1. COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Worldwide Survey of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Quality in 3911 Athletes from 49 Countries, with Data-Driven Recommendations
- Author
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Romdhani, Mohamed, Rae, Dale E., Nédélec, Mathieu, Ammar, Achraf, Chtourou, Hamdi, Al Horani, Ramzi, Ben Saad, Helmi, Bragazzi, Nicola, Dönmez, Gürhan, Driss, Tarak, Fullagar, Hugh H. K., Farooq, Abdulaziz, Garbarino, Sergio, Hammouda, Omar, Hassanmirzaei, Bahar, Khalladi, Karim, Khemila, Syrine, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose, Moussa-Chamari, Imen, Mujika, Iñigo, Muñoz Helú, Hussein, Norouzi Fashkhami, Amin, Paineiras-Domingos, Laisa Liane, Rahbari Khaneghah, Mehrshad, Saita, Yoshitomo, Trabelsi, Khaled, Vitale, Jacopo Antonino, Washif, Jad Adrian, Weber, Johanna, Souissi, Nizar, Taylor, Lee, and Chamari, Karim
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,COVID-19 ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Middle Aged ,Circadian Rhythm ,Young Adult ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Sleep Quality ,Athletes ,Caffeine ,Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Communicable Disease Control ,0913 Mechanical Engineering, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1302 Curriculum and Pedagogy ,Humans ,Female ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Original Research Article ,Sleep ,Sport Sciences - Abstract
Objective In a convenience sample of athletes, we conducted a survey of COVID-19-mediated lockdown (termed ‘lockdown’ from this point forward) effects on: (i) circadian rhythms; (ii) sleep; (iii) eating; and (iv) training behaviors. Methods In total, 3911 athletes [mean age: 25.1 (range 18–61) years, 1764 female (45%), 2427 team-sport (63%) and 1442 elite (37%) athletes] from 49 countries completed a multilingual cross-sectional survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index questionnaires, alongside bespoke questions about napping, training, and nutrition behaviors. Results Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (4.3 ± 2.4 to 5.8 ± 3.1) and Insomnia Severity Index (4.8 ± 4.7 to 7.2 ± 6.4) scores increased from pre- to during lockdown (p
- Published
- 2021