993 results on '"Estrogen Receptor Modulators"'
Search Results
2. Estrogen deprivation and estrogen receptor α antagonism decrease DSS colitis in female mice.
- Author
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Hjelt, Anja, Anttila, Santeri, Wiklund, Anu, Rokka, Anne, Al‐Ramahi, Darin, Toivola, Diana M., Polari, Lauri, and Määttä, Jorma
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ESTROGEN receptors , *ESTRADIOL , *COLITIS , *INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases , *OVARIES , *SLEEP deprivation , *ANIMAL welfare , *ESTROGEN - Abstract
The association of hormonal contraception with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) observed in females suggests involvement of ovarian hormones, such as estradiol, and the estrogen receptors in the progression of intestinal inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of prophylactic SERM2 and estradiol supplementation in dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis using mice with intact ovaries and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. We found that graded colitis score was threefold reduced in the OVX mice, compared to mice with intact ovaries. Estradiol supplementation, however, aggravated the colitis in OVX mice, increasing the colitis score to a similar level than what was observed in the intact mice. Further, we observed that immune infiltration and gene expression of inflammatory interleukins Il1b, Il6, and Il17a were up to 200‐fold increased in estradiol supplemented OVX colitis mice, while a mild but consistent decrease was observed by SERM2 treatment in intact animals. Additionally, cyclo‐oxygenase 2 induction was increased in the colon of colitis mice, in correlation with increased serum estradiol levels. Measured antagonist properties of SERM2, together with the other results presented here, indicates an exaggerating role of ERα signaling in colitis. Our results contribute to the knowledge of ovarian hormone effects in colitis and encourage further research on the potential use of ER antagonists in the colon, in order to alleviate inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Estrogen deprivation and estrogen receptor α antagonism decrease DSS colitis in female mice
- Author
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Anja Hjelt, Santeri Anttila, Anu Wiklund, Anne Rokka, Darin Al‐Ramahi, Diana M. Toivola, Lauri Polari, and Jorma Määttä
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colitis ,dextran sulfate ,estradiol ,estrogen receptor modulators ,inflammatory bowel diseases ,receptors ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Abstract The association of hormonal contraception with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) observed in females suggests involvement of ovarian hormones, such as estradiol, and the estrogen receptors in the progression of intestinal inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of prophylactic SERM2 and estradiol supplementation in dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis using mice with intact ovaries and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. We found that graded colitis score was threefold reduced in the OVX mice, compared to mice with intact ovaries. Estradiol supplementation, however, aggravated the colitis in OVX mice, increasing the colitis score to a similar level than what was observed in the intact mice. Further, we observed that immune infiltration and gene expression of inflammatory interleukins Il1b, Il6, and Il17a were up to 200‐fold increased in estradiol supplemented OVX colitis mice, while a mild but consistent decrease was observed by SERM2 treatment in intact animals. Additionally, cyclo‐oxygenase 2 induction was increased in the colon of colitis mice, in correlation with increased serum estradiol levels. Measured antagonist properties of SERM2, together with the other results presented here, indicates an exaggerating role of ERα signaling in colitis. Our results contribute to the knowledge of ovarian hormone effects in colitis and encourage further research on the potential use of ER antagonists in the colon, in order to alleviate inflammation.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Levels of Circulating Tumor DNA as a Predictive Marker for Early Switch in Treatment for Patients With Metastatic (Stage IV) Breast Cancer
- Author
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Frances Valdes-Albini, Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
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- 2023
5. Efficacy Evaluation of Sabizabulin Monotherapy Versus Active Control for Treatment of ER+HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer
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- 2023
6. Memory-Related Synaptic Plasticity Is Sexually Dimorphic in Rodent Hippocampus
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Wang, Weisheng, Le, Aliza A, Hou, Bowen, Lauterborn, Julie C, Cox, Conor D, Levin, Ellis R, Lynch, Gary, and Gall, Christine M
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Behavioral and Social Science ,Brain Disorders ,Estrogen ,Neurosciences ,Mental Health ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Mental health ,1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Estradiol ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Estrogens ,Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ,Female ,Hippocampus ,Male ,Memory ,Mice ,Neuronal Plasticity ,Neurons ,Phosphorylation ,Piperidines ,Pyrazoles ,Pyrimidines ,Rats ,Rats ,Sprague-Dawley ,Sex Characteristics ,Spatial Learning ,Synapses ,rho-Associated Kinases ,estrogen ,estrogen receptor alpha ,long-term potentiation ,LTP ,object location memory ,TrkB ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery - Abstract
Men are generally superior to women in remembering spatial relationships, whereas the reverse holds for semantic information, but the neurobiological bases for these differences are not understood. Here we describe striking sexual dimorphism in synaptic mechanisms of memory encoding in hippocampal field CA1, a region critical for spatial learning. Studies of acute hippocampal slices from adult rats and mice show that for excitatory Schaffer-commissural projections, the memory-related long-term potentiation (LTP) effect depends upon endogenous estrogen and membrane estrogen receptor α (ERα) in females but not in males; there was no evident involvement of nuclear ERα in females, or of ERβ or GPER1 (G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1) in either sex. Quantitative immunofluorescence showed that stimulation-induced activation of two LTP-related kinases (Src, ERK1/2), and of postsynaptic TrkB, required ERα in females only, and that postsynaptic ERα levels are higher in females than in males. Several downstream signaling events involved in LTP were comparable between the sexes. In contrast to endogenous estrogen effects, infused estradiol facilitated LTP and synaptic signaling in females via both ERα and ERβ. The estrogen dependence of LTP in females was associated with a higher threshold for both inducing potentiation and acquiring spatial information. These results indicate that the observed sexual dimorphism in hippocampal LTP reflects differences in synaptic kinase activation, including both a weaker association with NMDA receptors and a greater ERα-mediated kinase activation in response to locally produced estrogen in females. We propose that male/female differences in mechanisms and threshold for field CA1 LTP contribute to differences in encoding specific types of memories.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is good evidence for male/female differences in memory-related cognitive function, but the neurobiological basis for this sexual dimorphism is not understood. Here we describe sex differences in synaptic function in a brain area that is critical for learning spatial cues. Our results show that female rodents have higher synaptic levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and, in contrast to males, require membrane ERα for the activation of signaling kinases that support long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning. The additional requirement of estrogen signaling in females resulted in a higher threshold for both LTP and hippocampal field CA1-dependent spatial learning. These results describe a synaptic basis for sexual dimorphism in encoding spatial information.
- Published
- 2018
7. Estrogen receptor-1 is a key regulator of HIV-1 latency that imparts gender-specific restrictions on the latent reservoir
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Das, Biswajit, Dobrowolski, Curtis, Luttge, Benjamin, Valadkhan, Saba, Chomont, Nicolas, Johnston, Rowena, Bacchetti, Peter, Hoh, Rebecca, Gandhi, Monica, Deeks, Steven G, Scully, Eileen, and Karn, Jonathan
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Women's Health ,Genetics ,Estrogen ,Infectious Diseases ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,HIV/AIDS ,Adult ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Female ,HIV-1 ,Humans ,Jurkat Cells ,Male ,Receptors ,Antigen ,T-Cell ,Sex Characteristics ,T-Lymphocytes ,Transcription ,Genetic ,Virus Latency ,HIV-1 latency ,HIV-1 reservoir ,estrogen receptor ,latency-reversing agents ,selective estrogen receptor modulators - Abstract
Unbiased shRNA library screens revealed that the estrogen receptor-1 (ESR-1) is a key factor regulating HIV-1 latency. In both Jurkat T cells and a Th17 primary cell model for HIV-1 latency, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs, i.e., fulvestrant, raloxifene, and tamoxifen) are weak proviral activators and sensitize cells to latency-reversing agents (LRAs) including low doses of TNF-α (an NF-κB inducer), the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (soruberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA), and IL-15. To probe the physiologic relevance of these observations, leukapheresis samples from a cohort of 12 well-matched reproductive-age women and men on fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy were evaluated by an assay measuring the production of spliced envelope (env) mRNA (the EDITS assay) by next-generation sequencing. The cells were activated by T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, IL-15, or SAHA in the presence of either β-estradiol or an SERM. β-Estradiol potently inhibited TCR activation of HIV-1 transcription, while SERMs enhanced the activity of most LRAs. Although both sexes responded to SERMs and β-estradiol, females showed much higher levels of inhibition in response to the hormone and higher reactivity in response to ESR-1 modulators than males. Importantly, the total inducible RNA reservoir, as measured by the EDITS assay, was significantly smaller in the women than in the men. We conclude that concurrent exposure to estrogen is likely to limit the efficacy of viral emergence from latency and that ESR-1 is a pharmacologically attractive target that can be exploited in the design of therapeutic strategies for latency reversal.
