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11 results on '"Fabre, Pascale"'

1. A threshold model of plastic waste fragmentation: New insights into the distribution of microplastics in the ocean and its evolution over time

Author

George, Matthieu, Nallet, Frédéric, and Fabre, Pascale

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Plastic pollution in the aquatic environment has been assessed for many years by ocean waste collection expeditions around the globe or by river sampling. While the total amount of plastic produced worldwide is well documented, the amount of plastic found in the ocean, the distribution of particles on its surface and its evolution over time are still the subject of much debate. In this article, we propose a general fragmentation model, postulating the existence of a critical size below which particle fragmentation becomes extremely unlikely. In the frame of this model, an abundance peak appears for sizes around 1mm, in agreement with real environmental data. Using, in addition, a realistic exponential waste feed to the ocean, we discuss the relative impact of fragmentation and feed rates, and the temporal evolution of microplastics (MP) distribution. New conclusions on the temporal trend of MP pollution are drawn., Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures. Revised manuscript accepted for publication in Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023/12/27

Published
2023
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3. Discussion about suitable applications for biodegradable plastics regarding their sources, uses and end of life

Author

Paul-pont, Ika, Ghiglione, Jean-françois, Gastaldi, Emmanuelle, Ter Halle, Alexandra, Huvet, Arnaud, Bruzaud, Stéphane, Lagarde, Fabienne, Galgani, Francois, Duflos, Guillaume, George, Matthieu, Fabre, Pascale, Paul-pont, Ika, Ghiglione, Jean-françois, Gastaldi, Emmanuelle, Ter Halle, Alexandra, Huvet, Arnaud, Bruzaud, Stéphane, Lagarde, Fabienne, Galgani, Francois, Duflos, Guillaume, George, Matthieu, and Fabre, Pascale

Abstract

This opinion paper offers a scientific view on the current debate of the place of biodegradable plastics as part of the solution to deal with the growing plastic pollution in the world's soil, aquatic, and marine compartments. Based on the current scientific literature, we focus on the current limits to prove plastic biodegradability and to assess the toxicity of commercially used biobased and biodegradable plastics in natural environments. We also discuss the relevance of biodegradable plastics for selected applications with respect to their use and end of life. In particular, we underlined that there is no universal biodegradability of plastics in any ecosystem, that considering the environment as a waste treatment system is not acceptable, and that the use of compostable plastics requires adaptation of existing organic waste collection and treatment channels.

Published
2023
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4. Relative Influence of Plastic Debris Size and Shape, Chemical Composition and Phytoplankton-Bacteria Interactions in Driving Seawater Plastisphere Abundance, Diversity and Activity

Author

Cheng, Jingguang, Jacquin, Justine, Conan, Pascal, Pujo-Pay, Mireille, Barbe, Valérie, George, Matthieu, Fabre, Pascale, Bruzaud, Stéphane, Ter Halle, Alexandra, Meistertzheim, Anne-Leila, Ghiglione, Jean-François, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique (IMRCP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SMODD - Systèmes Moléculaires Organisés et Développement Durable (SMODD), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
fungi, lcsh:QR1-502, colonization, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, biofilm, microbial ecotoxicology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, biofouling, plastic litter, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, plastisphere, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Original Research
Abstract

International audience; The thin film of life that inhabits all plastics in the oceans, so-called “plastisphere,” has multiple effects on the fate and impacts of plastic in the marine environment. Here, we aimed to evaluate the relative influence of the plastic size, shape, chemical composition, and environmental changes such as a phytoplankton bloom in shaping the plastisphere abundance, diversity and activity. Polyethylene (PE) and polylactide acid (PLA) together with glass controls in the forms of meso-debris (18 mm diameter) and large-microplastics (LMP; 3 mm diameter), as well as small-microplastics (SMP) of 100 μm diameter with spherical or irregular shapes were immerged in seawater during 2 months. Results of bacterial abundance (confocal microscopy) and diversity (16S rRNA Illumina sequencing) indicated that the three classical biofilm colonization phases (primo-colonization after 3 days; growing phase after 10 days; maturation phase after 30 days) were not influenced by the size and the shape of the materials, even when a diatom bloom (Pseudo-nitzschia sp.) occurred after the first month of incubation. However, plastic size and shape had an effect on bacterial activity (3H leucine incorporation). Bacterial communities associated with the material of 100 μm size fraction showed the highest activity compared to all other material sizes. A mature biofilm developed within 30 days on all material types, with higher bacterial abundance on the plastics compared to glass, and distinct bacterial assemblages were detected on each material type. The diatom bloom event had a great impact on the plastisphere of all materials, resulting in a drastic change in diversity and activity. Our results showed that the plastic size and shape had relatively low influence on the plastisphere abundance, diversity, and activity, as compared to the plastic composition or the presence of a phytoplankton bloom.

