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Digital marketing merupakan sistem penjualan yang memanfaatkan media online untuk mengembangkan bisnis. Digital marketing menjadi media promosi dan transaksi yang banyak digunakan saat ini, karena dapat memberi keuntungan bagi pembeli dan penjual. Digital marketing dapat berupa aplikasi bisnis dengan platform seperti Facebook, Instagram, Youtube, Whatsapp, Instagram dan LINE. Peluang ini dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan bisnis penjualan kain tenun songket di desa Burai. Penjualan berbasis online dapat memutuskan mata rantai penjualan, sehingga harga suatu barang dapat dibeli dengan lebih murah. Selain itu biaya membangun digital marketing yang murah, jangkauan promosi yang lebih luas menjadi kelebihan. Pelaksanaan PKM ini bertujuan memberikan pelatihan tentang digital marketing bagi pengerajin kain tenun songket di desa Burai. Hasil dari penilaian pretest dan posttest menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan tentang digital marketing bagi peserta pelatihan. Tim PKM juga membimbing pengerajin kain tenun songket untuk membuat aplikasi Facebook ads dan Intagram. Pelatihan membangun digital marketing ini dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan masyarakat di desa Burai yang berupya melestarikan budaya dengan mempertahankan usaha kain tenun songket kain kebanggaan Uong Kito

Background: It has been shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis may induce intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation, leading to metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, it has been implicated in the etiology of obesity. Dietary intake is known to affect the gut microbiota. These RCTs suggested that different dietary interventions may exhibit different effects on the composition of gut microbiota in overweight or obese individuals.Objectives: This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of dietary intervention on the gut microbiota profiles in overweight or obese adults. The primary outcome of this systematic review is alpha-beta diversity and its changes at the species level.Materials and Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database with registration number CRD42022298891. A systematic search was conducted through the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus literature using the terms: “gut microbiota”,“microbiome”,“overweight”,“obesity”, “insulin sensitivity”,“insulin resistance”,“blood glucose”,“randomized controlled trial”. After screening abstracts and full texts, 18 articles were extracted by two authors.Results: Among the 18 RCT studies, dietary intervention gave an impact on gut microbiota alpha diversity changes in four studies. However, 7 studies showed no significant changes or differences compared to the placebo group. Beta diversity analysis was reported in 7 among 11 studies that performed alpha diversity analysis. Significant changes were found in food nutrients group (fiber supplementation) studies conducted over 8-12 weeks period. Seven more studies did not report any analysis of variance in either alpha or beta diversity. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota could be observed in dietary pattern interventions and resulting in improved metabolic status, except in the fried meat group diet. Interventions with food groups, food nutrients, and probiotics did not change the composition of gut microbiota.Conclusion: The effects of dietary interventions on alpha-beta diversity are inconsistent, but rather showed more consistent effects on the changes in microbiota composition, especially in dietary pattern interventions.

Background: Streptococcus sp. is a bacteria group in the oral cavity that plays a significant role in initiating plaque biofilm formation on teeth. One way to control plaque is gargling with mouthwash. Neem leaves contain antibacterial compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, and flavonoids that can be formulated as mouthwash ingredients.Objective: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Neem Leaf (EENL) mouthwash on the growth of Streptococcus sp.Methods: The research design was a pretest-posttest control group. The 28 samples of Streptococcus sp. were divided into 7 treatment groups (4 repetitions). The treatment group was given EENL mouthwash with concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%, a negative control was given aquadest and positive control was given 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Bacterial growth is known through the absorbance values. Data analysis used one-way Anova test and post hoc LSD test at p0.05). Meanwhile, the post hoc LSD test between concentrations of 5% - 12.5% with 0.2% chlorhexidine showed a significant difference in antibacterial power (p