- Published
- 2018
8. Local delivery of hormonal therapy with silastic tubing for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
- Author
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Park, Jeenah, Thomas, Scott, Zhong, Allison Y, Wolfe, Alan R, Krings, Gregor, Terranova-Barberio, Manuela, Pawlowska, Nela, Benet, Leslie Z, and Munster, Pamela N
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Cell Line ,Tumor ,Animals ,Humans ,Breast Neoplasms ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Estradiol ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Hormonal ,Chemoprevention ,Chromatography ,Liquid ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Cell Proliferation ,Tissue Distribution ,Germ-Line Mutation ,Female ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Biomarkers ,Tumor ,Fulvestrant - Abstract
Broad use of germline testing has identified an increasing number of women at risk for breast cancer with a need for effective chemoprevention. We report a novel method to selectively deliver various anti-estrogens at high drug levels to the breast tissue by implanting a device comprised of silastic tubing. Optimized tubing properties allow elution of otherwise poorly bioavailable anti-estrogens, such as fulvestrant, into mammary tissue in vitro and in vivo with levels sufficient to inhibit estrogen receptor activation and tumor cell proliferation. Implantable silastic tubing delivers fulvestrant selectively to mouse mammary fat tissue for one year with anti-tumor effects similar to those achieved with systemic fulvestrant exposure. Furthermore, local delivery of fulvestrant significantly decreases cell proliferation, as assessed by Ki67 expression, most effectively in tumor sections adjacent to tubing. This approach may thereby introduce a potential paradigm shift and offer a promising alternative to systemic therapy for prevention and early interception of breast cancer.
- Published
- 2018
9. Research Reports on Breast Cancer from Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Provide New Insights [Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators' (SERMs) Influence on TET3 Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Lines with Distinct Biological Subtypes].
- Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland, has explored the effects of tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), on breast cancer cell lines with different biological subtypes. The study found that tamoxifen derivatives, specifically 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT), had a significant impact on DNA methylation patterns and the expression of TET3, a gene involved in epigenetic alterations. The findings suggest that targeting epigenetic modifications could be a promising approach for personalized anti-cancer therapy. This research provides new insights into the role of SERMs in breast cancer treatment and offers potential avenues for improving treatment outcomes. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
10. Findings on Breast Cancer Reported by Investigators at Sun Yat-sen University (Different Dosage Forms of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist With Endocrine Therapy In Premenopausal Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer).
- Abstract
A recent study conducted at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, explored the effectiveness and safety of different dosage forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in premenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. The study included 1109 patients who were treated with GnRH agonist plus selective estrogen receptor modulator or aromatase inhibitor. The results showed that both the 1-month and 3-month GnRH agonist regimens achieved more than 90% estradiol (E2) inhibition within 24 months, confirming the noninferiority of the 3-month regimen. The study concluded that the ovarian function suppression with the 3-month GnRH agonist was not inferior to that with the 1-month regimen, regardless of age or combination with other medications. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
11. Autologous Fat Grafting as a Novel Antiestrogen Vehicle for the Treatment of Breast Cancer.
- Author
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Thomas, Scott, Chen, Stephanie, Sbitany, Hani, Kwon, Edwin, Piper, Merisa, Park, Jeenah, Terranova Barberio, Manuela, Pawlowska, Nela, and Munster, Pamela N
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Adipose Tissue ,Cells ,Cultured ,Animals ,Humans ,Mice ,Mice ,Nude ,Breast Neoplasms ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Estradiol ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Hormonal ,Chemotherapy ,Adjuvant ,Mammaplasty ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Transplantation ,Autologous ,Female ,Fulvestrant ,Breast Cancer ,Bioengineering ,Biotechnology ,Cancer ,Estrogen ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,5.2 Cellular and gene therapies ,Clinical Sciences ,Surgery - Abstract
BackgroundAdipose fat transfer is increasingly used for contour corrections of the tumor bed after lumpectomy and breast reconstructions after mastectomy. The lipophilic nature of the fat tissue may render adipocytes an ideal vehicle with which to deliver a high boost of an antiestrogen to the tumor bed to serve as an adjunct systemic hormonal therapy. The authors therefore tested whether adipocytes could safely be loaded with an antiestrogen and allow for release at therapeutic concentrations to treat breast cancer.MethodsAdipose tissue was collected from patients undergoing autologous fat grafting. The influence of adipose tissue on tumorigenesis was determined both in vitro and in vivo using breast cancer cell lines. Ex vivo, adipose tissue was assessed for its ability to depot fulvestrant and inhibit the growth of breast cancer cell lines.ResultsAdipose tissue harvested from patients did not promote breast cancer cell growth in vitro or in an in vivo mouse model. Adipose tissue was successfully loaded with fulvestrant and released at levels sufficient to inhibit estrogen receptor signaling and growth of breast cancer cells.ConclusionsThis work supports the hypothesis that adipose tissue used for autologous fat grafting can serve as a novel method for local drug delivery. As this technique is used to reconstruct a variety of postsurgical defects following cancer resection, this approach for local drug delivery may be an effective alternative in therapeutic settings beyond breast cancer.
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- 2017
12. Estrogens Effects on Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Entail Integrin and TrkB Transactivation and Depend Upon β1-integrin function.
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Wang, Weisheng, Kantorovich, Svetlana, Babayan, Alex, Hou, Bowen, Gall, Christine, and Lynch, Gary
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Animals ,Animals ,Newborn ,Benzodioxoles ,Dipeptides ,Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Estrogens ,Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ,Female ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Guanylate Kinases ,Hippocampus ,Integrin beta1 ,Integrins ,Male ,Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ,Membrane Proteins ,Mice ,Knockout ,Neurons ,Phenylalanine ,Piperidines ,Pyrazoles ,Pyrimidines ,Quinolines ,Rats ,Rats ,Sprague-Dawley ,Receptors ,Estrogen ,Thiophenes - Abstract
Estradiol (E2) perfusion rapidly increases the strength of fast excitatory transmission and facilitates long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, two effects likely related to its memory-enhancing properties. Past studies showed that E2s facilitation of transmission involves activation of RhoA signaling leading to actin polymerization in dendritic spines. Here we report that brief exposure of adult male hippocampal slices to 1 nM E2 increases the percentage of postsynaptic densities associated with high levels of immunoreactivity for activated forms of the BDNF receptor TrkB and β1-integrins, two synaptic receptors that engage actin regulatory RhoA signaling. The effects of E2 on baseline synaptic responses were unaffected by pretreatment with the TrkB-Fc scavenger for extracellular BDNF or TrkB antagonism, but were eliminated by neutralizing antisera for β1-integrins. E2 effects on synaptic responses were also absent in conditional β1-integrin knockouts, and with inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular enzymes that generate integrin ligands. We propose that E2, acting through estrogen receptor-β, transactivates synaptic TrkB and β1-integrin, and via mechanisms dependent on integrin activation and signaling, reversibly reorganizes the spine cytoskeleton and thereby enhances synaptic responses in adult hippocampus.
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- 2016
13. Patent Issued for Method of treating cancer using selective estrogen receptor modulators (USPTO 11951080).
- Abstract
A patent has been issued to Duke University for a method of treating estrogen receptor positive cancers of the brain. The method involves administering a compound that is represented by a specific chemical formula. The patent also mentions the challenges of treating breast cancer brain metastases due to the blood brain barrier, as well as the need for safe and effective treatments for climacteric conditions associated with estrogen deprivation. The inventors propose the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) as a potential treatment option. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
14. A Pilot Study of Chemoprevention With Tamoxifen in Patients With Pre-Invasive Pancreas Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms Who Will Not Undergo Immediate Resection.
- Abstract
This document provides information about a pilot study conducted by the University of Nebraska that aims to investigate the use of tamoxifen as a chemoprevention treatment for patients with pre-invasive pancreas mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN). The study plans to enroll up to 15 subjects who will take tamoxifen orally daily for 24 weeks. The primary goals of the study are to assess the feasibility of tamoxifen as a chemoprevention treatment and to evaluate the objective response rate using MRI. The document also includes keywords related to the study and outlines the eligibility criteria for participants. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
15. Phase III Study of Atamestane Plus Toremifene Versus Letrozole in Advanced Breast Cancer
- Published
- 2015
16. Investigation of the potential effects of estrogen receptor modulators on immune checkpoint molecules.
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Abramenko N, Vellieux F, Veselá K, Kejík Z, Hajduch J, Masařík M, Babula P, Hoskovec D, Pacák K, Martásek P, Smetana K Jr, and Jakubek M
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- Humans, CTLA-4 Antigen, B7-H1 Antigen, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators pharmacology, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Quercetin, Immunotherapy, Immune Checkpoint Proteins, Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Immune checkpoints regulate the immune system response. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids, known as phytoestrogens, may inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. We explored the potential of estrogens and 17 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) as inhibiting ligands for immune checkpoint proteins (CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1, and CD80). Our docking studies revealed strong binding energy values for quinestrol, quercetin, and bazedoxifene, indicating their potential to inhibit PD-1 and CTLA-4. Quercetin and bazedoxifene, known to modulate EGFR and IL-6R alongside estrogen receptors, can influence the immune checkpoint functionality. We discuss the impact of SERMs on PD-1 and CTLA-4, suggesting that these SERMs could have therapeutic effects through immune checkpoint inhibition. This study highlights the potential of SERMs as inhibitory ligands for immune checkpoint proteins, emphasizing the importance of considering PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibition when evaluating SERMs as therapeutic agents. Our findings open new avenues for cancer immunotherapy by exploring the interaction between various SERMs and immune checkpoint pathways., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
17. Phase 2 Study of Low Dose Tamoxifen +/- High Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Overweight Postmenopausal Women at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer.
