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1. On the problem of modeling the boat wake climate; the Florida intracoastal waterway

Author

Forlini, C., Qayyum, R., Malej, M., Lam, M. -A. Y. -H., Shi, F., Angelini, C., and Sheremet, A.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The impact of boat traffic on the health of coastal ecosystems is a multi-scale process: from minutes (individual wakes) to days (tidal modulation of sediment transport), to seasons and years (traffic is seasonal). A considerable numerical effort, notwithstanding the value of a boat-by-boat numerical modeling approach, is questionable, because of the practical impossibility of specifying the exact type and navigation characteristics for every boat comprising the traffic at any given time. Here, we propose a statistical-mechanics description of the traffic using a joint probability density of the wake population in some characteristic parameter space. We attempt to answer two basic questions: (1) what is the relevant parameter space and (2) how should a numerical model be tested for a wake population? We describe the linear and nonlinear characteristics of wakes observed in the Florida Intracoastal Waters. Adopting provisionally a two-dimensional parameter space (depth- and length-based Froude numbers) we conduct numerical simulations using the open-source FUNWAVE-TVD Boussinesq model. The model performance is excellent for weakly-dispersive, completely specified wakes (e.g., the analytical linear wakes), and also for the range of Froude numbers observed in the field, or for large container ships generating relatively long waves. The model is challenged by the short waves generated by small, slow boats. However, simulations suggest that the problem is confined to the deeper water domain and linear evolution. Nonlinear wake shoaling, essential for modeling wake-induced sediment transport and wake impact on the environment, is described well.

Published
2020
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2. Ventilation distribution during changes in trunk inclination in ARDS patients

Author

Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Zadek, F, Forlini, C, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Langer, T, Marrazzo F., Spina S., Zadek F., Forlini C., Bassi G., Giudici R., Bellani G., Fumagalli R., Langer T., Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Zadek, F, Forlini, C, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Langer, T, Marrazzo F., Spina S., Zadek F., Forlini C., Bassi G., Giudici R., Bellani G., Fumagalli R., and Langer T.

Published
2024

3. Successful Versus Failed Transition From Controlled Ventilation to Pressure Support Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Polo Friz, M, Rezoagli, E, Safaee Fakhr, B, Florio, G, Carlesso, E, Giudici, R, Forlini, C, Tardini, F, Langer, T, Laratta, M, Casella, G, Forastieri Molinari, A, Protti, A, Cecconi, M, Cabrini, L, Biagioni, E, Berselli, A, Mirabella, L, Tonetti, T, De Robertis, E, Grieco, D, Antonelli, M, Citerio, G, Fumagalli, R, Foti, G, Zanella, A, Grasselli, G, Bellani, G, Polo Friz, Melisa, Rezoagli, Emanuele, Safaee Fakhr, Bijan, Florio, Gaetano, Carlesso, Eleonora, Giudici, Riccardo, Forlini, Clarissa, Tardini, Francesca, Langer, Thomas, Laratta, Matteo, Casella, Giampaolo, Forastieri Molinari, Andrea, Protti, Alessandro, Cecconi, Maurizio, Cabrini, Luca, Biagioni, Emanuela, Berselli, Angela, Mirabella, Lucia, Tonetti, Tommaso, De Robertis, Edoardo, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Antonelli, Massimo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Fumagalli, Roberto, Foti, Giuseppe, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Bellani, Giacomo, Polo Friz, M, Rezoagli, E, Safaee Fakhr, B, Florio, G, Carlesso, E, Giudici, R, Forlini, C, Tardini, F, Langer, T, Laratta, M, Casella, G, Forastieri Molinari, A, Protti, A, Cecconi, M, Cabrini, L, Biagioni, E, Berselli, A, Mirabella, L, Tonetti, T, De Robertis, E, Grieco, D, Antonelli, M, Citerio, G, Fumagalli, R, Foti, G, Zanella, A, Grasselli, G, Bellani, G, Polo Friz, Melisa, Rezoagli, Emanuele, Safaee Fakhr, Bijan, Florio, Gaetano, Carlesso, Eleonora, Giudici, Riccardo, Forlini, Clarissa, Tardini, Francesca, Langer, Thomas, Laratta, Matteo, Casella, Giampaolo, Forastieri Molinari, Andrea, Protti, Alessandro, Cecconi, Maurizio, Cabrini, Luca, Biagioni, Emanuela, Berselli, Angela, Mirabella, Lucia, Tonetti, Tommaso, De Robertis, Edoardo, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Antonelli, Massimo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Fumagalli, Roberto, Foti, Giuseppe, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, and Bellani, Giacomo

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: In patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure, controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) is often necessary during the acute phases of the disease. Weaning from CMV to pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a key objective when the patient’s respiratory functions improve. Limited evidence exists regarding the factors predicting a successful transition to PSV and its impact on patient outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Twenty-four Italian ICUs from February 2020 to May 2020. PATIENTS: Mechanically ventilated ICU patients with COVID-19-induced respiratory failure. INTERVENTION: The transition period from CMV to PSV was evaluated. We defined it as “failure of assisted breathing” if the patient returned to CMV within the first 72 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 1260 ICU patients screened, 514 were included. Three hundred fifty-seven patients successfully made the transition to PSV, while 157 failed. Pao2/Fio2 ratio before the transition emerged as an independent predictor of a successful shift (odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99–1.00; p = 0.003). Patients in the success group displayed a better trend in Pao2/Fio2, Paco2, plateau and peak pressure, and pH level. Subjects in the failure group exhibited higher ICU mortality (hazard ratio 2.08; 95% CI, 1.42–3.06; p < 0.001), an extended ICU length of stay (successful vs. failure 21 ± 14 vs. 27 ± 17 d; p < 0.001) and a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (19 ± 18 vs. 24 ± 17 d, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our study emphasizes that the Pao2/Fio2 ratio was the sole independent factor associated with a failed transition from CMV to PSV. The unsuccessful transition was associated with worse outcomes.

Published
2024

4. Transfusion of blood products during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a narrative review of rationale, indications, impact on immune function and outcome

Author

Siragusa A., Siragusa, A, Forlini, C, Fumagalli, B, Redaelli, S, Winterton, D, Foti, G, Giani, M, Siragusa A., Forlini C., Fumagalli B., Redaelli S., Winterton D., Foti G., Giani M., Siragusa A., Siragusa, A, Forlini, C, Fumagalli, B, Redaelli, S, Winterton, D, Foti, G, Giani, M, Siragusa A., Forlini C., Fumagalli B., Redaelli S., Winterton D., Foti G., and Giani M.

Abstract

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support poses several risks, particularly thrombosis and bleeding. As a result, transfusion of blood components is frequent during extracorporeal support. In this review we aim to describe the rationale and indications of blood products transfusions, and their impact on the immune function and outcome. The red blood cells (RBC) transfusion threshold is very debated, because of awareness of transfusion-associated adverse events due to liberal strategies. To date, no specific recommendations exist but a comprehensive physiologic approach appears feasible to evaluate the need for RBC transfusion. For patients without bleeding, the guidelines of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) suggest fresh frozen plasma (FFP) administration if the prothrombin time (PT) ratio is higher than 1.5–2.0 and/or there is significant bleeding. Conversely, for bleeding patient indications often refer to trauma guidelines, where it is recommended to use a 1:1 ratio of RBC and FFP in massive transfusion situations. The indications for antithrombin supplementation are unknown and large inhomogeneity exists between different ECMO centers and between pediatric and adult patients. Supplementation of fibrinogen is considered only for bleeding patients and/or with fibrinogen level below 100 or 150 mg/dL. ELSO guidelines suggest 25–50 IU/kg of prothrombin complex concentrate as an alternative to FFP for patients with active bleeding and a prolonged PT. Recombinant activated factor VII might be a potential therapeutic option for intractable bleeding despite conventional treatment but may cause life-threatening thrombotic complications. Platelet transfusions might be limited to cases of severe thrombocytopenia accompanied by bleeding. ELSO guidelines recommend a target of at least 80×109/L platelets. Liberal platelets transfusion thresholds may be reasonable in case of intracranial hemorrhage. Albeit rare, multiple adverse events of

Published
2022

5. PEEP titration is markedly affected by trunk inclination in mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS: a physiologic, cross‐over study

Author

Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Zadek, F, Forlini, C, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Langer, T, F. Marrazzo, S. Spina, F. Zadek, C. Forlini, G. Bassi, R. Giudici, G. Bellani, R. Fumagalli, T. Langer, Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Zadek, F, Forlini, C, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Langer, T, F. Marrazzo, S. Spina, F. Zadek, C. Forlini, G. Bassi, R. Giudici, G. Bellani, R. Fumagalli, and T. Langer

Published
2023

6. PEEP Titration Is Markedly Affected by Trunk Inclination in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 ARDS: A Physiologic, Cross-Over Study

Author

Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Zadek, F, Forlini, C, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Langer, T, Marrazzo, Francesco, Spina, Stefano, Zadek, Francesco, Forlini, Clarissa, Bassi, Gabriele, Giudici, Riccardo, Bellani, Giacomo, Fumagalli, Roberto, Langer, Thomas, Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Zadek, F, Forlini, C, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Langer, T, Marrazzo, Francesco, Spina, Stefano, Zadek, Francesco, Forlini, Clarissa, Bassi, Gabriele, Giudici, Riccardo, Bellani, Giacomo, Fumagalli, Roberto, and Langer, Thomas

Abstract

Background: Changing trunk inclination affects lung function in patients with ARDS. However, its impacts on PEEP titration remain unknown. The primary aim of this study was to assess, in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS, the effects of trunk inclination on PEEP titration. The secondary aim was to compare respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in the semi-recumbent (40° head-of-the-bed) and supine-flat (0°) positions following PEEP titration. Methods: Twelve patients were positioned both at 40° and 0° trunk inclination (randomized order). The PEEP associated with the best compromise between overdistension and collapse guided by Electrical Impedance Tomography (PEEPEIT) was set. After 30 min of controlled mechanical ventilation, data regarding respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and EIT parameters were collected. The same procedure was repeated for the other trunk inclination. Results: PEEPEIT was lower in the semi-recumbent than in the supine-flat position (8 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 2 cmH2O, p < 0.001). A semi-recumbent position with optimized PEEP resulted in higher PaO2:FiO2 (141 ± 46 vs. 196 ± 99, p = 0.02) and a lower global inhomogeneity index (46 ± 10 vs. 53 ± 11, p = 0.008). After 30 min of observation, a loss of aeration (measured by EIT) was observed only in the supine-flat position (−153 ± 162 vs. 27 ± 203 mL, p = 0.007). Conclusions: A semi-recumbent position is associated with lower PEEPEIT and results in better oxygenation, less derecruitment, and more homogenous ventilation compared to the supine-flat position.

