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Drawing on insights from the sociology of markets, we offer an analytical review of market system dynamics (MSD) in consumer culture theory (CCT) research. We surface important theoretical gaps in current understanding and suggest future research areas. To extend the breadth and depth of MSD’s explanatory power in CCT research, we invite researchers to place greater emphasis on exploring four key issues: (1) differing institutional contexts and their influences on market dynamics; (2) the place and impact of the institutions of the family and religion in market shaping; (3) the role of race, ethnicity and nationality in market dynamics, within and across national borders; (4) conceptualizations of marketplaces as ambiguous environments wherein multiple ideologies, power regimes, and politics interact. In so doing, as a community of researchers, we can advance knowledge on not only what markets do in society but also on what markets do to society.

This article traces the origins of Kenneth Wilson's conception of effective field theories (EFTs) in the 1960s. I argue that what really made the difference in Wilson's path to his first prototype of EFT are his long-standing pragmatic aspirations and methodological commitments. Wilson's primary interest was to work on mathematically interesting physical problems and he thought that progress could be made by treating them as if they could be analyzed in principle by a sufficiently powerful computer. The first point explains why he had no qualms about twisting the structure of field theories; the second why he divided the state-space of a toy model field theory into continuous slices by following a standard divide-and-conquer algorithmic strategy instead of working directly with a fully discretized and finite theory. I also show how Wilson's prototype bears the mark of these aspirations and commitments and clear up a few striking ironies along the way., Comment: Forthcoming in Studies in History and Philosophy of Science

The article builds on a recent literature that has sought to underscore the relevance of Bourdieu’s field theory for historical-sociological analysis. It draws attention to symbolic revolutions, a concept that has been given short shrift in this literature and even in Bourdieu’s own expositions of his field-theoretical apparatus. The article argues that symbolic revolutions denote a universal mechanism of field-internal change which extends and complements a conceptual battery of mostly structural universals of fields. In a synoptic reading of Bourdieu’s field-theoretical work, the article fleshes out an ideal type of symbolic revolutions, with special regard to its dialectical features. It adds further analytical purchase to the concept by highlighting continuities and parallels with the work of Thomas Kuhn and Karl Mannheim. Finally, it argues that more recent studies by other authors on transformations in the psychiatric field, the field of social and human sciences, and the political field are in fact discussing instances of symbolic revolutions. It thus shows how the concept can help identify common properties among highly heterogeneous phenomena, opening up new avenues for historical-sociological investigations that can more systematically relate the general and the particular.

This theoretical essay considers how the institution of journalism, now threatened by authoritarian attack and other challenges, has been conceptualized and proposes a refinement on previous defini...

This study investigated the factors that parents considered when sending their children back to school after the COVID-19 outbreak and analyzed the dilemma that parents were facing. A total of 1067 questionnaires were collected through snowball sampling. After three levels of coding based on Grounded Theory and Field Theory, parents’ key concerns were categorized as four personal factors (i.e., intuitive expectation, health issue, learning effectiveness, perceived epidemic safety) and three environmental factors (i.e., school environment, family environment, social environment). By factor weight analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis H test, a field model of factors that affect parents’ willingness was set up. Results indicated that learning effectiveness is the most critical factor affecting parents’ willingness. By considering both personal and environmental factors, most parents were not satisfied with the effect of home-based online education and expressed their willingness to send their children back to school and resume classes; however, they also worried about students’ epidemic awareness and self-protection abilities. Students’ development highly depends on the social atmosphere, a regular schedule, and environmental support from schools, which can hardly be achieved by home-based online learning. The findings suggest that the joint efforts of society, schools, and families are needed on the issue of students returning to school after the COVID-19 outbreak.

This paper engages with the theme of disgrace from a Bourdieusian point of view. Starting out from a specific definition of ‘grace’ in terms of misrecognition, it goes on to consider some of the ways in which disgrace can be generated and some of the ways it can be handled by the disgraced party. While there are certainly many intra-field modalities of the genesis of disgrace, including violation of the rules of the game, the paper also emphasizes that disgrace can be generated by cross-field events, necessitating a switch of perspective from individuals in one field to individuals in multiple fields. This is also true of strategies for coping with disgrace.

Innovation does not just involve the creation of new products, but also includes the need for new kinds of processes and organizations. Field theory can help us understand why some innovations are more piecemeal and others more revolutionary. It explicitly links innovation to the process of the emergence, adjustment, and transformation of markets (conceived of as fields). To illustrate this perspective, the case of the transition in the U.S. from a mortgage market dominated by savings and loan banks to the emergence of mortgage securitization dominated by the government sponsored enterprises and the largest private banks, is explicated. Field theory helps us understand the logic of this transition and the myriad players and innovations that helped produce a large part of what we consider to be modern finance. The case also shows the limits of economic theories of financial innovation and the sociology of finance. I end with a discussion of how field theory can inform subsequent research on innovation.

This article aims to analyze the emergence of challengers of mobilization in the case of a movement against the redevelopment plan of Rumah Susun Klender in East Jakarta using a field theory approach. Mobilization issues around housing in Indonesia are not new, but it is still dominated by evictions issues. Therefore, the Rumah Susun Klender case can be considered unique. Using the case study method, data were obtained through several observation techniques, such as document study and indepth interviews with 10 informants. The results of the analysis reveal that the transformation of people resistance into the emergence of Paguyuban Tandingan (rival organization) as challenger of mobilization is not merely caused by redevelopment plans. Indeed, it was generated by an initial contention (internal dynamics) that occurred between the residents and the Association of Apartment Owners and Occupants (P3SRS). The residents who are anti-redevelopment was consolidated by, and joined with, the rival organization to take over P3SRS’ authority as a governance unit to achieve one goal: cancelling the redevelopment plan.