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The document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06195306, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of tamoxifen, with or without omega-3 fatty acids, in reducing the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women who are overweight or obese and at increased risk of developing breast cancer. The trial will investigate the effects of low dose tamoxifen and high dose omega-3 fatty acids on serum adiponectin levels, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretory function, and benign breast tissue estrogen response gene index (ERGI). The study is currently in the recruitment phase and aims to enroll 66 participants. The trial is being conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and data will be shared in accordance with NIH policy. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
18. Refining Tamoxifen Dose for Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Reduction (RENAISSANCE): A Phase II Single Arm Trial.
- Abstract
A clinical trial, NCT06184750, is set to begin in June 2024 and aims to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose tamoxifen in reducing breast density in premenopausal women at higher risk for breast cancer. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has been shown to reduce breast density and is approved for breast cancer prevention. The trial will assess the response rate to tamoxifen, changes in biomarkers, patient-reported symptoms, adherence to medication, and breast tissue-based biomarkers. It will also explore genetic factors related to tamoxifen response and breast cancer risk. The trial is estimated to enroll 200 participants and is expected to be completed by July 2027. The document provides eligibility criteria for the trial, including age, hormonal status, breast conditions, and risk eligibility for preventive medication. Exclusion criteria include certain medical conditions, medication use, and pregnancy. The trial is overseen by the National Cancer Institute in the United States. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
19. Effect of Systemic Adjuvant Treatment on Risk for Contralateral Breast Cancer in the Women's Environment, Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Study
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Bertelsen, Lisbeth, Bernstein, Leslie, Olsen, Jørgen H, Mellemkjær, Lene, Haile, Robert W, Lynch, Charles F, Malone, Kathleen E, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Christensen, Jane, Langholz, Bryan, Thomas, Duncan C, Begg, Colin B, Capanu, Marinela, Ejlertsen, Bent, Stovall, Marilyn, Boice, John D, Shore, Roy E, and Bernstein, Jonine L
- Subjects
Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Aging ,Breast Cancer ,Cancer ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Adult ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Hormonal ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Breast Neoplasms ,Case-Control Studies ,Chemotherapy ,Adjuvant ,Confounding Factors ,Epidemiologic ,Cyclophosphamide ,Doxorubicin ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Female ,Fluorouracil ,Humans ,Menopause ,Methotrexate ,Middle Aged ,Multivariate Analysis ,Neoplasms ,Second Primary ,Ovary ,Radiotherapy ,Adjuvant ,Research Design ,Risk Assessment ,Tamoxifen ,Treatment Outcome ,Women's Environment ,Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Study Collaborative Group ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundResults from randomized trials indicate that treatment with tamoxifen or chemotherapy for primary breast cancer reduces the risk for contralateral breast cancer. However, less is known about how long the risk is reduced and the impact of factors such as age and menopausal status.MethodsThe study included 634 women with contralateral breast cancer (case patients) and 1158 women with unilateral breast cancer (control subjects) from the Women's Environment, Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Study. The women were younger than age 55 when they were first diagnosed with breast cancer during 1985-1999. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for contralateral breast cancer after treatment with chemotherapy or tamoxifen were assessed by multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression analyses.ResultsChemotherapy was associated with a lower risk for contralateral breast cancer (RR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.75) than no chemotherapy. A statistically significant association between chemotherapy and reduced risk for contralateral breast cancer persisted up to 10 years after the first breast cancer diagnosis and was stronger among women who became postmenopausal within 1 year of the first breast cancer diagnosis (RR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.76). Tamoxifen use was also associated with reduced risk for contralateral breast cancer (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.88) compared with no use, and the association was statistically significant for 5 years after the first diagnosis.ConclusionThe associations between chemotherapy and tamoxifen treatment and reduced risk for contralateral breast cancer appear to continue for 10 and 5 years, respectively, after the initial breast cancer is diagnosed. Ovarian suppression may have a role in the association between chemotherapy and reduced risk for contralateral breast cancer.
- Published
- 2008
20. A combined treatment with selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators prevents bone loss in orchiectomized rats
- Author
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M. Komrakova, G. Büchler, K. O. Böker, W. Lehmann, A. F. Schilling, P. J. Roch, S. Taudien, D. B. Hoffmann, and S. Sehmisch
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Male ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,Endocrinology ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Bone Density ,Raloxifene Hydrochloride ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Androgens ,Animals ,Orchiectomy ,Rats - Abstract
Purpose Enobosarm (EN), a selective androgen receptor modulator and raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, have been shown to improve bone tissue in osteoporotic males. The present study evaluated the effects of a combination therapy of EN and RAL on bone properties in orchiectomized rats compared to the respective single treatments. Methods Eight-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were either left intact (Non-Orx) or orchiectomized (Orx). The Orx rats were divided into four groups (n = 15 each): 1) Orx, 2) EN treatment (Orx + EN), 3) RAL treatment (Orx + RAL), 4) combined treatment (Orx + EN + RAL). EN and RAL (0.4 mg and 7 mg/kg body weight/day) were applied immediately after Orx with a soy-free pelleted diet for up to 18 weeks. The lumbar spine and femora were examined by micro-CT, biomechanical, histomorphological, ashing, and gene expression analyses. Results EN exhibited an anabolic effect on bone, improving some of its parameters in Orx rats, but did not affect biomechanical properties. RAL exhibited antiresorptive activity, maintaining the biomechanical and trabecular parameters of Orx rats at the levels of Non-Orx rats. EN + RAL exerted a stronger effect than the single treatments, improving most of the bone parameters. Liver weight increased after all treatments; the kidney, prostate, and levator ani muscle weights increased after EN and EN + RAL treatments. BW was reduced due to a decreased food intake in the Orx + RAL group and due a reduced visceral fat weight in the Orx + EN + RAL group. Conclusion The EN + RAL treatment appeared to be promising in preventing male osteoporosis, but given the observed side effects on liver, kidney, and prostate weights, it requires further investigation.
- Published
- 2022
21. Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Levels of Urinary Hormone Markers
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Chen, Changzhong, Wang, Xiaobin, Wang, Lihua, Yang, Fan, Tang, Genfu, Xing, Houxun, Ryan, Louise, Lasley, Bill, Overstreet, James W, Stanford, Joseph B, and Xu, Xiping
- Subjects
Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Estrogen ,Clinical Research ,Tobacco ,Prevention ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Aetiology ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,China ,Chorionic Gonadotropin ,Environmental Exposure ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Estrone ,Female ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Pregnanediol ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution ,Environmental Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Toxicology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
Our recent study showed a dose-response relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the risk of early pregnancy loss. Smoking is known to affect female reproductive hormones. We explored whether ETS affects reproductive hormone profiles as characterized by urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) and estrone conjugate (E1C) levels. We prospectively studied 371 healthy newly married nonsmoking women in China who intended to conceive and had stopped contraception. Daily records of vaginal bleeding, active and passive cigarette smoking, and daily first-morning urine specimens were collected for up to 1 year or until a clinical pregnancy was achieved. We determined the day of ovulation for each menstrual cycle. The effects of ETS exposure on daily urinary PdG and E1C levels in a +/-10 day window around the day of ovulation were analyzed for conception and nonconception cycles, respectively. Our analysis included 344 nonconception cycles and 329 conception cycles. In nonconception cycles, cycles with ETS exposure had significantly lower urinary E1C levels (beta = -0.43, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001 in log scale) compared with the cycles without ETS exposure. There was no significant difference in urinary PdG levels in cycles having ETS exposure (beta = -0.07, SE = 0.15, p = 0.637 in log scale) compared with no ETS exposure. Among conception cycles, there were no significant differences in E1C and PdG levels between ETS exposure and nonexposure. In conclusion, ETS exposure was associated with significantly lower urinary E1C levels among nonconception cycles, suggesting that the adverse reproductive effect of ETS may act partly through its antiestrogen effects.
