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1. Simultaneous Absolute Timing of the Crab Pulsar at Radio and Optical Wavelengths

Author

Oosterbroek, T., Cognard, I., Golden, A., Verhoeve, P., Martin, D. D. E., Erd, C., Schulz, R., Stuewe, J. A., Stankov, A., and Ho, T.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Crab pulsar emits across a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Determining the time delay between the emission at different wavelengths will allow to better constrain the site and mechanism of the emission. We have simultaneously observed the Crab Pulsar in the optical with S-Cam, an instrument based on Superconducting Tunneling Junctions (STJs) with $\mu$s time resolution and at 2 GHz using the Nan\c{c}ay radio telescope with an instrument doing coherent dedispersion and able to record giant pulses data. We have studied the delay between the radio and optical pulse using simultaneously obtained data therefore reducing possible uncertainties present in previous observations. We determined the arrival times of the (mean) optical and radio pulse and compared them using the tempo2 software package. We present the most accurate value for the optical-radio lag of 255 $\pm$ 21 $\mu$s and suggest the likelihood of a spectral dependence to the excess optical emission asociated with giant radio pulses., Comment: 8 pages; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2008
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2. Absolute timing of the Crab Pulsar at optical wavelengths with STJs

Author

Oosterbroek, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Martin, D., Verhoeve, P., Perryman, M. A. C., Erd, C., and Schulz, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We have observed the Crab Pulsar in the optical with S-Cam, an instrument based on Superconducting Tunneling Junctions (STJs) with $\mu$s time resolution. Our aim was to study the delay between the radio and optical pulse. The Crab Pulsar was observed three times over a time span of almost 7 years, on two different locations, using three different versions of the instrument, and using two different GPS units. We consistently find that the optical peak leads the radio peak by 49$\pm$90, 254$\pm$170, and 291$\pm$100 $\mu$s. On assumption of a constant optical lead, the weighted-average value is $\sim$170 $\mu$s, or when rejecting (based on a perhaps questionable radio ephemeris) the first measurement, 273$\pm$100 $\mu$s., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2006

3. A Mission to Explore the Pioneer Anomaly

Author

The Pioneer Explorer Collaboration, Dittus, H., Turyshev, S. G., Lämmerzahl, C., Theil, S., Foerstner, R., Johann, U., Ertmer, W., Rasel, E., Dachwald, B., Seboldt, W., Hehl, F. W., Kiefer, C., Blome, H. -J., Kunz, J., Giulini, D., Bingham, R., Kent, B., Sumner, T. J., Bertolami, O., Páramos, J., Rosales, J. L., Christophe, B., Foulon, B., Touboul, P., Bouyer, P., Reynaud, S., Brillet, A., Bondu, F., Samain, E., de Matos, C. J., Erd, C., Grenouilleau, J. C., Izzo, D., Rathke, A., Anderson, J. D., Asmar, S. W., Lau, E. L., Nieto, M. M., and Mashhoon, B.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. These spacecraft had exceptional acceleration sensitivity. However, analysis of their radio-metric tracking data has consistently indicated that at heliocentric distances of $\sim 20-70$ astronomical units, the orbit determinations indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue-shift, uniformly changing with a rate of $\sim(5.99 \pm 0.01)\times 10^{-9}$ Hz/s, which can be interpreted as a constant sunward acceleration of each particular spacecraft of $a_P = (8.74 \pm 1.33)\times 10^{-10} {\rm m/s^2}$. This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly. The inability to explain the anomalous behavior of the Pioneers with conventional physics has contributed to growing discussion about its origin. There is now an increasing number of proposals that attempt to explain the anomaly outside conventional physics. This progress emphasizes the need for a new experiment to explore the detected signal. Furthermore, the recent extensive efforts led to the conclusion that only a dedicated experiment could ultimately determine the nature of the found signal. We discuss the Pioneer anomaly and present the next steps towards an understanding of its origin. We specifically focus on the development of a mission to explore the Pioneer Anomaly in a dedicated experiment conducted in deep space., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; invited talk given at the 2005 ESLAB Symposium "Trends in Space Science and Cosmic Vision 2020", 19-21 April 2005, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

