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3 results on '"Ekta Shirbhate"'

1. Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent

Author

Vijay K. Patel, Ekta Shirbhate, Preeti Patel, Ravichandran Veerasamy, Prabodh C. Sharma, and Harish Rajak

Subjects
Corticosteroids, COVID-19, Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Medicine (General), R5-920, Science
Abstract

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 occurrence as a global pandemic in March 2020. The treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients is based on the experience gained from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection during 2003. There is no clinically accepted therapeutic drug(s) accessible yet for the treatment of COVID-19. Main body Corticosteroids, i.e., dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone and prednisone are used alone or in combination for the treatment of moderate, severe and critically infected COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized and require supplemental oxygen as per current management strategies and guidelines for COVID-19 published by the National Institutes of Health. Corticosteroids are recorded in the WHO model list of essential medicines and are easily accessible worldwide at a cheaper cost in multiple formulations and various dosage forms. Corticosteroid can be used in all age group of patients, i.e., children, adult, elderly and during pregnancy or breastfeeding women. Corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in both primary and secondary immune cells, thereby reducing the generation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and lowering the activation of T cells, monocytes and macrophages. The corticosteroids should not be used in the treatment of non-severe COVID-19 patients because corticosteroids suppress the immune response and reduce the symptoms and associated side effects such as slow recovery, bacterial infections, hypokalemia, mucormycosis and finally increase the chances of death. Conclusion Intensive research on corticosteroid therapy in COVID-19 treatment is urgently needed to elucidate their mechanisms and importance in contributing toward successful prevention and treatment approaches. Hence, this review emphasizes on recent advancement on corticosteroid therapy for defining their importance in overcoming SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, their mechanism, efficacy and extent of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Published
2021
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2. Understanding the role of ACE-2 receptor in pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease: a potential approach for therapeutic intervention

Author

Prashant Kesharwani, Harish Rajak, Bapi Gorain, Vijay K. Patel, Talha Jawaid, Mehnaz Kamal, Ekta Shirbhate, and Jaiprakash Pandey

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Acute Lung Injury, Disease, Review, Bioinformatics, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), Medicine, Humans, rhACE2, Receptor, Pharmacology, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, General Medicine, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Hypertension, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, Cell response, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologue, ACE2, are commonly allied with hypertension, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathway, and other cardiovascular system disorders. The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has attracted the attention of numerous researchers on ACE2 receptors, where the causative viral particle, SARS-CoV-2, is established to exploit these receptors for permitting their entry into the human cells. Therefore, studies on the molecular origin and pathophysiology of the cell response in correlation to the role of ACE2 receptors to these viruses are bringing novel theories. The varying level of manifestation and importance of ACE proteins, underlying irregularities and disorders, intake of specific medications, and persistence of assured genomic variants at the ACE genes are potential questions raising nowadays while observing the marked alteration in response to the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Therefore, the present review has focused on several raised opinions associated with the role of the ACE2 receptor and its impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Published
2021

3. The combination of histone deacetylase inhibitors and radiotherapy: a promising novel approach for cancer treatment

Author

Preeti Patel, Ekta Shirbhate, Vijay K. Patel, Harish Rajak, Prabodh Chander Sharma, and Ravichandran Veerasamy

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Radiation-Sensitizing Agents, Cancer Research, Cell cycle checkpoint, Combination therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Antineoplastic Agents, Radiation Tolerance, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Transcriptional regulation, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Epigenetics, business.industry, Disease Management, Chemoradiotherapy, General Medicine, Epigenome, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Radiation therapy, Treatment Outcome, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Apoptosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, Disease Susceptibility, Histone deacetylase, business
Abstract

HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) play an essential role in various cellular processes, such as differentiation and transcriptional regulation of key genes and cytostatic factors, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis that facilitates the targeting of epigenome of eukaryotic cells. In the majority of cancers, only a handful of patients receive optimal benefit from chemotherapeutics. Additionally, there is emerging interest in the use of HDACi to modulate the effects of ionizing radiations. The use of HDACi with radiotherapy, with the goal of reaching dissimilar, often distinct pathways or multiple biological targets, with the expectation of synergistic effects, reduced toxicity and diminished intrinsic and acquired resistance, conveys an approach of increasing interest. In this review, the clinical potential of HDACi in combination with radiotherapy is described as an efficient synergy for cancer treatment will be overviewed.

Published
2020
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