- Published
- 2005
22. Advances in breast cancer treatment and prevention: preclinical studies on aromatase inhibitors and new selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
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Schiff, Rachel, Chamness, Gary C, and Brown, Powel H
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Breast Cancer ,Estrogen ,Aging ,Cancer ,Prevention ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Animals ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Aromatase Inhibitors ,Breast Neoplasms ,Drug Evaluation ,Preclinical ,Drugs ,Investigational ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Humans ,Mammary Neoplasms ,Experimental ,Mice ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
Intensive basic and clinical research over the past 20 years has yielded crucial molecular understanding into how estrogen and the estrogen receptor act to regulate breast cancer and has led to the development of more effective, less toxic, and safer hormonal therapy agents for breast cancer management and prevention. Selective potent aromatase inhibitors are now challenging the hitherto gold standard of hormonal therapy, the selective estrogen-receptor modulator tamoxifen. Furthermore, new selective estrogen-receptor modulators such as arzoxifene, currently under clinical development, offer the possibility of selecting one with a more ideal pharmacological profile for treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Two recent studies in preclinical model systems that evaluate mechanisms of action of these new drugs and suggestions about their optimal clinical use are discussed.
- Published
- 2003
23. Effects of estrogen receptor modulators on cytoskeletal proteins in the central nervous system
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Julia J Segura-Uribe, Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán, Angélica Coyoy-Salgado, Claudia E Fuentes-Venado, and Christian Guerra-Araiza
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estrogen receptor modulators ,selective estrogen receptor modulators ,microtubules ,neurofilaments ,tibolone ,tamoxifen ,raloxifene ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Estrogen receptor modulators are compounds of interest because of their estrogenic agonistic/antagonistic effects and tissue specificity. These compounds have many clinical applications, particularly for breast cancer treatment and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, as well as for the treatment of climacteric symptoms. Similar to estrogens, neuroprotective effects of estrogen receptor modulators have been described in different models. However, the mechanisms of action of these compounds in the central nervous system have not been fully described. We conducted a systematic search to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor modulators in the central nervous system, focusing on the modulation of cytoskeletal proteins. We found that raloxifene, tamoxifen, and tibolone modulate some cytoskeletal proteins such as tau, microtuble-associated protein 1 (MAP1), MAP2, neurofilament 38 (NF38) by different mechanisms of action and at different levels: neuronal microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubule-associated proteins. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the study of these compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases since they present the benefits of estrogens without their side effects.
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- 2017
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24. Patient and Provider Web-Based Decision Support for Breast Cancer Chemoprevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Katherine D. Crew, Gauri Bhatkhande, Thomas Silverman, Jacquelyn Amenta, Tarsha Jones, Julia E. McGuinness, Jennie Mata, Ashlee Guzman, Ting He, Jill Dimond, Wei-Yann Tsai, and Rita Kukafka
- Subjects
Adult ,Internet ,Cancer Research ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Oncology ,Humans ,Breast Neoplasms ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Chemoprevention ,Article ,Aged ,Decision Support Techniques - Abstract
Significant underutilization of breast cancer chemoprevention remains, despite guidelines stating that physicians should recommend chemoprevention with antiestrogen therapy to high-risk women. We randomized women, ages 35 to 75 years, who met high-risk criteria for breast cancer, without a personal history of breast cancer or prior chemoprevention use, to standard educational materials alone or combined with a web-based decision aid. All healthcare providers, including primary care providers and breast specialists, were given access to a web-based decision support tool. The primary endpoint was chemoprevention uptake at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included decision antecedents (perceived breast cancer risk/worry, chemoprevention knowledge, self-efficacy) and decision quality (decision conflict, chemoprevention informed choice) based upon patient surveys administered at baseline, 1 and 6 months after randomization. Among 282 evaluable high-risk women enrolled from November 2016 to March 2020, mean age was 57 years (SD, 9.9) and mean 5-year invasive breast cancer risk was 2.98% (SD, 1.42). There was no significant difference in chemoprevention uptake at 6 months between the intervention and control groups (2.1% vs. 3.5%). Comparing the intervention and control arms at 1 month, there were significant differences among high-risk women in accurate breast cancer risk perceptions (56% vs. 39%, P = 0.017), adequate chemoprevention knowledge (49% vs. 27%, P < 0.001), mean decision conflict (34.0 vs. 47.0, P < 0.001), and informed choice (41% vs. 23%, P = 0.003). These differences were no longer significant at 6 months. Although our decision support tools did not result in a significant increase in chemoprevention uptake, we did observe improvements in decision antecedents and decision quality measures. Prevention Relevance: In this randomized controlled trial of decision support for 300 high-risk women and 50 healthcare providers, we did not observe a significant increase in chemoprevention uptake, which remained low at under 5%. However, these decision support tools may increase knowledge and informed choice about breast cancer chemoprevention.
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- 2022
25. Contribution of the unfolded protein response to breast and prostate tissue homeostasis and its significance to cancer endocrine response.
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Direito, Inês, Fardilha, Margarida, and Helguero, Luisa A
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PROSTATE , *BREAST , *PROSTATE cancer , *HOMEOSTASIS , *CANCER - Abstract
Resistant breast and prostate cancers remain a major clinical problem, new therapeutic approaches and better predictors of therapeutic response are clearly needed. Because of the involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion, an increasing number of publications support the hypothesis that impairments in this network trigger and/or exacerbate cancer. Moreover, UPR activation could contribute to the development of drug resistance phenotypes in both breast and prostate cancers. Therefore, targeting this pathway has recently emerged as a promising strategy in anticancer therapy. This review addresses the contribution of UPR to breast and prostate tissues homeostasis and its significance to cancer endocrine response with focus on the current progress on UPR research related to cancer biology, detection, prognosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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26. Study Findings from University College London (UCL) Broaden Understanding of Breast Cancer (A systematic review of randomised clinical trials - The safety of vaginal hormones and selective estrogen receptor modulators for the treatment of...).
- Abstract
Keywords: Breast Cancer; Cancer; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Studies; DNA-Binding Proteins; Drugs and Therapies; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Estrogen Receptors; Health and Medicine; Hormone Antagonists; Hormones; Oncology; Proteins; Risk and Prevention; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Steroid Receptors; Transcription Factors; Women's Health EN Breast Cancer Cancer Clinical Research Clinical Trials and Studies DNA-Binding Proteins Drugs and Therapies Estrogen Receptor Modulators Estrogen Receptors Health and Medicine Hormone Antagonists Hormones Oncology Proteins Risk and Prevention Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Steroid Receptors Transcription Factors Women's Health 1481 1481 1 10/30/23 20231103 NES 231103 2023 OCT 31 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- New research on breast cancer is the subject of a new report. For more information on this research see: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials - The safety of vaginal hormones and selective estrogen receptor modulators for the treatment of genitourinary menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
27. The CAT Study: Atamestane Plus Toremifene Versus Letrozole in Advanced Breast Cancer
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- 2007
28. Effect of a Smart Pill Bottle Reminder Intervention on Medication Adherence, Self-efficacy, and Depression in Breast Cancer Survivors
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Hyang Rang Park, Savitri Singh-Carlson, Soo-Hyun Kim, and Hee Sun Kang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Breast Neoplasms ,Medication Adherence ,law.invention ,Breast cancer ,Cancer Survivors ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aromatase Inhibitors ,Depression ,Oncology (nursing) ,business.industry ,Cancer ,Antiestrogen ,medicine.disease ,Self Efficacy ,Tamoxifen ,Oncology ,Pill ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, breast cancer has been identified as the most common cancer among women. The clinical efficacy of adjuvant oral antiestrogen therapy-including tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors-has been proven to be clinically efficacious for breast cancer survivors. However, medication adherence for these therapies remains suboptimal among breast cancer survivors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a reminder intervention-a smart pill bottle paired with the Pillsy mobile application-on medication adherence, medication self-efficacy, and depression, among breast cancer survivors who were undergoing oral antiestrogen therapy. METHODS This study is a randomized controlled trial. Sixty-one women were allocated to an experimental group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 30). The experimental group received the reminder intervention of a smart pill bottle for 4 weeks. Study outcomes were identified as medication adherence, medication self-efficacy, and depression. RESULTS Fifty-seven women completed the follow-up measurement. Significant differences in favor of the experimental group were noted for medication adherence (P = .004) and medication self-efficacy (P = .004). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to depression (P = .057). CONCLUSIONS Reminder intervention using smart pill bottles was effective in improving medication adherence and medication self-efficacy among breast cancer survivors undergoing oral antiestrogen therapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE A smart pill bottle method of intervention can be a useful reminder strategy to improve medication adherence among breast cancer survivors.