Published
2023

7. Modulation of pulmonary blood flow in patients with acute respiratory failure

Author

Spina, S, Marrazzo, F, Morais, C, Victor, M, Forlini, C, Guarnieri, M, Bastia, L, Giudici, R, Bassi, G, Xin, Y, Cereda, M, Amato, M, Langer, T, Berra, L, Fumagalli, R, Spina, Stefano, Marrazzo, Francesco, Morais, CaioC A, Victor, Marcus, Forlini, Clarissa, Guarnieri, Marcello, Bastia, Luca, Giudici, Riccardo, Bassi, Gabriele, Xin, Yi, Cereda, Maurizio, Amato, Marcelo, Langer, Thomas, Berra, Lorenzo, Fumagalli, Roberto, Spina, S, Marrazzo, F, Morais, C, Victor, M, Forlini, C, Guarnieri, M, Bastia, L, Giudici, R, Bassi, G, Xin, Y, Cereda, M, Amato, M, Langer, T, Berra, L, Fumagalli, R, Spina, Stefano, Marrazzo, Francesco, Morais, CaioC A, Victor, Marcus, Forlini, Clarissa, Guarnieri, Marcello, Bastia, Luca, Giudici, Riccardo, Bassi, Gabriele, Xin, Yi, Cereda, Maurizio, Amato, Marcelo, Langer, Thomas, Berra, Lorenzo, and Fumagalli, Roberto

Abstract

Background: Impairment of ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) matching is a common mechanism leading to hypoxemia in patients with acute respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. While ventilation has been thoroughly investigated, little progress has been made to monitor pulmonary perfusion at the bedside and treat impaired blood distribution. The study aimed to assess real-time changes in regional pulmonary perfusion in response to a therapeutic intervention. Methods: Single-center prospective study that enrolled adult patients with ARDS caused by SARS-Cov-2 who were sedated, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. The distribution of pulmonary perfusion was assessed through electrical impedance tomography (EIT) after the injection of a 10-ml bolus of hypertonic saline. The therapeutic intervention consisted in the administration of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), as rescue therapy for refractory hypoxemia. Each patient underwent two 15-min steps at 0 and 20 ppm iNO, respectively. At each step, respiratory, gas exchange, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded, and V/Q distribution was measured, with unchanged ventilatory settings. Results: Ten 65 [56–75] years old patients with moderate (40%) and severe (60%) ARDS were studied 10 [4-20] days after intubation. Gas exchange improved at 20 ppm iNO (PaO2/FiO2 from 86 ± 16 to 110 ± 30 mmHg, p = 0.001; venous admixture from 51 ± 8 to 45 ± 7%, p = 0.0045; dead space from 29 ± 8 to 25 ± 6%, p = 0.008). The respiratory system's elastic properties and ventilation distribution were unaltered by iNO. Hemodynamics did not change after gas initiation (cardiac output 7.6 ± 1.9 vs. 7.7 ± 1.9 L/min, p = 0.66). The EIT pixel perfusion maps showed a variety of patterns of changes in pulmonary blood flow, whose increase positively correlated with PaO2/FiO2 increase (R2 = 0.50, p = 0.049). Conclusions: The assessment of lung perfusion is feasible at the bedside and blood distribution can be modulated with effects tha

Published
2023

9. Carboxyhemglobin and Drainage Pressure During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Author

Giani, M, Forlini, C, Fumagalli, B, Cristina Costa, M, Lucchini, A, Rona, R, Foti, G, Giani M., Forlini C., Fumagalli B., Cristina Costa M., Lucchini A., Rona R., Foti G., Giani, M, Forlini, C, Fumagalli, B, Cristina Costa, M, Lucchini, A, Rona, R, Foti, G, Giani M., Forlini C., Fumagalli B., Cristina Costa M., Lucchini A., Rona R., and Foti G.

Published
2021

10. Prone position in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a multi-centric study of more than 1000 patients

Author

Langer, T., Brioni, M., Guzzardella, A., Carlesso, E., Cabrini, L., Castelli, G., Dalla Corte, F., De Robertis, E., Favarato, M., Forastieri, A., Forlini, C., Girardis, M., Grieco, D. L., Mirabella, L., Noseda, V., Previtali, P., Protti, A., Rona, R., Tardini, F., Tonetti, T., Zannoni, F., Antonelli, M., Foti, G., Ranieri, M., Pesenti, A., Fumagalli, R., Grasselli, G., Berselli, A., Bove, T., Calligari, P., Coloretti, I., Coluccello, A., Costantini, E., Fanelli, V., Gagliardi, G., Longhini, F., Mariani, F., Mascarello, A., Menga, L., Ottaviani, I., Pasero, D., Pedeferri, M., Pezzi, A., Servillo, G., Severgnini, P., Spadaro, S., Zambelli, V., Langer, T., Brioni, M., Guzzardella, A., Carlesso, E., Cabrini, L., Castelli, G., Dalla Corte, F., De Robertis, E., Favarato, M., Forastieri, A., Forlini, C., Girardis, M., Grieco, D. L., Mirabella, L., Noseda, V., Previtali, P., Protti, A., Rona, R., Tardini, F., Tonetti, T., Zannoni, F., Antonelli, M., Foti, G., Ranieri, M., Pesenti, A., Fumagalli, R., Grasselli, G., Berselli, A., Bove, T., Calligari, P., Coloretti, I., Coluccello, A., Costantini, E., Fanelli, V., Gagliardi, G., Longhini, F., Mariani, F., Mascarello, A., Menga, L., Ottaviani, I., Pasero, D., Pedeferri, M., Pezzi, A., Servillo, G., Severgnini, P., Spadaro, S., Zambelli, V., Langer T., Brioni M., Guzzardella A., Carlesso E., Cabrini L., Castelli G., Dalla Corte F., De Robertis E., Favarato M., Forastieri A., Forlini C., Girardis M., Grieco D.L., Mirabella L., Noseda V., Previtali P., Protti A., Rona R., Tardini F., Tonetti T., Zannoni F., Antonelli M., Foti G., Ranieri M., Pesenti A., Fumagalli R., Grasselli G., Berselli A., Bove T., Calligari P., Coloretti I., Coluccello A., Costantini E., Fanelli V., Gagliardi G., Longhini F., Mariani F., Mascarello A., Menga L., Ottaviani I., Pasero D., Pedeferri M., Pezzi A., Servillo G., Severgnini P., Spadaro S., Zambelli V., Langer, T, Brioni, M, Guzzardella, A, Carlesso, E, Cabrini, L, Castelli, G, Dalla Corte, F, De Robertis, E, Favarato, M, Forastieri, A, Forlini, C, Girardis, M, Grieco, D, Mirabella, L, Noseda, V, Previtali, P, Protti, A, Rona, R, Tardini, F, Tonetti, T, Zannoni, F, Antonelli, M, Foti, G, Ranieri, M, Pesenti, A, Fumagalli, R, and Grasselli, G

Subjects
Male, ARDS, Supine position, medicine.medical_treatment, COVID-19, Mechanical ventilation, Prone positioning, Refractory hypoxemia, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Supine Position, 030212 general & internal medicine, education.field_of_study, Respiration, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Middle Aged, Prone position, Italy, Anesthesia, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Artificial, Female, Critical Care, Population, Ventilation/perfusion ratio, Patient Positioning, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Intensive care, Settore MED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIA, medicine, Prone Position, Humans, education, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Intubation, Respiration, Artificial, business.industry, Research, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, lcsh:RC86-88.9, medicine.disease, Respiratory failure, business
Abstract

Background Limited data are available on the use of prone position in intubated, invasively ventilated patients with Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Aim of this study is to investigate the use and effect of prone position in this population during the first 2020 pandemic wave. Methods Retrospective, multicentre, national cohort study conducted between February 24 and June 14, 2020, in 24 Italian Intensive Care Units (ICU) on adult patients needing invasive mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure caused by COVID-19. Clinical data were collected on the day of ICU admission. Information regarding the use of prone position was collected daily. Follow-up for patient outcomes was performed on July 15, 2020. The respiratory effects of the first prone position were studied in a subset of 78 patients. Patients were classified as Oxygen Responders if the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased ≥ 20 mmHg during prone position and as Carbon Dioxide Responders if the ventilatory ratio was reduced during prone position. Results Of 1057 included patients, mild, moderate and severe ARDS was present in 15, 50 and 35% of patients, respectively, and had a resulting mortality of 25, 33 and 41%. Prone position was applied in 61% of the patients. Patients placed prone had a more severe disease and died significantly more (45% vs. 33%, p 2/FiO2 ratio, while no change in respiratory system compliance or ventilatory ratio was observed. Seventy-eight % of the subset of 78 patients were Oxygen Responders. Non-Responders had a more severe respiratory failure and died more often in the ICU (65% vs. 38%, p = 0.047). Forty-seven % of patients were defined as Carbon Dioxide Responders. These patients were older and had more comorbidities; however, no difference in terms of ICU mortality was observed (51% vs. 37%, p = 0.189 for Carbon Dioxide Responders and Non-Responders, respectively). Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, prone position has been widely adopted to treat mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure. The majority of patients improved their oxygenation during prone position, most likely due to a better ventilation perfusion matching. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT04388670

Published
2021

11. Communication and visiting policies in Italian intensive care units during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave and lockdown: a nationwide survey