Sejak Dunia diserang dengan penyakit Covid 19, sejak itu juga dunia pendidikan menjadi online, baik dari segi belajar mengajar ujian juga dilakukan secara online. Secara tidak langsung Covid 19 mengubah dunia pendidikan semakin lebih cangih dikarenakan semuanya serba digital. Dimasa pandemi ini pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara daring guru dan siswa harus aktif dalam penggunaan internet, sebagai guru memberikan materi pembelajaran, tugas maupun ujian melalui internet maka dari itu guru wajib mampu membuat semuanya menjadi serba online salah satunya membuat soal ujian online. Pada kali ini diadakan pelatihan bagaimana cara pembuatan soal secara online di salah satu sekolah swasta kota Palembang yaitu SMK Swakarya. Pelatihan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan membantu guru agar mampu membuat soal ujian secara online dengan menggunakan google form dan memanfaatkan fitur atau tools yang ada. Pelatihan yang dilakukan secara offline di ruang Aula dengan melibatkan 30 (tiga puluh) guru. Hasil evaluasi yang di peroleh dari kegiatan ini diketahui bahwa pada saat dilakukan proses pelatihan, manfaat yang dihasilakn dari pelatihan kemudian pemateri juga telah menyampaikan semua isi materi dengan cukup baik sehingga apa yang telah disampaikan bisa ditangkap oleh guru. Pemberian materi yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan terhadap guru baiknya secara rutin diberikan sehingga bisa menambah wawasan guru di SMK Swakarya Palembang.

Objectives: To determine the effect of lemongrass infusion on the growth of Streptococcus mutans at various concentrations. Methods: This study used post test only control group design with total sample is 9 samples, concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, positive control, and negative control with 3 replications. The research uses dilution method by looking at the turbidity which can be marked as MIC, for MBC used pour plate method was determined by looking at the presence or absence of bacterial growth on the plate. Data analysis was performed using the spss application using Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level if the result of p0,05) indicates that there is no significant difference between research groups. Conclusion: There was no effect of lemongrass stem infusion with various concentrations on the growth of Streptococcus mutans.

Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang dibutuhkan di tempat kerja. Selain itu, kemampuan berpikir kritis juga membantu dalam menyelesaikan masalah dan membangun strategi terbaik sehingga mampu membuat pekerjaan yang dilakukan menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) pada pokok bahasan sistem koordinasi dan alat indra. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas XI salah satu sekolah di kabupaten Karanganyar. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan angket kemampuan berpikir kritis dan observasi lapangan, data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang dignifikan pada tiap aspek kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik antara pra-dan pasca-siklus dengan rerata pra-siklus sebesar 32,46%, siklus 1 (50%), dan siklus 2 (78,17%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran kritis peserta didik dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konstruktivis-metakognitif.

Sistem imunitas menjadi isu sentral infeksi virus COVID-19 yang berkembang di masyarakat, tidak lain adalah agar masyarakat memiliki sistem daya tahan tubuh yang kuat. Akan tetapi, tanpa pemahaman yang baik tentang sistem imun, sebuah informasi yang keliru dapat saja menyesatkan masyarakat. Pemahaman yang baik sebuah materi dapat dilatihkan melalui pembelajaran, salah satunya menggunakan model Problem based Learning (PBL). Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan penelitian eksperimen, dengan desain one group pretest-posttest. Populasi penelitian ini diambil dari salah satu SMA negeri yang ada di kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November sampai dengan Desember 2021. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa nilai rerata pada pre-test sebesar 37,42 (ST-DEV 11,32) dan post-test 78,03 (ST-DEV 6,11). Rata-rata nilai gain sebesar 0,626 berada pada kategori sedang. Sebaran skor yang diperoleh sebelum menggunakan model PBL terdapat 24,2% siswa yang memperoleh skor 30 dan 35, sedangkan setelah penerapan model PBL dilakukan terdapat 30,3% siswa yang memperoleh skor 75, dan 27,3% siswa yang memperoleh skor 80. Perubahan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PBL dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kemampuan kognitif siswa SMA menggunakan taksonomi bloom revisi pada materi sistem imun di kabupaten karanganyar. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai masukan guru untuk memperbaiki kelemahan siswa dalam kemampuan kognitif kemudian merancang model pembelajaran, yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah 156 siswa kelas XI IPA yang terdiri dari lima kelas. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar berbentuk essay sebanyak 6 butir soal. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level kemampuan kognitif siswa berada pada kategori kemampuan berpikir tingkat rendah. Hasil ini bertolak belakang pada paradigma Pendidikan abad 21, dimana pendekatan tradisional yang menekankan hafalan atau penerapan prosedur sederhana tidak akan memajukan kemampuan berpikir yang lebih kompleks. Upaya mengingkatkan kemampuan kognitif melalui transformasi pedagogi dan perancangan ulang strategi pembelajaran. Teknologi dapat digunakan untuk mendukung upaya untuk mengubah pedagogi, tetapi penting untuk menyadari bahwa pengalaman belajar abad kedua puluh satu harus menggabungkan lebih dari sekedar teknologi