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- 2021
29. Endocrine resistance in breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies
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Ozgur Sahin, Ozge Saatci, and Kim-Tuyen Huynh-Dam
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Antineoplastic Agents ,Breast Neoplasms ,P110α ,Article ,Breast cancer ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Endocrine system ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,Mechanistic target of rapamycin ,Genetics (clinical) ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Tumor microenvironment ,biology ,Aromatase Inhibitors ,business.industry ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,business - Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for approximately 75% of all breast cancers. Endocrine therapies, including selective ER modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and selective ER down-regulators (SERDs) provide substantial clinical benefit by reducing the risk of disease recurrence and mortality. However, resistance to endocrine therapies represents a major challenge, limiting the success of ER+ breast cancer treatment. Mechanisms of endocrine resistance involve alterations in ER signaling via modulation of ER (e.g., ER downregulation, ESR1 mutations or fusions); alterations in ER coactivators/corepressors, transcription factors (TFs), nuclear receptors and epigenetic modulators; regulation of signaling pathways; modulation of cell cycle regulators; stress signaling; alterations in tumor microenvironment, nutrient stress and metabolic regulation. Current therapeutic strategies to improve outcome of endocrine resistant patients in clinics include inhibitors against mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 and the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit, p110α. Preclinical studies reveal novel therapeutic targets, some of which are currently tested in clinical trials as single agents or in combination with endocrine therapies, such as ER partial agonists, ER proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), next-generation selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERDs), AKT inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor 1 &2 (EGFR/HER2) dual inhibitors, HER2 targeting antibody-drug conjugates and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the established and emerging mechanisms of endocrine resistance, alterations during metastatic recurrence, and discuss the approved therapies and on-going clinical trials testing the combination of novel targeted therapies with endocrine therapy in endocrine-resistant ER+ breast cancer patients.
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- 2021
30. Role of calcium in hormone‐independent and ‐resistant breast cancer
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Mudit Kaushal, Qiaochu Wang, William Yeguech, Zeina Sharawi, Mary Beth Martin, John B Psaltis, Bassem R. Haddad, Glyn Noguchi, Kedra Cyrus, Fatima Gibrel, Tiffany Chang, and William Rydzewski
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Cancer Research ,medicine.drug_class ,Estrogen receptor ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Breast Neoplasms ,Calcium channel blocker ,Calcium ,Article ,Calcium in biology ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Epidermal growth factor ,medicine ,Humans ,Cell Proliferation ,Estradiol ,Voltage-dependent calcium channel ,Chemistry ,Calcium channel ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Estrogens ,Calcium Channel Blockers ,Antiestrogen ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Oncology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,MCF-7 Cells ,Cancer research ,Female ,Calcium Channels ,Receptors, Progesterone - Abstract
Approximately one-third of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast tumors fail to respond to or become resistant to hormonal therapy. Although the mechanisms responsible for hormone resistance are not completely understood, resistance is associated with alterations in ERα; overexpression of proteins that interact with the receptor; and hormone-independent activation of the receptor by growth factor signal transduction pathways. Our previous studies show that in estrogen dependent breast cancer cells, activation of the epidermal growth factor signaling pathway increases intracellular calcium which binds to and activates ERα through sites in the ligand-binding domain of the receptor and that treatment with extracellular calcium increases the concentration of intracellular calcium which activates ERα and induces hormone-independent cell growth. The present study asked whether overexpression of calcium channels contributes to the hormone-independent and -resistant phenotype of breast cancer cells and whether clinically used calcium channel blockers reverse hormone independence and resistance. The results show that hormone-independent and -resistant cells overexpress calcium channels, have high concentrations of intracellular calcium, overexpress estrogen responsive genes and, as expected, grow in the absence of estradiol and that treatment with calcium channel blockers decreased the concentration of intracellular calcium, the expression of estrogen responsive genes and cell growth. More importantly, in hormone-resistant cells, treatment that combined a calcium channel blocker with an antiestrogen reversed resistance to the antiestrogen.
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- 2021
31. Gingival cell growth with antiresorptive treatment combined with corticosteroids or antiestrogen
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Tero Soukka, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Heidi M. Ekholm, Jaana Rautava, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital Area
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bisphosphonate ,corticosteroid ,medicine.medical_treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,medicine ,Humans ,Viability assay ,Fibroblast ,General Dentistry ,Cell Proliferation ,Diphosphonates ,oral mucosa ,Cell growth ,business.industry ,denosumab ,RK1-715 ,Original Articles ,030206 dentistry ,Bisphosphonate ,Antiestrogen ,313 Dentistry ,3. Good health ,Denosumab ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell culture ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Dentistry ,Cancer research ,antiestrogen ,Original Article ,Keratinocyte ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objectives: Antiresorptive treatment has been shown to impair mucosal cell proliferation, migration, and viability. However, in the clinic, antiresorptives are often used in combination with other drugs. We studied the effect of antiresorptives combined with a corticosteroid or antiestrogen on oral mucosal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Material and methods: Human gingival keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines were exposed to bisphosphonates (BPs) and denosumab in different concentrations and durations together with an antiestrogen or corticosteroid. Changes in cell viability, proliferation and migration after exposures were measured. Data were evaluated with hierarchical linear mixed model for repeated measurements. Results: Bisphosphonate exposure suppressed keratinocyte and fibroblast cell viability, proliferation, and migration in a time-dependent manner. Combining a corticosteroid or antiestrogen with BPs further increased this negative effect. Denosumab alone had a mild positive effect on keratinocyte and fibroblast growth. When denosumab was combined with a corticosteroid or antiestrogen, cell growth was suppressed. Conclusions: Our results show that coexisting medications may increase the negative impact of BPs or denosumab on oral mucosal cells.
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- 2021
32. A kinase inhibitor screen reveals MEK1/2 as a novel therapeutic target to antagonize IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen resistance in ERα-positive luminal breast cancer
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Wester, L., Venneker, S., Hazenoot, M., Pont, C.M., Koedoot, E., Timmermans, A.M., Martens, J.W.M., Jansen, M.P.H.M., Kockx, C.E.M., IJcken, W.F.J. van, Meerman, J.H.N., Zhang, Y., Water, B. van de, Medical Oncology, and Cell biology
- Subjects
Selumetinib ,EGFR ,Breast Neoplasms ,Biochemistry ,Receptor, IGF Type 1 ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,IGF1R ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Breast Cancer ,Humans ,Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Pharmacology ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ,Diphenylamine ,Estrogen Antagonists ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,MEK Inhibitors ,ErbB Receptors ,Tamoxifen ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Benzamides ,Female ,Tamoxifen Resistance - Abstract
Antiestrogen resistance of breast cancer has been related to enhanced growth factor receptor expression and activation. We have previously shown that ectopic expression and subsequent activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) or the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in MCF7 or T47D breast cancer cells results in antiestrogen resistance. In order to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent this antiestrogen resistance, we performed kinase inhibitor screens with 273 different inhibitors in MCF7 cells overexpressing IGF1R or EGFR. Kinase inhibitors that antagonized antiestrogen resistance but are not directly involved in IGF1R or EGFR signaling were prioritized for further analyses. Various ALK (anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase) inhibitors inhibited cell proliferation in IGF1R expressing cells under normal and antiestrogen resistance conditions by preventing IGF1R activation and subsequent downstream signaling; the ALK inhibitors did not affect EGFR signaling. On the other hand, MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)1/2 inhibitors, including PD0325901, selumetinib, trametinib and TAK-733, selectively antagonized IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance but did not affect cell proliferation under normal growth conditions. RNAseq analysis revealed that MEK inhibitors PD0325901 and selumetinib drastically altered cell cycle progression and cell migration networks under IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance. In a group of 219 patients with metastasized ER + breast cancer, strong pMEK staining showed a significant correlation with no clinical benefit of first-line tamoxifen treatment. We propose a critical role for MEK activation in IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance and anticipate that dual-targeted therapy with a MEK inhibitor and antiestrogen could improve treatment outcome.
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- 2022
33. Analysis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer course during high dose antiestrogen therapy use in complex chemoradiotherapy treatment of patients
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A. V. Kadzhoian
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Lung Neoplasms ,Tamoxifen ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Pathology ,RB1-214 - Abstract
Aim. To analyze the advanced non-small cell lung cancer course during high dose antiestrogen therapy use in complex chemoradiotherapy treatment of patients. Methods and results. With the help of immunohistochemcial method the low expression of estrogen α and progesteron (1.7%) receptors but rather high expression of estrogen β receptors (50.8%) were established. Separation of patients into the groups with the presence or absence of estrogen β receptors allowed to show in clinical terms different mechanisms of action and the possibility of antiestrogen therapy use in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusion. Effectiveness of treatment and overall survival were shown to be statistically better in patients who received high doses of tamoxifen in addition to standard treatment regimens (one-year and median survival – 48.9% and 12 months, respectively) than in patients who received only standard conservative anticancer treatment (one-year and median survival – 28.2% and 9 months, respectively), which was caused by the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen and its non-hormonal mechanisms of antitumor action.
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- 2014
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34. Findings from Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS Provides New Data on Breast Cancer [Cdft-based Chemical Reactivity Properties Analysis of the Fluorine Substitution In the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (Serm) Tamoxifen].
