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Atractides (Atractides) smiti Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D2DA763A-88E0-4432-810F-76BC5FBF1F3B Figs 4–5 Diagnosis Muscle attachments between D 3 sclerotized. I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a narrow setal interspace between them; I-L-6 curved. Ac in an obtuse triangle; V1 fused to V2, excretory pore surrounded by sclerotized ring. P-2 and P-3 ventral margin slightly straight; P-4 divided by two ventral hairs in sectors 3:3:2, sword seta at the middle of P-4. Etymology The species is named after Dr Harry Smit in appreciation of his contributions to the taxonomy of water mites. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Zeku County, Maixiu Town; 35°18′64′′ N, 101°52′32′′ E; 3201 m a.s.l.; 17 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020071706. Description Male Idiosoma oval; O2 and L1 at the same level; setae of D1 about two thirds of the distance from D1 to D2; setae of D 2 reaching to the level of D 3 ; muscle attachments between D 3 sclerotized; all setae surrounded by sclerites; So 1 in front of A 2 , So 2 at the same level as D 1 , So 3 near D 2 , So 4 at the same level as D 3 , So 5 behind D 4 (Fig. 4A). ACG fused together and with a suture, apodemes of ACG reaching to Cx-III; genital field with a development sclerotization, the anterior part of Ap with a projection, Ac in an obtuse triangle, Ac2 near Ac3 rather than Ac1, Ac3 the biggest; V1 fused to V2, V3 and V4 forming a trapezoid, V4 at the same level as the anterior of acetabular plate; excretory pore surrounded by sclerotized ring (Fig. 4B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 and P-3 ventral margins slightly straight; P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, and divided by two ventral hairs in sectors 3:3:2, sword seta at the middle of P-4 (Fig. 4E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a narrow setal interspace between them; I-L-6 curved (Fig. 5A). Measurements Male (n = 1) Idiosoma L 513, W 369; coxal field L 264, Cx-III W 164, ACG IL 175, mL 103, W 216; infracapitular bay L 97; genital field L 131, Ac1–3 L 26, 28, 27; chelicera L 145; infracapitulum L 125; palp dL: P-1 23, P-2 49, P-3 49, P-4 70, P-5 26; legs segments: I-L-1 dL 38, I-L-2 dL 74, I-L-3 dL 67, I-L-4 dL 107, I-L-5 dL 122, HB 37, I-L-6 dL 72, HB 19, S-1 L 54, S-2 L 60; dL: II-L-1 32, II-L-2 61, II-L-3 57, II-L-4 82, II-L-5 85, II-L-6 91; dL: III-L-1 36, III-L-2 64, III-L-3 61, III-L-4 95, III-L-5 106, III-L-6 103; dL: IV-L-1 70, IV-L-2 83, IV-L-3 107, IV-L-4 138, IV-L-5 148, IV-L-6 129. Female Unknown. Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) smiti sp. nov. is similar to Atractides protendens K.O. Viets, 1955 in the following points: (1) P-2 and P-3 ventral margins slightly straight; (2) S-1 and S-2 with a narrow setal interspace between them; (3) the anterior part of Ap with a projection; (4) apodemes of ACG reaching to Cx-III. However, A. (A.) smiti differs from A. protendens in the following aspects: (1) V1 fused to V 2 in A. (A.) smiti, but not fused in A. protendens; (2) excretory pore surrounded by sclerotized ring in A. (A.) smiti, but smooth in A. protendens; (3) the I-L-6 of A. (A.) smiti more curved than that of A. protendens (Gerecke 2003)., Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 127-129, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/6958174, {"references":["Gerecke R. 2003. Water mites of the genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) in the western Palaearctic region: a revision. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138 (2 - 3): 141 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.06 - 0.00051. x"]}

