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There have been five waves of COVID-19 infection in Japan sincelast year to the present. In Japan, the fifth wave is converging as of now, but thesituation remains unpredictable such as throughout the world.Under this severe situation, not only social welfare service users but alsosupporters themselves face a critical situation. Deepening the understandingof stress associated with such interpersonal support work and knowing how todeal with it will lead to ensuring a stable quality of interpersonal support workas a result. The standpoints of“support for supporters”are always aimed atmaintaining support for social welfare service users served by the supporter. Thisis achieved by the supporter stabilizing the situation.In this study, the author first gave an overview of the state of infection inJapan and the world and pointed out the importance of supporting supportersduring the COVID-19 Pandemic. Next, from the perspective of supporters andservice users during the COVID-19 Pandemic, the author looked at several fieldsof social welfare in Japan and clarified related issues. Then, through the lens of“support for supporters”(Compassion Fatigue etc.), specific content of supportfor supporters during the COVID-19 Pandemic was observed and examined.The COVID-19 Pandemic may strike the world in different ways in the future.Therefore, considering“support for supporters”under such a pandemic protectssocial welfare practice and practitioners, and maintains continuous serviceprovision. The conclusion pointed out that“support for supporters”is beneficialfor maintaining the well-being of social welfare service users.

The purpose of this research is to consider theoretically on the research project, reconstructing the Attachment-Focused Clinical Approach based on an analysis of parental disciplinary behavior. The author discussed how to teach parents parenting methods that do not lead to child maltreatment in Japan where parental disciplinary rights continue to exist. Meanwhile, in Northern Europe, specifically in Sweden, a Corporal Punishment Prohibition Act was enacted for the first time in the world. This means that instead of relying on a system that relies on ‘early discovery and early support through notification’ as seen in the function of child guidance centers in Japan, the assumption is based on the everyday risk of abuse in the family childrearing environment, hence this framework is able to provide delicate support to families on an everyday basis.It was concluded that the main objective of this study is to revise all these tools through raising self-awareness in parents and workers towards disciplinary methods and reorganize the approaches into an attachment-focused clinical approach package that fits the Japanese context. Based on the above, in this article, the implementation process of this research was described in detail.

In child welfare institutions (especially children’s nursing homes), how staff members maintain happiness of children is a big concern. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of constructing and maintaining happiness in children’s welfare institutions or facilities.First of all, the author suggests that we have to construct an adequate environment and empower individuals in institutions in order to maintain persistence of happiness. The author discusses that the concept “Well-Being” becomes the key to sustain happiness of children. In other words, Well-Being of staff members and children is very important for the sake of children.In this study, the author added consideration about the concept “Well-Being” of children and staff members in children’s nursing home from the task and problem of "violence between children" and “ violence from a child to a staff or staff members" which wear out most staff members.The author discusses that if a staff would not understand real reasons for the aggressive actions from a child to a staff or staff members, the staff have to react to a child or children through misunderstanding, and, as a result, the relation between the child and the staff worsens. This could cause the staff to drive away or frighten the child with FR behavior (threatened behavior or threatening behavior), and in the worst case scenario, the situation may cause the violent action to the child from a staff.Based on these considerations, the author considers the possibility and necessity of constructing Well-Being in child welfare institutions.

The purpose of this study is to conduct the assessment of Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction before going to the disaster zone, while in the disaster zone, and after the activities at the disster zone. We used the Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction Self-Test for helpers to assess the mental state of care or support givers.This study is a prospective longitudinal cohort questionnaire assessment. The study subjects were mental health professionals who have joined a prefectural Mental Health Care Team for Eastern Japan Earthquake Disaster, and worked in seriously tsunami-suffered areas from April to August in 2011.23 members of the prefectural Mental Health Care Team for Eastern Japan Earthquake Disaster were divided into two types: Compassion Fatigue Decrease Type and Compassion Fatigue Increase Type. We discussed the chracteristics of these two types.

The purpose of this study is to consider on the assessment through one of measures, Residential Map for aggressive abused children in child welfare institutes. There are three types are reactive and proactive aggression and Non-emotional aggression.When a child does not succeed in control of his or her own anger or control of irritation, it will be happened aggressive situation among children.About children in child nursing home, the author explained Residential Map for 6 staffs for grasping relationship between children in two homes (Home 1, Home 2) in same child welfare facilities in Japan.Through the results of Residential Map, it is suggested that for aggressiveness of children, the existence of various staffs functions effectively("diversity" of care givers). In other words, the variety of the staff is very important by coping to the aggressiveness. For the same child, according to the staff, how to catch relationship among children was very different. It is a very important that plural experts are concerned with the same child.The training for the staffs will have to be carried out assuming the difference between such staffs, variety (diversity), too. In conclusion, the author suggested the model of relationship of "diversity" of care givers and children through Residential Map.

The purpose of this article is to construct the Optimal Compassion Fatigue Model based on the preliminary findings of two studies of professionals exposed or exposed-suspect to secondary trauma.At first, the author reviewed the research of Fujioka (2011b, in Japanese) for investigating the relationship between Compassion Fatigue and Functioning. And the second purpose of this article is to investigate the influence of activities in Disaster Zone to professionals on the standpoints of Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction, and Burn Out. 5 professionals attended this research program. We considered the influence of experiences in disaster zone to Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction and Burnout.As a result, we got the important finding as follows; 1. They enhanced Traumatized experiences in Childhood or Adulthood. The case studies suggest that they are negatively affected by pre-deployment traumatic experiences. 2. Deployment does not appear to cause burnout. That is, almost no change of burnout risk during activities in disaster zone. 3.The importance of any change can be detected through the 8 compassion fatigue andcompassion satisfaction factors. Personal important change of each 4 factors of Compassion Fatigue and CS. 4. Deployments elevate the risk of third (or tertiary) traumatic stress reactions among family members of the deployed professionals. I emphasized the risk of Severe Third Traumatic Stress (Families, Friends, Colleagues of Professionals) . 5. Deployed professionals have benefits from sharing their experiences with others. Needs to share experiences in Disaster Zone (Area). As the important conclusion, Optimal CF scores are moderately low scores but not the lowest (need more detail here). No big change of Total CF/CS (keep each Optimal CF) in the disaster zone.

The annual life cycle and distribution of adult Lepidotrigla microptera were studied in the Mutsu Bay, Aomori Prefecture. The seasonal changes in gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and stomach contents index of samples obtained by experimental bottom trawls from March 1986 to July 1988 indicated that the annual life cycle of adult L. microptera was divided into the following four periods; wintering period (December-March), preparatory period for spawning (April-May), spawning period (June-August), and preparatory period for wintering (September-November). The habitat of L. microptera in this study area was not confirmed. However, at least a part of them were concentrated in relatively warm waters (6~9℃), i.e. the mouth of the bay in winter. In spring, most of them moved to the western part of the bay (West Bay) with rising bottom water temperature. In summer their habitat spread over the bay, and the fish concentrated toward the mouth of the bay in autumn. The annual life cycle and the space utilization pattern of adult L. microptera are thus associated greatly with seasonal changes in the bottom temperature.