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Bei dieser Studie wurde die antivirale Effektivität, sowie die Verträglichkeit von einem selektiven NS3/4A Protease-Inhibitor als Monotherapie und in Kombination mit Peginterferon alfa-2a über einen Behandlungszeitraum von 14 Tagen evaluiert. Bezüglich der Hepatitis unvorbehandelte Patienten mit einer Genotyp 1 Infektion wurden in unterschiedliche Therapiearme randomisiert: (i) Placebo und Peginterferon alfa-2a (n=4), (ii) Telaprevir Monotherapie (n=8) oder (iii) Telaprevir in Kombination mit Peginterferon alfa-2a (n=8). Telaprevir wurde in oraler Tablettenform mit jeweils 750 mg alle 8 Stunden verabreicht und Peginterferon alfa-2a wurde einmal wöchentlich 180 μg subkutan injiziert. Bei der Studie zeigte sich ein medianer Abfall der HCV RNA von Beginn der Therapie bis zu letztem Behandlungstag 15 von -1.09 log10 (Bereich: -2.08 log10 und -0.46 log10) in der Placebo und Peginterferon alfa-2a-Gruppe; -3.99-log10 (Bereich: -5.28 und -1.26) in der Telaprevir-Gruppe, und -5.49-log10 (Bereich: -6.54 und -4.30) in der Kombinations- Gruppe mit Telaprevir plus Peginterferon alfa-2a. Bei 4 Patienten, die mit Telaprevir und Peginterferon alfa-2a behandelt wurden, war die HCV RNA an Tag 15 nicht mehr nachweisbar und bei einem Patienten, der initial mit Telaprevir behandelt wurde. Insgesamt kam es unter der Therapie zu keinem viralen Durchbruch unter der Kombination mit Telaprevir und Peginterferon alfa-2a während der 14-tägigen Behandlung innerhalb der Studie. Die meisten Nebenwirkungen waren von milder Intensität und es kam zu keinen schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen oder vorzeitigen Therapieabbrüchen. Die Studie zeigte eine potente antivirale Wirksamkeit von Telaprevir als Monotherapie und bei der Kombination mit Peginterferon alfa-2a kam es zu einer gesteigerten antiviralen Aktivität. Bereits aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse initiierte, größere Studien werden nun evaluieren, ob Telaprevir in Kombination mit Peginterferon alfa und Ribavirin die dauerhaften antiviralen Ansprechraten verbessern kann. In the present study viral efficacy, safety and tolerability of a HCV-NS3 serine protease inhibitor alone and in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a for 14 days was evaluated. Previously untreated patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C were randomized to receive (i) placebo and peginterferon alfa-2a (n=4), (ii) telaprevir alone (n=8) or (iii) telaprevir and peginterferon alfa-2a (n=8). Telaprevir was given as 750 mg oral doses every 8 hours and peginterferon alfa-2a was given as weekly 180 μg subcutaneous injections. The median change in HCV RNA from baseline to day 15 was -1.09 log10 (range: -2.08 log10 to -0.46 log10) in the placebo and peginterferon alfa-2a group; -3.99-log10 (range: -5.28 to -1.26) in the telaprevir group, and -5.49-log10 (range: -6.54 to -4.30) in the telaprevir plus peginterferon alfa-2a group. Day 15 HCV RNA levels were undetectable in 4 patients who received telaprevir and peginterferon alfa-2a and in 1 patient who received telaprevir alone. No viral breakthrough occurred in patients who received telaprevir and peginterferon alfa-2a during the 14 days dosing period. The majority of adverse events were generally mild and there were no serious adverse events or premature discontinuations. The study showed substantial antiviral efficacy of telaprevir and showed an enhanced antiviral effect of telaprevir in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a. Ongoing larger trials will investigate, whether telaprevir, in combination with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin will improve sustained virologic response rates.

International audience; BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1, treatment with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin for 48 weeks results in rates of sustained virologic response of 40 to 50%. Telaprevir is a specific inhibitor of the HCV serine protease and could be of value in HCV treatment. METHODS: A total of 334 patients who had chronic infection with HCV genotype 1 and had not been treated previously were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments involving various combinations of telaprevir (1250 mg on day 1, then 750 mg every 8 hours), peginterferon alfa-2a (180 microg weekly), and ribavirin (dose according to body weight). The T12PR24 group (81 patients) received telaprevir, peginterferon alfa-2a, and ribavirin for 12 weeks, followed by peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 12 more weeks. The T12PR12 group (82 patients) received telaprevir, peginterferon alfa-2a, and ribavirin for 12 weeks. The T12P12 group (78 patients) received telaprevir and peginterferon alfa-2a without ribavirin for 12 weeks. The PR48 (control) group (82 patients) received peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 48 weeks. The primary end point, a sustained virologic response (an undetectable HCV RNA level 24 weeks after the end of therapy), was compared between the control group and the combined T12P12 and T12PR12 groups. RESULTS: The rate of sustained virologic response for the T12PR12 and T12P12 groups combined was 48% (77 of 160 patients), as compared with 46% (38 of 82) in the PR48 (control) group (P=0.89). The rate was 60% (49 of 82 patients) in the T12PR12 group (P=0.12 for the comparison with the PR48 group), as compared with 36% (28 of 78 patients) in the T12P12 group (P=0.003; P=0.20 for the comparison with the PR48 group). The rate was significantly higher in the T12PR24 group (69% [56 of 81 patients]) than in the PR48 group (P=0.004). The adverse events with increased frequency in the telaprevir-based groups were pruritus, rash, and anemia. CONCLUSIONS: In this phase 2 study of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who had not been treated previously, one of the three telaprevir groups had a significantly higher rate of sustained virologic response than that with standard therapy. Response rates were lowest with the regimen that did not include ribavirin. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00372385.)