to change their approach and sell different goods; then, they gradually tended to migrate outside of the congestion zone.

An efficient and accurate method for concrete thermal parameter inversion is essential to guarantee the reliable and prompt thermal analysis results of dams. Traditional inversion methods either suffer from low analysis efficiency or are limited in accuracy. Thus, this paper presents a method for multiple thermal parameter inversion based on an integrated surrogate model (ISM) and the Jaya algorithm. This method replaces finite element analysis with an ISM incorporating three machine learning algorithms, Kriging, support vector regression (SVR), and radial basis function (RBF), to describe the mapping relationship between thermal parameters and structure temperature responses. The input datasets for model training and testing are generated by a uniform design approach. Subsequently, a simple and efficient global optimization algorithm, Jaya, is used to identify the thermal parameters by minimizing the error between calculated and monitored temperatures. The effectiveness and practicality of this method are verified by applying monitored data of two strength grades of concrete in a dam. The verification results indicate that the proposed approach can obtain more accurate inversion results than the above individual models. Compared with these models, the inversion errors using ISM are reduced by 8.45%, 3.93% and 20.85%, respectively for C35 concrete, and by 6.53%, 23.82% and 44.43%, respectively for C40 concrete. Additionally, this approach maintains the powerful computational efficiency of surrogate-based optimization, and compared to the methods that directly invert using swarm intelligence algorithms, the analysis efficiency is improved by about 111.7 times.

Introduction Sport has always been an important part of the culture of any society that can have a significant impact on the individual and social levels. The increase in the population of cities and the change in the pattern of work and machine life has created one of the biggest problems. It has brought with itself the diseases of the present age, that is, inactivity and many problems such as physical, mental, educational, and so on problems. Therefore, proper status, rational distribution of sports spaces and the creation of sports places ensure the health of the community. The use of sports lands is one of the most important uses and is very important and it is very important to pay attention to it in urban space in urbanization processes with increasing demand of population for cities. Residential areas, land, commercial buildings, sports spaces and leisure times, roads and parking lots, and so on will replace vegetation, to the extent that today in terms of green space and open areas between urban networks and natural patterns, no vacant space is found. Undoubtedly, paying attention to sports and recreational spaces and urban services is the most important point. Sports spaces are places in which the fields of sports perform leisure times or participate in various competitions. Data and Method The purpose of the present research is to analyze the status of sports places and uses in Izeh. The research method is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and library, questionnaire, interview and observation methods have been used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is elite experts in the field of urban and sports in this city. The sample size has been considered 27 people and through personal estimation method. For data analysis, Williamson’s model and SPSS software and one sample test were used. Results and Discussion Urban land use planning, spatial organizing of human activities and performances should be defined based on the demands and needs of urban society. Attention to sports and recreational spaces is considered as one of the most important service uses in the city. Sport has regained its role as a part of the city's recreational performance along with other service spaces. Sports can make people enthusiastic to spend their money by bringing people together for a variety of sports events, from making sports public to holding sports competitions. By exercising and attending sports events, people need the proper sports infrastructures, environment, places and facilities. Per capita sports facilities vary in various countries from European to American countries. Therefore, in this research, the status of sports places and uses in Izeh has been evaluated and analyzed. The proposed criteria for analysis and evaluation of sports places in Izeh were selected and determined in 14 indicators. Conclusion Sports spaces are considered as one of the most important uses at the city level, which have allocated a significant level to itself. According to conducted studies, out of 15 neighborhoods in Izeh, four neighborhoods do not have sports space and 11 neighborhoods have sports space of 67,653 square meters. Also, from the analysis of 14 selected components using Williamson’s model, it was specified that the average of Williamson’s index for Izeh is 0.21, which indicates the shortage and inappropriate distribution of sports space and use in this city. Also, based on the results of one-sample t-test, the status of the number of sports places (hall/indoor) with -2.819, the status of holding sports competitions at the neighborhood level with -2.787, the appropriate distribution of sports uses at the city level with -2.767, the status of sports equipment at the parks and gardens levels of the city with -2.760 had the most severe dissatisfaction among experts, respectively, while the components of the status of donors’ welcoming to build sports places at the city level with -1.01, the status of financial cooperation between government and semi-government departments with the sports sector of the city with -1.023, the status of sports activities in the dimension of health at government and semi-government departments level of the city with -1.03, had less intensity in dissatisfaction in this regard.