Published
2005

4. Fundamental Physics with the Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity

Author

LATOR Collaboration, Turyshev, S. G., Dittus, H., Shao, M., Nordtvedt, Jr., K. L., Laemmerzahl, C., Theil, S., Ertmer, W., Rasel, E., Foerstner, R., Johann, U., Klioner, S., Soffel, M., Dachwald, B., Seboldt, W., Perlick, V., Sandford, M. C. W., Bingham, R., Kent, B., Sumner, T. J., Bertolami, O., Paramos, J., Christophe, B., Foulon, B., Touboul, P., Bouyer, P., Damour, T., Reynaud, S., Salomon, C., Brillet, A., Bondu, F., Mangin, J. -F., Samain, E., Erd, C., Grenouilleau, J. C., Izzo, D., Rathke, A., Asmar, S. W., Colavita, M., and Gursel, Y.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity (LATOR) is a joint European-U.S. Michelson-Morley-type experiment designed to test the pure tensor metric nature of gravitation - a fundamental postulate of Einstein's theory of general relativity. By using a combination of independent time-series of highly accurate gravitational deflection of light in the immediate proximity to the Sun, along with measurements of the Shapiro time delay on interplanetary scales (to a precision respectively better than 0.1 picoradians and 1 cm), LATOR will significantly improve our knowledge of relativistic gravity. The primary mission objective is to i) measure the key post-Newtonian Eddington parameter \gamma with accuracy of a part in 10^9. (1-\gamma) is a direct measure for presence of a new interaction in gravitational theory, and, in its search, LATOR goes a factor 30,000 beyond the present best result, Cassini's 2003 test. The mission will also provide: ii) first measurement of gravity's non-linear effects on light to ~0.01% accuracy; including both the Eddington \beta parameter and also the spatial metric's 2nd order potential contribution (never measured before); iii) direct measurement of the solar quadrupole moment J2 (currently unavailable) to accuracy of a part in 200 of its expected size; iv) direct measurement of the "frame-dragging" effect on light by the Sun's gravitomagnetic field, to 1% accuracy. LATOR's primary measurement pushes to unprecedented accuracy the search for cosmologically relevant scalar-tensor theories of gravity by looking for a remnant scalar field in today's solar system. We discuss the mission design of this proposed experiment., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; invited talk given at the 2005 ESLAB Symposium "Trends in Space Science and Cosmic Vision 2020," 19-21 April 2005, ESTEC, Noodrwijk, The Netherlands

Published
2005

5. An XMM-Newton study of the X-ray binary MXB1659-298 and the discovery of narrow X-ray absorption lines

Author

Sidoli, L., Oosterbroek, T., Parmar, A. N., Lumb, D., and Erd, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of narrow X-ray absorption lines from the low-mass X-ray binary MXB1659-298 during an XMM-Newton observation in 2001 February. The 7.1 hr orbital cycle is clearly evident with narrow X-ray eclipses preceded by intense dipping activity. A sinusoid-like OM $B$-band modulation with a peak-to-peak modulation of 0.5 magnitude and a minimum coincident with the X-ray eclipse is visible. EPIC and RGS spectra reveal the presence of narrow resonant absorption features identified with OVIII 1s-2p, 1s-3p and 1s-4p, NeX 1s-2p, FeXXV 1s-2p, and FeXXVI 1s-2p transitions, together with a broad Fe emission feature at ~6.5 keV. The EWs of the Fe absorption features show no obvious dependence on orbital phase, even during dipping intervals. Previously, the only X-ray binaries known to exhibit narrow X-ray absorption lines were two superluminal jet sources and it had been suggested that these features are related to the jet formation mechanism. This now appears unlikely, and instead their presence may be related to the viewing angle of the system. The MXB1659-298 0.6--12 keV continuum is modeled using absorbed cutoff power-law and blackbody components. During dips the blackbody is more strongly absorbed than the power-law. The spectral shape of the 3.6% of 0.5--10 keV emission that remains during eclipses is consistent with that during non-dipping intervals., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2001
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6. Stellar Coronae with \textit{XMM-Newton} RGS. I. Coronal Structure

Author

Guedel, M., Audard, M., Boggende, A. J. den, Brinkman, A. C., Herder, J. W. den, Kaastra, J. S., Mewe, R., Raassen, A. J. J., de Vries, C., Behar, E., Cottam, J., Kahn, S. M., Paerels, F. B. S., Peterson, J. M., Rasmussen, A. P., Sako, M., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Sakelliou, I., and Erd, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

First results from high-resolution coronal spectroscopy with the {\it XMM-Newton} Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS) are reviewed. Five stellar systems (HR 1099, Capella, Procyon, YY Gem, AB Dor) have been observed. The emphasis of the present paper is on overall coronal structure. Elemental abundances in {\it active stars} are found to be `anomalous' in the sense that they tend to increase with increasing First Ionization Potential (FIP - i.e., signifying an inverse FIP effect). Coronal densities are measured at levels of a few times $10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$ for cooler plasma, although there are indications for very high densities in the hotter plasma components., Comment: To appear in Proc. of "X-ray astronomy 2000",(Palermo Sep. 2000), Eds. R. Giacconi, L. Stella, S. Serio, ASP Conf. Series, in press

