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In order to increase the reliability and availability of wind turbines, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are considered crucial means to achieve these goals. In this context, direct drives wind turbines based on permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) with full-scale power converters are an emerging and promising technology. However, several statistical studies point out that power converters are a significant contributor to the overall failure rate of modern wind turbines. Accordingly, this paper presents a new algorithm for multiple open-circuit faults diagnosis in full-scale back-to-back converters, applied in PMSG drives used for wind turbine systems. The proposed method is based on a Luenberger observer and on an adaptive threshold, which can guarantee a reliable diagnosis independently of the drive operating conditions. Several simulation and experimental results using a PMSG drive with a full-scale converter are presented, showing the diagnostic algorithm effectiveness and robustness against false alarms for both generator- and grid-side converters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]