With the ongoing growth of the interconnected electric power systems and the increase of the short circuit current level in the power network, electric power equipment that are capable of limiting the fault current are gaining interest. Hence, this article proposes a novel fault current limiter based on air core variable series reactor (FCL-ACVSR). The proposed design limits the fault current within a short time frame (e.g., less than half a cycle), while featuring structural simplicity. It consists of two movable, coaxial, concentric air core reactors to increase the inductance of the device during the fault. At normal operating condition, the voltage drop and the reactive power consumption is minimal and therefore, the device does not impose any operational burden on the network. The structure of the proposed FCL is introduced, the operating principle is analytically explained, and finite element (FE)-based electromagnetic performance analysis is presented. Finally, FE-based simulation results are supported with detailed theoretical discussion.

The effects of nitrogen fertilization (NF, 60-100 kg ha-1) and parboiling operation (soaking temperature (SoT, 50-80°C) and steaming time (StT, 10-15 min)) on the protein content (PC), amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT), hardness value (HV), peak viscosity (PV), trough viscosity (TV), final viscosity (FV), breakdown (BD), setback (SB) point, peak time (PTi), and pasting temperature (PTe) of brown rice were evaluated. Results showed that the GT, HV, FV, and TV were significantly increased by increasing the NF, SoT, and StT levels. An increase in the SoT and StT levels led to a significant reduction in PC, AC, BD, and TV values. The AC (17.13-16.83%) and PV (1605-1588 cP) values were decreased by increasing the NF level, while the PC (8.78-9.46%) and BD (226.9-247.7 cP) values were increased. Rheological parameters of BD (336.4 cP), FV (3608.5 cP), and SB (1843.5 cP) were notably increased using the combined treatment of 100 kg ha-1 NF and of 80°C SoT. The best triple treatments for the improved GT (5.0 °C), HV (19.37 N), as well as FV (3923 cP), and SB (1949 cP) were 60 kg ha-1 NF+80°C SoT+15 min StT, 100 kg ha-1 NF+80°C SoT+15 min StT, and 100 kg ha-1 NF+80°C SoT+10 min StT, respectively.

This research is aimed at assessing of knowledge management status and identifying the barriers in the way of sharing and documentation of knowledge in the Police Command of Eastern Azerbaijan rovince. This mixed research follows concurrent nested method. Phenomenological approach is selected for the qualitative phase of the study and descriptive-survey method is employed in the quantitative phase. The statistical sample of the qualitative phase of the research included 10 commanders and employees of police of Eastern Azerbaijan province selected by snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed using inductive coding of phrases and words from participant interviews. The research population included 320 police employees and commanders in the quantitative phase in the same population having been selected by simple random sampling. The instruments of data collection included a semi structured questionnaire in the qualitative phase, and in the quantitative phase a standardized questionnaire of the processes of knowledge management and the infrastructure affecting knowledge management was employed. The face validity and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed. The reliability coefficient of Cronbach's Alpha for the knowledge management process was 0.93, and for the effective factors was 0.90. The trustworthy of the results was affirmed by reviewing the data and recording the details of the research and prolonging the process. In the qualitative phase, inductive coding method was used for data analysis and in quantitative phase, T-sample testing through SPSS 22 software was used to answer the research questions. The results of the research indicated that the present status of knowledge management was 2.59 in terms of process, 2.73 for effective factors in the Police Command of the province. The t-value distance to the desired situation was 3.5. The main barriers to knowledge management in the Police command included trust, communication, organizational management, structure, commitment of human resource, culture, and technology. The Police Command of the province can improve the status of knowledge management in the organization by strengthening think tanks, documenting experiences, removing structural barriers, and increasing interpersonal and organizational trust.