Published
2000

7. Stellar Coronae with \textit{XMM-Newton} RGS. II. X-ray Variability

Author

Audard, M., Guedel, M., Boggende, A. J. den, Brinkman, A. C., Herder, J. W. den, Kaastra, J. S., Mewe, R., Raassen, A. J. J., de Vries, C., Behar, E., Cottam, J., Kahn, S. M., Paerels, F. B. S., Peterson, J. M., Rasmussen, A. P., Sako, M., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Sakelliou, I., and Erd, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

First results from high-resolution coronal spectroscopy of flares with the Reflection Grating Spectrometers on board the \textit{XMM-Newton} satellite are reviewed. Rotational modulation in the X-ray light curve of HR 1099 is discussed. Results from time-dependent spectroscopy of flares in the active stars HR 1099, AB Dor, YY Gem are also presented. Variations in the shape of the emission measure distributions, in the abundances and in the average density of the cool plasma are discussed., Comment: To appear in Proc. of "X-ray astronomy 2000",(Palermo Sep. 2000), Eds. R. Giacconi, L. Stella, S. Serio, ASP Conf. Series, in press

Published
2000

8. First Light Measurements with the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometers: Evidence for an Inverse First Ionisation Potential Effect and Anomalous Ne A bundance in the Coronae of HR 1099

Author

Brinkman, A. C., Behar, E., Guedel, M., Audard, M., Boggende, A. J. F. den, Branduardi-Raymont, G., Cottam, J., Erd, C., Herder, J. W. den, Jansen, F., Kaastra, J. S., Kahn, S. M., Mewe, R., Paerels, F. B. S., Peterson, J. R., Rasmussen, A. P., Sakelliou, I., and de Vries, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The RS CVn binary system HR 1099 was extensively observed by the XMM-Newton observatory in February 2000 as its first-light target. A total of 570 ks of exposure time was accumulated with the Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS). The integrated X-ray spectrum between 5-35 Angstrom is of unprecedented quality and shows numerous features attributed to transitions of the elements C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Fe, and Ni. We perform an in-depth study of the elemental composition of the average corona of this system, and find that the elemental abundances strongly depend on the first ionisation potential (FIP) of the elements. But different from the solar coronal case, we find an inverse FIP effect, i.e., the abundances (relative to oxygen) increase with increasing FIP. Possible scenarios, e.g., selective enrichment due to Ne-rich flare-like events, are discussed., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by A&A Letters, XMM issue

Published
2000
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9. High-Resolution spectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-67

Author

Cottam, J., Kahn, S. M., Brinkman, A. C., Herder, J. W. den, and Erd, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present initial results from observations of the low-mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-67 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on board the XMM-Newton Observatory. The spectra exhibit discrete structure due to absorption and emission from ionized neon, oxygen, and nitrogen. We use the quantitative constraints imposed by the spectral features to develop an empirical model of the circumsource material. This consists of a thickened accretion disk with emission and absorption in the plasma orbiting high above the binary plane. This model presents challenges to current theories of accretion in X-ray binary systems., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by A&A letters, XMM special issue

Published
2000
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13. Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer: mission status after the Definition Phase

Author

Titov, D., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, Lorenzo, Dougherty, M. K., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gare, Philippe, Gladstone, R., Grasset, O., Gurvits, L., Hartogh, P., Hussmann, Hauke, Iess, L., Jaumann, Ralf, Langevin, Yves, Palumbo, P., Piccioni, Giuseppe, Sarri, Guiseppe, Wahlund, J.-E., and Witasse, Olivier

Subjects
Planetengeologie, Planetengeodäsie, JUICE
Published
2015

14. The Jupiter icy moons explorer (JUICE): Complementarity of the payload in addressing the mission science objectives (abstract)

Author

Grasset, O., Altobelli, N., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, L., Dougherty, M., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gare, P., Gladstone, R., Gurvits, L., Hartogh, P., Hussmann, H., Jaumann, R., Iess, L., Langevin, Y., Palumbo, P., Piccioni, G., Titov, D., and Wahlund, J.E.

Abstract

This presentation will give a status of the JUICE mission in the end of the definition phase, its science scenario, and the observation strategies that are foreseen with a strong emphasis on the complemen-tarity of the suite of instruments. To summarize, the instrument suite on-board JUICE will allow the inte-gration of datasets into a comprehensive multisensor / multitemporal / multiresolution view maximizing the scientific return of the data. This will be demonstrated using six examples that are briefly described in this abstract.