Background: Dentures that are rarely cleaned will trigger the growth of Candida albicans , which is a fungus known to be a major cause of opportunistic infections of the oral cavity. Liquid smoke is a chemical produced by distillation of smoke from combustion, containing phenol, carbonyl and carboxylic acids that are effective in killing fungi. Objective: To determine the effect of various concentrations of liquid smoke with different periods of time on the viability of Candida albicans . Methods: This was an experimental laboratory research with post-test only control group design. This study used Candida albicans colonies as samples with 6 different treatment concentrations of liquid smoke (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%) and different periods of time (5 and 15 minutes), with 5 duplications. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test on the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) showed that there are significant differences (p

Background: Diarrhea that could be caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can be prevented by increasing hand hygiene using alcohol-based hand rub, but frequent use might cause skin irritation. Replacing alcohol with herbs could avoid this side effect. Cloves have been proved to have antibacterial properties. However, most researches used complex extraction methods that might not be applicable on a household scale. Objective: To prove that clove extracts have ability to inhibit and to kill S. aureus and E. coli . Methods: This is an experimental study by using post-test only control group design. Clove extract was obtained with simple aqueous maceration. Samples were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 allocated into six groups: clove extracts at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% respectively; 70% alcohol as a positive control; and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was given 5 repetitions of intervention. MIC was measured with dilution method, while MBC with streak method. Negative controls were only used to monitor the quality of this work. Results: MIC of S. aureus was started at 50% concentration of clove extract, while MBC of S. aureus was started at 25 % concentration of the same extract. MIC and MBC of E. coli was both started at 25% concentration of clove extract. MIC and MBC of 100% concentration of clove extract were equal with 70% alcohol. Conclusion: Concentration of 100% clove extracts have similar ability with 70% alcohol to inhibit and to kill S. aureus and E. coli. Keywords: Clove Extracts, Escherichia coli, MBC, MIC, Staphylococcus aureus

Microbiology is the study of microbes where one of the materials is bacterial genetics. The results of observations about microbiology learning students experienced difficulties in understanding bacterial genetics, and there was no teaching material on bacterial genetics. Flipbook-based teaching materials are an alternative solution for teaching bacterial genetics well to students. The purpose of this study was to develop flipbook-based bacterial genetics teaching materials in microbiology courses at IKIP Budi Utomo. The development research model used is 4D including define, design, develop, and disseminate. This research is limited to the development stage. The results showed that the assessment of bacterial genetics teaching materials from material experts was 90.38%, media experts were 90%, field practitioner tests were 91.67% so that it met the very worthy criteria. The readability test with most of the students answered strongly agree with the statements about bacterial genetics teaching materials. The flipbook-based bacterial genetics teaching materials in the Microbiology course can improve learning motivation.Keywords: Learning materials, bacterial genetics, flipbook maker

Background : Dental caries is a multifactorial illness caused by bacteria. Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the bacteria causing caries, where it continues the caries process. That is why the antibacterial agent is needed. A cherry ( Muntingia calabura ) is fruit having many benefits for health, which one of them is as an antibacterial agent. It contains flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and terpenoid, which can function as the antibacterial agent. Aim :The study aimed to determine the influence of cherry ( Muntingia Calabura ) extract in preventing the growth of L.acidophilus . Method : True experimental laboratory with a post-test only control group design and 24 samples. Cherries were extracted by using maceration. Then, the phytochemical test was conducted to discover antibacterial substances. The antibacterial test was done by using the dilution method to know Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Results : Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) could not be seen, and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) showed that all concentration 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, and 50% and positive control were able to kill a bacterium L. acidophilus . Conclusions : There is an influence of cherry extract on the grow