Author

Langer, T, Depalo, F, Forlini, C, Landini, S, Mezzetti, A, Previtali, P, Monti, G, de Toma, C, Biscardi, D, Giannini, A, Fumagalli, R, Mistraletti, G, Lissoni, B, De Martini, A, Mareto, N, Rossitto, C, Zummo, U, Taverna, M, Machieraldo, P, Navarra, M, Parlanti Garbero, M, Scaletti, C, Perno, S, Amendolia, L, Montrucchio, G, Veliaj, D, Barbarello, G, Alesci, M, Bolgiaghi, L, Vailati, D, Pezzi, A, Boselli, E, Piccoli, F, Greco, M, Gemma, M, Resta, M, Crotti, S, Bottino, N, Abruzzese, C, Savioli, M, Migliorino, G, Muttini, S, Umbrello, M, Borghi, B, Greco, S, Dizeo, M, Bottiroli, M, Mondino, M, Prosepri, M, Casella, G, Curto, F, Zaniboni, M, Giudici, R, Gentile, C, Bombino, M, Rona, R, Cortinovis, B, Benini, A, Avalli, L, Tavola, M, Ferrario, M, Preda, R, Primerano, E, Russo, G, Porta, V, Valdambrini, F, Fassini, P, Orando, S, Beck, E, Pedeferri, M, Cogliati, G, Testini, D, Moroni, B, Codeluppi, V, Ruggeri, P, Milanesi, E, Belliato, M, Besozzi, A, Riccio, M, Zerbi, S, Corbella, D, Ferri, F, Grazioli, L, Bonanomi, E, Giacomini, M, Sacchi, N, Codognola, C, Ambrosini, A, Guatteri, L, Subert, M, Castelli, G, Borelli, M, Venier, E, Dittura, L, Buttera, S, Bigai, R, Magnoni, S, Rauch, S, Colombo, A, Fullin, G, Donolato, C, Cattin, S, State, V, Redeghieri, E, Russo, A, Pastorini, S, Allena, S, Munari, M, Turchet, F, Peta, M, De Santis, V, Scala, C, Facondini, F, Marangoni, E, Tassinati, T, Zanzani, C, Russo, E, Marchio, A, Barbagallo, M, Girardis, M, Taffache, P, Mordacci, M, Vincenzi, M, Pennica, M, Bracciotti, G, Iori, P, Gambi, D, Cappellini, I, Vegnuti, L, De Luca, A, Romagnoli, S, Mosti, G, Carla, R, Roticiani, V, Pelagalli, L, Fuselli, E, D’Avino, E, De Bellis, M, Gianni, G, Leonardis, F, Rossi, M, Lorusso, R, Magnanimi, E, Martelli, S, Baisi, F, Balsamo, D, Cotticelli, V, Mattei, A, Farinelli, I, Riccini, T, Cola, L, Jorio, A, Iacobone, E, Domizi, R, Pizzi, S, Nasso, A, Graziani, R, Monaco, A, Manno, M, Ottelio, C, Del Rio, M, Serra, A, Enna, B, Loddo, F, Galbiati, R, Mellea, S, Kimberly, M, Vissani, M, Romito, F, Baccari, L, Zarrillo, N, Esposito, C, Murino, P, Notaro, S, Ausiello, C, Marra, A, Policastro, C, Cafora, C, De Benedectis, G, Di Falco, V, Sciddurlo, M, Negro, G, Vetuschi, P, Recchia, A, Pasquariello, R, Squillace, R, Ciambrone, A, Bencivenga, C, Camiolo, M, Agozzino, C, Oliveri, F, Notarrigo, T, Castiglione, G, Mo, A, Condorelli, L, Favarato, M, Langer, Thomas, Depalo, Francesca Carmela, Forlini, Clarissa, Landini, Silvia, Mezzetti, Andrea, Previtali, Paola, Monti, Gianpaola, de Toma, Carolina, Biscardi, Davide, Giannini, Alberto, Fumagalli, Roberto, Mistraletti, Giovanni, Lissoni, Barbara, De Martini, Andrea, Mareto, Nadia, Rossitto, Concetta, Zummo, Ugo, Taverna, Martina, Machieraldo, Patrizia, Navarra, Mauro, Parlanti Garbero, Massimiliano, Scaletti, Chiara, Perno, Silvia, Amendolia, Luca, Montrucchio, Giuseppe, Veliaj, Deliana, Barbarello, Giuseppe, Alesci, Maria, Bolgiaghi, Luca, Vailati, Davide, Pezzi, Angelo, Boselli, Enrico, Piccoli, Francesca, Greco, Massimiliano, Gemma, Marco, Resta, Marco, Crotti, Stefania, Bottino, Nicola, Abruzzese, Chiara, Savioli, Monica, Migliorino, Giuseppina, Muttini, Stefano, Umbrello, Michele, Borghi, Beatrice, Greco, Stefano, Dizeo, Micaela, Bottiroli, Maurizio, Mondino, Michele Giovanni, Prosepri, Manlio, Casella, Giampaolo, Curto, Francesco, Zaniboni, Matteo, Giudici, Riccardo, Gentile, Carlo, Bombino, Michela, Rona, Roberto, Cortinovis, Barbara, Benini, Annalisa, Avalli, Leonello, Tavola, Mario, Ferrario, Matteo, Preda, Roberta, Primerano, Enzo, Russo, Gianluca, Porta, Virginia, Valdambrini, Federico, Fassini, Paola, Orando, Serena, Beck, Eduardo, Pedeferri, Matteo, Cogliati, Giacomina, Testini, Denise, Moroni, Benedetta, Codeluppi, Vito, Ruggeri, Patrizia, Milanesi, Elisa, Belliato, Mirko, Besozzi, Alessandra, Riccio, Mario, Zerbi, Silvia, Corbella, Davide, Ferri, Francesco, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Bonanomi, Ezio, Giacomini, Matteo, Sacchi, Noemi, Codognola, Cristian, Ambrosini, Alessandra, Guatteri, Luca, Subert, Matteo, Castelli, Gian Paolo, Borelli, Massimo, Venier, Erica, Dittura, Loredana, Buttera, Stefania, Bigai, Roberto, Magnoni, Sandra, Rauch, Simon, Colombo, Angelo, Fullin, Giorgio, Donolato, Caterina, Cattin, Silvia, State, Veronica, Redeghieri, Enrico, Russo, Alessandro, Pastorini, Simonetta, Allena, Sandra, Munari, Marina, Turchet, Federica, Peta, Mario, De Santis, Vincenzo, Scala, Cristina, Facondini, Francesca, Marangoni, Elisabetta, Tassinati, Tania, Zanzani, Chiara, Russo, Emanuele, Marchio, Annamaria, Barbagallo, Maria, Girardis, Massimo, Taffache, Paolo, Mordacci, Marco, Vincenzi, Matteo, Pennica, Michele, Bracciotti, Giovanna, Iori, Paola, Gambi, Davide, Cappellini, Iacopo, Vegnuti, Lara, De Luca, Alessandra, Romagnoli, Stefano, Mosti, Giamila, Carla, Rossella, Roticiani, Valeria, Pelagalli, Lorella, Fuselli, Ennio, D’Avino, Emilio, De Bellis, Massimo, Gianni, Giulia, Leonardis, Francesca, Rossi, Marzia, Lorusso, Rossana, Magnanimi, Eugenia, Martelli, Sabrina, Baisi, Floriana, Balsamo, Davide, Cotticelli, Virginia, Mattei, Alessia, Farinelli, Ivano, Riccini, Teresa, Cola, Luisanna, Jorio, Antonella, Iacobone, Emanuele, Domizi, Roberta, Pizzi, Simone, Nasso, Armando, Graziani, Romano, Monaco, Anna, Manno, Manuela, Ottelio, Carla Maria, Del Rio, Michela, Serra, Antonio, Enna, Barbara, Loddo, Francesco Marco, Galbiati, Rita, Mellea, Serena, Kimberly, Michelle Brozzi, Vissani, Matteo, Romito, Francesco Massimo, Baccari, Laura, Zarrillo, Nadia, Esposito, Clelia, Murino, Patrizia, Notaro, Salvatore, Ausiello, Carmine, Marra, Annachiara, Policastro, Carmela, Cafora, Chiara, De Benedectis, Giuseppe, Di Falco, Vincenzo, Sciddurlo, Maria, Negro, Giancarlo, Vetuschi, Paolo, Recchia, Andrea, Pasquariello, Rita, Squillace, Rosalba, Ciambrone, Antonio, Bencivenga, Carmela, Camiolo, Melania, Agozzino, Cristina, Oliveri, Francesco, Notarrigo, Tiziana, Castiglione, Giacomo, Mo, Antonella, Condorelli, Laura, Favarato, Martina, Langer, T, Depalo, F, Forlini, C, Landini, S, Mezzetti, A, Previtali, P, Monti, G, de Toma, C, Biscardi, D, Giannini, A, Fumagalli, R, Mistraletti, G, Lissoni, B, De Martini, A, Mareto, N, Rossitto, C, Zummo, U, Taverna, M, Machieraldo, P, Navarra, M, Parlanti Garbero, M, Scaletti, C, Perno, S, Amendolia, L, Montrucchio, G, Veliaj, D, Barbarello, G, Alesci, M, Bolgiaghi, L, Vailati, D, Pezzi, A, Boselli, E, Piccoli, F, Greco, M, Gemma, M, Resta, M, Crotti, S, Bottino, N, Abruzzese, C, Savioli, M, Migliorino, G, Muttini, S, Umbrello, M, Borghi, B, Greco, S, Dizeo, M, Bottiroli, M, Mondino, M, Prosepri, M, Casella, G, Curto, F, Zaniboni, M, Giudici, R, Gentile, C, Bombino, M, Rona, R, Cortinovis, B, Benini, A, Avalli, L, Tavola, M, Ferrario, M, Preda, R, Primerano, E, Russo, G, Porta, V, Valdambrini, F, Fassini, P, Orando, S, Beck, E, Pedeferri, M, Cogliati, G, Testini, D, Moroni, B, Codeluppi, V, Ruggeri, P, Milanesi, E, Belliato, M, Besozzi, A, Riccio, M, Zerbi, S, Corbella, D, Ferri, F, Grazioli, L, Bonanomi, E, Giacomini, M, Sacchi, N, Codognola, C, Ambrosini, A, Guatteri, L, Subert, M, Castelli, G, Borelli, M, Venier, E, Dittura, L, Buttera, S, Bigai, R, Magnoni, S, Rauch, S, Colombo, A, Fullin, G, Donolato, C, Cattin, S, State, V, Redeghieri, E, Russo, A, Pastorini, S, Allena, S, Munari, M, Turchet, F, Peta, M, De Santis, V, Scala, C, Facondini, F, Marangoni, E, Tassinati, T, Zanzani, C, Russo, E, Marchio, A, Barbagallo, M, Girardis, M, Taffache, P, Mordacci, M, Vincenzi, M, Pennica, M, Bracciotti, G, Iori, P, Gambi, D, Cappellini, I, Vegnuti, L, De Luca, A, Romagnoli, S, Mosti, G, Carla, R, Roticiani, V, Pelagalli, L, Fuselli, E, D’Avino, E, De Bellis, M, Gianni, G, Leonardis, F, Rossi, M, Lorusso, R, Magnanimi, E, Martelli, S, Baisi, F, Balsamo, D, Cotticelli, V, Mattei, A, Farinelli, I, Riccini, T, Cola, L, Jorio, A, Iacobone, E, Domizi, R, Pizzi, S, Nasso, A, Graziani, R, Monaco, A, Manno, M, Ottelio, C, Del Rio, M, Serra, A, Enna, B, Loddo, F, Galbiati, R, Mellea, S, Kimberly, M, Vissani, M, Romito, F, Baccari, L, Zarrillo, N, Esposito, C, Murino, P, Notaro, S, Ausiello, C, Marra, A, Policastro, C, Cafora, C, De Benedectis, G, Di Falco, V, Sciddurlo, M, Negro, G, Vetuschi, P, Recchia, A, Pasquariello, R, Squillace, R, Ciambrone, A, Bencivenga, C, Camiolo, M, Agozzino, C, Oliveri, F, Notarrigo, T, Castiglione, G, Mo, A, Condorelli, L, Favarato, M, Langer, Thomas, Depalo, Francesca Carmela, Forlini, Clarissa, Landini, Silvia, Mezzetti, Andrea, Previtali, Paola, Monti, Gianpaola, de Toma, Carolina, Biscardi, Davide, Giannini, Alberto, Fumagalli, Roberto, Mistraletti, Giovanni, Lissoni, Barbara, De Martini, Andrea, Mareto, Nadia, Rossitto, Concetta, Zummo, Ugo, Taverna, Martina, Machieraldo, Patrizia, Navarra, Mauro, Parlanti Garbero, Massimiliano, Scaletti, Chiara, Perno, Silvia, Amendolia, Luca, Montrucchio, Giuseppe, Veliaj, Deliana, Barbarello, Giuseppe, Alesci, Maria, Bolgiaghi, Luca, Vailati, Davide, Pezzi, Angelo, Boselli, Enrico, Piccoli, Francesca, Greco, Massimiliano, Gemma, Marco, Resta, Marco, Crotti, Stefania, Bottino, Nicola, Abruzzese, Chiara, Savioli, Monica, Migliorino, Giuseppina, Muttini, Stefano, Umbrello, Michele, Borghi, Beatrice, Greco, Stefano, Dizeo, Micaela, Bottiroli, Maurizio, Mondino, Michele Giovanni, Prosepri, Manlio, Casella, Giampaolo, Curto, Francesco, Zaniboni, Matteo, Giudici, Riccardo, Gentile, Carlo, Bombino, Michela, Rona, Roberto, Cortinovis, Barbara, Benini, Annalisa, Avalli, Leonello, Tavola, Mario, Ferrario, Matteo, Preda, Roberta, Primerano, Enzo, Russo, Gianluca, Porta, Virginia, Valdambrini, Federico, Fassini, Paola, Orando, Serena, Beck, Eduardo, Pedeferri, Matteo, Cogliati, Giacomina, Testini, Denise, Moroni, Benedetta, Codeluppi, Vito, Ruggeri, Patrizia, Milanesi, Elisa, Belliato, Mirko, Besozzi, Alessandra, Riccio, Mario, Zerbi, Silvia, Corbella, Davide, Ferri, Francesco, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Bonanomi, Ezio, Giacomini, Matteo, Sacchi, Noemi, Codognola, Cristian, Ambrosini, Alessandra, Guatteri, Luca, Subert, Matteo, Castelli, Gian Paolo, Borelli, Massimo, Venier, Erica, Dittura, Loredana, Buttera, Stefania, Bigai, Roberto, Magnoni, Sandra, Rauch, Simon, Colombo, Angelo, Fullin, Giorgio, Donolato, Caterina, Cattin, Silvia, State, Veronica, Redeghieri, Enrico, Russo, Alessandro, Pastorini, Simonetta, Allena, Sandra, Munari, Marina, Turchet, Federica, Peta, Mario, De Santis, Vincenzo, Scala, Cristina, Facondini, Francesca, Marangoni, Elisabetta, Tassinati, Tania, Zanzani, Chiara, Russo, Emanuele, Marchio, Annamaria, Barbagallo, Maria, Girardis, Massimo, Taffache, Paolo, Mordacci, Marco, Vincenzi, Matteo, Pennica, Michele, Bracciotti, Giovanna, Iori, Paola, Gambi, Davide, Cappellini, Iacopo, Vegnuti, Lara, De Luca, Alessandra, Romagnoli, Stefano, Mosti, Giamila, Carla, Rossella, Roticiani, Valeria, Pelagalli, Lorella, Fuselli, Ennio, D’Avino, Emilio, De Bellis, Massimo, Gianni, Giulia, Leonardis, Francesca, Rossi, Marzia, Lorusso, Rossana, Magnanimi, Eugenia, Martelli, Sabrina, Baisi, Floriana, Balsamo, Davide, Cotticelli, Virginia, Mattei, Alessia, Farinelli, Ivano, Riccini, Teresa, Cola, Luisanna, Jorio, Antonella, Iacobone, Emanuele, Domizi, Roberta, Pizzi, Simone, Nasso, Armando, Graziani, Romano, Monaco, Anna, Manno, Manuela, Ottelio, Carla Maria, Del Rio, Michela, Serra, Antonio, Enna, Barbara, Loddo, Francesco Marco, Galbiati, Rita, Mellea, Serena, Kimberly, Michelle Brozzi, Vissani, Matteo, Romito, Francesco Massimo, Baccari, Laura, Zarrillo, Nadia, Esposito, Clelia, Murino, Patrizia, Notaro, Salvatore, Ausiello, Carmine, Marra, Annachiara, Policastro, Carmela, Cafora, Chiara, De Benedectis, Giuseppe, Di Falco, Vincenzo, Sciddurlo, Maria, Negro, Giancarlo, Vetuschi, Paolo, Recchia, Andrea, Pasquariello, Rita, Squillace, Rosalba, Ciambrone, Antonio, Bencivenga, Carmela, Camiolo, Melania, Agozzino, Cristina, Oliveri, Francesco, Notarrigo, Tiziana, Castiglione, Giacomo, Mo, Antonella, Condorelli, Laura, and Favarato, Martina