Published
2014

15. Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE): Science Objectives, Mission and Instruments (abstract)

Author

Gurvits, L., Plaut, J.J., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, L., Dougherty, M., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gladstone, R., Grasset, O., Hartogh, P., Hussmann, H., Iess, L., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Palumbo, P., Piccioni, G., Titov, D., and Wahlund, J.E.

Subjects
Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

The JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is a European Space Agency mission that will fly by and observe the Galilean satellites Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, characterize the Jovian system in a lengthy Jupiter-orbit phase, and ultimately orbit Ganymede for in-depth studies of habitability, evolution and the local environment [1].

Published
2014

16. Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE): Science Objectives, Mission and Instruments

Author

Plaut, S., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, L., Dougherty, M. K., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gladstone, R., Grasset, O., Gurvits, L., Hartogh, Paul, Hussmann, H., Iess, L., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Palumbo, P., Piccioni, G., Titov, D.V., and Wahlund, J.-E.

Subjects
Planetengeologie, Juice, planetary missions, Planetengeodäsie
Published
2014

17. JUICE:complementarity of the payload in adressing the mission science objectives

Author

Titov, D.V., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, L., Dougherty, M. K., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gare, Philippe, Gladstone, R., Grasset, O., Gurvits, L., Hartogh, P., Hussmann, H., Iess, L., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Palumbo, P., Piccioni, G., and Wahlund, J.-E.

Subjects
Planetengeologie, Planetengeodäsie, JUICE
Published
2014

18. Jupiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE): An ESA L-Class mission cadidate to the Jupiter system

Author

Dougherty, M. K., Grasset, O., Erd, C., Titov, D., Bunce, E., Coustenis, A., Blanc, M., Coates, A., Drossart, P., Fletcher, L., Hussmann, H., Jaumann, Ralf, Krupp, N., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Tortora, P., Tosi, F., and Van Hoolst, T.

Subjects
Planetengeologie, icy moons, Jupiter, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, JUICE
Abstract

The discovery of four large moons orbiting around Jupiter by Galileo Galilei four hundred years ago spurred the Copernican Revolution and forever changed our view of the Solar System and universe. Today, Jupiter is seen as the archetype for giant planets in our Solar System as well as for the numerous giant planets known to orbit other stars. In many respects, and in all their complexities, Jupiter and its diverse satellites form a mini-Solar System. By investigating this system, and thereby unravelling the history of its evolution, from initial formation of the planet to the development of its satellite system, we will gain a general understanding of how gas giant planets and their satellite systems form and evolve and of how our Solar System works.

Published
2012

19. The Jupiter icy moons explorer (JUICE): Complementarity of the payload in addressing the mission science objectives (abstract)

Author

Grasset, O. (author), Altobelli, N. (author), Barabash, S. (author), Bruzzone, L. (author), Dougherty, M. (author), Erd, C. (author), Fletcher, L. (author), Gare, P. (author), Gladstone, R. (author), Gurvits, L. (author), Hartogh, P. (author), Hussmann, H. (author), Jaumann, R. (author), Iess, L. (author), Langevin, Y. (author), Palumbo, P. (author), Piccioni, G. (author), Titov, D. (author), Wahlund, J.E. (author), Grasset, O. (author), Altobelli, N. (author), Barabash, S. (author), Bruzzone, L. (author), Dougherty, M. (author), Erd, C. (author), Fletcher, L. (author), Gare, P. (author), Gladstone, R. (author), Gurvits, L. (author), Hartogh, P. (author), Hussmann, H. (author), Jaumann, R. (author), Iess, L. (author), Langevin, Y. (author), Palumbo, P. (author), Piccioni, G. (author), Titov, D. (author), and Wahlund, J.E. (author)

Abstract

This presentation will give a status of the JUICE mission in the end of the definition phase, its science scenario, and the observation strategies that are foreseen with a strong emphasis on the complemen-tarity of the suite of instruments. To summarize, the instrument suite on-board JUICE will allow the inte-gration of datasets into a comprehensive multisensor / multitemporal / multiresolution view maximizing the scientific return of the data. This will be demonstrated using six examples that are briefly described in this abstract., Space Engineering, Aerospace Engineering

Published
2014

20. Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE): Science Objectives, Mission and Instruments (abstract)