- Abstract
Keywords: Chihuahua; Mexico; North and Central America; Antineoplastics; Benzene Derivatives; Breast Cancer; Cancer; DNA-Binding Proteins; Drugs and Therapies; Endocrinology; Estrogen; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Estrogen Receptors; Fluorine; Halogens; Health and Medicine; Hormone Antagonists; Hormones; Oncology; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology; Proteins; Risk and Prevention; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Steroid Receptors; Stilbenes; Tamoxifen; Tamoxifen Therapy; Transcription Factors; Women's Health EN Chihuahua Mexico North and Central America Antineoplastics Benzene Derivatives Breast Cancer Cancer DNA-Binding Proteins Drugs and Therapies Endocrinology Estrogen Estrogen Receptor Modulators Estrogen Receptors Fluorine Halogens Health and Medicine Hormone Antagonists Hormones Oncology Pharmaceuticals Pharmacokinetics Pharmacology Proteins Risk and Prevention Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Steroid Receptors Stilbenes Tamoxifen Tamoxifen Therapy Transcription Factors Women's Health 334 334 1 09/11/23 20230912 NES 230912 2023 SEP 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Fresh data on Oncology - Breast Cancer are presented in a new report. Chihuahua, Mexico, North and Central America, Antineoplastics, Benzene Derivatives, Breast Cancer, Cancer, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drugs and Therapies, Endocrinology, Estrogen, Estrogen Receptors, Fluorine, Halogens, Health and Medicine, Hormone Antagonists, Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Hormones, Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Proteins, Risk and Prevention, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Steroid Receptors, Stilbenes, Tamoxifen, Tamoxifen Therapy, Transcription Factors, Women's Health. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
35. Patent Issued for Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for the treatment of breast cancer (USPTO 11676731).
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- 2023
36. Proline rich 11 (PRR11) overexpression amplifies PI3K signaling and promotes antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer
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Angel Guerrero-Zotano, Lewis C. Cantley, Kyungmin Lee, Paula I. Gonzalez-Ericsson, Ganesh V. Raj, Kevin M. Dean, Melinda E. Sanders, Ariella B. Hanker, Alberto Servetto, Thomas Stricker, Reto Fiolka, Chang-Ching Lin, Carlos L. Arteaga, Dhivya R. Sudhan, Valerie M. Jansen, Luigi Formisano, Lee, K. -M., Guerrero-Zotano, A. L., Servetto, A., Sudhan, D. R., Lin, C. -C., Formisano, L., Jansen, V. M., Gonzalez-Ericsson, P., Sanders, M. E., Stricker, T. P., Raj, G., Dean, K. M., Fiolka, R., Cantley, L. C., Hanker, A. B., and Arteaga, C. L.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Transcriptome ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Breast cancer ,Estrogen Receptor Modulator ,0302 clinical medicine ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Insulin ,lcsh:Science ,Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ,Regulation of gene expression ,Multidisciplinary ,Estrogen Antagonists ,Estrogen Antagonist ,Amplicon ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Cancer therapeutic resistance ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Breast Neoplasm ,Human ,Signal Transduction ,Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Science ,Mice, Nude ,Protein Kinase Inhibitor ,Breast Neoplasms ,Biology ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Cell Proliferation ,Animal ,Cell growth ,Protein ,Proteins ,Estrogens ,General Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Estrogen ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,IRS1 ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Therapeutic Estrogen ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Cancer research ,lcsh:Q ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase - Abstract
The 17q23 amplicon is associated with poor outcome in ER+ breast cancers, but the causal genes to endocrine resistance in this amplicon are unclear. Here, we interrogate transcriptome data from primary breast tumors and find that among genes in 17q23, PRR11 is a key gene associated with a poor response to therapeutic estrogen suppression. PRR11 promotes estrogen-independent proliferation and confers endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancers. Mechanistically, the proline-rich motif-mediated interaction of PRR11 with the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K suppresses p85 homodimerization, thus enhancing insulin-stimulated binding of p110-p85α heterodimers to IRS1 and activation of PI3K. PRR11-amplified breast cancer cells rely on PIK3CA and are highly sensitive to PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that PRR11 amplification confers PI3K dependence. Finally, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PI3K suppresses PRR11-mediated, estrogen-independent growth. These data suggest ER+/PRR11-amplified breast cancers as a novel subgroup of tumors that may benefit from treatment with PI3K inhibitors and antiestrogens., The 17q23 amplicon is associated with poor outcome in ER+ breast cancers, but the causal genes responsible endocrine resistance in this region are unclear. In this study, the authors demonstrate that PRR11 located at 17q23, is critical for conferring endocrine resistance through activation of PI3K signalling and therefore propose PI3K inhibition as a treatment for PRR11-amplified breast cancers.
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- 2020
37. 27-Hydroxycholesterol, The Estrogen Receptor Modulator, Alters DNA Methylation in Breast Cancer
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Vini, Ravindran, Rajavelu, Arumugam, and Sreeharshan, Sreeja
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Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Humans ,Breast Neoplasms ,Female ,DNA Methylation ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Hydroxycholesterols - Abstract
27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) is the first known endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), and its elevation from normal levels is closely associated with breast cancer. A plethora of evidence suggests that aberrant epigenetic signatures in breast cancer cells can result in differential responses to various chemotherapeutics and often leads to the development of resistant cancer cells. Such aberrant epigenetic changes are mostly dictated by the microenvironment. The local concentration of oxygen and metabolites in the microenvironment of breast cancer are known to influence the development of breast cancer. Hence, we hypothesized that 27-HC, an oxysterol, which has been shown to induce breast cancer progressionviaestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and liver X receptor (LXR) and by modulating immune cells, may also induce epigenetic changes. For deciphering the same, we treated the estrogen receptor-positive cells with 27-HC and identified DNA hypermethylation on a subset of genes by performing DNA bisulfite sequencing. The genes that showed significant DNA hypermethylation werephosphatidylserine synthase 2 (PTDSS2), MIR613, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA), dystrotelin (DTYN),andmesoderm induction early response 1, family member 3 (MIER). Furthermore, we found that 27-HC weakens the DNMT3B association with the ERα in MCF-7 cells. This study reports that 27-HC induces aberrant DNA methylation changes on the promoters of a subset of genes through modulation of ERα and DNMT3B complexes to induce the local DNA methylation changes, which may dictate drug responses and breast cancer development.
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- 2022
38. Multimodal MRI examination of structural and functional brain changes in older women with breast cancer in the first year of antiestrogen hormonal therapy
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Brenna C. McDonald, Kathleen M. Van Dyk, Rachael L. Deardorff, Jessica N. Bailey, Wanting Zhai, Judith E. Carroll, James C. Root, Tim A. Ahles, Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, and Andrew J. Saykin
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Memory, Short-Term ,Oncology ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Brain ,Humans ,Breast Neoplasms ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Article ,Aged - Abstract
PurposeCancer patients are concerned about treatment-related cognitive problems. We examined effects of antiestrogen hormonal therapy on brain imaging metrics in older women with breast cancer.MethodsWomen aged 60+ treated with hormonal therapy only and matched non-cancer controls (n=29/group) completed MRI and objective and self-reported cognitive assessment at pre-treatment/enrollment and 12 months later. Gray matter was examined using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), FreeSurfer, and brain age calculations. Functional MRI (fMRI) assessed working memory-related activation. Analyses examined cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and tested associations between brain metrics, cognition, and days on hormonal therapy.ResultsThe cancer group showed regional reductions over 12 months in frontal, temporal, and parietal gray matter on VBM, reduced FreeSurfer cortical thickness in prefrontal, parietal, and insular regions, and increased working memory-related fMRI activation in frontal, cingulate, and visual association cortex. Controls showed only reductions in fusiform gyrus on VBM and FreeSurfer temporal and parietal cortex thickness. Women with breast cancer showed higher estimated brain age and lower regional gray matter volume than controls at both timepoints. The cancer group showed a trend toward decreased performance in attention, processing speed, and executive function over time. There were no significant associations between brain imaging metrics and cognition or days on hormonal therapy.ConclusionOlder women with breast cancer showed brain changes in the first year of hormonal therapy. Increased brain activation during working memory processing may be a sign of functional compensation for treatment-related structural changes. This hypothesis should be tested in larger samples over longer time periods.
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- 2022
39. Non-hormonal mediators of uterine fibroid growth
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Esra Cetin, Michał Ciebiera, and Ayman Al-Hendy
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Uterine fibroids ,Non hormonal ,Inflammation ,SMAD ,Bioinformatics ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,medicine ,Humans ,Benign neoplasms ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Leiomyoma ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Early life ,Key factors ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Uterine Neoplasms ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Signal Transduction ,Hormone - Abstract
Purpose of review Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasms of the female reproductive tract and one of the major public health concerns. Although most women with uterine fibroids are asymptomatic, over 30% of them will present with varying symptoms. This review focuses on the role of non-hormonal mediators and pathways in uterine fibroid biology. Furthermore, it provides data regarding the most recent findings in the field of compounds, which use those non-hormonal pathways in the medical therapy of uterine fibroids. Recent findings Complex signaling pathway alterations are crucial for uterine fibroid development. The topic of the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids focuses mostly on steroids and other hormones. However, other very important pathways exist, and some of them are independent of hormones. Some of the most important pathways, which are non-hormonal, but in some cases still hormone-depended, include growth factors, cytokines and inflammation, Smad proteins, wingless type/β-catenin and others. Summary Much more is known about hormonal than about non-hormonal signaling in uterine fibroids. Growth factors, early life exposure and inflammation are key factors in uterine fibroid biology. Numerous agents depend on those pathways and may find their place in the current and future therapy of uterine fibroids.