Abstract

Background: During the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave, an unprecedented number of patients with respiratory failure due to a new, highly contagious virus needed hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The aim of the present study was to describe the communication and visiting policies of Italian intensive care units (ICUs) during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave and national lockdown and compare these data with prepandemic conditions. Methods: A national web-based survey was conducted among 290 Italian hospitals. Each ICU (active between February 24 and May 31, 2020) was encouraged to complete an individual questionnaire inquiring the hospital/ICU structure/organization, communication/visiting habits and the role of clinical psychology prior to, and during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave. Results: Two hundred and nine ICUs from 154 hospitals (53% of the contacted hospitals) completed the survey (202 adult and 7 pediatric ICUs). Among adult ICUs, 60% were dedicated to COVID-19 patients, 21% were dedicated to patients without COVID-19 and 19% were dedicated to both categories (Mixed). A total of 11,102 adult patients were admitted to the participating ICUs during the study period and only approximately 6% of patients received at least one visit. Communication with family members was guaranteed daily through an increased use of electronic devices and was preferentially addressed to the same family member. Compared to the prepandemic period, clinical psychologists supported physicians more often regarding communication with family members. Fewer patients received at least one visit from family members in COVID and mixed-ICUs than in non-COVID ICUs, l (0 [0-6]%, 0 [0-4]% and 11 [2-25]%, respectively, p < 0.001). Habits of pediatric ICUs were less affected by the pandemic. Conclusions: Visiting policies of Italian ICUs dedicated to adult patients were markedly altered during the first COVID-19 wave. Remote communication was wi

Published
2022

12. External chest-wall compression in prolonged COVID-19 ARDS with low-compliance: a physiological study

Author

Bastia, L, Rezoagli, E, Guarnieri, M, Engelberts, D, Forlini, C, Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Post, M, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Brochard, L, Langer, T, Bastia, Luca, Rezoagli, Emanuele, Guarnieri, Marcello, Engelberts, Doreen, Forlini, Clarissa, Marrazzo, Francesco, Spina, Stefano, Bassi, Gabriele, Giudici, Riccardo, Post, Martin, Bellani, Giacomo, Fumagalli, Roberto, Brochard, Laurent J, Langer, Thomas, Bastia, L, Rezoagli, E, Guarnieri, M, Engelberts, D, Forlini, C, Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Post, M, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Brochard, L, Langer, T, Bastia, Luca, Rezoagli, Emanuele, Guarnieri, Marcello, Engelberts, Doreen, Forlini, Clarissa, Marrazzo, Francesco, Spina, Stefano, Bassi, Gabriele, Giudici, Riccardo, Post, Martin, Bellani, Giacomo, Fumagalli, Roberto, Brochard, Laurent J, and Langer, Thomas

Abstract

Background: External chest-wall compression (ECC) is sometimes used in ARDS patients despite lack of evidence. It is currently unknown whether this practice has any clinical benefit in patients with COVID-19 ARDS (C-ARDS) characterized by a respiratory system compliance (Crs) < 35 mL/cmH2O. Objectives: To test if an ECC with a 5 L-bag in low-compliance C-ARDS can lead to a reduction in driving pressure (DP) and improve gas exchange, and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Eleven patients with low-compliance C-ARDS were enrolled and underwent 4 steps: baseline, ECC for 60 min, ECC discontinuation and PEEP reduction. Respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, hemodynamics and electrical impedance tomography were recorded. Four pigs with acute ARDS were studied with ECC to understand the effect of ECC on pleural pressure gradient using pleural pressure transducers in both non-dependent and dependent lung regions. Results: Five minutes of ECC reduced DP from baseline 14.2 ± 1.3 to 12.3 ± 1.3 cmH2O (P < 0.001), explained by an improved lung compliance. Changes in DP by ECC were strongly correlated with changes in DP obtained with PEEP reduction (R2 = 0.82, P < 0.001). The initial benefit of ECC decreased over time (DP = 13.3 ± 1.5 cmH2O at 60 min, P = 0.03 vs. baseline). Gas exchange and hemodynamics were unaffected by ECC. In four pigs with lung injury, ECC led to a decrease in the pleural pressure gradient at end-inspiration [2.2 (1.1–3) vs. 3.0 (2.2–4.1) cmH2O, P = 0.035]. Conclusions: In C-ARDS patients with Crs < 35 mL/cmH2O, ECC acutely reduces DP. ECC does not improve oxygenation but it can be used as a simple tool to detect hyperinflation as it improves Crs and reduces Ppl gradient. ECC benefits seem to partially fade over time. ECC produces similar changes compared to PEEP reduction.

Published
2022

13. Correction: Communication and visiting policies in Italian intensive care units during the frst COVID-19 pandemic wave and lockdown: a nationwide survey

Author

Langer, Thomas, Langer, T, Depalo, F, Forlini, C, Landini, S, Mezzetti, A, Previtali, P, Monti, G, de Toma, C, Biscardi, D, Giannini, A, Fumagalli, R, Mistraletti, G, Langer, Thomas, Depalo, Francesca Carmela, Forlini, Clarissa, Landini, Silvia, Mezzetti, Andrea, Previtali, Paola, Monti, Gianpaola, de Toma, Carolina, Biscardi, Davide, Giannini, Alberto, Fumagalli, Roberto, Mistraletti, Giovanni, Langer, Thomas, Langer, T, Depalo, F, Forlini, C, Landini, S, Mezzetti, A, Previtali, P, Monti, G, de Toma, C, Biscardi, D, Giannini, A, Fumagalli, R, Mistraletti, G, Langer, Thomas, Depalo, Francesca Carmela, Forlini, Clarissa, Landini, Silvia, Mezzetti, Andrea, Previtali, Paola, Monti, Gianpaola, de Toma, Carolina, Biscardi, Davide, Giannini, Alberto, Fumagalli, Roberto, and Mistraletti, Giovanni

Published
2022

14. Effects of Trunk Inclination on Respiratory Mechanics in Patients with COVID-19 Associated ARDS: Let's Always Report the Angle!

Author

Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Forlini, C, Guarnieri, M, Giudici, R, Bassi, G, Bastia, L, Bottiroli, M, Fumagalli, R, Langer, T, Marrazzo, Francesco, Spina, Stefano, Forlini, Clarissa, Guarnieri, Marcello, Giudici, Riccardo, Bassi, Gabriele, Bastia, Luca, Bottiroli, Maurizio, Fumagalli, Roberto, Langer, Thomas, Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Forlini, C, Guarnieri, M, Giudici, R, Bassi, G, Bastia, L, Bottiroli, M, Fumagalli, R, Langer, T, Marrazzo, Francesco, Spina, Stefano, Forlini, Clarissa, Guarnieri, Marcello, Giudici, Riccardo, Bassi, Gabriele, Bastia, Luca, Bottiroli, Maurizio, Fumagalli, Roberto, and Langer, Thomas

Published
2022

16. Prone position in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a multi-centric study of more than 1000 patients

Author

Langer, T, Brioni, M, Guzzardella, A, Carlesso, E, Cabrini, L, Castelli, G, Dalla Corte, F, De Robertis, E, Favarato, M, Forastieri, A, Forlini, C, Girardis, M, Grieco, D, Mirabella, L, Noseda, V, Previtali, P, Protti, A, Rona, R, Tardini, F, Tonetti, T, Zannoni, F, Antonelli, M, Foti, G, Ranieri, M, Pesenti, A, Fumagalli, R, Grasselli, G, Langer, Thomas, Brioni, Matteo, Guzzardella, Amedeo, Carlesso, Eleonora, Cabrini, Luca, Castelli, Gianpaolo, Dalla Corte, Francesca, De Robertis, Edoardo, Favarato, Martina, Forastieri, Andrea, Forlini, Clarissa, Girardis, Massimo, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Mirabella, Lucia, Noseda, Valentina, Previtali, Paola, Protti, Alessandro, Rona, Roberto, Tardini, Francesca, Tonetti, Tommaso, Zannoni, Fabio, Antonelli, Massimo, Foti, Giuseppe, Ranieri, Marco, Pesenti, Antonio, Fumagalli, Roberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Langer, T, Brioni, M, Guzzardella, A, Carlesso, E, Cabrini, L, Castelli, G, Dalla Corte, F, De Robertis, E, Favarato, M, Forastieri, A, Forlini, C, Girardis, M, Grieco, D, Mirabella, L, Noseda, V, Previtali, P, Protti, A, Rona, R, Tardini, F, Tonetti, T, Zannoni, F, Antonelli, M, Foti, G, Ranieri, M, Pesenti, A, Fumagalli, R, Grasselli, G, Langer, Thomas, Brioni, Matteo, Guzzardella, Amedeo, Carlesso, Eleonora, Cabrini, Luca, Castelli, Gianpaolo, Dalla Corte, Francesca, De Robertis, Edoardo, Favarato, Martina, Forastieri, Andrea, Forlini, Clarissa, Girardis, Massimo, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Mirabella, Lucia, Noseda, Valentina, Previtali, Paola, Protti, Alessandro, Rona, Roberto, Tardini, Francesca, Tonetti, Tommaso, Zannoni, Fabio, Antonelli, Massimo, Foti, Giuseppe, Ranieri, Marco, Pesenti, Antonio, Fumagalli, Roberto, and Grasselli, Giacomo

Abstract

Background: Limited data are available on the use of prone position in intubated, invasively ventilated patients with Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Aim of this study is to investigate the use and effect of prone position in this population during the first 2020 pandemic wave. Methods: Retrospective, multicentre, national cohort study conducted between February 24 and June 14, 2020, in 24 Italian Intensive Care Units (ICU) on adult patients needing invasive mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure caused by COVID-19. Clinical data were collected on the day of ICU admission. Information regarding the use of prone position was collected daily. Follow-up for patient outcomes was performed on July 15, 2020. The respiratory effects of the first prone position were studied in a subset of 78 patients. Patients were classified as Oxygen Responders if the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased ≥ 20 mmHg during prone position and as Carbon Dioxide Responders if the ventilatory ratio was reduced during prone position. Results: Of 1057 included patients, mild, moderate and severe ARDS was present in 15, 50 and 35% of patients, respectively, and had a resulting mortality of 25, 33 and 41%. Prone position was applied in 61% of the patients. Patients placed prone had a more severe disease and died significantly more (45% vs. 33%, p < 0.001). Overall, prone position induced a significant increase in PaO2/FiO2 ratio, while no change in respiratory system compliance or ventilatory ratio was observed. Seventy-eight % of the subset of 78 patients were Oxygen Responders. Non-Responders had a more severe respiratory failure and died more often in the ICU (65% vs. 38%, p = 0.047). Forty-seven % of patients were defined as Carbon Dioxide Responders. These patients were older and had more comorbidities; however, no difference in terms of ICU mortality was observed (51% vs. 37%, p = 0.189 for Carbon Dioxide Responders and Non-Responders, respectively). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandem

Published
2021

17. Prone Positioning during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicentre Cohort Study and Propensity-matched Analysis