Author

Gurvits, L. (author), Plaut, J.J. (author), Barabash, S. (author), Bruzzone, L. (author), Dougherty, M. (author), Erd, C. (author), Fletcher, L. (author), Gladstone, R. (author), Grasset, O. (author), Hartogh, P. (author), Hussmann, H. (author), Iess, L. (author), Jaumann, R. (author), Langevin, Y. (author), Palumbo, P. (author), Piccioni, G. (author), Titov, D. (author), Wahlund, J.E. (author), Gurvits, L. (author), Plaut, J.J. (author), Barabash, S. (author), Bruzzone, L. (author), Dougherty, M. (author), Erd, C. (author), Fletcher, L. (author), Gladstone, R. (author), Grasset, O. (author), Hartogh, P. (author), Hussmann, H. (author), Iess, L. (author), Jaumann, R. (author), Langevin, Y. (author), Palumbo, P. (author), Piccioni, G. (author), Titov, D. (author), and Wahlund, J.E. (author)

Abstract

The JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is a European Space Agency mission that will fly by and observe the Galilean satellites Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, characterize the Jovian system in a lengthy Jupiter-orbit phase, and ultimately orbit Ganymede for in-depth studies of habitability, evolution and the local environment [1]., Space Engineering, Aerospace Engineering

Published
2014

21. SMART-1 Impact Ground-based campaign

Author

Ehrenfreund, P., Foing, B. H., Veillet, C., Wooden, D., Gurvits, L., Cook, A. C., Koschny, D., Biver, N., Buckley, D., Ortiz, J. L., Di Martino, M., Dantowitz, R., Cooke, B., Reddy, V., Wood, M., Vennes, S., Albert, L., Sugita, S., Kasuga, T., Meech, K., Tokunaga, A., Lucey, P., Krots, A., Palle, E., Montanes, P., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Cremonese, G., Barbieri, C., Ferri, F., Mangano, V., Bhandari, N., Chandrasekhar, T., Kawano, N., Matsumoto, K., Taylor, C., Hanslmeyer, A., Vaubaillon, J., Schultz, R., Erd, C., Gondoin, P., Levasseur-Regourd, A.-C., Khodachenko, M., Rucker, H., Burchell, M., Cole, M., Svedhem, H., Rossi, A., Colaprete, T., Goldstein, D., Schultz, P. H., Alkalai, L., Banerdt, B., Kato, M., Graham, F., Ball, A., Taylor, E., Baldwin, E., Berezhnoy, A., Lammer, H., Talevi, M., Landeau-Constantin, J., Weyhe, B. v., Ansari, S., Lawton, C., Lebreton, J. P., Friedman, L., Betts, B., Buoso, M., Williams, S., Cirou, A., David, L., Sanguy, O., Burke, J. D., Maley, P. D., de Morais, V. M., Marchis, F., Munoz, J. M. H., and Dighay, J.-L.

Abstract

Based on predictions of impact magnitude and cloud ejecta dynamics, we organized a SMART-1 ground-based observation campaign to perform coordinated measurements of the impact. Results from the coordinated multi-site campaign will be discussed.

Published
2007

23. A Mission to Explore the Pioneer Anomaly

Author

The Pioneer Explorer Collaboration, Dittus, H., Turyshev, S. G., L��mmerzahl, C., Theil, S., Foerstner, R., Johann, U., Ertmer, W., Rasel, E., Dachwald, B., Seboldt, W., Hehl, F. W., Kiefer, C., Blome, H. -J., Kunz, J., Giulini, D., Bingham, R., Kent, B., Sumner, T. J., Bertolami, O., P��ramos, J., Rosales, J. L., Christophe, B., Foulon, B., Touboul, P., Bouyer, P., Reynaud, S., Brillet, A., Bondu, F., Samain, E., de Matos, C. J., Erd, C., Grenouilleau, J. C., Izzo, D., Rathke, A., Anderson, J. D., Asmar, S. W., Lau, E. L., Nieto, M. M., Mashhoon, B., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Chatillon ), ONERA, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique ( LCFIO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Jussieu) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc]
Abstract

The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. These spacecraft had exceptional acceleration sensitivity. However, analysis of their radio-metric tracking data has consistently indicated that at heliocentric distances of $\sim 20-70$ astronomical units, the orbit determinations indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue-shift, uniformly changing with a rate of $\sim(5.99 \pm 0.01)\times 10^{-9}$ Hz/s, which can be interpreted as a constant sunward acceleration of each particular spacecraft of $a_P = (8.74 \pm 1.33)\times 10^{-10} {\rm m/s^2}$. This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly. The inability to explain the anomalous behavior of the Pioneers with conventional physics has contributed to growing discussion about its origin. There is now an increasing number of proposals that attempt to explain the anomaly outside conventional physics. This progress emphasizes the need for a new experiment to explore the detected signal. Furthermore, the recent extensive efforts led to the conclusion that only a dedicated experiment could ultimately determine the nature of the found signal. We discuss the Pioneer anomaly and present the next steps towards an understanding of its origin. We specifically focus on the development of a mission to explore the Pioneer Anomaly in a dedicated experiment conducted in deep space., 8 pages, 9 figures; invited talk given at the 2005 ESLAB Symposium "Trends in Space Science and Cosmic Vision 2020", 19-21 April 2005, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