Background: Acrylic resin was a material of denture base which frequently used, but it still had a weakness that it was porous, then, it was often the breeding ground of Candida albicans. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contained fatty acid which was effective to hamper the growth of C.albicans. Objective: This research was to identify the effect of VCO on the growth of C.albicans on acrylic resin denture. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory research which exerted post-test control group design. The total sample 24 which were divided into 3 groups of treatment and 1 group of control. The treatment covered acrylic plates soaking which have been contaminated with C.albicans suspension into VCO in concentration level 25%, 50%, 75%, and sterile aquades for 8 hours. The acrylic plate was vibrated to knock out C.albicans and was then continued by colony counting on the media of Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The statistic test employed Kruskal-Wallis and continued to the Post-Hoc test which employed Mann-Whitney. Findings: The VCO in concentration level 25%, 50%, and 75% affected to inhibit the growth of C.albicans. In the Kruskal-Wallis test, it was found a significant difference between the number of C.albicans on the control group and the VCO in concentration level 25%, 50%, and 75% (p0,05). Conclusion: The VCO in concentration level 25%, 50%, and 75% affected was able to hamper the growth of C.albicans. Further, there was no significant difference in each VCO concentration.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan suplementasi herbal (tepung daun katuk dan tepung jintan hitam), penambahan mineral Sulfur Proteinat (S-Proteinat) serta penambahan kombinasi herbal dan mineral terhadap kecernaan serat dan Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN) pakan sapi perah secara in vitro. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah T0 = Ransum Kontrol, T1 = T0 + kombinasi herbal (0,50% tepung daun katuk + 0,50% tepung jintan hitam), T2 = T0 + mineral (0,25% S-Proteinat) dan T3 = T1 + mineral (0,25% S-Proteinat). Ransum kontrol terdiri atas hijauan rumput gajah dan konsentrat komersial. Parameter yang diamati adalah kecernaan Neutral Detergen Fibre (KcNDF), kecernaan Serat Kasar (KcSK) dan nilai Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian suplementasi tepung daun katuk dan tepung jintan hitam, mineral S-Proteinat serta kombinasi kedua herbal dan mineral S-Proteinat tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai KcNDF, KcSK dan TDN. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplementasi herbal tepung daun katuk 0,50% BK pakan dan tepung jintan hitam 0,50% BK pakan, mineral S-Proteinat 0,25% BK pakan serta kombinasi kedua herbal dan mineral S-Proteinat belum mampu meningkatkan nilai kecernaan NDF dan SK serta nilai TDN pakan.Kata kunci : kecernaan serat, total digestible nutrients, in vitro, herbal, mineral.

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa tunanetra melalui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Outdoor Class di SLB N 1 Bantul Yogyakarta. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian tindakan kelas. Desain penelitian menggunakan Model Kurt Lewin dengan dua siklus dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan kegiatan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan observasi dan refleksi. Masing-masing siklus diselesaikan dalam dua pertemuan. Penelitian melibatkan siswa tunanetra kelas XI di SLB N 1 Bantul Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes, wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar IPA siswa tunanetra kelas XI di SLB N 1 Bantul dapat ditingkatkan melalui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Outdoor Class. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari rata-rata peningkatan prosentase ketuntasan belajar siswa

