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C16H12O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.9636(14) Å, b = 12.1767(12) Å, c = 10.1557(13) Å, β = 116.588(16)°, V = 1212.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0366, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1019, T = 250.00(10) K.

In the last years, hot - stamped coating steel plates have been used to automobile lightweight parts widely to meet the increasingly stringent regulatory requirements for fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions while promoting passenger safety. Using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and salt spray test chamber, the coating morphology and corrosion performance of uncoated, hot - dip pure zinc coated and Al - Si coated hot - stamped steel plates were compared and investigated. Results showed that the metallographic structure of the three hot - stamped materials was mainly martensite with a small amount of retained austenite; the coatings of Al - Si coated and zinc coated hot - stamped steel plates were complete, and no cracks penetrating the base material were found; the decarburized layer depth of uncoated hot - stamped steel plate was about 10 μm, the Al - Si coating consisted of α - Fe, Fe2Al5, FeAl and Fe2Al5 layers, and the zinc coating was mainly composed of α - Fe phase; the time spans for occurring 5% red rust in neutral salt spray (NSS) environment for uncoated, Al - Si coated and zinc coated hot - stamped steel plates were 6, 76, 96 h, respectively, and the corrosion depth was 257, 134, 66 μm, respectively. Besides, in NSS environment, the corrosion width for uncoated, Al - Si coated and zinc coated hot - stamped steel plates with electrophoretic treatment was 75.6, 42.3, 143.8 μm and the corrosion depth was 32.2, 7.0, 2.5 μm, respectively. The corrosion resistance was zinc coated electrophoretic plate > Al - Si coated > uncoated plate in order.

A series of novel derivatives of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) were synthesized by introducing aromatic or heterocyclic structures to extend the side chain, thereby enhancing their interaction with amino acid residues in the active pocket of the target protein. These compounds were structurally characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The compounds were subsequently evaluated for their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 protease and cell viability in the human cancer cell lines K562 and HeLa and the mouse cancer cell line CT26. Towards HIV-1 protease, compounds 28 and 32, which featured the introduction of heterocyclic moieties at the C3 position of GA, exhibited the highest inhibition, with inhibition rates of 76% and 70.5%, respectively, at 1 mg/mL concentration. Further molecular docking suggests that a 3-substituted polar moiety would be likely to enhance the inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. As for the anti-proliferative activities of the GA derivatives, incorporation of a thiazole heterocycle at the C3- position in compound 29 significantly enhanced the effect against K562 cells with an IC50 value of 8.86 ± 0.93 µM. The introduction of electron-withdrawing substituents on the C3-substituted phenyl ring augmented the anti-proliferative activity against Hela and CT26 cells. Compound 13 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against Hela cells with an IC50 value of 9.89 ± 0.86 µM, whereas compound 7 exerted the strongest inhibition against CT26 cells with an IC50 value of 4.54 ± 0.37 µM. These findings suggest that further modification of GA is a promising path for developing potent novel anti-HIV and anticancer therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C16H12O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.9636(14) Å, b = 12.1767(12) Å, c = 10.1557(13) Å, β = 116.588(16)°, V = 1212.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0366, wRref(F2) = 0.1019, T = 250.00(10) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Detection of vulnerable plaques could be clinically significant in the prevention of cardiovascular events. We aimed to compare Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in vulnerable and stable plaques, and investigate the feasibility of predicting thrombosis events using Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) angiography. Methods: Atherosclerosis was induced in 23 male New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits underwent pharmacological triggering to induce thrombosis. A pre-triggered PET/CTA scan and a post-triggered PET/CTA scan were respectively performed. 18F-FDG uptake by the aorta was expressed as maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean). SUVs were measured on serial 7.5 mm arterial segments. Results: Thrombosis was identified in 15 of 23 rabbits. The pre-triggered SUVmean and SUVmax were 0.768±0.111 and 0.804±0.120, respectively, in the arterial segments with stable plaque, and 1.097±0.189 and 1.229±0.290, respectively, in the arterial segments with vulnerable plaque (P<0.001, respectively). The post-triggered SUVmean and SUVmax were 0.849±0.167 and 0.906±0.191, respectively in the arterial segments without thrombosis, and 1.152±0.258 and 1.294±0.313, respectively in the arterial segments with thrombosis (P<0.001, respectively). The values of SUVmean in the pre-triggered arterial segments were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for predicting thrombosis events. Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.898. Maximal sensitivity and specificity (75.4% and 88.5%, respectively) were obtained when SUVmean was 0.882. Conclusions: Vulnerable and stable plaques can be distinguished by quantitative analysis of 18F-FDG uptake in the arterial segments in this rabbit model. PET/CT may be used for predicting thrombosis events and risk-stratification in patients with atherosclerotic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C16H12O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.9636(14) Å, b = 12.1767(12) Å, c = 10.1557(13) Å, β = 116.588(16)°, V = 1212.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0366, wRref(F2) = 0.1019, T = 250.00(10) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The slurry ability of lignite is too poor to be applied directly to coal-water slurry gasification technology. Luhuo lignite sample was pretreated differently by acid/water washing and pyrolysis in order to improve its slurryability. The treated samples were characterized by BET test, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis experiments, etc. The results show that the pore structure of the coal samples is destroyed by pretreatment, specific surface area decreases and average pore size increases, and the slurry concentration and mobility are improved. The concentration of coal water slurry can rise to 60% in the study of the slurryability of pretreated lignite washed with acid. The TherMax500 thermogravimetric apparatus was introduced to study the gasification characteristics of differently pretreated lignite. The results reveal that pretreatment with water washed has little effect on coal gasification reactivity, but acid washing pretreatment greatly reduces gasification reactivity of luhuo lignite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Macrophages are the primary innate immune cells encountered by the invading coronaviruses, and their abilities to initiate inflammatory reactions, to maintain the immunity homeostasis by differential polarization, to train the innate immune system by epigenic modification have been reported in laboratory animal research., Methods: In the current in vitro research, murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell were infected by mouse hepatitis virus, a coronavirus existed in mouse. At 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-h post infection (hpi.), the attached cells were washed with PBS and harvested in Trizol reagent. Then The harvest is subjected to transcriptome sequencing., Results: The transcriptome analysis showed the immediate (3 hpi.) up regulation of DEGs related to inflammation, like Il1b and Il6. DEGs related to M2 differential polarization, like Irf4 showed up regulation at 24 hpi., the late term after viral infection. In addition, DEGs related to metabolism and histone modification, like Ezh2 were detected, which might correlate with the trained immunity of macrophages., Conclusions: The current in vitro viral infection study showed the key innated immunity character of macrophages, which suggested the replacement value of viral infection cells model, to reduce the animal usage in preclinical research., (© 2024 The Authors. Animal Models and Experimental Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences.)