Published
2004

24. Fundamental Physics with the Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity

Author

LATOR Collaboration, Turyshev, S. G., Dittus, H., Shao, M., Nordtvedt, Jr., K. L., Laemmerzahl, C., Theil, S., Ertmer, W., Rasel, E., Foerstner, R., Johann, U., Klioner, S., Soffel, M., Dachwald, B., Seboldt, W., Perlick, V., Sandford, M. C. W., Bingham, R., Kent, B., Sumner, T. J., Bertolami, O., Paramos, J., Christophe, B., Foulon, B., Touboul, P., Bouyer, P., Damour, T., Reynaud, S., Salomon, C., Brillet, A., Bondu, F., Mangin, J. -F., Samain, E., Erd, C., Grenouilleau, J. C., Izzo, D., Rathke, A., Asmar, S. W., Colavita, M., Gursel, Y., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Chatillon ), ONERA, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique ( LCFIO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques ( IHES ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Jussieu) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Lhomond) ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc]
Abstract

The Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity (LATOR) is a joint European-U.S. Michelson-Morley-type experiment designed to test the pure tensor metric nature of gravitation - a fundamental postulate of Einstein's theory of general relativity. By using a combination of independent time-series of highly accurate gravitational deflection of light in the immediate proximity to the Sun, along with measurements of the Shapiro time delay on interplanetary scales (to a precision respectively better than 0.1 picoradians and 1 cm), LATOR will significantly improve our knowledge of relativistic gravity. The primary mission objective is to i) measure the key post-Newtonian Eddington parameter \gamma with accuracy of a part in 10^9. (1-\gamma) is a direct measure for presence of a new interaction in gravitational theory, and, in its search, LATOR goes a factor 30,000 beyond the present best result, Cassini's 2003 test. The mission will also provide: ii) first measurement of gravity's non-linear effects on light to ~0.01% accuracy; including both the Eddington \beta parameter and also the spatial metric's 2nd order potential contribution (never measured before); iii) direct measurement of the solar quadrupole moment J2 (currently unavailable) to accuracy of a part in 200 of its expected size; iv) direct measurement of the "frame-dragging" effect on light by the Sun's gravitomagnetic field, to 1% accuracy. LATOR's primary measurement pushes to unprecedented accuracy the search for cosmologically relevant scalar-tensor theories of gravity by looking for a remnant scalar field in today's solar system. We discuss the mission design of this proposed experiment., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; invited talk given at the 2005 ESLAB Symposium "Trends in Space Science and Cosmic Vision 2020," 19-21 April 2005, ESTEC, Noodrwijk, The Netherlands

Published
2004

29. 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3-B observed from the optical ground station

Author

Ho, T.-M., Schulz, R., Erd, C., Martin, D., Oosterbroek, T., Peacock, A., Stankov, A., Stuewe, J., Verhoeve, P., Ho, T.-M., Schulz, R., Erd, C., Martin, D., Oosterbroek, T., Peacock, A., Stankov, A., Stuewe, J., and Verhoeve, P.

Abstract

Aims.In 2006 comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, which split in 1995 into five pieces, approached the Sun again with a swarm of new fragments. The same year in May, the conglomerate of sub-fragments from the original fragment B was observed with the S-Cam3 instrument mounted on the 1-m ESA Optical Ground Station (OGS) telescope in Tenerife, Spain. With a total FOV of ~876 km $\times$730 km and a spatial resolution of ~73 km/pixel, the S-Cam3 observations provided the possibility to examine dust fragmentation processes, as well as dust and gas outflow, within the first few hundred kilometres of the sub-fragment surfaces.

Published
2008
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30. Absolute timing of the Crab Pulsar at optical wavelengths with superconducting tunneling junctions

Author

Oosterbroek, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Martin, D., Verhoeve, P., Perryman, M. A. C., Erd, C., Schulz, R., Oosterbroek, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Martin, D., Verhoeve, P., Perryman, M. A. C., Erd, C., and Schulz, R.