The article presents the characteristics of the structural components of the competence of a specialist of educational institutions, systematizes the methods that contribute to their development. The purpose of the article is description of role methods aimed at forming the competence of a specialist of an educational institution. Research methods and techniques. The following methods are used in the research: method of theoretical analysis of scientific literature, synthesis method, constructive method, generalization method. Results of the research. The list of role methods aimed at development of components of competence, contains both author’s methods and modified ones based on K. Levin’s field theory and theoretical foundations of the role approach presented in the works of P. Gornostai. In addition, we propose to use role-playing methods developed and tested within the psychodrama of Ya. Moreno and A. Schutzenderger. The role methods, we have systematized, contribute to the formation of the individual’s awareness of his own value and uniqueness («Dominant roles», «Building the role atom of an individual», «Role regions»); the ability to overcome the negative consequences of the mechanism of alienation that prevails in modern society, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their personality, integrating them into a holistic self («Who am I?», «Metaphor»); the ability to overcome stereotypes of behaviour and adjust rigid roles, to identify the role expectations of the subjects of social interaction and to realize their own («Reconstruction», «Interaction of symbolic representations»); develop spontaneity and creativity (psychodramatic role-playing methods and «Magic Shop»); to form components of role competence (modelling of role situations and psychodramatic method «Pedagogical role play»). Conclusions. Thus, the proposed methods are only conditionally correlated with certain components of the competence of a specialist as each of them to a greater or lesser extent contributes to the development of all components of competence. Therefore, in our opinion, to achieve the optimal result it is advisable to use the proposed methods in combination, rather than separately. In further research we plan to develop a program for formation of specialist competence using the proposed role methods.

El estudio analiza la creación y consolidación del Foro Internacional de Música Nueva Manuel Enríquez desde la teoría de campo de Pierre Bourdieu. Dicho certamen, que anualmente tiene lugar en México y cuya finalidad es la de presentar música de concierto actual, ha constituido un escenario musical de referencia para dicho país de 1979 a la fecha. Por tanto, a lo largo de este escrito se estudia el surgi- miento y desarrollo de este espacio intentando comprender el contexto en que tuvo lugar, su fundación y cómo llegó a consolidarse en el panorama musical mexicano, a la vez que discernir la importancia que tuvo Manuel Enríquez en tanto artífice del Foro. Para ello se genera un trazo histórico por el que es posible comprender una parte importante de su funcionamiento, esto es, observar cómo está constituido, cuáles son sus dinámicas y qué tipo de habitus ha generado.

Since 2014, “plot twist news” as a controversial news phenomenon has appeared extensively in Chinese digital communication. In the context of journalism, this refers to news facts provided in follo...

In recent years, a growing number of media outlets such as The Associated Press, The Washington Post and the BBC have adopted “automated journalism,” a solution understood as the generation of jour...

Based on contributions from the sociology of science in the field of Science Education, this article aims to explore and elucidate the concept of fields, formulated by Pierre Bourdieu, in the objects of study of this area. This theoretical study is structured in three parts, which are articulated throughout the text: a synthesis of the general and invariable principles of fields; an elaboration of an analogy between the different field theories (sociology and physics); a discussion about the appropriation of field theories in research studies on Science Education that use them. We discuss the field as a social space, the agents’ habitus, the positions in the field, disputes and interests, distribution of the specific capital, limits, boundaries, and the field autonomy. An interpretation of this complex Bourdieusian concept was defended, in a way to determine the limits of the field and their agents, based on how research has appropriated it. Therefore, a theoretical framework was advanced, coming up with the possible and effective articulations between Science Education and Bourdieu’ Sociology of Science.

Michael Polanyi introduced the concept of fields in the last several pages of Personal Knowledge. In this essay I examine whether the last-minute addition of fields advances his explanation of anthropogenesis. Polanyi’s view of the role of fields in solving problems and discovery plus their place in ontogenesis and phylogenesis is examined and found not to be wholly satisfactory. Alternative explanations of the factors advancing discovery and problem solving are advanced.

Ivan Kerchief, Oleg Mirochnik, Larysa Pereverzieva APPLICATION OF FIELD THEORY APPARATUS FOR DESCRIPTION OF AIR MOVEMENT IN MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PREVENTION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF TECHNOGENIC CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTER The main provisions of the field theory for the description of air movement processes in the closed premises of administrative buildings in the conditions of emergence of an emergency situation of technogenic character are defined in the work. Based on which the main assumptions are made regarding the problem of mathematical description of the process of air injection into the local volume using a filter ventilation unit in the interests of protecting people from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical contamination in enclosed office buildings in a man-made emergency. A detailed analysis of the existing regulatory and methodological framework on the issues under consideration allowed us to state the following - known means of protection against radioactive and chemical contamination of the atmosphere are implemented in special protective structures, which are in large numbers in Ukraine, but for objective reasons (obsolete physically and morally) can not be used for its intended purpose. Existing methods of building temporary shelters cannot be implemented due to the rapid development of emergencies at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and propose new designs of special rooms in office buildings in the interests of protection and rescue of people from the harmful factors of hazardous substances sprayed into the atmosphere as a result of man-made disasters, which in turn should be based on modern methodological apparatus. closed premises of administrative buildings in the conditions of emergence of an emergency of technogenic character. Given the above, the properties of the vector function used to describe magnetic and other physical fields that do not contradict the provisions of gas dynamics and can be used to describe the problems of air injection in the local volume were considered. It is noted that the direction and modulus of the vector determine the direction and velocity of the air flow through the elementary site. In addition, the vector function allows you to represent (conditionally divide) the air flow as elements of lines or elements of surfaces. Thus, the properties of the vector function allow to use it to describe the processes of air injection into the local volume in the mathematical model of protection of people from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical pollution in temporary shelters in office buildings in order to protect the population from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical pollution. arising from man-made accidents and catastrophes. Key words: emergency situation, field theory, administrative buildings.