Aim: To identify different metabolites, proteins and related pathways to elucidate the causes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and resistance to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, and to provide biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of PDR., Methods: Vitreous specimens from patients with diabetic retinopathy were collected and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses based on 4D label-free technology. Statistically differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway representation and protein interactions were analyzed., Results: A total of 12 samples were analyzed. The proteomics results showed that a total of 58 proteins were identified as DEPs, of which 47 proteins were up-regulated and 11 proteins were down-regulated. We found that C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 5 (C1QTNF5), Clusterin (CLU), tissue inhibitor of metal protease 1 (TIMP1) and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) can all be specifically regulated after aflibercept treatment. GO functional analysis showed that some DEPs are related to changes in inflammatory regulatory pathways caused by PDR. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network evaluation revealed that TIMP1 plays a central role in neural regulation. In addition, CD47/SIRPα may become a key target to resolve anti-VEGF drug resistance in PDR., Conclusion: Proteomic analysis is an approach of choice to explore the molecular mechanisms of PDR. Our data show that multiple proteins are differentially changed in PDR patients after intravitreal injection of aflibercept, among which C1QTNF5, CLU, TIMP1 and SIRPα may become targets for future treatment of PDR and resolution of anti-VEGF resistance., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Feng TT, None; Gao X, None; Liang AR, None; Zhao BW, None; He GH, None; Chen S, None., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Objective: To study the anti-hypertrophic scar effect of the six-herb Chinese medicine composition (SCMC) ointment on the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models., Methods: The optimal formulation of SCMC ointment matrix was screened by the orthogonal designs and a series of evaluation tests. The SCMC ointment was prepared through emulsifying method. The rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models were established and used to investigate the anti-hypertrophic scar effect of SCMC ointment., Results: Our results demonstrated that all the quality control indications of the SCMC ointment met the requirements. A nti-hypertrophic scar activity results showed that all the rabbit ear scar tissues appeared different degrees of shrink and fading, and took an unobvious but palpable shift from hard to soft texture with the low, middle and high concentration SCMC ointments treatments in vivo . Additionally, on 21st day the scar area and thickness in different concentrations of SCMC ointment groups were significantly reduced than control group, in a concentration-dependent manner. The immunohistochemical results also indicated that the SCMC ointment had good anti-hypertrophic scar properties and could inhibit hypertrophic scar formation., Conclusion: The SCMC ointment could improve the blood circulation condition of hypertrophic scar tissues. Our research has demonstrated the Chinese medicine composition ointment with good anti-hypertrophic scar properties that could be used to treat hypertrophic scars. Meanwhile, it provides a theoretical basis for further clinical application., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.)