Published
2021
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5. Pollution des océans par les plastiques et les microplastiques

Author

Galgani, Francois, Bruzaud, Stéphane, Duflos, Guillaume, Fabre, Pascale, Casdaldi, Emmanuelle, Ghiglione, Jeff, Grimaud, Régis, George, Matthieu, Huvet, Arnaud, Lagarde, Fabienne, Paul-pont, Ika, Ter Halle, Alexandra, Galgani, Francois, Bruzaud, Stéphane, Duflos, Guillaume, Fabre, Pascale, Casdaldi, Emmanuelle, Ghiglione, Jeff, Grimaud, Régis, George, Matthieu, Huvet, Arnaud, Lagarde, Fabienne, Paul-pont, Ika, and Ter Halle, Alexandra

Abstract

Human behavior and the intensive use of plastic, combined with poor performance of management systems have led to a massive accumulation of plastic debris in the marine environment, accounting for 50 to 80 % of all marine litter. Their distribution, their fate, their degradation and their impacts stem directly from their composition and use properties. This article reviews knowledge and describes the main scientific, environmental and socio-economic issues, as well as the possible solutions needed to manage an environmental problem that has become global., Les comportements humains et l’utilisation intensive du plastique associés à une faible performance des systèmes de gestion ont engendré une accumulation massive de déchets plastiques dans le milieu marin où ils représentent 50 à 80 % de l’ensemble des déchets. Leur distribution, leurs comportements en mer, leur dégradation et leurs impacts découlent directement de leur composition et propriétés d’usage. Le présent article fait un bilan des connaissances et décrit les principaux enjeux scientifiques, environnementaux et socio-économiques, ainsi que les possibles solutions nécessaires à la gestion d’un problème environnemental devenu global.

Published
2020

6. Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics by Marine Microorganisms

Author

Dussud, Claire, primary, Hudec, Cindy, additional, George, Matthieu, additional, Fabre, Pascale, additional, Higgs, Perry, additional, Bruzaud, Stéphane, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Eyheraguibel, Boris, additional, Meistertzheim, Anne-Leïla, additional, Jacquin, Justine, additional, Cheng, Jingguang, additional, Callac, Nolwenn, additional, Odobel, Charlène, additional, Rabouille, Sophie, additional, and Ghiglione, Jean-François, additional

Published
2018
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7. Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics by Marine Microorganisms

Author

Dussud, Claire, Hudec, Cindy, George, Matthieu, Fabre, Pascale, Higgs, Perry, Bruzaud, Stephane, Delort, Anne-marie, Eyheraguibel, Boris, Meistertzheim, Anne-leila, Jacquin, Justine, Cheng, Jingguang, Callac, Nolwenn, Odobel, Charlene, Rabouille, Sophie, Ghiglione, Jean-frangois, Dussud, Claire, Hudec, Cindy, George, Matthieu, Fabre, Pascale, Higgs, Perry, Bruzaud, Stephane, Delort, Anne-marie, Eyheraguibel, Boris, Meistertzheim, Anne-leila, Jacquin, Justine, Cheng, Jingguang, Callac, Nolwenn, Odobel, Charlene, Rabouille, Sophie, and Ghiglione, Jean-frangois

Abstract

Plastics are ubiquitous in the oceans and constitute suitable matrices for bacterial attachment and growth. Understanding biofouling mechanisms is a key issue to assessing the ecological impacts and fate of plastics in marine environment. In this study, we investigated the different steps of plastic colonization of polyolefin-based plastics, on the first one hand, including conventional low-density polyethylene (PE), additivated PE with pro-oxidant (OXO), and artificially aged OXO (AA-OXO); and of a polyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), on the other hand. We combined measurements of physical surface properties of polymers (hydrophobicity and roughness) with microbiological characterization of the biofilm (cell counts, taxonomic composition, and heterotrophic activity) using a wide range of techniques, with some of them used for the first time on plastics. Our experimental setup using aquariums with natural circulating seawater during 6 weeks allowed us to characterize the successive phases of primo-colonization, growing, and maturation of the biofilms. We highlighted different trends between polymer types with distinct surface properties and composition, the biodegradable AA-OXO and PHBV presenting higher colonization by active and specific bacteria compared to non-biodegradable polymers (PE and OXO). Succession of bacterial population occurred during the three colonization phases, with hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria being highly abundant on all plastic types. This study brings original data that provide new insights on the colonization of non-biodegradable and biodegradable polymers by marine microorganisms.