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- 2020
40. Identifying the Responses from the Estrogen Receptor-Expressed MCF7 Cells Treated in Anticancer Drugs of Different Modes of Action Using Live-Cell FTIR Spectroscopy
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Khondaker M. Rahman, Ka Lung Andrew Chan, and Ali Altharawi
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Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Cell ,Estrogen receptor ,General Chemistry ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Article ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell culture ,Biophysics ,medicine ,sense organs ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,QD1-999 ,Triple negative ,MCF7 Cells ,Mda mb 231 - Abstract
Recently, we have shown that changes in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of living MDA-MB-231 cells (a triple negative cell line) upon exposure to anticancer drugs reflect the changes in the cellular compositions which are correlated to the modes of action of drugs. In the present study, MCF7 cells (an estrogen receptor expressing breast cancer cell line) were exposed to three anticancer drugs belonging to two well-characterized anticancer classes: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and DNA-intercalating agent. First, we evaluated if the changes in the spectrum of cells are according to the modes of action of drugs and the characteristics of the MCF7 cell line in the same way as the MDA-MB-231 cell. Living MCF7 cells were treated in the three drugs at half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and the difference spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results demonstrated clear separation between tamoxifen/toremifene (SERM)-treated cells from the doxorubicin (DNA-intercalator)-treated and untreated cells (control). Tamoxifen and toremifene induced similar spectral changes in the cellular compositions of MCF7 cells and lead to the clustering of these two drugs in the same quadrant of the principal component 1 (PC1) versus PC2 score plots. The separation is mostly attributed to their similar modes of actions. However, doxorubicin-treated MCF7 cells highlighted spectral changes that mainly occur in bands at 1085 and 1200-1240 cm-1, which could be associated with the DNA-intercalation effects of the drug. Second, the pairwise PCA at various individual time points was employed to investigate whether the spectral changes of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in response to the IC50 of tamoxifen/toremifene and doxorubicin are dependent on the characteristics of the cell lines. The estrogen-expressing MCF7 cells demonstrated significant differences in response to the SERMs in comparison to the triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that different modes of action have taken place in the two tested cell lines. In contrast, the doxorubicin-treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells show similar changes in 1150-950 cm-1, which indicates that the DNA intercalation effect of doxorubicin is found in both cell lines. The results have demonstrated that live-cell FTIR analysis is sensitive to the different modes of action from the same drugs on cells with different characteristics.
- Published
- 2020
41. The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Antiestrogen Resistance in Breast Cancer: An Overview and Update
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Lan Huang, Qingyuan Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, and Guohua Liang
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,RNA, long noncoding ,Estrogen receptor ,Drug resistance ,Disease ,Review Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Medicine ,Estrogen receptor modulators ,Aromatase ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,biology ,business.industry ,Standard treatment ,medicine.disease ,Antiestrogen ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Breast neoplasms ,business ,Tamoxifen ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
As a standard treatment, endocrine therapy has dramatically enhanced the prognosis of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, which accounts for nearly 70% of all breast cancers. Antiestrogen drugs such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are the standard treatment options for ERα-positive breast cancer. However, acquired antiestrogen resistance is still the leading cause of disease recurrence and progression. Evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the development of antiestrogen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer and can serve as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets. This review highlights the role of lncRNAs in the development of antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer.
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- 2020
42. Combinatorial targeting of a chromatin complex comprising Dot1L, menin and the tyrosine kinase BAZ1B reveals a new therapeutic vulnerability of endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer
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Annamaria Salvati, Viola Melone, Assunta Sellitto, Francesca Rizzo, Roberta Tarallo, Tuula A. Nyman, Giorgio Giurato, Giovanni Nassa, and Alessandro Weisz
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Endocrine therapy resistance ,Estrogen Antagonists ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Menin ,Breast Neoplasms ,Estrogens ,Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ,Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,BAZ1B ,Chromatin ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Breast cancer ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Dot1L ,Estrogen signaling ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Cell Line, Tumor ,MCF-7 Cells ,Humans ,Female ,Cell Proliferation ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Background Targeting vulnerabilities of cancer cells by inhibiting key regulators of cell proliferation or survival represents a promising way to overcome resistance to current therapies. In breast cancer (BC), resistance to endocrine therapy results from constitutively active or aberrant estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling to the genome. Targeting components of the ERα pathway in these tumors represents, therefore, a rational way toward effective new treatments. Interaction proteomics identified several proteins associated with ERα in BC cells, including epigenetic complexes controlling gene transcription comprising the scaffold protein menin and the histone methyltransferase Dot1L. Methods We combined chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcriptome sequencing, siRNA-mediated gene knockdown (kd), pharmacological inhibition coupled to cellular and functional assays and interaction proteomics in antiestrogen (AE)-sensitive and AE-resistant human BC cell models to: map menin and Dot1L chromatin localization, search for their common and specific target genes, measure the effects of single or combinatorial knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of these proteins on cell proliferation and survival, and characterize their nuclear interactomes. Results Dot1L and menin associate in MCF-7 cells chromatin, where they co-localize in a significant fraction of sites, resulting in co-regulation of genes involved, among others, in estrogen, p53, HIF1α and death receptor signaling, regulation of cell cycle and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Specific inhibitors of the two factors synergize with each other for inhibition of cell proliferation of AE (tamoxifen or fulvestrant)-sensitive and AE-resistant BC cells. Menin and Dot1L interactomes share a sizeable fraction of their nuclear partners, the majority being known BC fitness genes. Interestingly, these include B-WICH and WINAC complexes that share BAZ1B, a bromodomain protein comprising a tyrosine–protein kinase domain playing a central role in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. BAZ1B kd caused significant inhibition of ERα expression, proliferation and transcriptome changes resulting in inhibition of estrogen, myc, mTOR, PI3K and AKT signaling and metabolic pathways in AE-sensitive and AE-resistant BC cells. Conclusions Identification of a functional interplay between ERα, Dot1L, menin and BAZ1B and the significant effects of their co-inhibition on cell proliferation and survival in cell models of endocrine therapy-resistant BC reveal a new therapeutic vulnerability of these aggressive diseases.
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- 2021
43. Estrogen and Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 and Breast Cancer
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Shuying Hu, Feiying Yin, Litao Nie, Yuqin Wang, Jian Qin, and Jian Chen
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Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Humans ,Breast Neoplasms ,Estrogens ,Female ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment - Abstract
Owing to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we need to pay a particular focus on the impact of coronavirus infection on breast cancer patients. Approximately 70% of breast cancer patients express estrogen receptor (ER), and intervention therapy for ER has been the primary treatment strategy to prevent the development and metastasis of breast cancer. Recent studies have suggested that selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. With its anti-ER and anti-viral combined functions, SERMs may be an effective treatment for COVID-19 in patients with breast cancer. In this review, we explore the latent effect of SERMs, especially tamoxifen, and the mechanism between ER and virus susceptibility.
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- 2021
44. The Role of Estrogen Receptor α in Response to Longitudinal Bone Growth in ob/ob Mice
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Hai-Ying Liu, Lin-Yu Jin, Xin-Feng Li, Shuai Xu, and Chen Guo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Mice, Obese ,Estrogen receptor ,Apoptosis ,leptin ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Longitudinal bone growth ,Mice ,Endocrinology ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Piperidines ,endochondral bone formation ,growth plate ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Femur ,Original Research ,skeletal longitudinal growth ,Bone Development ,Chemistry ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,RC648-665 ,Pyrimidines ,Pyrazoles ,estrogen receptor - Abstract
The absence of leptin results in contrasting growth pattern of appendicular and axial bone growth in ob/ob mice. Endochondral bone formation is an important procedure of growth plate determining the bone growth, where this procedure is also regulated by estrogen and its receptor (ER) signaling pathway. The present study is undertaken to explore the roles of ERs in regulating the different growth patterns in ob/ob mice. In this study, C57BL/6 female mice were used as wild-type (WT) mice; ob/ob mice and WT mice were age-matched fed, and bone length is analyzed by X-ray plain film at the 12 weeks old. We confirm that ob/ob mice have shorter femoral length and longer spine length than WT mice (p < 0.05). The contrasting expression patterns of chondrocyte proliferation proteins and hypertrophic marker proteins are also observed from the femur and spinal growth plate of ob/ob mice compared with WT mice (p < 0.01). Spearman’s analysis showed that body length (axial and appendicular length) is positively related to the expression level of ERα in growth plate. Three-week-old female ob/ob mice are randomized divided into three groups: 1) ob/ob + ctrl, 2) ob/ob + ERα antagonist (MPP), and 3) ob/ob + ERβ antagonist (PHTPP). Age-matched C57BL/6 mice were also divided into three groups, same as the groups of ob/ob mice. MPP and PHTPP were administered by intraperitoneal injection for 6 weeks. However, the results of X-ray and H&E staining demonstrate that leptin deficiency seems to disturb the regulating effects of ER antagonists on longitudinal bone growth. These findings suggested that region-specific expression of ERα might be associated with contrasting phenotypes of axial and appendicular bone growth in ob/ob mice. However, ER signaling on longitudinal bone growth was blunted by leptin deficiency in ob/ob mice, and the underlying association between ERs and leptin needs to be explored in future work.