In this article I seek to utilise Bourdieu’s field theory to examine the relation between the artistic and culinary fields. I examine how the field has changed since the mid-twentieth century and how, since the 1960s, the autonomy of the chef drastically changed the culinary field. Focusing upon elite chefs of the twenty-first century, such as Ferran Adrià and Massimo Bottura, I analyse how European haute cuisine has developed and how dialogues between the chef and diner have become a defining feature of contemporary haute cuisine. Overall I examine how this autonomy occurred and what it potentially means for haute cuisine in the future. Throughout, I reference the concepts of Bourdieu’s field theory, legitimation, and heteronomy/autonomy to explain how these changes within the culinary field occurred and what it means for the field.

El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano desde la perspectiva de la teoría de los campos de Pierre Bourdieu. En ese sentido, el pensamiento crítico es considerado como el objeto de estudio y el campo como la metodología para analizarlo. El pensamiento crítico latinoamericano ha atravesado por varias etapas, sólo la última, identificada como pensamiento decolonial es la que se considera para poner a revisión. Los extractos de la teoría de los campos utilizados para encontrar los objetos del juego del pensamiento decolonial permiten identificar la modernidad-colonialidad y las relaciones saber-poder como elementos constitutivos en la nueva etapa del campo del pensamiento latinoamericano. El ejercicio de observación del enfoque decolonial comprueba que el trabajo intelectual en América Latina para explicar la realidad del conjunto de países de la región, conocido como pensamiento crítico latinoamericano, conforma un campo en el sentido bourdiano. The objective of this work is to approach Latin American critical thinking from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. In that sense, critical thinking is considered as the object of study and the field as the methodology to analyze it. Latin American critical thinking has gone through several stages, only the last one, identified as decolonial thinking, is what is considered to do the analysis. Excerpts from the theory of the fields used to find the objects of the game of decolonial thinking allow us to identify modernity-coloniality and knowledge-power relations as constitutive in the new stage of the Latin American thought field. The decolonial thought review exercise proves that intellectual work in Latin America to explain the reality of the region’s group of countries, known as Latin American critical thinking, forms a field in the Bourdian sense.

This article contributes to the study of legitimate authority and symbolic power in the media field by analyzing what I call the “validation repertoires” of audiences, that is, the various ways individuals combine in a single set of beliefs separate judgments of how valid or worthwhile they regard the opinions of a media worker with a specific institutionalized background. The empirical analysis focuses on cultural mediators and has three aspects: (a) mapping repertoires via latent class analysis, (b) explaining adherence to repertoires by links to positions in the field, and (c) predicting how repertoires affect the concrete use of recommendation systems. The results show that, currently, validation repertoires are mainly organized according to the degree of validation, not the degree of institutionalization; the validation of mediators appears to be multifaceted, influenced by cultural and media-related resources and generalized institutional trust; and repertoires have an impact on choice behavior.

O artigo tem o objetivo de delimitar o campo argumentativo de Direito Internacional ambiental a partir da teoria de campo proposta por Bourdieu para, então, verificar as implicações da prática argumentativa propostas por Jean D’Aspremont, com ênfase na validade social do argumento. Tal análise decorre do frequente embate entre interesses econômicos e socioambientais em sistemas de peticionamento, razão pela qual se torna relevante perquirir como se manifesta a implicação de validade do argumento de acordo com o interesse social na busca por justiça socioambiental. Com amparo na revisão bibliográfica e na análise de casos ambientais da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, primeiramente, propõe-se uma delimitação do campo jurídico-argumentativo internacional para, em seguida, evidenciar as implicações que a prática argumentativa internacional possa apresentar nesse campo. A partir das implicações destacadas, realiza-se a análise da implicação de validade social da prática argumentativa internacional ambiental, concluindo-se que tal implicação pode ser moldada, com objetivo precípuo de reafirmação discursiva do elemento de validade na arena argumentativa.

During the Second World War, Kurt Lewin was part of a wider research team commissioned by the U.S. Department of Defense to study how dietary habits of American citizens could be changed so as to avoid protein starvation due to the lengthy war efforts. Lewin’s research on food habits can be linked to his earlier studies on social fields. This paper aims to interpret Lewin’s findings on changing dietary habits by using his very own field theory approach, in order to hypothesize how the such findings can be drivers of social change, with the findings being applicable for business management settings as well. Concepts of time and space, as well as ‘simultaneity’ and ‘psychological ecology’ are brought up to discussion in order to back up the purpose of research.