In general, the Magnetic Circuit (MC) is an effective and valuable tool for calculating the PM flux and predicting machine behavior during the no-load operation. Since the rotor PMs are the sole source of the flux, the flux path and the respective MC model is independent of the rotor position. However, this is not the case for the loaded operating condition. As the rotor spins, the path of the armature flux necessarily changes to pass through the rotor with minimum reluctance. Therefore, the MC model would vary at every rotor position and is no longer a feasible solution particularly, for cases with complex rotor structure. To resolve this, an analytical solution procedure based on the concept of the Magnetic Islands (MI) is presented to predict the on-load response of the motor such as armature flux and the winding inductance. The air-gap is defined as a function along the perimeter of the stator to include the stator slotting effect. In addition, the presented method accounts for the magnetic saturation. To assess the accuracy of the model, analytical results are compared against the finite element results.

This paper investigates the interaction between two Static var Compensators (SVCs) to verify dynamic grid voltage support is maintained and that the SVC controllers do not negatively interact with each other. For this purpose, the controls of the SVCs with all of the remotely controlled Mechanically-Switched Capacitors (MSCs) have been tested in a closed-loop real-time simulator environment using SVC replicas (physical controllers) of the actual field installations. To accurately capture the power system’s response to phenomenon such as potential Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR), the dynamics of the generators and the motor loads are modeled in the simulations. A hybrid model consisting of real and reactive power (P-Q) loads and aggregated motor load of a single-phase induction motor suitable for three-phase time-domain simulation was developed and connected to the power system. The developed aggregate motor load model includes details such as the main winding, auxiliary winding, starting capacitor, motor inertia, and distribution transformers. It is observed that dynamic grid voltage support can be maintained and the SVC controllers do not negatively interact with each other if all the SVC control blocks are enabled and function normally.

In this paper, we make use of the Riemann–Liouville fractional q-integral operator to discuss the class Sq,δ*(α) of univalent functions for δ>0,α∈C−{0}, and 0<|q|<1. Then, we develop convolution results for the given class of univalent functions by utilizing a concept of the fractional q-difference operator. Moreover, we derive the normalized classes Pδ,qζ(β,γ) and Pδ,q(β) (0<|q|<1, δ≥0,0≤β≤1,ζ>0) of analytic functions on a unit disc and provide conditions for the parameters q,δ,ζ,β, and γ so that Pδ,qζ(β,γ)⊂Sq,δ*(α) and Pδ,q(β)⊂Sq,δ*(α) for α∈C−{0}. Finally, we also propose an application to symmetric q-analogues and Ruscheweh’s duality theory.

Magnetic gears (MGs) offer many advantages over mechanical ones due to their contactless mechanism of torque transfer. With the flourish of this new avenue of research, a new breed of MGs has been designed that are well suited to execute high-torque direct-drive operations. This paper investigates the performance characteristic of a disk generator located on the same shaft with an MG for oceanic wave energy harvesting application. The permanent magnets (PMs) of both the generator and the MG are arranged in a special manner to boost the overall performance of the system. To verify the validity of the proposed model, simulations of the magnetic disk gears are performed using Maxwell version 16. The calculation of the magnetic field, and the characteristics of the generator is made using Infolytica Magnet software package. Furthermore, the prototype sample of the generator with the magnetic gear is fabricated and tested in the laboratory, which further substantiates our claim.

In this paper, we define and discuss properties of various classes of analytic univalent functions by using modified q-Sigmoid functions. We make use of an idea of Salagean to introduce the q-analogue of the Salagean differential operator. In addition, we derive families of analytic univalent functions associated with new q-Salagean and q-Ruscheweh differential operators. In addition, we obtain coefficient bounds for the functions in such new subclasses of analytic functions and establish certain growth and distortion theorems. By using the concept of the (q, δ)-neighbourhood, we provide several inclusion symmetric relations for certain (q, δ)-neighbourhoods of analytic univalent functions of negative coefficients. Various q-inequalities are also discussed in more details.