Introduction: One of the promotive and preventive efforts in the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease in primary health care is a health services environment that includes counseling, inspection and intervention of environmental health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Environmental health services in the primary health care against the prevention of Pulmonary TB disease in Regency of Banyuwangi. Method: This research was observational descriptive design of study cross-ssectional. The study population was the primary health care in districy of Banyuwangi and a large sample of 6 primary health care. The determination of the study sample by using purposive sampling based on criteria of results Assessment of Performance of primary health care (PKP) services and programs environmental health in primary health cares and numbers Case Notification Rate (CNR) at the top of the East Java Province. Processing and analysis of data using a scoring system based on the scale of the theoretically grouped in the category of good, enough, less. The data is then interpreted descriptively. Result and Discussion: The Program of health service in the prevention of the disease is said to be effective when the probability of >50.00%. The results showed the probability of the effectiveness of the environmental health services in the Primary Health Care of Klatak of 77.00%. The Primary Health Care of Mojopanggung, Sobo, and Kabat respectively 78.80%, Primary Health Care of Gitik by 64.20% and the Primary Health Care of Songgon 49.50%. Human resources at the Primary Health Care of Songgon not competent. The Primary Health Care of Gitik and Songgon not planning activities. The achievement of the output in all the primary health care less, it is because of the lack of commitment of the implementers and the coordination of cross-program not running. Conclusion: There are 5 primary health cares service programs environmental health in the prevention of Pulmonary TB effective that the Primary Health Care of Klatak, Mojopangung, Sobo, Kabat and Gitik while at the Primary Health Care of Songgon is not effective. The effectiveness of services and programs environmental health in TB patients is influenced by policies, human resources, infrastructure, planning and coordination across the program.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical gram-positive bacterium that forms clusters and is frequently resistant to antibiotics. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of S. aureus that is resistant to beta-lactam and cephalosporin groups of antibiotics, it is one of the biggest problems in resistant bacteria. Plants that have flavonoids in their extract can inhibit the growth of bacteria by impairing their cytoplasmic membrane. Arrowroot is an example of plants that have flavonoids in their extracts. Objectives: This research aims to determine the antimicrobial effect of arrowroot ( Maranta arundinacea L.) methanolic extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Methods : This is true experimental research with a post-test control group design with two control groups and eight experimental groups. The sample of this research utilizes the MRSA strain of S. aureus received from the Microbiology Laboratory of Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine that was eligible with the inclusion criteria. The research was conducted by using arrowroot extract concentrations 6.5%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and inhibitory zone diameter. Results: MIC and MBC of arrowroot methanolic extract against MRSA is 100%. The arrowroot methanolic extract to have yielded an inhibitory zone diameter is 100% with a mean inhibitory zone diameter of 15.5mm. Conclusion: Arrowroot methanolic extract can inhibit the bacterial growth of MRSA Keywords : Staphylococcus aureus, growth, M. arundinacea L. methanolic extract

Background The burden of leptospirosis in Indonesia is poorly understood. Data from an observational study conducted from 2013 to 2016 in seven cities across Indonesia was used to estimate the incidence of leptospirosis and document its clinical manifestations in patients requiring hospitalization. Methods Specimens from patients hospitalized with acute fever were collected at enrollment, 14–28 days, and 3 months. Demographic and clinical information were collected during study visits and/or retrieved from medical records and double-entered into clinical report forms. After initially screening for dengue virus and other pathogens, specimens were tested at a central Reference Laboratory for anti-Leptospira IgM using commercial ELISA kits and for Leptospira DNA using an in-house quantitative real-time PCR assay. Results Of 1464 patients enrolled, 45 (3.1%) confirmed cases (by PCR and/or sero-coversion or four-fold increase of IgM) and 6 (0.4%) probable cases (by high titer IgM) of leptospirosis were identified by the Reference Laboratory. Disease incidence at sites ranged from 0 (0%) cases in Denpasar to 17 (8.9%) cases in Semarang. The median age of patients was 41.2 years (range of 5.3 to 85.0 years), and 67% of patients were male. Twenty-two patients (43.1%) were accurately diagnosed at sites, and 29 patients (56.9%) were clinically misdiagnosed as having another infection, most commonly dengue fever (11, 37.9%). Clinically, 20 patients (39.2%) did not present with hyperbilirubinemia or increased creatinine levels. Two patients (3.9%) died, both from respiratory failure. Fifteen patients (29.4%) clinically diagnosed with leptospirosis at sites were negative based on IgM ELISA and/or PCR at the Reference Laboratory. Conclusions Leptospirosis remains an important cause of hospitalization in Indonesia. It can have diverse clinical presentations, making it difficult to differentiate from other common tropical infections. PCR combined with ELISA is a powerful alternative to the cumbersome gold-standard microscopic agglutination test, particularly in resource-limited settings.