Abstract

Aims.We have observed the Crab Pulsar in the optical with S-Cam, an instrument based on Superconducting Tunneling Junctions (STJs) with μs time resolution. Our aim was to study the delay between the radio and optical pulse.

Published
2006
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32. XMM-Newton observatory

Author

Jansen, F., primary, Lumb, D., additional, Altieri, B., additional, Clavel, J., additional, Ehle, M., additional, Erd, C., additional, Gabriel, C., additional, Guainazzi, M., additional, Gondoin, P., additional, Much, R., additional, Munoz, R., additional, Santos, M., additional, Schartel, N., additional, Texier, D., additional, and Vacanti, G., additional

Published
2001
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33. The Reflection Grating Spectrometer on board XMM-Newton

Author

den Herder, J. W., primary, Brinkman, A. C., additional, Kahn, S. M., additional, Branduardi-Raymont, G., additional, Thomsen, K., additional, Aarts, H., additional, Audard, M., additional, Bixler, J. V., additional, den Boggende, A. J., additional, Cottam, J., additional, Decker, T., additional, Dubbeldam, L., additional, Erd, C., additional, Goulooze, H., additional, Güdel, M., additional, Guttridge, P., additional, Hailey, C. J., additional, Al Janabi, K., additional, Kaastra, J. S., additional, de Korte, P. A. J., additional, van Leeuwen, B. J., additional, Mauche, C., additional, McCalden, A. J., additional, Mewe, R., additional, Naber, A., additional, Paerels, F. B., additional, Peterson, J. R., additional, Rasmussen, A. P., additional, Rees, K., additional, Sakelliou, I., additional, Sako, M., additional, Spodek, J., additional, Stern, M., additional, Tamura, T., additional, Tandy, J., additional, de Vries, C. P., additional, Welch, S., additional, and Zehnder, A., additional

Published
2001
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34. First light measurements with the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometers: Evidence for an inverse first ionisation potential effect and anomalous Ne abundance in the Coronae of HR 1099

Author

Brinkman, A. C., primary, Behar, E., additional, Güdel, M., additional, Audard, M., additional, den Boggende, A. J. F., additional, Branduardi-Raymont, G., additional, Cottam, J., additional, Erd, C., additional, den Herder, J. W., additional, Jansen, F., additional, Kaastra, J. S., additional, Kahn, S. M., additional, Mewe, R., additional, Paerels, F. B. S., additional, Peterson, J. R., additional, Rasmussen, A. P., additional, Sakelliou, I., additional, and de Vries, C., additional

Published
2001
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37. SMART-1 Impact Ground-based campaign

Author

Ehrenfreund, P., Foing, B. H., Veillet, C., Wooden, D., Gurvits, L., Cook, A. C., Koschny, D., Biver, N., Buckley, D., Ortiz, J. L., Di Martino, M., Dantowitz, R., Cooke, B., Reddy, V., Wood, M., Vennes, S., Albert, L., Sugita, S., Kasuga, T., Meech, K., Tokunaga, A., Lucey, P., Krots, A., Palle, E., Montanes, P., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Cremonese, G., Barbieri, C., Ferri, F., Mangano, V., Bhandari, N., Chandrasekhar, T., Kawano, N., Matsumoto, K., Taylor, C., Hanslmeyer, A., Vaubaillon, J., Schultz, R., Erd, C., Gondoin, P., Levasseur-Regourd, A.-C., Khodachenko, M., Rucker, H., Burchell, M., Cole, M., Svedhem, H., Rossi, A., Colaprete, T., Goldstein, D., Schultz, P. H., Alkalai, L., Banerdt, B., Kato, M., Graham, F., Ball, A., Taylor, E., Baldwin, E., Berezhnoy, A., Lammer, H., Talevi, M., Landeau-Constantin, J., Weyhe, B. v., Ansari, S., Lawton, C., Lebreton, J. P., Friedman, L., Betts, B., Buoso, M., Williams, S., Cirou, A., David, L., Sanguy, O., Burke, J. D., Maley, P. D., de Morais, V. M., Marchis, F., Munoz, J. M. H., Dighay, J.-L., Ehrenfreund, P., Foing, B. H., Veillet, C., Wooden, D., Gurvits, L., Cook, A. C., Koschny, D., Biver, N., Buckley, D., Ortiz, J. L., Di Martino, M., Dantowitz, R., Cooke, B., Reddy, V., Wood, M., Vennes, S., Albert, L., Sugita, S., Kasuga, T., Meech, K., Tokunaga, A., Lucey, P., Krots, A., Palle, E., Montanes, P., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Cremonese, G., Barbieri, C., Ferri, F., Mangano, V., Bhandari, N., Chandrasekhar, T., Kawano, N., Matsumoto, K., Taylor, C., Hanslmeyer, A., Vaubaillon, J., Schultz, R., Erd, C., Gondoin, P., Levasseur-Regourd, A.-C., Khodachenko, M., Rucker, H., Burchell, M., Cole, M., Svedhem, H., Rossi, A., Colaprete, T., Goldstein, D., Schultz, P. H., Alkalai, L., Banerdt, B., Kato, M., Graham, F., Ball, A., Taylor, E., Baldwin, E., Berezhnoy, A., Lammer, H., Talevi, M., Landeau-Constantin, J., Weyhe, B. v., Ansari, S., Lawton, C., Lebreton, J. P., Friedman, L., Betts, B., Buoso, M., Williams, S., Cirou, A., David, L., Sanguy, O., Burke, J. D., Maley, P. D., de Morais, V. M., Marchis, F., Munoz, J. M. H., and Dighay, J.-L.