Subject. The article focuses on the phenomenon of innovative potential of socio?economic actors at different hierarchical levels (macro-, meso-, micro-) through the triple interaction of university, industry and government. Objectives. We devise our own toolkit by involving elements of vector calculus and field theory so as to analyze how innovation influences the development of the above actors, and test it from perspectives of defining the innovative potential of Russia as a macroactor. Methods. The research draws upon elements of vector calculus and field theory (gradient, divergence, continuity equation), method of analogies to adapt concepts of natural sciences to economics (dividing the above actors' characteristics into structural and dynamic by their substantive comparison), regression analysis to define components of the region’s innovative potential. Results. We devise the technique for defining the innovative potential of socio-economic actors at different hierarchical levels through the lens of the triple helix University–Industry–Government. The innovative potential is represented with three elements. The proposed tool kit was tested by examining trends in Russia's innovative potential during 2010–2015. As the analysis shows, the 'University' element makes the most valuable contribution. Conclusions and Relevance. Having tested the technique, we assured not only its practical significance, flexibility of the proposed toolkit, but also a method for handling official statistics irrespective of its quality. Domestic data processing is too difficult that it shall be compensated with a transparent and concise toolkit.

Using the Beckman’s field theory of spatial economics, the flows of main products are analyzed between demand and offer, in the mining equipment market, and the segmentation of the world market is put to evidence. The data regarding the market suppliers, customers, trade intensity and average flows from published reports are used for extracting usefull conclusions.

Catholic priests who sexually abused minors were transferred to other parishes without disclosing the actual reason for their transfer. Based on reports from Ireland, Germany, and the USA, and relying on Bourdieu’s concepts of field and habitus, this article demonstrates that first, the practices of denying and withholding information even to fellow priests are consequences of the repression of sexuality within the Catholic Church. The Church has not provided a legitimate language for priests to be able to engage openly about sexuality. Sexual repression as a field structure is incorporated into the priests’ habitus, resulting in self-censorship when it comes to articulating the issue of sexual abuse. Secondly, the article accounts for the change within the Catholic field and the priest’s habitus, which has resulted in the facility to verbally express sexual matters in order that the undisclosed practice of transferring abusive priests finally stopped.

Recent studies have shed light on the masculine nature of the doxa that underpins the field of photography. Other studies have explored the patterns of inequity faced by local-foreign photographers in the Global South who straddle a transnational field of photography within which actors from the Global North and South collaborate but residual economic and symbolic power remain with agents and institutions centred in the Global North. This study draws upon and extends both these lines of inquiry through exploring the professional experiences of 20 female-identifying photographers based in 18 countries across four different geo-cultural regions in the Global South. The article discusses their experiences of marginalisation as marked by three broader themes: precarity, isolation and invisibility/partial visibility. Through this, the article highlights how the gender-based exclusions shown to be inherent in the doxa of national fields of photography may be understood to be additionally intersected by geo-cultural exclusions in what is recognised as cosmopolitan capital within the doxa of local-foreign photographic practice.

Economics has been trying to understand market functioning for a long time. However, the neoclassical approach does not satisfy the understanding of the mechanisms that operate in the construction, stabilization, and transformation of markets. For this reason, economic sociology proposes to provide subsidies from causal pluralism, rejecting explanatory theories of purely rational choices. Therefore, the use of sociological theories in the understanding of agri-food markets is also necessary. In this sense, this work aimed to compare the market for agri-food products with a geographical indication (GI) between the European Union (EU) and Mercosur, based on the performance of brands and supermarkets in both regions. For this, we used a data survey of thousands of products and respective GI registrations in the most prominent online markets of countries in both regions. We applied analyses that differentiated the economic blocs and used field theory to explain the phenomena found in the findings. The results indicated the formation of relevant bands in the GI market, a little voluminous, but capable of crossing borders, a second, with the majority of GIs found that are only commercialized locally, and a third invisible, where most products are located, which do not exist in these markets. Furthermore, supermarkets’ own brands have great relevance and are decisive in building the market.

Leadership is inherently social. Being grounded in the Lewinian framework of field theory, I am instancing the diverse understanding of social leadership: Uncertainty reduction, making choices, assuming responsibility, and contributing to an orchestral interplay between followers are important functions of social leadership. But this is not sufficient. Organizations are built by concrete agents with concrete needs and overreaching goals. These needs and goals structure the environment (personal culture) of various employees including the leader. Drawing on an empirical case from a bakery as well as on Lewinian cases from the past, I am showing how group atmosphere alone is not able to cover the full range of the follower’s reactions: Here, we need to rely on basic concepts of culture: Employees live and work in their related life spaces. Complexity arises in organizations if the goal pursuit between followers themselves is contradictory, thus if their life spaces are a barrier for each other. The leader needs to realize here that this is not a disadvantage; his role is neither to solve these contradictions nor to present a potential solution. The leader needs to emphasize the interdependence of his followers; s/he can do so by letting them experience the issues and difficulties of the social other encountered in their respective life spaces. Here, followers are getting a glimpse into the life space (personal culture) of a colleague. Such border experiences play a key role for the following democratic exchange of how two previously contradictory life spaces are turned into conciliatory ones.

From the point of view of systems and field theory, the value attached to a work of art, for example a literary text, is not only the result of the intrinsic characteristics of the text but also includes connections with institutions such as publishers, and factors like literary prizes, the value judgments of literary historians, of reviewers, and of literary critics. The current study examines the mentions of canonized Afrikaans writers in nine academic journals over the past two decades, taking into account more than 5 000 publications and more than 70 000 pages. It is shown which authors are mentioned most, but also which authors are mentioned most often together, and it is shown that authors are mostly mentioned together in the terms of genre. Although the current study represents a large study of the visibility of authors in the study of Afrikaans literature, suggestions for further research are also made.