Author

Giani, M, Martucci, G, Madotto, F, Belliato, M, Fanelli, V, Garofalo, E, Forlini, C, Lucchini, A, Panarello, G, Bottino, N, Zanella, A, Fossi, F, Lissoni, A, Peroni, N, Brazzi, L, Bellani, G, Navalesi, P, Arcadipane, A, Pesenti, A, Foti, G, Grasselli, G, Giani, Marco, Martucci, Gennaro, Madotto, Fabiana, Belliato, Mirko, Fanelli, Vito, Garofalo, Eugenio, Forlini, Clarissa, Lucchini, Alberto, Panarello, Giovanna, Bottino, Nicola, Zanella, Alberto, Fossi, Francesca, Lissoni, Alfredo, Peroni, Nicola, Brazzi, Luca, Bellani, Giacomo, Navalesi, Paolo, Arcadipane, Antonio, Pesenti, Antonio, Foti, Giuseppe, Grasselli, Giacomo, Giani, M, Martucci, G, Madotto, F, Belliato, M, Fanelli, V, Garofalo, E, Forlini, C, Lucchini, A, Panarello, G, Bottino, N, Zanella, A, Fossi, F, Lissoni, A, Peroni, N, Brazzi, L, Bellani, G, Navalesi, P, Arcadipane, A, Pesenti, A, Foti, G, Grasselli, G, Giani, Marco, Martucci, Gennaro, Madotto, Fabiana, Belliato, Mirko, Fanelli, Vito, Garofalo, Eugenio, Forlini, Clarissa, Lucchini, Alberto, Panarello, Giovanna, Bottino, Nicola, Zanella, Alberto, Fossi, Francesca, Lissoni, Alfredo, Peroni, Nicola, Brazzi, Luca, Bellani, Giacomo, Navalesi, Paolo, Arcadipane, Antonio, Pesenti, Antonio, Foti, Giuseppe, and Grasselli, Giacomo

Abstract

Rationale: Prone positioning reduces mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To date, no evidence supports the use of prone positioning (PP) during venovenous extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO). Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and effect on oxygenation and lung mechanics of PP during ECMO. As a secondary exploratory aim, we assessed the association between PP and hospital mortality. Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study in six Italian ECMO centers, including patients managed with PP during ECMO support (prone group; four centers) and patients managed in the supine position (control group; two centers). Physiological variables were analyzed at four time points (supine before PP, start of PP, end of PP, and supine after PP). The association between PP and hospital mortality was assessed by multivariate analysis and propensity score–matching. Results: A total of 240 patients were included, with 107 in the prone group and 133 in the supine group. The median duration of the 326 pronation cycles was 15 (12–18) hours. Minor reversible complications were reported in 6% of PP maneuvers. PP improved oxygenation and reduced intrapulmonary shunt. Unadjusted hospital mortality was lower in the prone group (34 vs. 50%; P = 0.017). After adjusting for covariates, PP remained significantly associated with a reduction of hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.87). Sixty-six propensity score–matched patients were identified in each group. In this matched sample, patients who underwent pronation had higher ECMO duration (16 vs. 10 d; P = 0.0344) but lower hospital mortality (30% vs. 53%; P = 0.0241). Conclusions: PP during ECMO improved oxygenation and was associated with a reduction of hospital mortality.

Published
2021

18. Thromboelastometry, Thromboelastography, and Conventional Tests to Assess Anticoagulation During Extracorporeal Support

Author

Giani, M, Russotto, V, Pozzi, M, Forlini, C, Fornasari, C, Villa, S, Avalli, L, Rona, R, Foti, G, Giani, Marco, Russotto, Vincenzo, Pozzi, Matteo, Forlini, Clarissa, Fornasari, Chiara, Villa, Silvia, Avalli, Leonello, Rona, Roberto, Foti, Giuseppe, Giani, M, Russotto, V, Pozzi, M, Forlini, C, Fornasari, C, Villa, S, Avalli, L, Rona, R, Foti, G, Giani, Marco, Russotto, Vincenzo, Pozzi, Matteo, Forlini, Clarissa, Fornasari, Chiara, Villa, Silvia, Avalli, Leonello, Rona, Roberto, and Foti, Giuseppe

Abstract

Optimal anticoagulation monitoring in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is fundamental to avoid hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications. Besides conventional coagulation tests, there is growing interest in the use of viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHA), in particular of tromboelastography (TEG). Evidence on the use of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is lacking in this setting. The aim of the study was to evaluate ROTEM as a tool for assessing hemostasis during ECMO, by comparing it to TEG and conventional coagulation assays. We conducted a prospective, observational, single-center study on adult patients on ECMO support anticoagulated with unfractioned heparin (UFH). Kaolin reaction time (R, min) for TEG and INTEM clotting time (CT, sec) for ROTEM were analyzed and compared with conventional coagulation tests. In the study period, we included 25 patients on ECMO support (14 V-A and 11 V-V); 84 data points were available for the analysis. Median UFH infusion rate was 15 [11–18] IU/min/kg. Median values for activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ratio, Kaolin TEG R time, and INTEM CT were 1.44 [1.21–1.7], 22 [13–40] min, and 201 [183–225] sec, respectively. INTEM CT (ROTEM) showed a moderate correlation with standard coagulation tests (R2 = 0.34 and 0.3 for aPTT and activated clotting time (ACT), respectively, p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between INTEM CT and Kaolin R time (R2 = 0.01). Further studies are needed to identify an appropriate anticoagulation target for ROTEM during ECMO.

Published
2021

19. Erratum: A Neuroethics Framework for the Australian Brain Initiative (Neuron (2019) 101(3) (365–369), (S0896627319300054), (10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.004))

Author

Carter, A, Richards, LJ, Apthorp, D, Azghadi, MR, Badcock, DR, Balleine, B, Bekkers, JM, Berk, M, Bourne, JA, Bradley, AP, Breakspear, M, Brichta, A, Carter, O, Castles, A, Chakli, K, Cohen-Woods, S, Conn, SJ, Cornish, J, Cornish, K, de Zubicaray, G, Egan, GF, Enticott, PG, Fitzgibbon, BM, Forlini, C, Fornito, A, Griffiths, L, Gullifer, J, Hall, W, Halliday, G, Hannan, AJ, Harrer, S, Harvey, A, Hatherly, C, Hickie, IB, Kennett, J, Kiernan, M, Kilpatrick, T, Kiral-Kornek, I, Korgaonkar, MS, Lawrence, AJ, Leventer, R, Levy, N, Licinio, J, Lovell, N, Mackellar, G, Malcolm, L, Mason, A, Mattingley, JB, Medland, SE, Michie, PT, Nithianantharajah, J, Parker, J, Payne, JM, Poole-Warren, L, Sah, P, Sarnyai, Z, Schofield, PR, Shimoni, O, Shum, DHK, Silk, T, Slee, M, Smith, AE, Soulis, T, Sriram, S, Stuart, GJ, Tapson, J, Thompson, MB, van Schaik, A, Vincent, NA, Vissel, B, Waters, A, Carter, A, Richards, LJ, Apthorp, D, Azghadi, MR, Badcock, DR, Balleine, B, Bekkers, JM, Berk, M, Bourne, JA, Bradley, AP, Breakspear, M, Brichta, A, Carter, O, Castles, A, Chakli, K, Cohen-Woods, S, Conn, SJ, Cornish, J, Cornish, K, de Zubicaray, G, Egan, GF, Enticott, PG, Fitzgibbon, BM, Forlini, C, Fornito, A, Griffiths, L, Gullifer, J, Hall, W, Halliday, G, Hannan, AJ, Harrer, S, Harvey, A, Hatherly, C, Hickie, IB, Kennett, J, Kiernan, M, Kilpatrick, T, Kiral-Kornek, I, Korgaonkar, MS, Lawrence, AJ, Leventer, R, Levy, N, Licinio, J, Lovell, N, Mackellar, G, Malcolm, L, Mason, A, Mattingley, JB, Medland, SE, Michie, PT, Nithianantharajah, J, Parker, J, Payne, JM, Poole-Warren, L, Sah, P, Sarnyai, Z, Schofield, PR, Shimoni, O, Shum, DHK, Silk, T, Slee, M, Smith, AE, Soulis, T, Sriram, S, Stuart, GJ, Tapson, J, Thompson, MB, van Schaik, A, Vincent, NA, Vissel, B, and Waters, A

Abstract

(Neuron 101, 365–369; February 6, 2019) In the original publication of this NeuroView, the member list for the Australian Brain Alliance was omitted. This has now been corrected online. Neuron apologizes for the error.

Published
2020

20. Management of patients on direct oral anticoagulants requiring urgent orthopedic surgery: role of plasmatic drug concentration

Author

Giani, M, Forlini, C, Coccini, V, Corsi, M, Turati, M, Vitullo, V, Foti, G, Giani, Marco, Forlini, Clarissa, Coccini, Veronica, Corsi, Maurizio, Turati, Marco, Vitullo, Valeria, Foti, Giuseppe, Giani, M, Forlini, C, Coccini, V, Corsi, M, Turati, M, Vitullo, V, Foti, G, Giani, Marco, Forlini, Clarissa, Coccini, Veronica, Corsi, Maurizio, Turati, Marco, Vitullo, Valeria, and Foti, Giuseppe

Published
2020

21. A Neuroethics Framework for the Australian Brain Initiative

Author

Kennett, J, Carter, A, Bourne, JA, Hall, W, Levy, N, Mattingley, JB, Lawrence, AJ, Forlini, C, Malcolm, L, Vincent, N, Richards, LJ, Egan, GF, Breakspear, M, Cornish, K, Halliday, G, Poole-Warren, L, Sriram, S, Soulis, T, Fitzgibbon, B, Kiral-Kornek, I, Badcock, DR, Balleine, B, Bekkers, JM, Berk, M, Bradley, A, Brichta, A, Carter, O, Castles, A, Clements, J, Cornish, J, de Zubicaray, G, Enticott, PG, Fornito, A, Griffiths, L, Gullifer, J, Hannan, AJ, Harrer, S, Harvey, A, Hickie, IB, Jazwinska, L, Kiernan, M, Kilpatrick, T, Leventer, R, Licinio, J, Lovell, N, Mackellar, G, Medland, SE, Michie, PT, Nithianantharajah, J, Parker, J, Payne, JM, Rossell, S, Sah, P, Sarnyai, Z, Schofield, PR, Shum, DHK, Silk, T, Slee, M, Stuart, GJ, Tapson, J, van Schaik, A, Vissel, B, Waters, A, Apthorp, D, Cohen-Woods, S, Conn, SJ, Korgaonkar, M, Mason, A, Azghadi, MR, Shimoni, O, Smith, A, Thompson, MB, Kennett, J, Carter, A, Bourne, JA, Hall, W, Levy, N, Mattingley, JB, Lawrence, AJ, Forlini, C, Malcolm, L, Vincent, N, Richards, LJ, Egan, GF, Breakspear, M, Cornish, K, Halliday, G, Poole-Warren, L, Sriram, S, Soulis, T, Fitzgibbon, B, Kiral-Kornek, I, Badcock, DR, Balleine, B, Bekkers, JM, Berk, M, Bradley, A, Brichta, A, Carter, O, Castles, A, Clements, J, Cornish, J, de Zubicaray, G, Enticott, PG, Fornito, A, Griffiths, L, Gullifer, J, Hannan, AJ, Harrer, S, Harvey, A, Hickie, IB, Jazwinska, L, Kiernan, M, Kilpatrick, T, Leventer, R, Licinio, J, Lovell, N, Mackellar, G, Medland, SE, Michie, PT, Nithianantharajah, J, Parker, J, Payne, JM, Rossell, S, Sah, P, Sarnyai, Z, Schofield, PR, Shum, DHK, Silk, T, Slee, M, Stuart, GJ, Tapson, J, van Schaik, A, Vissel, B, Waters, A, Apthorp, D, Cohen-Woods, S, Conn, SJ, Korgaonkar, M, Mason, A, Azghadi, MR, Shimoni, O, Smith, A, and Thompson, MB

Abstract

Neuroethics is central to the Australian Brain Initiative's aim to sustain a thriving and responsible neurotechnology industry. Diverse and inclusive community and stakeholder engagement and a trans-disciplinary approach to neuroethics will be key to the success of the Australian Brain Initiative.