Land use change often takes place without principles and environmental restrictions and consequences will follow, such as uncontrolled urban growth, deforestation, destructive floods, erosion and desertification of agricultural. This study was conducted on Tutkabon to define land use change, using GIS and RS, during four periods. Land use maps were prepared in the Arc GIS software based on visual interpretation and digitalization of aerial photographs with scale of 1:55000, in1955, the land use map of 1998 with a scale of 1:50,000, satellite images of Landsat ETM+ in 2002 and IRS-Liss-PAN 2008.The results show, the total area of forest land in1953 was a watershed of approximately66.04 percent to34.73 percent decline in2008, while the extent of irrigated agriculture and garden land use in1953, and0.77 % rise in 2008 to9.60 %. About the area of rangeland, an increase of20% in the area of these lands can be seen from1955 to2008. Changes bare soil also shows an increase13.2 %.The findings of the research indicate that most of the destruction and change land use has occurred in forest. Forest lands are located along Rangeland and farmland rural, when it is often people's livelihood, agriculture and animal husbandry,the most important factor to be considered deforestation. Increasing of livestock grazing and uncontrolled exploitation of vegetation, especially in rangeland, has led to an increase in the bare soil that this happened due to weak implementation of soil conservation practices and grazed the rangeland. Due to land cover changes in this period, the probability of environmental accidents will increase

In the present paper, we discuss a class of bi-univalent analytic functions by applying a principle of differential subordinations and convolutions. We also formulate a class of bi-univalent functions influenced by a definition of a fractional q-derivative operator in an open symmetric unit disc. Further, we provide an estimate for the function coefficients |a2| and |a3| of the new classes. Over and above, we study an interesting Fekete–Szego inequality for each function in the newly defined classes.

Nitrogen (N) is a key growth and yield-limiting factor in cultivated rice areas. This study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different conditions of N application on rice yield and yield components (Shiroudi cultivar) in Babol (Mazandaran, Iran) during the 2015- 2016 season. A factorial experiment executed of a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) used in three iterations. In the first factor, treatments were four N amounts (including 50, 90, 130, and 170 kg N ha-1), while in the second factor, the treatments consisted of four different fertilizer splitting methods, including T1:70 % at the basal stage + 30 % at the maximum tillering stage, T2:1/3 at the basal stage + 1/3 at the maximum tillering stage + 1/3 at the panicle initiation, T3: 25 % at the basal stage + 50 % at the maximum tillering stage + 25 % at the panicle initiation, and T4: 25 % at the basal stage + 25 % at the maximum tillering stage + 50 % at the panicle initiation. The results illustrate only the number of panicles (m2) which was significantly impacted by the year (at the CI of 0.99). Different levels of N had effects on the panicle length, the percentage of filled grain (PFG), whole grain in a plant, and yield (at the CI of 0.95). The panicle length, the PFG, and yield were also significantly affected by different methods of N splitting (at the P-v of 0.01). The interaction of N amount × N splitting had a significant effect on the panicle length, the PFG, and yield (at the CI of 0.95). In general, the most significant impact on the panicle length, the number of panicles (m2), the whole plant's grain, and yield observed after using 130 kg N ha-1. Besides, T3 showed the most notable effect on all the studied indices except for the panicle length.

Background: In forensic anthropological identification, we usually use body remains. Accurate sex estimation from these remains is very important and needs the knowledge of specific population standards of that area. Sometimes, human remains are damaged by environmental circumstances. So, we must examine single bones for sex estimation. One of the relatively resistant bones to environmental conditions are hand bones. Specific hand phalanges and metacarpals have significantly different dimensions in two sexes depending to each population and can be a helpful tool to estimate the gender of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of estimating gender using phalanges and metacarpals dimensions in Iranian people. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on the X-ray images of adult people hands between the months of March and September 2017. They referred to Shafayahyaian Hospital, the educational and referral center of orthopedic disease of Iran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran. 200 adult persons (100 male and 100 female) without any background of specific disease, entered in our study. In each case, the length of D: distal phalanx, M: middle phalanx, P: proximal phalanx, MC: metacarpal, Fl: finger length, and T: total (Distal phalanx+middle phalanx+proximal phalanx+soft tissue of the finger tip) were measured in millimeter and reported in ratio. All analyses were done using SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Student t-test showed that many ratios were significantly different between two genders. It is concluded that the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges could be used for sex determination. The most valuable ratios were FL1/FL3 and MC4/MC5. Multivariate logistic regression test reported an equation by which the gender is predictable. Z= 5.856+ -3.904 X FL1/FL3+ -1.865 X MC4/MC5. Conclusion: If “Z=0”, the gender is male and if “Z=1”, it is female without any doubt. In our knowledge, this study provides the first population sex estimation formulae from the hand bones in Iranian population. However, we need further studies in larger groups to use this equation for sex determination in forensic contexts.