This article explores self-censorship among journalists by drawing on Bourdieusian field theory and New Censorship Theory. The article analyses the experiences of local Crimean journalists in the period following Russia’s annexation of the peninsula, and during the rapid increase of Russian state control over local media. The analysis presented here draws on 70 biographical interviews conducted with local journalists who worked in Crimea for a period of at least 1 year between 2013 and 2017. In the first part of the article, I propose a Bourdieusian approach to self-censorship. In the second part of the article, I focus on illustrative examples of journalists who have risen to prominent positions in new post-2014 Crimean media, and detail three self-censorship practices: (1) governing ‘the other’ (a journalist engages in self-censorship only when it comes to ‘the ethnic other’: they refuse to practice self-censorship when working for Moscow-based Russian language media, but agree to self-censorship in local media targeting Crimean Tatars); (2) alerting the authorities (a journalist strikes deals with local politicians by not reporting on local infrastructural problems, instead directly asking the local government to fix them in return for favourable media coverage); and (3) self-censorship as patience (a journalist oversees positive reporting of local news and avoids negative topics as they wait patiently for Crimea’s growing pains to pass).

The article presents the results of a study of leaders’ value orientations. This study is the first stage of scientific research, which aims to assess the leadership potential of Russian entrepreneurship and draw conclusions about the personnel readiness of Russian business for the transition to a digital society. The mechanism for assessing leadership potential is established on a situational-role leadership model based on Kurt Levin’s field theory. During interviews with entrepreneurs and top managers of large companies, four basic situations in the business environment were identified, which correspond to four fundamental leadership styles. For each leadership style, hypotheses were formulated regarding the set of value orientations characteristic of a given leadership style. An empirical study of the value preferences of representatives of Russian business was carried out in 2018. A total of 117 respondents took part in the study. The survey was conducted online using the Google Forms service. The data collected was subjected to correlation analysis (Pearson method) and hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward method). In general, the results of the study confirmed hypotheses about the existence of stable correlations of basic value orientations that determine the profiles of distinguished leadership styles. The number of some identified parameter groups is small (in particular, the number of the group that has common characteristics of the innovative leadership style profile is 5 people, comprising 4% of the number of respondents), which may indicate an insufficiently accurate determination of the set of value orientations that describe this particular leadership style and the imbalance of the questionnaire itself, as well as the absence among respondents of the business elite of respondents who adhere to this leadership style. In the future, we plan to expand the research sample by conducting surveys of leaders in the NGO and social business segments, as well as conducting the second stage of the study, which includes comprehensive testing to determine the leadership style and selective in-depth interviews with respondents in order to verify the correlation between the identified leadership style and environment in which they carry out their activities.

The present exploratory article analyzes the structuring of the subfield that encompasses Sport and Leisure research groups that were accordingly registered in the “Diretorio de Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil” (DGP, “Brazilian Directory of Research Groups”, our translation) until the last day of 2016. We attempted to examine how these groups were founded, where they are located, which journals their productions were published and the affiliation of the leader groups in Post-Graduation programs. Proceeding from the quantitative information provided by DGP, the Lattes academic curricula database and the theoretical background built on the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, we attempted to analyze these elements in light of the Field Theory, so that some logical disputes, which can be found in this subarea, can be understood. We concluded that the Sport and Leisure Research Groups are closely related with the Physical Education area and are spread throughout Brazil. However, the lack of an interdependence chain between these groups jeopardize the better comprehension of how sport and leisure have been developed in Brazil.

When a person experiences a severe stroke, their relatives must assume the role of partners in the rehabilitation process. Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory, this study investigates the potential gap between the subjective expectations of relatives in terms of the assistance and care they can offer patients with severe brain injuries and the objective constraints of a healthcare field. Using data from observations, as well as interviews with relatives and official documents, this study shows how some relatives, reliant on their habitus, bring to their collaboration with healthcare professionals an expectation that the healthcare field will be able to take care of their multiple individual needs. However, due to hysteresis - a gap between their dispositions and the objective possibilities of the transformed healthcare field - these relatives are not equipped to recognise, grasp and occupy their new field position. We conclude that Bourdieu’s theoretical concept of hysteresis may help us understand how changes in the healthcare field may lead to a mismatch between the field and the habitus manifested in interactions between patients, relatives and healthcare professionals, so that the ill-adjusted habitus of relatives leads to missed chances in relation to the opportunities objectively offered by the field. When a person experiences a severe stroke, their relatives must assume the role of partners in the rehabilitation process. Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory, we investigated the potential gap between the subjective expectations of relatives in terms of the assistance and care they can offer patients with severe brain injuries and the objective constraints of a healthcare field. Using data from observations, as well as interviews with relatives and official documents, our study shows how some relatives, reliant on their habitus, bring to their collaboration with healthcare professionals an expectation that the healthcare field will be able to take care of their multiple individual needs. However, due to hysteresis – a gap between their dispositions and the objective possibilities of the transformed healthcare field – these relatives are not equipped to recognise, grasp and occupy their new field position. We conclude that Bourdieu’s theoretical concept of hysteresis may help to understand how changes in the healthcare field may lead to a mismatch between the field and the habitus manifested in interactions between patients, relatives and healthcare professionals, so that the ill-adjusted habitus of relatives leads to missed chances in relation to the opportunities objectively offered by the field.