Published
2019

24. Researchers' perspectives on scientific and ethical issues with transcranial direct current stimulation: An international survey

Author

Riggall, K, Forlini, C, Carter, A, Hall, W, Weier, M, Partridge, B, Meinzer, M, Riggall, K, Forlini, C, Carter, A, Hall, W, Weier, M, Partridge, B, and Meinzer, M

Abstract

In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have suggested that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may enhance brain function in healthy individuals, and ameliorate cognitive and other symptoms in patients suffering from various medical conditions. This, along with its presumed safety, simplicity, and affordability, has generated great enthusiasm amongst researchers, clinicians, patient populations, and the public (including a growing "do-it-yourself" community). However, discussion about the effectiveness and ethics of tDCS thus far has been confined to small groups of tDCS researchers and bioethicists. We conducted an international online survey targeting the opinions of researchers using tDCS who were asked to rate the technique' s efficacy in different contexts. We also surveyed opinions about ethical concerns, self-enhancement and public availability. 265 complete responses were received and analyzed statistically and thematically. Our results emphasize the potential uses of tDCS in clinical and research contexts, but also highlight a number of emerging methodological and safety concerns, ethical challenges and the need for improved communication between researchers and bioethicists with regard to regulation of the device. Neither the media reputation of tDCS as a "miracle device" nor concerns expressed in recent neuroethical publications were entirely borne out in expert opinion.

Published
2015

25. Capitolo 53 'Complications of Pharmacotherapy'

Author

Forlini, M., Cavallini, Gian Maria, Campi, L., Morales Canton, V., Rossini, P., Bratu, A., Forlini, C., and Di Stefano, G.

Subjects
farmacoterapia, maculopatia senile, iniezioni intravitreali
Published
2011

31. Save the iris

Author

Forlini, C, Forlini, M, Bratu, A, Aversano, A, and Rossini, P

Subjects
ddc: 610
Published
2008

36. Performance and image enhancing drug interventions aimed at increasing knowledge among healthcare professionals (HCP): Reflections on the implementation of the Dopinglinkki e-module in the HCP workforce in Europe and Australia

Author

Atkinson, AM, Van De Ven, K, Cunningham, M, de Zeeuw, T, Hibbert, E, Forlini, C, Barkoukis, V, and Sumnall, H

Subjects
RA0421
Abstract

Background: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) provide an important point of contact through which people who use performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) could access reliable information, advice, and interventions on a range of PIEDs, their use and related harms. However, HCPs often report difficulties engaging and building rapport with people who use PIEDs, and research suggests that they often lack specialist knowledge on these substances. Providing credible evidence-based resources to support HCPs is thus important. However, educational materials in this area are generally absent and the ones that exist have not been assessed for their utility in the HCP workforce. This paper examines the acceptability and usability of a PIED e-learning module (the Dopinglinkki e-module) targeted at HCPs in three EU Member States and Australia.\ud Methods: A standardised two stage, mixed methodology was implemented. Stage 1 involved HCPs completing the e-module and completing an online survey (N = 77). Stage 2 involved conducting individual structured interviews with a subset of survey respondents (N = 37). Normalisation Process Theory and the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability were used as conceptual lenses.\ud Findings: The e-module provided information that was perceived as useful for HCPs’ current and future practice. However, several individual, organisational and societal level barriers were reported as preventing the e-module becoming an accepted and normalised aspect of the HCP workforce, including the need for up to date evidence, the time-consuming nature of completing the e-module, lack of organisational support, the use of over-complex language, and the module's potential to reinforce the stigmatisation of PIEDs.\ud Conclusion: Providing credible evidence-based resources to support HCPs’ knowledge development is important. Evidence-based and theory informed interventions are needed to equip HCPs with knowledge that can aid culturally sensitive interactions and effective engagement with people who use PIEDs. Reflecting on our study findings, it is important that the development of interventions should include the voices of both HCP and those using PIEDs, and that careful consideration is given to the various factors that may act as a barrier to effective implementation.

37. Disagreements with implications: diverging discourses on the ethics of non-medical use of methylphenidate for performance enhancement

Author

Racine Eric and Forlini Cynthia

Subjects
Medical philosophy. Medical ethics, R723-726
Abstract

Abstract Background There is substantial evidence that methylphenidate (MPH; Ritalin), is being used by healthy university students for non-medical motives such as the improvement of concentration, alertness, and academic performance. The scope and potential consequences of the non-medical use of MPH upon healthcare and society bring about many points of view. Methods To gain insight into key ethical and social issues on the non-medical use of MPH, we examined discourses in the print media, bioethics literature, and public health literature. Results Our study identified three diverging paradigms with varying perspectives on the nature of performance enhancement. The beneficial effects of MPH on normal cognition were generally portrayed enthusiastically in the print media and bioethics discourses but supported by scant information on associated risks. Overall, we found a variety of perspectives regarding ethical, legal and social issues related to the non-medical use of MPH for performance enhancement and its impact upon social practices and institutions. The exception to this was public health discourse which took a strong stance against the non-medical use of MPH typically viewed as a form of prescription abuse or misuse. Wide-ranging recommendations for prevention of further non-medical use of MPH included legislation and increased public education. Conclusion Some positive portrayals of the non-medical use of MPH for performance enhancement in the print media and bioethics discourses could entice further uses. Medicine and society need to prepare for more prevalent non-medical uses of neuropharmaceuticals by fostering better informed public debates.

Published
2009
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38. Prone Positioning during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Multicenter Cohort Study and Propensity-matched Analysis

Author

Fabiana Madotto, Antonio Arcadipane, Marco Giani, Alfredo Lissoni, Mirko Belliato, Antonio Pesenti, Alberto Lucchini, Giacomo Bellani, Luca Brazzi, Giuseppe Foti, Nicola Bottino, Giacomo Grasselli, Clarissa Forlini, Francesca Fossi, Eugenio Garofalo, Paolo Navalesi, Nicola Peroni, Gennaro Martucci, Giovanna Panarello, Vito Fanelli, Alberto Zanella, Giani, M, Martucci, G, Madotto, F, Belliato, M, Fanelli, V, Garofalo, E, Forlini, C, Lucchini, A, Panarello, G, Bottino, N, Zanella, A, Fossi, F, Lissoni, A, Peroni, N, Brazzi, L, Bellani, G, Navalesi, P, Arcadipane, A, Pesenti, A, Foti, G, and Grasselli, G

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, ARDS, medicine.medical_treatment, Prone positioning, Acute respiratory distress, Extracorporeal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, business.industry, Oxygenation, medicine.disease, Prone position, surgical procedures, operative, 030228 respiratory system, Emergency medicine, Propensity score matching, ECMO, business, psychological phenomena and processes, Cohort study
Abstract

Rationale: Prone positioning reduces mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To date, no evidence supports the use of prone positioning (PP) during venovenous extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO). Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and effect on oxygenation and lung mechanics of PP during ECMO. As a secondary exploratory aim, we assessed the association between PP and hospital mortality. Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study in six Italian ECMO centers, including patients managed with PP during ECMO support (prone group; four centers) and patients managed in the supine position (control group; two centers). Physiological variables were analyzed at four time points (supine before PP, start of PP, end of PP, and supine after PP). The association between PP and hospital mortality was assessed by multivariate analysis and propensity score–matching. Results: A total of 240 patients were included, with 107 in the prone group and 133 in the supine group. The median duration of the 326 pronation cycles was 15 (12–18) hours. Minor reversible complications were reported in 6% of PP maneuvers. PP improved oxygenation and reduced intrapulmonary shunt. Unadjusted hospital mortality was lower in the prone group (34 vs. 50%; P = 0.017). After adjusting for covariates, PP remained significantly associated with a reduction of hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.87). Sixty-six propensity score–matched patients were identified in each group. In this matched sample, patients who underwent pronation had higher ECMO duration (16 vs. 10 d; P = 0.0344) but lower hospital mortality (30% vs. 53%; P = 0.0241). Conclusions: PP during ECMO improved oxygenation and was associated with a reduction of hospital mortality.

Published
2021
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39. Communication and visiting policies in Italian intensive care units during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave and lockdown: a nationwide survey

Author

Langer, Thomas, Depalo, Francesca Carmela, Forlini, Clarissa, Landini, Silvia, Mezzetti, Andrea, Previtali, Paola, Monti, Gianpaola, de Toma, Carolina, Biscardi, Davide, Giannini, Alberto, Fumagalli, Roberto, Mistraletti, Giovanni, Lissoni, Barbara, De Martini, Andrea, Mareto, Nadia, Rossitto, Concetta, Zummo, Ugo, Taverna, Martina, Machieraldo, Patrizia, Navarra, Mauro, Parlanti Garbero, Massimiliano, Scaletti, Chiara, Perno, Silvia, Amendolia, Luca, Montrucchio, Giuseppe, Veliaj, Deliana, Barbarello, Giuseppe, Alesci, Maria, Bolgiaghi, Luca, Vailati, Davide, Pezzi, Angelo, Boselli, Enrico, Piccoli, Francesca, Greco, Massimiliano, Gemma, Marco, Resta, Marco, Crotti, Stefania, Bottino, Nicola, Abruzzese, Chiara, Savioli, Monica, Migliorino, Giuseppina, Muttini, Stefano, Umbrello, Michele, Borghi, Beatrice, Greco, Stefano, Dizeo, Micaela, Bottiroli, Maurizio, Mondino, Michele Giovanni, Prosepri, Manlio, Casella, Giampaolo, Curto, Francesco, Zaniboni, Matteo, Giudici, Riccardo, Gentile, Carlo, Bombino, Michela, Rona, Roberto, Cortinovis, Barbara, Benini, Annalisa, Avalli, Leonello, Tavola, Mario, Ferrario, Matteo, Preda, Roberta, Primerano, Enzo, Russo, Gianluca, Porta, Virginia, Valdambrini, Federico, Fassini, Paola, Orando, Serena, Beck, Eduardo, Pedeferri, Matteo, Cogliati, Giacomina, Testini, Denise, Moroni, Benedetta, Codeluppi, Vito, Ruggeri, Patrizia, Milanesi, Elisa, Belliato, Mirko, Besozzi, Alessandra, Riccio, Mario, Zerbi, Silvia, Corbella, Davide, Ferri, Francesco, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Bonanomi, Ezio, Giacomini, Matteo, Sacchi, Noemi, Codognola, Cristian, Ambrosini, Alessandra, Guatteri, Luca, Subert, Matteo, Castelli, Gian Paolo, Borelli, Massimo, Venier, Erica, Dittura, Loredana, Buttera, Stefania, Bigai, Roberto, Magnoni, Sandra, Rauch, Simon, Colombo, Angelo, Fullin, Giorgio, Donolato, Caterina, Cattin, Silvia, State, Veronica, Redeghieri, Enrico, Russo, Alessandro, Pastorini, Simonetta, Allena, Sandra, Munari, Marina, Turchet, Federica, Peta, Mario, De Santis, Vincenzo, Scala, Cristina, Facondini, Francesca, Marangoni, Elisabetta, Tassinati, Tania, Zanzani, Chiara, Russo, Emanuele, Marchio, Annamaria, Barbagallo, Maria, Girardis, Massimo, Taffache, Paolo, Mordacci, Marco, Vincenzi, Matteo, Pennica, Michele, Bracciotti, Giovanna, Iori, Paola, Gambi, Davide, Cappellini, Iacopo, Vegnuti, Lara, De Luca, Alessandra, Romagnoli, Stefano, Mosti, Giamila, Carla, Rossella, Roticiani, Valeria, Pelagalli, Lorella, Fuselli, Ennio, D’Avino, Emilio, De Bellis, Massimo, Gianni, Giulia, Leonardis, Francesca, Rossi, Marzia, Lorusso, Rossana, Magnanimi, Eugenia, Martelli, Sabrina, Baisi, Floriana, Balsamo, Davide, Cotticelli, Virginia, Mattei, Alessia, Farinelli, Ivano, Riccini, Teresa, Cola, Luisanna, Jorio, Antonella, Iacobone, Emanuele, Domizi, Roberta, Pizzi, Simone, Nasso, Armando, Graziani, Romano, Monaco, Anna, Manno, Manuela, Ottelio, Carla Maria, Del Rio, Michela, Serra, Antonio, Enna, Barbara, Loddo, Francesco Marco, Galbiati, Rita, Mellea, Serena, Kimberly, Michelle Brozzi, Vissani, Matteo, Romito, Francesco Massimo, Baccari, Laura, Zarrillo, Nadia, Esposito, Clelia, Murino, Patrizia, Notaro, Salvatore, Ausiello, Carmine, Marra, Annachiara, Policastro, Carmela, Cafora, Chiara, De Benedectis, Giuseppe, Di Falco, Vincenzo, Sciddurlo, Maria, Negro, Giancarlo, Vetuschi, Paolo, Recchia, Andrea, Pasquariello, Rita, Squillace, Rosalba, Ciambrone, Antonio, Bencivenga, Carmela, Camiolo, Melania, Agozzino, Cristina, Oliveri, Francesco, Notarrigo, Tiziana, Castiglione, Giacomo, Mo, Antonella, Condorelli, Laura, Favarato, Martina, Langer, T, Depalo, F, Forlini, C, Landini, S, Mezzetti, A, Previtali, P, Monti, G, de Toma, C, Biscardi, D, Giannini, A, Fumagalli, R, Mistraletti, G, Lissoni, B, De Martini, A, Mareto, N, Rossitto, C, Zummo, U, Taverna, M, Machieraldo, P, Navarra, M, Parlanti Garbero, M, Scaletti, C, Perno, S, Amendolia, L, Montrucchio, G, Veliaj, D, Barbarello, G, Alesci, M, Bolgiaghi, L, Vailati, D, Pezzi, A, Boselli, E, Piccoli, F, Greco, M, Gemma, M, Resta, M, Crotti, S, Bottino, N, Abruzzese, C, Savioli, M, Migliorino, G, Muttini, S, Umbrello, M, Borghi, B, Greco, S, Dizeo, M, Bottiroli, M, Mondino, M, Prosepri, M, Casella, G, Curto, F, Zaniboni, M, Giudici, R, Gentile, C, Bombino, M, Rona, R, Cortinovis, B, Benini, A, Avalli, L, Tavola, M, Ferrario, M, Preda, R, Primerano, E, Russo, G, Porta, V, Valdambrini, F, Fassini, P, Orando, S, Beck, E, Pedeferri, M, Cogliati, G, Testini, D, Moroni, B, Codeluppi, V, Ruggeri, P, Milanesi, E, Belliato, M, Besozzi, A, Riccio, M, Zerbi, S, Corbella, D, Ferri, F, Grazioli, L, Bonanomi, E, Giacomini, M, Sacchi, N, Codognola, C, Ambrosini, A, Guatteri, L, Subert, M, Castelli, G, Borelli, M, Venier, E, Dittura, L, Buttera, S, Bigai, R, Magnoni, S, Rauch, S, Colombo, A, Fullin, G, Donolato, C, Cattin, S, State, V, Redeghieri, E, Russo, A, Pastorini, S, Allena, S, Munari, M, Turchet, F, Peta, M, De Santis, V, Scala, C, Facondini, F, Marangoni, E, Tassinati, T, Zanzani, C, Russo, E, Marchio, A, Barbagallo, M, Girardis, M, Taffache, P, Mordacci, M, Vincenzi, M, Pennica, M, Bracciotti, G, Iori, P, Gambi, D, Cappellini, I, Vegnuti, L, De Luca, A, Romagnoli, S, Mosti, G, Carla, R, Roticiani, V, Pelagalli, L, Fuselli, E, D’Avino, E, De Bellis, M, Gianni, G, Leonardis, F, Rossi, M, Lorusso, R, Magnanimi, E, Martelli, S, Baisi, F, Balsamo, D, Cotticelli, V, Mattei, A, Farinelli, I, Riccini, T, Cola, L, Jorio, A, Iacobone, E, Domizi, R, Pizzi, S, Nasso, A, Graziani, R, Monaco, A, Manno, M, Ottelio, C, Del Rio, M, Serra, A, Enna, B, Loddo, F, Galbiati, R, Mellea, S, Kimberly, M, Vissani, M, Romito, F, Baccari, L, Zarrillo, N, Esposito, C, Murino, P, Notaro, S, Ausiello, C, Marra, A, Policastro, C, Cafora, C, De Benedectis, G, Di Falco, V, Sciddurlo, M, Negro, G, Vetuschi, P, Recchia, A, Pasquariello, R, Squillace, R, Ciambrone, A, Bencivenga, C, Camiolo, M, Agozzino, C, Oliveri, F, Notarrigo, T, Castiglione, G, Mo, A, Condorelli, L, and Favarato, M