Study Design Retrospective case control study. Purpose In current study, we compared the incidence of facet tropism (FT) in patients with lumbar disc herniation and normal controls. Overview of Literature It has been suggested that FT can be associated with increased risk of lumbar disc herniation. Methods A total of 66 and 63 patients with L4/L5 and L5/S1 disc herniation, respectively, were evaluated in the present study. The control group comprised 61 normal subjects. Facet joint angle was measured using axial magnetic resonance images. The FT was defined as a difference of >10° between the right and left facet joints. The incidence of FT was compared between patients and controls. We also investigated the relationship between facet orientation (sagittal or coronal) and side of disc herniation. Results The incidence of FT at the L4/L5 level was significantly higher in patients with disc herniation (48.5% vs. 26.2%, p =0.01), while it was found to be the same at the L5/S1 level in patients and controls (50.8% vs. 36%, p =0.098). Among the 64 patients with FT, intervertebral disc herniation occurred significantly toward the more sagittally oriented facet joint in 41 patients (p

The AquaCrop model improves farm management practices, including plant density, planting time, and chemical fertilizers. It also simulates crop yield, soil water content, soil salinity, and water productivity. One of the applications of this model is the assessment of rainfed production during the long term, the effect of low fertilization, the productivity of real water on the farm, and the analysis of future climate scenarios. The disadvantages of this model include the lack of calibration of the amount and time of fertilization and the lack of consideration of plant diseases and weeds (Raes et al., 2009). The AquaCrop model is suitable for simulating different water and nitrogen managements on yield (Khoshravesh et al., 2012). Ebrahimi, Rezaverdinejad and Majnooni Heris (2015) evaluated the AquaCrop model under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer managements for estimating maize grain yield and biomass in Shiraz. This model predicted the grain yield of maize with high precision and biomass obtained in all treatments was more than the estimated values. Alishiri, Paknejad and Aghayari (2014) in simulating sugarbeet growth under different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilizer concluded that the highest error in performance simulation was in the treatment that had the highest fertilizer stress. The purpose of this study was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for estimating the crop grain yield (GY) and biomass (B) of Canola under different irrigation regimes and pure nitrogen fertilizer levels in loamy soils in Gazvin, Iran, for two years.

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of hybrid varieties of maize (single cross 260) under drip irrigation treatments in the Fars province in 2012 and 2013 at the Experimental Field of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. Irrigation levels were 20, 40, 60 and 80% deplection of moisture contents and experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design. The triats measured were leaf area index, dry matter yield and total biomass in 2012 and the measurements were repeated in 2013 to validate the use of SWAP model. The results showed that simulated yield changes by the use of model, at different levels of irrigation levels in the farm, corresponded with the yield changes in the field. Statistical indices including correlation coefficient (greater than 0.9), t-test (greater than 0.05), the root mean square error and normalized root mean square error (RMSEn) equal to 1.9-6.9, indicate good performance for grain yield and total biomass by using the SWAP model.

Improving the quality of life in a particular place or for individuals and groups has always been the focus of planners'''' attention. In recent years, studies on quality of life have focused mainly on urban nature, and the debate on the quality of urban life has become widespread among empirical research and studies. Today, with the increase of immigrants to major cities, they are resorting to the marginal areas of cities and informal settlements in order to achieve a better job and a better economic situation due to the inability to reside in formal urban areas. In this part of the cities, there is no necessary urban infrastructure and residents of these areas do not have a good quality of life. This problem exists in the metropolis of Tehran in different places. Therefore, in these settlements, the quality of life satisfaction has been investigated and the most important causes of dissatisfaction have been identified and addressed to resolve these issues. In this research, a descriptive-analytic method has been used. For data analysis, SPSS software has been used using one-sample t-test and Chen linear regression. The results of the research show that the most dissatisfaction with the economic and security factors in the neighborhood is. Analyzes also show that physical, service and access factors have the greatest mental impact on quality of life.