INTRODUCTION: The increasing number of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa worldwide need to be continuously monitored to prevent its transmission. This study reviewed multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Southeast Asia.METHODS: Pubmed database was searched (January 2013-March 2018) for relevant articles using specific names of all eleven Southeast Asian countries. The articles retrieved were screened and analyzed to meet the inclusion criteria.RESULTS: A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. Vietnam had the most published data included in this study, East Timor, Cambodia, and Laos had none. There are variations among Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance in Southeast Asia. Thailand had complete data on antibiotic resistance and had the highest resistance rate of almost all antibiotics. Colistin had the lowest resistance rate among all antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS: Colistin had the lowest resistance rate among all antibiotics. Another study with more extensive data should be done to validate this study. Future research should be explicitly providing detail data results for antimicrobial resistance analyses.

Limbah industri farmasi mengandung limbah B3 yang harus dikelola sebelum dibuang ke badan air. Salah satu limbah farmasi dengan kandungan limbah B3 adalah senyawa yang tergolong dalam Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOC), yaitu senyawa fenol, 2-metilfenol dan asetofenon. Senyawa ini digunakan dalam bahan baku campuran pada industri farmasi. Keberadaan senyawa tersebut harus dipantau dengan melakukan analisis kadar senyawa fenol, 2- metilfenol dan asetofenon dalam sampel air limbah secara gas chromatografi mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, didapatkan kadar senyawa fenol sebesar 0,0053 mg/L, kadar senyawa 2-metilfenol sebesar 0,1692 mg/L dan kadar senyawa asetofenon sebesar 0,8952 mg/L

Keberadaan logam berat krom dari limbah industri elektroplating dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia, di antaranya menyebabkan kanker dan gagal ginjal. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, dilakukan upaya pengolahan limbah dengan cara adsorpsi menggunakan arang aktif dari kayu. Tulisan ini mempelajari kondisi optimal uji adsorpsi arang aktif kayu Muntingia calabura dan kemampuan bakteri Escherichia coli melakukan biodegradasi krom (VI) menjadi krom (III) pada pengolahan limbah krom industri elektroplating. Arang kayu dibuat pada suhu 500˚C selama 1 jam dan diaktivasi dengan uap air panas pada suhu 800˚C pada variasi waktu kontak 70 - 110 menit dengan tekanan 120 dan 150 mBar. Uji adsorpsi dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi awal adsorbat 20 - 100 mg/L, waktu kontak 45 - 105 menit, dan kecepatan pengadukan 100 - 300 rpm. Uji biodegradasi menggunakan bakteri Escherichia coli yang diinkubasi di dalam nutrient broth yang mengandung limbah hasil adsorpsi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kondisi optimal uji adsorpsi adalah konsentrasi awal 70 mg/L, kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm dan waktu kontak pada 75 menit, dengan efektivitas sebesar 86,7%. Efektifitas biodegradasi krom (VI) menjadi krom (III) adalah 98,6%.

The aim of this study is to understand what was changed in a Levantine mansion in the Buca district of Izmir, from its construction date to now. Since the construction date is 1876, the study is scoped into a 150 years period in time. The data collection method includes photographic documentation and laser measurements. The evaluation method is comparative analysis to relate the common properties of Levantine houses with the plan typology and the traces in the building. A short periodization and descriptions of each space have been made. The mansion had not experienced radical changes, even if there were handovers in the property ownership. However, it can be analysed by considering small differences. In conclusion, the building is periodized in three-time slices as the 1. Period in the years between 1876 – 1890 / 1895, the 2. Period between 1895 – 1960's and the 3. Period from the 1960s to now.

Irrational use of antibiotics can cause resistance to some diseases such as bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Previous research said that green betel leaf (Piper betle) contains antimicrobial compounds such as eugenol, cavalry, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids which also have antiseptic power as well as antibiotics. This study aims to prove the decrease in the number of Staphylococcus aureus colonies after giving green betel leaf eye drops (Piper betle) to conjunctivitis Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was true experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. 25 male white Wistar rats as objects were selected by simple random sampling and grouped into 5 groups randomly. The rats were given Staphylococcus aureus, control group K+ was given 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops, and K- was given aquadest as a comparison. Treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 were given different concentrations of betel leaf eye drops. Swab pretest was done 3 days after the rats were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and swab post-test was done 5 days after the rats were given green betel leaf eye drops, the calculation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria colonies used the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. There was a significant decrease (p