Subjects
Adult, Pandemic, Patient-centered care, Communication, COVID-19, Professional-family relations, Intensive Care Units, Policy, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Health communication, Professional-family relation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Communicable Disease Control, Intensive care units, Pandemics, Humans, Intensive care unit, Child
Abstract

Background During the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave, an unprecedented number of patients with respiratory failure due to a new, highly contagious virus needed hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The aim of the present study was to describe the communication and visiting policies of Italian intensive care units (ICUs) during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave and national lockdown and compare these data with prepandemic conditions. Methods A national web-based survey was conducted among 290 Italian hospitals. Each ICU (active between February 24 and May 31, 2020) was encouraged to complete an individual questionnaire inquiring the hospital/ICU structure/organization, communication/visiting habits and the role of clinical psychology prior to, and during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave. Results Two hundred and nine ICUs from 154 hospitals (53% of the contacted hospitals) completed the survey (202 adult and 7 pediatric ICUs). Among adult ICUs, 60% were dedicated to COVID-19 patients, 21% were dedicated to patients without COVID-19 and 19% were dedicated to both categories (Mixed). A total of 11,102 adult patients were admitted to the participating ICUs during the study period and only approximately 6% of patients received at least one visit. Communication with family members was guaranteed daily through an increased use of electronic devices and was preferentially addressed to the same family member. Compared to the prepandemic period, clinical psychologists supported physicians more often regarding communication with family members. Fewer patients received at least one visit from family members in COVID and mixed-ICUs than in non-COVID ICUs, l (0 [0–6]%, 0 [0–4]% and 11 [2–25]%, respectively, p Conclusions Visiting policies of Italian ICUs dedicated to adult patients were markedly altered during the first COVID-19 wave. Remote communication was widely adopted as a surrogate for family meetings. New strategies to favor a family-centered approach during the current and future pandemics are warranted.

Published
2022
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40. External chest-wall compression in prolonged COVID-19 ARDS with low-compliance: a physiological study

Author

Luca Bastia, Emanuele Rezoagli, Marcello Guarnieri, Doreen Engelberts, Clarissa Forlini, Francesco Marrazzo, Stefano Spina, Gabriele Bassi, Riccardo Giudici, Martin Post, Giacomo Bellani, Roberto Fumagalli, Laurent J. Brochard, Thomas Langer, Bastia, L, Rezoagli, E, Guarnieri, M, Engelberts, D, Forlini, C, Marrazzo, F, Spina, S, Bassi, G, Giudici, R, Post, M, Bellani, G, Fumagalli, R, Brochard, L, and Langer, T

Subjects
Ventilator-induced lung injury, Mechanical ventilation, ARDS, Chest-wall compression, COVID-19, Driving pressure, Gas exchange, Respiratory mechanics, Respiratory mechanic, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Abstract

Background External chest-wall compression (ECC) is sometimes used in ARDS patients despite lack of evidence. It is currently unknown whether this practice has any clinical benefit in patients with COVID-19 ARDS (C-ARDS) characterized by a respiratory system compliance (Crs) 2O. Objectives To test if an ECC with a 5 L-bag in low-compliance C-ARDS can lead to a reduction in driving pressure (DP) and improve gas exchange, and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Methods Eleven patients with low-compliance C-ARDS were enrolled and underwent 4 steps: baseline, ECC for 60 min, ECC discontinuation and PEEP reduction. Respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, hemodynamics and electrical impedance tomography were recorded. Four pigs with acute ARDS were studied with ECC to understand the effect of ECC on pleural pressure gradient using pleural pressure transducers in both non-dependent and dependent lung regions. Results Five minutes of ECC reduced DP from baseline 14.2 ± 1.3 to 12.3 ± 1.3 cmH2O (P R2 = 0.82, P 2O at 60 min, P = 0.03 vs. baseline). Gas exchange and hemodynamics were unaffected by ECC. In four pigs with lung injury, ECC led to a decrease in the pleural pressure gradient at end-inspiration [2.2 (1.1–3) vs. 3.0 (2.2–4.1) cmH2O, P = 0.035]. Conclusions In C-ARDS patients with Crs 2O, ECC acutely reduces DP. ECC does not improve oxygenation but it can be used as a simple tool to detect hyperinflation as it improves Crs and reduces Ppl gradient. ECC benefits seem to partially fade over time. ECC produces similar changes compared to PEEP reduction.

Published
2021

41. Carboxyhemglobin and Drainage Pressure During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Author

Marco Giani, Alberto Lucchini, Roberto Rona, Giuseppe Foti, Benedetta Fumagalli, Maria Cristina Costa, Clarissa Forlini, Giani, M, Forlini, C, Fumagalli, B, Cristina Costa, M, Lucchini, A, Rona, R, and Foti, G

Subjects
Carboxyhemglobin, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Bioengineering, General Medicine, Cannula, Biomaterials, Anesthesia, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Medicine, ECMO, Drainage, business
Published
2021
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42. Successful Versus Failed Transition From Controlled Ventilation to Pressure Support Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Author

Polo Friz M, Rezoagli E, Safaee Fakhr B, Florio G, Carlesso E, Giudici R, Forlini C, Tardini F, Langer T, Laratta M, Casella G, Forastieri Molinari A, Protti A, Cecconi M, Cabrini L, Biagioni E, Berselli A, Mirabella L, Tonetti T, De Robertis E, Grieco DL, Antonelli M, Citerio G, Fumagalli R, Foti G, Zanella A, Grasselli G, and Bellani G

Abstract

Objectives: In patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure, controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) is often necessary during the acute phases of the disease. Weaning from CMV to pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a key objective when the patient's respiratory functions improve. Limited evidence exists regarding the factors predicting a successful transition to PSV and its impact on patient outcomes., Design: Retrospective observational cohort study., Setting: Twenty-four Italian ICUs from February 2020 to May 2020., Patients: Mechanically ventilated ICU patients with COVID-19-induced respiratory failure., Intervention: The transition period from CMV to PSV was evaluated. We defined it as "failure of assisted breathing" if the patient returned to CMV within the first 72 hours., Measurements and Main Results: Of 1260 ICU patients screened, 514 were included. Three hundred fifty-seven patients successfully made the transition to PSV, while 157 failed. Pao 2 /Fio 2 ratio before the transition emerged as an independent predictor of a successful shift (odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00; p = 0.003). Patients in the success group displayed a better trend in Pao 2 /Fio 2 , Paco 2 , plateau and peak pressure, and pH level. Subjects in the failure group exhibited higher ICU mortality (hazard ratio 2.08; 95% CI, 1.42-3.06; p < 0.001), an extended ICU length of stay (successful vs. failure 21 ± 14 vs. 27 ± 17 d; p < 0.001) and a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (19 ± 18 vs. 24 ± 17 d, p = 0.04)., Conclusions: Our study emphasizes that the Pao 2 /Fio 2 ratio was the sole independent factor associated with a failed transition from CMV to PSV. The unsuccessful transition was associated with worse outcomes., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.)

Published
2024
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43. PEEP Titration Is Markedly Affected by Trunk Inclination in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 ARDS: A Physiologic, Cross-Over Study.

Author

Marrazzo F, Spina S, Zadek F, Forlini C, Bassi G, Giudici R, Bellani G, Fumagalli R, and Langer T

Abstract

Background: Changing trunk inclination affects lung function in patients with ARDS. However, its impacts on PEEP titration remain unknown. The primary aim of this study was to assess, in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS, the effects of trunk inclination on PEEP titration. The secondary aim was to compare respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in the semi-recumbent (40° head-of-the-bed) and supine-flat (0°) positions following PEEP titration., Methods: Twelve patients were positioned both at 40° and 0° trunk inclination (randomized order). The PEEP associated with the best compromise between overdistension and collapse guided by Electrical Impedance Tomography (PEEP EIT ) was set. After 30 min of controlled mechanical ventilation, data regarding respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and EIT parameters were collected. The same procedure was repeated for the other trunk inclination., Results: PEEP EIT was lower in the semi-recumbent than in the supine-flat position (8 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 2 cmH 2 O, p < 0.001). A semi-recumbent position with optimized PEEP resulted in higher PaO 2 :FiO 2 (141 ± 46 vs. 196 ± 99, p = 0.02) and a lower global inhomogeneity index (46 ± 10 vs. 53 ± 11, p = 0.008). After 30 min of observation, a loss of aeration (measured by EIT) was observed only in the supine-flat position (-153 ± 162 vs. 27 ± 203 mL, p = 0.007)., Conclusions: A semi-recumbent position is associated with lower PEEP EIT and results in better oxygenation, less derecruitment, and more homogenous ventilation compared to the supine-flat position.