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of identifying the vulnerable plaque and predicting plague rupture and thrombus using by positron emission tomography/computed tomography angiography (PET/CTA)., Methods: Twenty-eight male New Zealand white rabbits were fed with hyper-lipid diet for 2 weeks before the balloon injury of the abdominal aorta.Then these rabbit were intermittently fed with hyper-lipid diet for 14 weeks, in order to trigger pharmaceutic the plague rupture and thrombus. PET/CTA scans of abdominal aorta were performed before and after the drug triggering, FDG uptake (standardized uptake value, SUV) was measured. Rabbits were euthanized to obtain data of pathology and histology. The parameters obtained by PET/CTA, pathology and histology were compared and the correlations were performed., Results: The thrombosis was identified in 13 of 20 rabbits.Before the drug triggering, (18)F-FDG mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) was higher in thrombotic arterial segments (defined as vulnerable plaque) (1.10 ± 0.19 vs 0.77 ± 0.11,P = 0.000); after the drug triggering, SUVmean was higher in thrombotic arterial segments, too (1.15 ± 0.26 vs 0.85 ± 0.17, P = 0.000). We use the ROC curve for SUVmean to predict plaque rupture and thrombosis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.898 (P = 0.000). The cutoff value was 0.882., Conclusions: Our findings indicated that (18)F-FDG PET/CTA, as a noninvasive imaging method, could be used to identify vulnerable plaques and predict thrombosis events.

Background: Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the primary mechanism of thrombosis which plays a key role in the onset of acute coronary syndromes. Detection of these plaques prone to rupture (vulnerable plaque) could be clinically significant for prevention of cardiac events. It has been shown that high metabolism cells have a high uptake of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG). The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of FDG uptake and the immuno-histochemistry parameters of plaques, and the effect of atorvastatin on vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in a rabbit model., Methods: Ten male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups as follows: (1) normal control group (n = 2, C group): the animals were fed a standard diet at 120 g/d and were given water ad labium; (2) atherosclerosis group (n = 4, As group): animals were fed with high fat diet for 5 months after aortic endothelia damage; (3) treatment group (atherosclerosis + atorvastatin, n = 4, Statin group): animals were fed with high fat diet for 5 months and then changed into normal chow plus atorvastatin (2.5 mg·d(-1)·kg(-1)) treatment for another 4 months. Then these four rabbits were imaged with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and sacrificed for pathohistologic studies. FDG uptake by the aorta was expressed as target-to-background ratio (TBR). Maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured over the thoracic and abdominal aortas. The aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) number, CD-14 antibody positive cell (macrophage) number and the ratio of the thickness of fibrous cap to the thickness of lipid core (cap-to-core ratio) in atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed., Results: As group showed significantly higher uptake of FDG than C group (SUVs: 0.746 ± 0.172 vs. 0.286 ± 0.073, P < 0.001). After 4 months of atorvastatin treatment and the modification of diet, SUVs decreased significantly (Statin group: 0.550 ± 0.134, compared to As group, P < 0.001). However, no marked difference was found in TBR, the number of macrophages, the number of SMC and the cap-to-core ratio in the aortic segments between Statin group and As group. The correlation of aortic FDG uptake with SMC assessed by histopathology was negatively significant (r = -0.57, P < 0.001). When aortic FDG uptake was expressed as TBR, it correlated significantly (r = 0.69, P < 0.001) with the macrophage number, and also correlated significantly (r = -0.78, P < 0.001) with the cap-to-core ratio., Conclusion: (18)F-FDG PET/CT might serve as a useful non-invasive imaging technique for detection of atherosclerotic plaque and potentially permit monitoring of relative changes in inflammation within the atherosclerotic lesion.