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- 2021
45. Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
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Ayesha N. Shajahan-Haq and Erin R Scheidemann
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palbociclib ,medicine.drug_class ,QH301-705.5 ,Estrogen receptor ,Breast Neoplasms ,Review ,abemaciclib ,Palbociclib ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,CDK4/6 inhibitors ,Breast cancer ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,antiestrogens ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,ER+ breast cancer ,Medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,ribociclib ,Biology (General) ,Molecular Biology ,Abemaciclib ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,QD1-999 ,Spectroscopy ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ,General Medicine ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 ,Cell cycle ,medicine.disease ,Computer Science Applications ,Clinical trial ,Chemistry ,chemistry ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Estrogen ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Cancer research ,Female ,Signal transduction ,business - Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common form of breast cancer. Antiestrogens were the first therapy aimed at treating this subtype, but resistance to these warranted the development of a new treatment option. CDK4/6 inhibitors address this problem by halting cell cycle progression in ER+ cells, and have proven to be successful in the clinic. Unfortunately, both intrinsic and acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors are common. Numerous mechanisms of how resistance occurs have been identified to date, including the activation of prominent growth signaling pathways, the loss of tumor-suppressive genes, and noncanonical cell cycle function. Many of these have been successfully targeted and demonstrate the ability to overcome resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical trials. Future studies should focus on the development of biomarkers so that patients likely to be resistant to CDK4/6 inhibition can initially be given alternative methods of treatment.
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- 2021
46. The novel estrogen receptor modulator STX attenuates Amyloid-β neurotoxicity in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
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Joseph F, Quinn, Martin J, Kelly, Christopher J, Harris, Wyatt, Hack, Nora E, Gray, Veronika, Kulik, Zoe, Bostick, Barbara H, Brumbach, and Philip F, Copenhaver
- Subjects
Male ,Mice ,Disease Models, Animal ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Neurology ,Alzheimer Disease ,Animals ,Female ,Mice, Transgenic ,Plaque, Amyloid ,Neurotoxicity Syndromes - Abstract
Based on previous evidence that the non-steroidal estrogen receptor modulator STX mitigates the effects of neurotoxic Amyloid-β (Aβ) in vitro, we have evaluated its neuroprotective benefits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cohorts of 5XFAD mice, which begin to accumulate cerebral Aβ at two months of age, were treated with orally-administered STX starting at 6 months of age for two months. After behavioral testing to evaluate cognitive function, biochemical and immunohistochemical assays were used to analyze key markers of mitochondrial function and synaptic integrity. Oral STX treatment attenuated Aβ-associated mitochondrial toxicity and synaptic toxicity in the brain, as previously documented in cultured neurons. STX also moderately improved spatial memory in 5XFAD mice. In addition, STX reduced markers for reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis surrounding amyloid plaques, and also unexpectedly reduced overall levels of cerebral Aβ in the brain. The neuroprotective effects of STX were more robust in females than in males. These results suggest that STX may have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's Disease.
- Published
- 2022
47. Patent Application Titled "Compositions And Methods For Detecting Gene Fusions Of Esr1 And Ccdc170 For Determining Increased Resistance To Endocrine Therapy And For Cancer Treatment" Published Online (USPTO 20230175069).
- Published
- 2023
48. Challenging Approach to the Development of Novel Estrogen Receptor Modulators Based on the Chemical Properties of Guaiazulene
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Kiminori Ohta, Asako Kaise, Takumi Ogawa, and Yasuyuki Endo
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Models, Molecular ,QH301-705.5 ,Cell Survival ,Protein Conformation ,Breast Neoplasms ,Catalysis ,Azulenes ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane ,Drug Development ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Biology (General) ,Molecular Biology ,QD1-999 ,Spectroscopy ,Cell Proliferation ,Estradiol ,Molecular Structure ,Organic Chemistry ,Drug Synergism ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,Tamoxifen ,n/a ,Receptors, Estrogen ,MCF-7 Cells ,Female ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Tamoxifen, a therapeutic agent for breast cancer, has been associated with genetic polymorphisms in the metabolism of N,N-dialkylaminoethyl substituent, which plays an important role in the expression of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) activity. To solve this problem, we developed a novel estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, Az-01, on the basis of the aromaticity, dipole moment, and isopropyl group of guaiazulene. Az-01 showed four-fold lower binding affinity for ER than E2 but had similar ER-binding affinity to that of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HOtam). Unlike tamoxifen, Az-01 acted as a partial agonist with very weak estrogenic activity at high concentrations when used alone, and it showed potent anti-estrogenic activity in the presence of E2. The cell proliferation and inhibition activities of Az-01 were specific to ER-expressing MCF-7 cells, and no effect of Az-01 on other cell proliferation signals was observed. These findings are important for the development of new types of SERMs without the N,N-dialkylaminoethyl substituent as a privileged functional group for SERMs.
- Published
- 2021
49. Short-term PI3K Inhibition Prevents Breast Cancer in Preclinical Models.
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Ku AT, Young AIJ, Ibrahim AA, Bu W, Jiang W, Lin M, Williams LC, McCue BL, Miles G, Nagi C, Behbod F, and Li Y
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- Animals, Mice, Female, Hyperplasia drug therapy, Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors, Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Thiazoles therapeutic use, Precancerous Conditions drug therapy
- Abstract
Antiestrogen medication is the only chemoprevention currently available for women at a high risk of developing breast cancer; however, antiestrogen therapy requires years to achieve efficacy and has adverse side effects. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficacious chemoprevention strategy that requires only a short course of treatment. PIK3CA is commonly activated in breast atypical hyperplasia, the known precancerous precursor of breast cancer. Targeting PI3K signaling in these precancerous lesions may offer a new strategy for chemoprevention. Here, we first established a mouse model that mimics the progression from precancerous lesions to breast cancer. Next, we demonstrated that a short-course prophylactic treatment with the clinically approved PI3K inhibitor alpelisib slowed early lesion expansion and prevented cancer formation in this model. Furthermore, we showed that alpelisib suppressed ex vivo expansion of patient-derived atypical hyperplasia. Together, these data indicate that the progression of precancerous breast lesions heavily depends on the PI3K signaling, and that prophylactic targeting of PI3K activity can prevent breast cancer., Prevention Relevance: PI3K protein is abnormally high in breast precancerous lesions. This preclinical study demonstrates that the FDA-approved anti-PI3K inhibitor alpelisib can prevent breast cancer and thus warrant future clinical trials in high-risk women., (©2022 American Association for Cancer Research.)
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- 2023
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50. Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Viral Infections Such as SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic Consequences
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Nikita Abramenko, Fréderic Vellieux, Petra Tesařová, Zdeněk Kejík, Robert Kaplánek, Lukáš Lacina, Barbora Dvořánková, Daniel Rösel, Jan Brábek, Adam Tesař, Milan Jakubek, and Karel Smetana
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IL-6 ,QH301-705.5 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,SARS−CoV−2 ,COVID-19 ,Breast Neoplasms ,Review ,Virus Internalization ,Virus Replication ,Viral Matrix Proteins ,Chemistry ,Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Receptors, Estrogen ,cytokine storm ,estrogen ,viral replication ,Humans ,Female ,Biology (General) ,QD1-999 ,estrogen receptor - Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic respiratory disease caused by the SARS−CoV−2 coronavirus. The worldwide epidemiologic data showed higher mortality in males compared to females, suggesting a hypothesis about the protective effect of estrogens against severe disease progression with the ultimate end being patient’s death. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the potential effect of estrogens and other modulators of estrogen receptors on COVID-19. While estrogen receptor activation shows complex effects on the patient’s organism, such as an influence on the cardiovascular/pulmonary/immune system which includes lower production of cytokines responsible for the cytokine storm, the receptor-independent effects directly inhibits viral replication. Furthermore, it inhibits the interaction of IL-6 with its receptor complex. Interestingly, in addition to natural hormones, phytestrogens and even synthetic molecules are able to interact with the estrogen receptor and exhibit some anti-COVID-19 activity. From this point of view, estrogen receptor modulators have the potential to be included in the anti-COVID-19 therapeutic arsenal.
- Published
- 2021
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