São encontradas, notadamente na área de Pesquisa em Ensino de Física, investigações acerca das possibilidades e das dificuldades de inclusão dos tópicos de física do século XX (em diante) no Ensino Médio brasileiro. Essas investigações se dão, no entanto, em ritmo cadenciado, mormente defendendo sua necessidade e, à s vezes, propondo abordagens pontuais. Entretanto, o que a literatura também indica é que parece distante termos a física Moderna e Contemporânea (FMC) como parte significativa dos programas e currículos escolares. O presente texto intenta discutir bases teóricas de aprendizagens por meio da Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud, com o intuito de defender de maneira sistêmica a possibilidade de que os elementos histórico-filosóficos da ciência (e da física) possam deixar de figurar como contextualizadores, complementos ou adereços, para assumir uma posição de matriz estruturante de um plano de curso ou currículo, capaz de dar significado aos campos mais avançados da física. Como exemplo disso, descrevemos um produto educacional experimental (sequência didática) destinado à aplicação no Ensino Básico, com vistas a dar significado ao Eletromagnetismo pela compreensão das Equações de Maxwell por um viés histórico-fenomenológico. O presente trabalho constatou, após a aplicação da sequência didática, que um dos maiores problemas em abordar a FMC é a falta de construção de uma narrativa única, que respeite os conflitos metafísicos, ontológicos e epistemológicos desse saber. Critica-se, assim, o currículo tradicional por, em geral, segmentar os ramos da física e, assim, dificultar estruturalmente qualquer tentativa pedagógica de temas que só foram desenvolvidos originalmente pela unificação ou superação de uma visão de mundo.

The purpose of this article is to explore the frictions and potentials endemic in combining microhistorical and field theory approaches, using popular religion in England in the long fifteenth century as an example. In two case studies, concerning basic catechetical texts and the last wills and testaments created by a wide spectrum of the population, the article analyzes how micro- and macro-historical investigation can be tied together. Crucially, micro examples do not simply illustrate but rather add to our knowledge of the general picture. Where micro examples offer a corrective to a general picture there is potential for friction. However, the article also proposes that it is valuable to use Bourdieusian concepts of the cultural field to inventorize the micro evidence in the process of understanding historical situations and transitions more broadly.

© 2018 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand Despite increasing evidence that sport-for-development (SFD) programs can contribute to community development, there remains a lack of empirical inquiry into different socio-managerial aspects of SFD. For example, in attempts to achieve locally sustained SFD programs, the roles, responsibilities and potential impact of re-engaged youth need further investigation. The authors define re-engaged youth as previous program participants who have maintained strong links with the organization and who return to the program at a later stage as volunteers or staff members. In this paper, the authors examine ways in which Re-engaged youth of the Blue Dragon Children Foundation's SFD program contribute to sustainable management and indirectly to community development within a disadvantaged community setting in Hanoi, Vietnam. Following an interpretive mode of inquiry, the authors conducted and analyzed two focus groups (six participants each) and 12 in-depth interviews with re-engaged youth (n = 7) and key program stakeholders (n = 5). Overall, re-engaged youth represented key drivers for organizational success; they served as program culture experts, role models, leaders and mentors, and creators of a family feel in SFD and beyond. The authors argue that re-engaged youth are demonstrating a number of important change agent capabilities that enable them to uniquely gauge and best respond to the needs of program participants and local communities in complex sociocultural environments.

In the research area of science of Translation, it is seen that there is no commonly-held research object when the theoretical necessities of science reconsidered. Besides, translation yet is not abstracted enough to be an object, brought to an allover accepted and established scientific determination or definition (Iscen, 2002, 19). As a result of many applicable studies in which translation phenomenon3 is ignored, demand of domain is emerged by other sciences over science of Translation (Zybatow, 2002, 81; Iscen, 2002, 72; Hueber, 1997, 20). Correspondingly, many approaches that have emerged in research on translation have highlighted the main features of “imported”, in other words, adaptive theories from different sciences (Zybatow, 2004) or attempted to form a translation the or by taking all or some of features of these theories. The concept of translation which is the focus of research conducted in the field, is often overshadowed by the variables affecting it, as Prunc points out, the fact that all of these variables have been happened, it has led to the beginning of characterization of the science of translation, disciplinary and interdisciplinary with different forms of cooperation (Prunc, 2011, 343)4 . With the Field Theory put forward by James Holmes in 1972, it can be seen that even though years have passed sincethe demand for the field to be a separate discipline and a holistic approach, a jointly accepted holistic approach has not been developed yet. While in this situation, it is harshly necessary to question how much the text phenomenon, which is frequently encountered in translation studies, is considered in a translation-oriented perspective. What the science of translation needs to do is to evaluate it in its own facts and develop by a field-specific translation-oriented perspective. The extension of Christiana Nord's “Text-in-Situation” includes a concrete translation-oriented perspective, which will be discussed in this study.