Introduction: Given the necessity and importance of addressing academic resilience as one of the less explored areas to find academic motivation in the educational system, the present study aimed to investigate the factors that affect students’ academic resilience in Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Methods: This correlational study was performed in the form of a causality model by using path analysis model. For this purpose, 237 students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling. Subjects responded to Samuels’ Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI), Martin and Marsh’s academic vitality, and Morris’s academic self-efficacy questionnaires. Data were analyzed in AMOS software using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient tests, and path analysis and goodness of fit indices. Results: Academic and social self-efficacy had a direct effect on academic vitality and an indirect significant effect on resilience. Academic vitality had a direct positive effect on academic resilience. However, emotional self-efficacy did not have any significant direct or indirect effect on academic vitality. Conclusion: Self-efficacy was an effective factor in academic vitality and teaching self-efficacy skills could lead to academic vitality. Also, programs should be planned to enhance students’ academic resilience, coping with stress and academic success.

Due to the dependency of direct seeding of rice on the application of herbicide and possibility of weed resistance to herbicides, the use of mixtures of herbicides is of considerable importance. To evaluate the effectiveness of consecutive applications of some herbicides with lower concentrations, including Thiobencarb, Pretilachlor, Bensulfuronmethyl, Ethoxysulfuron + Anilofos, Butachlor, and Propanil, on weed density, yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hashemi) an experiment based on a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan in 2014. The results showed that plant height, seed yield, dry matter yield, harvest index, number of tillers and number fertile florets per panicle were affected by these treatments. Tandem use of Thiobencarb (9 day before sowing), Bensulfuronmethyl (9 day after sowing) and Propanil (30 day after sowing) affected weed dry matter and weed density by 92 and 98 %, respectively. The highest number of fertile floret per panicle (71 pcs) and tillers number per plant (14 pcs) were observed in plots where Thiobencarb, Bensulfuronmethyl and Propanil were used consecutively. In this treatment, seed yield and biological yield increased by 72 and 73 percent respectively as compared with that of control. Application of Pretilachlor caused phytotoxicity, where by reduced plant height and seed yield. The highest grain yield of rice (3092 kg.ha-1) was produced by consecutive use of Thiobencarb, Bensulfuronmethyl and Propanil. This treatment was more effective in reducing density of weeds and their dry matters than of two times hand weeding. The use of Thiobencarb followed by Bensulfuronmethyl and Propanil was the most effective treatment in this expriement.

This paper investigates the development of an intelligent data query framework through the use of semantic web technologies for manufacturing purposes. The primary objectives of the ontology-based data query were to develop an efficient and scalable data interoperability and retrieval system; in order to find the most relevant query results with minimum message cost, most hits per query and least response time. This document explains the idea of ontology and the application of the same in the manufacturing domain. A computer simulation software was developed based on a real case study of distributed networks of manufacturing workshops. In this research, a semantic query algorithm was developed where query results are returned by investigating the semantic richness of each workshop. Results were compared with a semantic-free search mechanism based on key performance indicators. The results show the validity of the proposed model for efficient data query when compared to random search.

Purpose: To determine the role of Interactive Binocular Treatment (I-BiT™) as a complementary method of patching in amblyopia therapy. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 50 unilateral amblyopic children (25 male/25 female) between 3 and 10 years with either best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤20/30 in the amblyopic eye or a difference of BCVA≥2 lines between the two eyes were included. They were randomly classified into the case and control groups (25 in each). Patching was recommended in both groups, and cases also received I-BiT™. Cases were asked to play I-BiT™ games through appropriate glasses with conjugate colored filters. Moving and fixed targets were shown to the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, respectively. Playing games was continued 20 min in each session for 5 days a week within one month (total time: 6.6 h). Patching was continued for one month more in both groups to evaluate the continuous effect of I-BiT™. BCVA was measured at baseline, one month after beginning I-BiT™, and one month after cessation of I-BiT™. Results: BCVA of amblyopic eyes in cases and controls were 0.34 ± 0.14 and 0.33 ± 0.17LogMAR at baseline which improved to 0.17 ± 0.14 and 0.26 ± 0.17 at one month, respectively. The difference was significant in each group (p