Published
2018
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8. Force response of a viscous liquid in a probe-tack geometry: fingering versus cavitation

Author

Poivet, Sylwia, Nallet, Frédéric, Gay, Cyprien, Teisseire, Jérémie, Fabre, Pascale, Centre de recherches Paul Pascal (CRPP), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Traction (engineering), Biophysics, Nucleation, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Viscous liquid, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Viscosity, Classical mechanics, Rheology, Cavitation, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Soft matter, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Biotechnology, Phase diagram
Abstract

International audience; We perform traction experiments on viscous liquids highly confined between parallel plates, a geometry known as the probe-tack test in the adhesion community. Direct observation during the experiment coupled to force measurement shows the existence of several mechanisms for releasing the stress: while fingering is favored for low traction velocities, low confinement and low viscosity, nucleation of bubbles occurs in the opposite conditions. It is possible to quantitatively predict the transition between the two regimes and, in many respects, describe the shape of the force response. Using a model for purely viscous fluids, we also present a phase diagram for the different force peak regimes that remarkably accounts for the data. Our results show that conspicuous features of the traction curve commonly thought to be characteristic of soft viscoelastic solids like adhesives are already encountered in liquid materials.

Published
2004
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10. Pollution of oceans by plastics and microplastics

Author

Régis Grimaud, Alexandra Ter Halle, Stéphane Bruzaud, Arnaud Huvet, Pascale Fabre, Matthieu George, Fabienne Lagarde, Emmanuelle Gastaldi, François Galgani, Guillaume Duflos, Jeff Ghiglione, Ika Paul-Pont, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FABRE, Pascale

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, 6. Clean water
Abstract

Human behavior and the intensive use of plastic, combined with poor performance of management systems have led to a massive accumulation of plastic debris in the marine environment, accounting for 50 to 80 % of all marine litter. Their distribution, their fate, their degradation and their impacts stem directly from their composition and use properties. This article reviews knowledge and describes the main scientific, environmental and socio-economic issues, as well as the possible solutions needed to manage an environmental problem that has become global., Les comportements humains et l’utilisation intensive du plastique associés à une faible performance des systèmes de gestion ont engendré une accumulation massive de déchets plastiques dans le milieu marin où ils représentent 50 à 80 % de l’ensemble des déchets. Leur distribution, leurs comportements en mer, leur dégradation et leurs impacts découlent directement de leur composition et propriétés d’usage. Le présent article fait un bilan des connaissances et décrit les principaux enjeux scientifiques, environnementaux et socio-économiques, ainsi que les possibles solutions nécessaires à la gestion d’un problème environnemental devenu global.

Published
2020

11. Relative Influence of Plastic Debris Size and Shape, Chemical Composition and Phytoplankton-Bacteria Interactions in Driving Seawater Plastisphere Abundance, Diversity and Activity.

Author

Cheng J, Jacquin J, Conan P, Pujo-Pay M, Barbe V, George M, Fabre P, Bruzaud S, Ter Halle A, Meistertzheim AL, and Ghiglione JF

Abstract

The thin film of life that inhabits all plastics in the oceans, so-called "plastisphere," has multiple effects on the fate and impacts of plastic in the marine environment. Here, we aimed to evaluate the relative influence of the plastic size, shape, chemical composition, and environmental changes such as a phytoplankton bloom in shaping the plastisphere abundance, diversity and activity. Polyethylene (PE) and polylactide acid (PLA) together with glass controls in the forms of meso-debris (18 mm diameter) and large-microplastics (LMP; 3 mm diameter), as well as small-microplastics (SMP) of 100 μm diameter with spherical or irregular shapes were immerged in seawater during 2 months. Results of bacterial abundance (confocal microscopy) and diversity (16S rRNA Illumina sequencing) indicated that the three classical biofilm colonization phases (primo-colonization after 3 days; growing phase after 10 days; maturation phase after 30 days) were not influenced by the size and the shape of the materials, even when a diatom bloom ( Pseudo-nitzschia sp.) occurred after the first month of incubation. However, plastic size and shape had an effect on bacterial activity ( 3 H leucine incorporation). Bacterial communities associated with the material of 100 μm size fraction showed the highest activity compared to all other material sizes. A mature biofilm developed within 30 days on all material types, with higher bacterial abundance on the plastics compared to glass, and distinct bacterial assemblages were detected on each material type. The diatom bloom event had a great impact on the plastisphere of all materials, resulting in a drastic change in diversity and activity. Our results showed that the plastic size and shape had relatively low influence on the plastisphere abundance, diversity, and activity, as compared to the plastic composition or the presence of a phytoplankton bloom., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Cheng, Jacquin, Conan, Pujo-Pay, Barbe, George, Fabre, Bruzaud, Ter Halle, Meistertzheim and Ghiglione.)

Published
2021
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