Optimists contend that crowdfunding, in which project backers use online campaigns to assemble numerous small donations, can democratize access to finance, but there are legitimate concerns that this funding approach remains discriminatory. Drawing on recent readings emphasizing the geographic components of Bourdieu’s field theory, we argue the relationship between crowdfunding teams’ resources and crowdfunding success is mediated by spatial capital—the ability to draw capital from other social spaces due to geographic context. We use logistic regressions predicting success rates for 134,098 campaigns launched in the USA on the Indiegogo platform between 2009 and 2015, combined with other spatial data, to model the relationship between spatial capital and other success predictors. Our models suggest spatial context mediates the relationship between resources and success. Rural areas, in particular, have lower success rates than urban areas, and affluent areas have the highest success rates. Given that only around 10% of Indiegogo campaigns are fully funded, spatial inequalities place significant limits on who can benefit from crowdfunding campaigns, suggesting crowdfunding may not democratize access to finance, as optimists hope.

This article explores ‘downward celebrity migration’, that is, when a celebrity enters a field that is less legitimate than their field of origin. It does so by studying the case of Lucía Etxebarria, a Spanish literary celebrity who participated in a celebrity reality TV show ( Campamento de Verano (‘Summer Camp’)) in 2013. Using Bourdieu’s concepts of field and capital, this article analyses the ambiguous hierarchical position that Etxebarria occupied in the programme and how she was evaluated according to the specific rules of reality TV: authenticity, ordinariness, performance and submission to the programme’s authority. Etxebarria’s presence in the programme stirred up a heated debate about social, cultural and fame hierarchies, and she became the target of attacks that tried to undermine her symbolic capital through personal humiliation.

This article employs methods of discourse analysis and corpus linguistics within a Bourdieusian theoretical framework to examine the discursive norms and limits regulating the construction of reputation by online contemporary art magazines. Moving between quantitative and qualitative analysis of the websites of online contemporary art magazines, the article identifies salient patterns surrounding the use of modifiers and links these patterns to the normative principles of the artworld. Its findings suggest that positive evaluation is a norm but that the use of explicitly evaluative modifiers is prohibited, that artists are predominantly classified according to nationality and that these classifications can construct reputational value by performing agents’ possession of cosmopolitan capital. These findings contribute to our understanding of the discursive means by which artworld hierarchies and systems of classification are reproduced and transformed. Thus, this study aims to contribute to our understanding of the role of discourse in the artworld’s reputational economy.

Education entails conflicting perspectives about its subject matter. In the late 1980s, the conflict developed into a war between interpretive and causal paradigms. Did the confrontation result in a balance between these warring sides? We use text analysis to identify research trends in 137,024 dissertation abstracts from 1980 to 2010 and relate these to students’ academic employment outcomes. Topics associated with the interpretive approach rose in popularity, while the outcomes-oriented paradigm declined. Academic employment remained stably associated with topics in the interpretive approach, but their effect is moderated by the prestige of the students’ institutions. The relation between topic popularity and employability provides insight into field change and how the benefits of cultural shifts fall along the lines of institutional power.

This paper analyzes the circus universe, that is, the circuses and the individuals involved in the daily activities to create, maintain, and develop the circus organization, and is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. Empirically, we sought to build a qualitative and diversified corpus based on 28 circuses and 116 interviews, as well as recorded conversations, newspaper articles, and by accompanying circuses and watching performances. Particularly, the semi-structured interviews based on the “snowball” technique have the people who work, live, and roam with and in the circus as a common element. Seeking to resist stereotypes and give voice to those who create organizations, we conducted this study so that the various voices of the agents in the field are heard, which, in turn, clarifies how the circus subjects and organizations (the actual circuses) are built and intertwined. No clear domination of an agent over the other has been identified in the field. Except for the legal difficulties pointed out by smaller circuses, power relations are much more visible when it comes to staying in the field. The further the agents are from accessing the symbolic and power resources, the more they are subjected to disappearance or precarious continuity.

The frequent misuse of specialized terms by forestry students, due to the wrong assumption that they are synonymous, requires an endeavor to detect and correct inaccuracies in monolingual and bilingual lexicography for a more efficient process of learning and/or teaching L2. In this spirit, the aims of this article are to identify the denominations of the parts of a tree in Romanian and English, and to verify their equivalence in both languages. The method used to describe and examine this sector of the lexicon is the semic analysis, commonly applied in lexical field theory. The first section of the article presents a brief theoretical overview of the lexical field theory and the methodological framework. The discussion continues with the semic analysis of a number of lexemes denoting parts of a tree in Romanian, which is based on the lexicographic and terminological definitions, and ends with several observations regarding the distinction between these two types of definitions (section two). Section three is dedicated to the semantic analysis of the English equivalents of the Romanian lexemes, while the last section reveals important concluding remarks related to the similarities and differences between the two language systems. The desired final product of this research resides in its didactic applicability, more specifically in efficient methods of L1 and L2 lexical acquisition.

Recent scholarly contributions have sought to integrate Bourdieusian sociology with criminology, centring for example, on the ‘street’ field as a symbolic and narrative space occupied by players within criminal justice. This article complements this broad objective by focusing on the changes in contemporary police and security governance that are pointing towards an emerging security field. Such a change can be read from the literature on plural policing and crime control, and involves the morphology of policing into nodes or assemblages of security producers. While there has been some attention to the formation of security networks, further empirical work is required to map the field dynamics using a Bourdieusian toolkit. This article explores the concept of the security field, presents some observations from current field research and identifies some remaining questions and challenges for further conceptualization and empirical research.