Intoduction: Sterile gauze is one of the medical devices that are often used to prevent infection. Several things, one of them is materials for packaging, can affect the sterility of gauze. Parchment paper is one of the packaging materials for sterilization. The study was done to analyze the sterility of gauze packed with parchment paper one layer and three layers on the growth of microorganism.Method: This study was an experimental study with a quasi-experimental design. Samples were 60 gauze packed with one layer parchment paper and 60 gauze packed with three layers of parchment paper. The sterility of sterile gauze tested at weeks 0, 2 and 4. Results: There was no significant difference in the sterility of gauze packed with 1 layer of parchment paper on the growth of microorganisms at 0, 2, 4 weeks (p = 0.126). No significant difference in the sterility of sterile gauze packed with 3 layers of parchment paper at 0, 2, 4 weeks (p = 0.675). There was a significant difference in the sterility of sterile gauze packed with parchment paper 1 layer and 3 layers on the growth of microorganisms (p = 0.002).Conclusion There is a significant difference of sterile gauze packed with parchment paper 1 layer and 3 layers against the growth of microorganisms. The sterility of the packaged sterile gauze with a layer of parchment paper is better than the three layers.

World TB report from World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 informed that Indonesia was second country with TB case. Multi Drug Resistance pulmonary infection’s case in Indonesia were 12.000. Kariadi hospital is one of tertiary hospital for pulmonary MDR-TB treatment but, there is no study about risk factor of it yet, so it needed to find risk factors of MDR-TB pulmonary infection in Kariadi hospital. Cross Sectional design using secondary data from Medical Record from January 1st - December 31, 2017 with result of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on GeneXpert sputum examination. Bivariate analysis with Chi square test and multivariate analysis was done by multiple logistic regression. The p value was considered significant if

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health crisis. Environmental health services in Primary health care provide counseling services, inspections and environmental health interventions. Research aims to determine the impact of environmental health services in Primary health care on the behavior of TB patients that includes the knowledge, attitudes and actions of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the prevention of the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis disease. Method: The method in this study was experimental quasi. Respondents were a new case of pulmonary TB at 6 Primary health care in Banyuwangi Regency April S/d June 2019. Pre test before obtaining environmental health services. Post test was given after counseling, inspection and environmental health intervention. Result and Discussion: The results showed a total of 24 respondents to the majority pulmonary tuberculosis patient was male (54.17%). Pre test knowledge of pulmonary TB patient is good (4.16%), enough (8.33%) and less (87.50%). Category Post test knowledge of TB patients acquired good (20.83%), sufficient category (75.00%) and less (4.20%). The average Pre test knowledge score is 37.70 and the Post test is 67.20. Category Prettest Action patients TB is good (4.16%) and less (95.83%). Category Post Test action patients pulmonary TB is good (54.17%), enough (41.67%) and less (4.16%) Which is an improvement in the form of masks, hand washing soap, the habit of spitting, the use of individual cutlery and drinking equipment, washing dinnerware and drinking with hot water/drying, drying the sleeping tools, opening a window every day, separate sleeping habits. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is environmental health services in Primary health care in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis improves the behavior of TB patients in the form of increased knowledge, attitudes and actions of the patient in the prevention of disease transmission of TB.

Data of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in Indonesian hospitals are scarce. Therefore, the epidemiology of S. aureus among surgery patients in three academic hospitals in Indonesia was studied. In total, 366 of 1,502 (24.4%) patients carried S. aureus. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage rate was 4.3%, whereas 1.5% of the patients carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Semarang and Malang city (odds ratio [OR] 9.4 and OR 9.0), being male (OR 2.4), hospitalization for more than 5 days (OR 11.708), and antibiotic therapy during hospitalization (OR 2.6) were independent determinants for MRSA carriage, whereas prior hospitalization (OR 2.5) was the only one risk factor for PVL-positive MSSA carriage. Typing of MRSA strains by Raman spectroscopy showed three large clusters assigned type 21, 24, and 38, all corresponding to ST239-MRSA-SCCmec type III. In conclusion, MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA are present among patients in surgical wards in Indonesian academic hospitals.