Abstract

Based on predictions of impact magnitude and cloud ejecta dynamics, we organized a SMART-1 ground-based observation campaign to perform coordinated measurements of the impact. Results from the coordinated multi-site campaign will be discussed.

38. SMART-1 Impact Ground-based campaign

Author

Ehrenfreund, P., Foing, B. H., Veillet, C., Wooden, D., Gurvits, L., Cook, A. C., Koschny, D., Biver, N., Buckley, D., Ortiz, J. L., Di Martino, M., Dantowitz, R., Cooke, B., Reddy, V., Wood, M., Vennes, S., Albert, L., Sugita, S., Kasuga, T., Meech, K., Tokunaga, A., Lucey, P., Krots, A., Palle, E., Montanes, P., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Cremonese, G., Barbieri, C., Ferri, F., Mangano, V., Bhandari, N., Chandrasekhar, T., Kawano, N., Matsumoto, K., Taylor, C., Hanslmeyer, A., Vaubaillon, J., Schultz, R., Erd, C., Gondoin, P., Levasseur-Regourd, A.-C., Khodachenko, M., Rucker, H., Burchell, M., Cole, M., Svedhem, H., Rossi, A., Colaprete, T., Goldstein, D., Schultz, P. H., Alkalai, L., Banerdt, B., Kato, M., Graham, F., Ball, A., Taylor, E., Baldwin, E., Berezhnoy, A., Lammer, H., Talevi, M., Landeau-Constantin, J., Weyhe, B. v., Ansari, S., Lawton, C., Lebreton, J. P., Friedman, L., Betts, B., Buoso, M., Williams, S., Cirou, A., David, L., Sanguy, O., Burke, J. D., Maley, P. D., de Morais, V. M., Marchis, F., Munoz, J. M. H., Dighay, J.-L., Ehrenfreund, P., Foing, B. H., Veillet, C., Wooden, D., Gurvits, L., Cook, A. C., Koschny, D., Biver, N., Buckley, D., Ortiz, J. L., Di Martino, M., Dantowitz, R., Cooke, B., Reddy, V., Wood, M., Vennes, S., Albert, L., Sugita, S., Kasuga, T., Meech, K., Tokunaga, A., Lucey, P., Krots, A., Palle, E., Montanes, P., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Cremonese, G., Barbieri, C., Ferri, F., Mangano, V., Bhandari, N., Chandrasekhar, T., Kawano, N., Matsumoto, K., Taylor, C., Hanslmeyer, A., Vaubaillon, J., Schultz, R., Erd, C., Gondoin, P., Levasseur-Regourd, A.-C., Khodachenko, M., Rucker, H., Burchell, M., Cole, M., Svedhem, H., Rossi, A., Colaprete, T., Goldstein, D., Schultz, P. H., Alkalai, L., Banerdt, B., Kato, M., Graham, F., Ball, A., Taylor, E., Baldwin, E., Berezhnoy, A., Lammer, H., Talevi, M., Landeau-Constantin, J., Weyhe, B. v., Ansari, S., Lawton, C., Lebreton, J. P., Friedman, L., Betts, B., Buoso, M., Williams, S., Cirou, A., David, L., Sanguy, O., Burke, J. D., Maley, P. D., de Morais, V. M., Marchis, F., Munoz, J. M. H., and Dighay, J.-L.

Abstract

Based on predictions of impact magnitude and cloud ejecta dynamics, we organized a SMART-1 ground-based observation campaign to perform coordinated measurements of the impact. Results from the coordinated multi-site campaign will be discussed.

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