Published
2023
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45. External chest-wall compression in prolonged COVID-19 ARDS with low-compliance: a physiological study.

Author

Bastia L, Rezoagli E, Guarnieri M, Engelberts D, Forlini C, Marrazzo F, Spina S, Bassi G, Giudici R, Post M, Bellani G, Fumagalli R, Brochard LJ, and Langer T

Abstract

Background: External chest-wall compression (ECC) is sometimes used in ARDS patients despite lack of evidence. It is currently unknown whether this practice has any clinical benefit in patients with COVID-19 ARDS (C-ARDS) characterized by a respiratory system compliance (C rs ) < 35 mL/cmH 2 O., Objectives: To test if an ECC with a 5 L-bag in low-compliance C-ARDS can lead to a reduction in driving pressure (DP) and improve gas exchange, and to understand the underlying mechanisms., Methods: Eleven patients with low-compliance C-ARDS were enrolled and underwent 4 steps: baseline, ECC for 60 min, ECC discontinuation and PEEP reduction. Respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, hemodynamics and electrical impedance tomography were recorded. Four pigs with acute ARDS were studied with ECC to understand the effect of ECC on pleural pressure gradient using pleural pressure transducers in both non-dependent and dependent lung regions., Results: Five minutes of ECC reduced DP from baseline 14.2 ± 1.3 to 12.3 ± 1.3 cmH 2 O (P < 0.001), explained by an improved lung compliance. Changes in DP by ECC were strongly correlated with changes in DP obtained with PEEP reduction (R 2  = 0.82, P < 0.001). The initial benefit of ECC decreased over time (DP = 13.3 ± 1.5 cmH 2 O at 60 min, P = 0.03 vs. baseline). Gas exchange and hemodynamics were unaffected by ECC. In four pigs with lung injury, ECC led to a decrease in the pleural pressure gradient at end-inspiration [2.2 (1.1-3) vs. 3.0 (2.2-4.1) cmH 2 O, P = 0.035]., Conclusions: In C-ARDS patients with C rs  < 35 mL/cmH 2 O, ECC acutely reduces DP. ECC does not improve oxygenation but it can be used as a simple tool to detect hyperinflation as it improves C rs and reduces P pl gradient. ECC benefits seem to partially fade over time. ECC produces similar changes compared to PEEP reduction., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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46. A scoping review of the perceptions of death in the context of organ donation and transplantation.

Author

Skowronski G, Ramnani A, Walton-Sonda D, Forlini C, O'Leary MJ, O'Reilly L, Sheahan L, Stewart C, and Kerridge I

Subjects
Brain Death, Humans, Prospective Studies, Tissue Donors, Organ Transplantation, Tissue and Organ Procurement
Abstract

Background: Socio-cultural perceptions surrounding death have profoundly changed since the 1950s with development of modern intensive care and progress in solid organ transplantation. Despite broad support for organ transplantation, many fundamental concepts and practices including brain death, organ donation after circulatory death, and some antemortem interventions to prepare for transplantation continue to be challenged. Attitudes toward the ethical issues surrounding death and organ donation may influence support for and participation in organ donation but differences between and among diverse populations have not been studied., Objectives: In order to clarify attitudes toward brain death, organ donation after circulatory death and antemortem interventions in the context of organ donation, we conducted a scoping review of international English-language quantitative surveys in various populations., Study Appraisal: A search of literature up to October 2020 was performed, using multiple databases. After screening, 45 studies were found to meet pre-specified inclusion criteria., Results: 32 studies examined attitudes to brain death, predominantly in healthcare professionals. In most, around 75% of respondents accepted brain death as equivalent to death of the person. Less common perspectives included equating death with irreversible coma and willingness to undertake organ donation even if it caused death. 14 studies examined attitudes to organ donation following circulatory death. Around half of respondents in most studies accepted that death could be confidently diagnosed after only 5 min of cardiorespiratory arrest. The predominant reason was lack of confidence in doctors or diagnostic procedures. Only 6 studies examined attitudes towards antemortem interventions in prospective organ donors. Most respondents supported minimally invasive procedures and only where specific consent was obtained., Conclusions: Our review suggests a considerable proportion of people, including healthcare professionals, have doubts about the medical and ethical validity of modern determinations of death. The prognosis of brain injury was a more common concern in the context of organ donation decision-making than certainty of death., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2021
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47. Prone position in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a multi-centric study of more than 1000 patients.

Author

Langer T, Brioni M, Guzzardella A, Carlesso E, Cabrini L, Castelli G, Dalla Corte F, De Robertis E, Favarato M, Forastieri A, Forlini C, Girardis M, Grieco DL, Mirabella L, Noseda V, Previtali P, Protti A, Rona R, Tardini F, Tonetti T, Zannoni F, Antonelli M, Foti G, Ranieri M, Pesenti A, Fumagalli R, and Grasselli G

Subjects
Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Retrospective Studies, COVID-19 therapy, Critical Care standards, Intubation standards, Patient Positioning standards, Prone Position, Respiration, Artificial standards, Supine Position
Abstract

Background: Limited data are available on the use of prone position in intubated, invasively ventilated patients with Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Aim of this study is to investigate the use and effect of prone position in this population during the first 2020 pandemic wave., Methods: Retrospective, multicentre, national cohort study conducted between February 24 and June 14, 2020, in 24 Italian Intensive Care Units (ICU) on adult patients needing invasive mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure caused by COVID-19. Clinical data were collected on the day of ICU admission. Information regarding the use of prone position was collected daily. Follow-up for patient outcomes was performed on July 15, 2020. The respiratory effects of the first prone position were studied in a subset of 78 patients. Patients were classified as Oxygen Responders if the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio increased ≥ 20 mmHg during prone position and as Carbon Dioxide Responders if the ventilatory ratio was reduced during prone position., Results: Of 1057 included patients, mild, moderate and severe ARDS was present in 15, 50 and 35% of patients, respectively, and had a resulting mortality of 25, 33 and 41%. Prone position was applied in 61% of the patients. Patients placed prone had a more severe disease and died significantly more (45% vs. 33%, p < 0.001). Overall, prone position induced a significant increase in PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, while no change in respiratory system compliance or ventilatory ratio was observed. Seventy-eight % of the subset of 78 patients were Oxygen Responders. Non-Responders had a more severe respiratory failure and died more often in the ICU (65% vs. 38%, p = 0.047). Forty-seven % of patients were defined as Carbon Dioxide Responders. These patients were older and had more comorbidities; however, no difference in terms of ICU mortality was observed (51% vs. 37%, p = 0.189 for Carbon Dioxide Responders and Non-Responders, respectively)., Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, prone position has been widely adopted to treat mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure. The majority of patients improved their oxygenation during prone position, most likely due to a better ventilation perfusion matching., Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT04388670.

Published
2021
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48. Problematic risk-taking involving emerging technologies: A stakeholder framework to minimize harms.

Author

Swanton TB, Blaszczynski A, Forlini C, Starcevic V, and Gainsbury SM

Subjects
Humans, Harm Reduction, Intersectoral Collaboration, Problem Behavior, Risk-Taking, Stakeholder Participation, Technology
Abstract

Background and Aims: Despite the many benefits of technological advancements, problematic use of emerging technologies may lead to consumers experiencing harms. Substantial problems and behavioral addictions, such as gambling and gaming disorders, are recognized to be related to Internet-based technologies, including the myriad of new devices and platforms available. This review paper seeks to explore problematic risk-taking behaviors involving emerging technologies (e.g., online gambling and gaming, online sexual behaviors, and oversharing of personal information via social networking sites) that have the potential to lead to problematic outcomes for individuals., Results and Discussion: Previous research has focused on policy frameworks for responding to specific issues (e.g., online gambling), but a broader framework is needed to address issues as they emerge, given lags in governments and regulators responding to dynamically evolving technological environments. In this paper, key terms and issues involved are identified and discussed. We propose an initial framework for the relative roles and responsibilities of key stakeholder groups involved in addressing these issues (e.g., industry operators, governments and regulators, community groups, researchers, treatment providers, and individual consumers/end users)., Conclusion: Multidisciplinary collaboration can facilitate a comprehensive, unified response from all stakeholders that balances individual civil liberties with societal responsibilities and institutional duty of care.

Published
2021
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49. An Australian community jury to consider case-finding for dementia: Differences between informed community preferences and general practice guidelines.

Author

Thomas R, Sims R, Beller E, Scott AM, Doust J, Le Couteur D, Pond D, Loy C, Forlini C, and Glasziou P

Subjects
Age Factors, Aged, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Dementia diagnosis, General Practice standards, Mass Screening standards, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Public Opinion
Abstract

Background: Case-finding for dementia is practised by general practitioners (GPs) in Australia but without an awareness of community preferences. We explored the values and preferences of informed community members around case-finding for dementia in Australian general practice., Design, Setting and Participants: A before and after, mixed-methods study in Gold Coast, Australia, with ten community members aged 50-70., Intervention: A 2-day citizen/community jury. Participants were informed by experts about dementia, the potential harms and benefits of case-finding, and ethical considerations., Primary and Secondary Outcomes: We asked participants, "Should the health system encourage GPs to practice 'case-finding' of dementia in people older than 50?" Case-finding was defined as a GP initiating testing for dementia when the patient is unaware of symptoms. We also assessed changes in participant comprehension/knowledge, attitudes towards dementia and participants' own intentions to undergo case-finding for dementia if it were suggested., Results: Participants voted unanimously against case-finding for dementia, citing a lack of effective treatments, potential for harm to patients and potential financial incentives. However, they recognized that case-finding was currently practised by Australian GPs and recommended specific changes to the guidelines. Participants increased their comprehension/knowledge of dementia, their attitude towards case-finding became less positive, and their intentions to be tested themselves decreased., Conclusion: Once informed, community jury participants did not agree case-finding for dementia should be conducted by GPs. Yet their personal intentions to accept case-finding varied. If case-finding for dementia is recommended in the guidelines, then shared decision making is essential., (© 2019 The Authors. Health Expectations published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2019
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50. Non-medical prescription stimulant use to improve academic performance among Australian university students: prevalence and correlates of use.

Author

Lucke J, Jensen C, Dunn M, Chan G, Forlini C, Kaye S, Partridge B, Farrell M, Racine E, and Hall W

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Australia epidemiology, Caffeine administration & dosage, Central Nervous System Stimulants therapeutic use, Coffee, Energy Drinks statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Illicit Drugs, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Students statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Young Adult, Academic Performance, Central Nervous System Stimulants administration & dosage, Prescription Drug Misuse statistics & numerical data, Students psychology
Abstract

Background: Some university students consume pharmaceutical stimulants without a medical prescription with the goal of improving their academic performance. The prevalence of this practice has been well documented in the US, but less so in other countries. The potential harms of using prescription stimulants require a better understanding of the prevalence of this practice within Australian universities., Methods: An internet survey of 1136 Australian students was conducted in 2015 in three large Australian universities. Students were asked about their personal use of prescription stimulants, attitudes and experiences with prescription stimulants. They were also asked about their use of caffeine, energy drinks and illicit drugs to enhance their academic performance., Results: Lifetime self-reported use of stimulant medication to improve academic performance was 6.5, and 4.4% in the past year. Students were far more likely to report using coffee and energy drinks (41.4 and 23.6% respectively, lifetime use) than prescription stimulants to help them study and complete university assessments. Non-medical use of prescription stimulants was strongly associated with a history of illicit drug use., Conclusion: The prevalence of nonmedical prescription stimulant use to improve academic performance is low among university students in Australia, especially when compared with their use of coffee and energy drinks.

Published
2018
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