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The purpose of this paper is the need for self-sequencing operation plans in autonomous agents. These allow resolution of combinatorial optimisation of a global schedule, which consists of the fixed process plan jobs and which requires operations offered by manufacturers. The proposed agent-based approach was adapted from the bio-inspired metaheuristic- particle swarm optimisation (PSO), where agents move towards the schedule with the best global makespan. The research has achieved a novel ontology-based optimisation algorithm to allow agents to schedule operations whilst cutting down on the duration of the computational analysis, as well as improving the performance extensibility amongst others. The novelty of the research is evidenced in the development of a synchronised data sharing system allowing better decision-making resources with intrinsic manufacturing intelligence. The multi-agent platform is built upon the Java Agent Development Environment (JADE) framework. The operation research case studies were used as benchmarks for the evaluation of the proposed model. The presented approach not only showed a practical use case of a decentralised manufacturing system, but also demonstrated near optimal makespans compared to the operational research benchmarks.

Background: Linoleic acid (LA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in high concentrations in follicular fluid, when added to maturation culture media, it affects oocyte competence. Objective: In the present study, we investigated effect of linoleic acid supplementation on in vitro maturation, embryo development and apoptotic related gene expression in ovine Materials and Methods: The experiments conducted on 450 ovine Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) with homogenous ooplasm and more than two compact layers of cumulus cells. For in vitro maturation COCs were randomly allocated into four treatment groups for 24 hr period. Treatment groups were as follow: control maturation media, 0 μM LA, 50 μM LA, 100 μM LA and 200 μM LA. The cumulus cell expansion and blastocysts rates were recorded. Total RNA was isolated from embryo pools, reverse transcribed into cDNA, and subjected to apoptotic gene expression by real-time PCR. Results: Highest concentration (200 μM/mL) of LA significantly decreased the rate of fully expanded cumulus cells 24 hr after in vitro maturation (IVM) and the percentage of blastocyste rate compared with the control (p

Due to environmental considerations, using permeable control structures in rivers have been widely welcomed by engineers working on different aspects of rivers. Impermeable structures such as rockfill dams could provide more suitable hydraulic conditions for flow discharge within rivers by allowing sediments pass through their body so that the environmental impacts at structures downstream may be reduced to its lowest rate. Although there are a large number of researches carried out on the hydraulics behavior of the flow passing through fine and coarse materials, there is, however, a few studies on passing bed load through dam body of rockfill structures. In this experimental research, to provide suitable condition for bed load to pass through dam body, a coarser layer of materials has been used at the bottom of the dam. Using dimensional analysis and data provided from laboratory tests, a relationship to estimate the amount of bed load passing from coarse materials has been introduced, and in this regard, the available equations to estimate bed loads, are modified as well. The mean relative error of the new equation was estimated as 64.7% while it is estimated as 101% for Meyer- Peter and Muler modified relationship. Furthermore, it is found that at the range of the experiments carried out in this research, using coarser materials at the bottom of rockfill dams has no significant effects on the amount of bed load passing through dam body.

Study DesignProspective study.PurposeTo determine the role of routine preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect the incidence and risk factors for intraspinal anomalies in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.Overview of LiteratureThe incidence and risk factors for intraspinal anomalies in patients with idiopathic scoliosis are controversial, and the indications for preoperative MRI in these patients vary among centers.MethodsInformation on patients with idiopathic scoliosis who were surgical candidates over 10 years (age at presentation, sex, magnitude and apex of major curve, intraspinal anomalies detected by MRI, and neurological examination results) were recorded, the patients were grouped according to the intraspinal anomaly, and the data were analyzed.ResultsOf the 271 patients with idiopathic scoliosis, 27 had neuroaxial abnormalities (9.9%). Of these 27 patients, 14 (52%) underwent a neurosurgical procedure. Significant differences were observed in the frequency of early disease onset and male sex (p