This paper expands the framework of the Bourdieusian field theory using a world-system theoretical perspective to analyze the global system of social sciences, or what might be called the world-system of knowledge production. The analysis deals with the main agents of the world-system of social sciences, and it also investigates the core-like and periphery-like processes of the system. Our findings affirm that a very characteristic center-periphery structure exists in global social sciences, with a few hegemonic countries and distinctly peripheral world regions. Our analysis not just presents empirical data on power structures in global social sciences but it also offers meaningful typologies for analysis of the roles different world regions play in maintaining the world-system of global knowledge production. The paper also proposes a three-dimensional model by which both geographical and social/institutional center-periphery relations may be analyzed.

The conscious electromagnetic information (cemi) field theory proposes that the seat of consciousness is the brain’s electromagnetic (EM) field that integrates information from trillions of firing neurons. What we call free will is its output. The cemi theory also proposes that the brain has two streams. Most actions are initiated by the first non-conscious stream that is composed of neurons that are insulated from EM field influences. These non-conscious involuntary actions are thereby invisible to our EM field-located thoughts. The theory also proposes that voluntary actions are driven by neurons that receive EM field inputs and are thereby visible to our EM field-located thoughts. I review the extensive evidence for EM field/ephaptic coupling between neurons and the increasing evidence that EM fields in the brain are a cause of behaviour. I conclude by arguing that though this EM field-driven will is not free, in the sense of being acausal, it nevertheless corresponds to the very real experience of our conscious mind being in control of our voluntary actions. Will is not an illusion. It is our experience of control by our EM field-located mind. It is an immaterial, yet physical, will.

This interdisciplinary study attempts to relate corruption with the Catholic Church's role as the moral and social critics that compel believers to participate in confronting corruption and bribery. The interdisciplinarity is also the method applied in the study. It includes an exposition of the economic data of the GDP, its theological interpretation based on the story of Naboth and the king in the Old Testament, and strategic action field theory. The article begins with widespread corruption in ASEAN, then continues with a theological foundation for believers’ role as guardians of moral and social values. The Church, however, faces ritualism and religious formalism that cause faith values do not influence to eradicate corruption. Finally, by implementing the social study of Strategic Action Field (SAFs) theory, the paper proposes an anti-corruption movement as a strategic action for the Catholic Church to tackle corruption. The study found that the social study of Strategic Action Field (SAFs) theory allows the Church to develop the anti-corruption movement as the strategic action to create pastoral works to tackle corruption

This paper focuses on general intelligence, g. We first point to broadly accepted facts about g: it is robust, reliable, and sensitive to learning. We then summarize conflicting theories about its nature and development (Mutualism, Process Overlap Theory, and Dynamic Mental Field Theory) and suggest how future research may resolve their disputes. A model is proposed for g involving a core meaning-making mechanism, noetron, drawing on Alignment, Abstraction, and Cognizance, perpetually generating new mental content. Noetron develops through several levels of control: episodic ➔ attentional ➔ inferential ➔ truth ➔ epistemic control in infancy, preschool, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, respectively. Finally, we propose an agenda for future brain research, assuming a brain noetron, and artificial intelligence research, assuming an artificial noetron, that might uncover the underlying brain mechanisms of g and generate artificial general intelligence.

Resumen Este artículo busca dilucidar los intereses tanto de los actores políticos como de los agentes religiosos que han hecho posible que el Te Deum Evangélico sea parte de la cultura religiosa y política en Chile. Mediante un examen socio histórico se explica cómo los Te Deum evangélicos en Chile se convirtieron en el símbolo de la salida de cristianos no católicos a la participación política y fueron canal de legitimación y elevación de estatus de una minoría religiosa. Desde lo metodológico, el abordaje fue a partir del nuevo rol de los evangélicos a nivel público y nacional, analizado desde dos perspectivas teóricas: la desprivatización de las religiones en el mundo moderno de José Casanova y la teoría de campo religioso de Pierre Bourdieu. La primera parte, se refiere a la evolución histórico-social de los evangélicos en Chile como una minoría “invisible”; la segunda, demuestra el acercamiento entre los evangélicos y el gobierno de Pinochet a través de los Te Deum; en la tercera, se examinan las relaciones entre los organizadores de los Te Deum y como este fue legitimado por los gobiernos democráticos. Para acceder a la versión de distintos actores entre 1973-1991 acudimos a fuentes primarias como las publicaciones de la prensa escrita, visual, revista especializadas, documentos y libros. Abstract This article seeks to clarify the interests of both political and religious agents that have made possible for the Evangelical Te Deum to be part of the religious and political culture in Chile. Through a social-historical examination, it is explained how the evangelical Te Deum in Chile became the symbol of the exit of non-Catholic Christians to political participation and were a channel of legitimation and elevation of status of a religious minority. From a methodological point of view, the approach was based on the new role of evangelical people at the public and national levels, analyzed from two theoretical perspectives: the deprivatization of religions in the modern world by José Casanova and the religious field theory of Pierre Bourdieu. The first part refers to the historical-social evolution of evangelical people in Chile as an “invisible” minority; the second demonstrates the rapprochement between evangelical people and the Pinochet government through the Te Deum; in the third, the relationship between the organizers of the Te Deum and how this was legitimized by democratic governments are examined. To access the version of different actors between 1973-1991 we went to primary sources such as publications in the written, visual, specialized magazines, documents and books.

The world is currently experiencing a trend of power shifting from east to west. The raging epidemic and the continuous development of deglobalization have made the world more uncertain. The world’s original governance rules are not enough to solve real problems, and China urgently needs to improve its global governance capability.