Atractides (Atractides) xianmiensis Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FB29B7EB-1A14-450E-80E2-4795C3B299EA Figs 11–13 Diagnosis Male Dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized. I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a setal interspace between them; I-L-6 straight. Ac in an obtuse triangle; V 1 separated from V 2 . P-2 and P-3 with a ventral projection respectively, P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, ventral hairs long, one at the middle of the surface, and the other one at the terminal of lateral edge, sword seta at the middle of P-4. Female Ac in a weakly curved line. P-2 with a ventral projection, P-3 ventral margin slightly convex, P-4 divided by two ventral hairs in sectors 1:1:1. Etymology The new species is named after the name of the Xianmi National Nature Reserve where the specimens were collected. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Xianmi National Nature Reserve; 37°10′56′′ N, 102°20′03′′ E; 2949 m a.s.l.; 29 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020072910. Paratypes CHINA • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020072911 to 2020072913 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020072914, 2020072915. Description Male (n = 4) Idiosoma oval, dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized; So 1 near eye capsule; So 2 at the same level as D 1 ; So 3 at the same level as D 2 ; So 4 in front of L 4 ; So 5 behind D 4 (Fig. 11A). ACG fused together and with a suture, apodemes of ACG well developed, and reaching to Cx-III; Ac in an obtuse triangle, Ac3 biggest; V 1 separated far from V 2 , V 3 and V 4 forming a rectangle, V 4 at the same level as the anterior part of acetabular plate (Fig. 11B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 and P-3 with a ventral projection respectively, P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, ventral hairs long, one at the middle of the surface, and the other one at the terminal of lateral edge, sword seta at the middle of P-4 (Fig. 11E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 with blunt tips and with a setal interspace between them; I-L-6 straight (Fig. 13A). Female (n = 2) Similar to male (Fig. 12). Ac in a weakly curved line (Fig. 12B). P-2 with a ventral projection, P-3 ventral margin slightly convex, P-4 divided by two ventral hairs in sectors 1:1:1 (Fig. 11F). Measurements Male (n = 4) Idiosoma L 724 (724–896), W 605 (605–734); coxal field L 351 (351–395), Cx-III W 426 (426–483), ACG IL 251 (251–287), mL 131 (131–159), W 329 (329–372); infracapitular bay L 132 (132–160); genital field L 131 (131–144), Ac1–3 L 39 (36–41), 32 (32–43), 36 (36–46); chelicera L 227 (227–267); infracapitulum L 207 (207–239); palp dL: P-1 30 (30–37), P-2 69 (69–80), P-3 76 (76–89), P-4 107 (107–121), P-5 34 (33–34); Legs segments: I-L-1 dL 47 (47–56), I-L-2 dL 107 (107–126), I-L-3 dL 110 (110–125), I-L-4 dL 165 (165–191), I-L-5 dL 188 (188–214), HB 42 (42–46), I-L-6 dL 145 (145–160), HB 34 (32–34), S-1 L 67 (67–73), S-2 L 58 (58–65); dL: II-L-1 55 (47–59), II-L-2 94 (94–108), II-L-3 100 (100–113), II-L-4 141 (141–162), II-L-5 161 (161–184), II-L-6 154 (154–174); dL: III-L-1 54 (51– 63), III-L-2 93 (93–112), III-L-3 109 (109–124), III-L-4 166 (166–191), III-L-5 194 (194–226), III-L-6 178 (178–200); dL: IV-L-1 131 (129–137), IV-L-2 154 (154–161), IV-L-3 187 (187–211), IV-L-4 240 (240–274), IV-L-5 260 (260–303), IV-L-6 224 (224–246). Female (n = 2) Idiosoma L 925 (1215), W 754 (1042); coxal field L 403 (422), Cx-III W 515 (576), ACG IL 303 (323), mL 133 (131), W 405 (403); infracapitular bay L 180 (179); gonopore L 145 (190), Ap L 156 (156), Ac1–3 L 49 (48), 43 (45), 43 (46); chelicera L 291 (297); infracapitulum L 269 (268); palp dL: P-1 36 (46), P-2 84 (88), P-3 97 (103), P-4 124 (123), P-5 36 (39); legs segments: I-L-1 dL 59 (64), I-L-2 dL 122 (136), I-L-3 dL 131 (141), I-L-4 dL 193 (205), I-L-5 dL 220 (227), HB 47 (47), I-L-6 dL 165 (173), HB 39 (35), S-1 L 87 (78), S-2 L 74 (72); dL: II-L-1 64 (50), II-L-2 108 (106), II-L-3 121 (133), II-L-4 166 (180), II-L-5 188 (200), II-L-6 175 (186); dL: III-L-1 54 (68), III-L-2 114 (112), III-L-3 131 (142), III-L-4 198 (212), III-L-5 233 (241), III-L-6 208 (215); dL: IV-L-1 150 (160), IV-L-2 162 (174), IV-L-3 211 (228), IV-L-4 270 (293), IV-L-5 246 (314), IV-L-6 211 (265). Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) xianmiensis sp. nov. is similar to Atractides inflatus Walter, 1925 in the following points: (1) P-2 and P-3 of the male both with a ventral projection respectively; (2) V 1 not fused to V 2 ; (3) S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a setal interspace between them; (4) Ac in an obtuse triangle in the male and in a weakly curved line in the female. However, A. (A.) xianmiensis differs from A. inflatus in the following aspects: (1) apodemes of ACG in female well developed and reaching to Cx-III in A. (A.) xianmiensis, but not reaching to Cx-III in A. inflatus; (2) I-L-6 straight in A. (A.) xianmiensis, but curved in A. inflatus (Gerecke 2003)., Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 137-139, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/6958174, {"references":["Gerecke R. 2003. Water mites of the genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) in the western Palaearctic region: a revision. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138 (2 - 3): 141 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.06 - 0.00051. x"]}

Atractides (Atractides) longiprojectus Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A043146A-40FB-45E2-888A-3613E5A14165 Figs 9–10 Diagnosis Dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized, setae of D 1 and D 2 significantly longer than others, setae of D 1 nearly reaching to D2, setae of D2 extending beyond D3. I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 with a narrow setal interspace between them, S-1 longer than S-2. I-L-6 straight. Ac in a weakly curved line; V 1 separated from V 2 . P-2 with an unobvious ventral projection; P-3 ventral margin slightly convex; the ventral edge of P-4 divided by two long hairs in 2:1:2, sword seta at two thirds of P-4. Etymology The Latin prefix ‘ longi -’ means long, ACG of the female of this new species is with a particularly long hind projection. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♀; Qinghai Province, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, Quankou Town; 37°31′31′′ N, 101°81′12′′ E; 2691 m a.s.l.; 29 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020072907. Paratypes CHINA • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020072908, 2020072909. Description Female (n = 3) Idiosoma oval, dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized; O2 and D1 at the same level; setae of D1 and D 2 significantly longer than others, setae of D 1 nearly reaching to D 2 , setae of D 2 extending beyond D 3 ; all slit organs visible, So 1 near the eye capsule, So 2 at the same level as D 1 , So 3 near D 2 , So 4 in front of L 4 , So 5 behind of D 4 (Fig. 9A). Coxal group occupying a half of ventral surface, projections from ACG extending to Cx-IV; Ac in a weakly curved line; V1 separated from V2; V3 and V4 forming a rectangle, V4 at the same level as the anterior of acetabular plate (Fig. 9B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 with an unobvious ventral projection; P-3 ventral margin slightly convex; P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, the ventral edge of P-4 divided by two long hairs in 2:1:2, sword seta at two thirds of P-4 (Fig. 9E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 with a narrow setal interspace, S-1 longer than S-2. I-L-6 straight (Fig. 10A). Measurements Female (n = 3) Idiosoma L 530 (530–663), W 419 (419–547); coxal field L 320 (320–361), Cx-III W 353 (353–406), ACG IL 244 (244–295), mL 126 (126–163), W 297 (296–336); infracapitular bay L 143 (133–151); gonopore L 98 (98–118), Ap L 120 (118–128), Ac1–3 L 35 (35–41), 39 (39–45), 30 (30–38); chelicera L 251 (251–275); infracapitulum L 227 (226–239); palp dL: P-1 35 (32–35), P-2 68 (68–79), P-3 75 (75–82), P-4 106 (106–110), P-5 27 (27–31); legs segments: I-L-1 dL 45 (45–53), I-L-2 dL 103 (100– 113), I-L-3 dL 103 (96–112), I-L-4 dL 153 (152–163), I-L-5 dL 166 (166–180), HB 37 (37–39), I-L-6 dL 134 (134–144), HB 34 (34–37), S-1 L 57 (57–72), S-2 L 47 (46–54); dL: II-L-1 53 (53–56), II-L-2 96 (89–104), II-L-3 96 (92–102), II-L-4 130 (130–141), II-L-5 140 (140–153), II-L-6 141 (140–152); dL: III-L-1 53 (51–59), III-L-2 87 (79–106), III-L-3 101 (101–115), III-L-4 154 (153–168), III-L-5 178 (170–189), III-L-6 163 (160–178); dL: IV-L-1 108 (108–120), IV-L-2 141 (135–141), IV-L-3 182 (178–195), IV-L-4 219 (219–239), IV-L-5 246 (234–255), IV-L-6 204 (197–218). Male Unknown. Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) longiprojectus sp. nov. is similar to Atractides inflatipalpis K. Viets, 1950 in the following points: (1) V 1 separated from V 2 ; (2) S-1 longer than S-2; (3) P-2 with an unobvious ventral projection. However, A. (A.) longiprojectus differs from A. inflatipalpis in the following aspects: (1) P-3 ventral margin slightly convex in A. (A.) longiprojectus, but straight in A. inflatipalpis; (2) I-L-6 straight in A. (A.) longiprojectus, but curved in A. inflatipalpis; (3) the pregenital sclerite of A. inflatipalpis in female much bigger than A. (A.) longiprojectus (Gerecke 2003)., Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 133-134, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/6958174, {"references":["Gerecke R. 2003. Water mites of the genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) in the western Palaearctic region: a revision. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138 (2 - 3): 141 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.06 - 0.00051. x"]}

Atractides (Atractides) menyuanensis Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C836E7CF-0A50-4334-AA1D-DDE500DDBCF8 Figs 6–8 Diagnosis Dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized. I-L-5 longish, S-1 close to S-2. I-L-6 curved. Ac in an obtuse triangle; V 1 separated from V 2 . P-2 ventral margin slightly convex; P-3 ventral margin nearly straight; two long hairs on the ventral surface of P-4 near the base, sword seta near the base. Ac in a weakly curved line in female. Etymology The new species is named after the name of Menyuan Hui Autonomous County where the specimens were collected. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County; 37°31′31′′ N, 101°21′09′′ E; 2427 m a.s.l.; 29 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020072901. Paratypes CHINA • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020072902 to 2020072906. Description Male (n = 1) Idiosoma oval, dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized; all slit organs visible, So 1 near the eye capsule, So 2 near L 2 , So 3 at the level of D 2 , So 4 at the level of D 3 , So 5 on the outside of D 4 (Fig. 6A). ACG fused together and with a suture, PCG separated; apodemes from ACG not reaching to PCG; Ac in an obtuse triangle; V 1 separated from V 2 ; V 3 and V 4 forming a trapezoid, V 4 at the same level as the anterior of acetabular plate (Fig. 6B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 ventral margin slightly convex; P-3 ventral margin nearly straight; P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, two long hairs on the ventral surface of P-4 near the base, sword seta near the base (Fig. 6E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 close to S-2; I-L-6 curved (Fig. 8A). Female (n = 5) Similar to male (Figs 6F, 7). Idiosoma oval; ACG and PCG significantly smaller than the male; Ac in a weakly curved line (Fig. 7B). Measurements Male (n = 1) Idiosoma L 708, W 582; coxal field L 352, Cx-III W 415, ACG IL 232, mL 92, W 323; infracapitular bay L 146; genital field L 141, Ac1–3 L 35, 35, 38; chelicera L 223; infracapitulum L 210; palp dL: P-1 37, P-2 70, P-3 63, P-4 122, P-5 31; legs segments: I-L-1 dL 57, I-L-2 dL 106, I-L-3 dL 101, I-L-4 dL 139, I-L-5 dL 182, HB 50, I-L-6 dL 102, HB 32, S-1 L 58, S-2 L 58; dL: II-L-1 57, II-L-2 95, II-L-3 93, II-L-4 135, II-L-5 158, II-L-6 157; dL: III-L-1 55, III-L-2 102, III-L-3 114, III-L-4 165, III-L-5 191, III-L-6 180; dL: IV-L-1 118, IV-L-2 138, IV-L-3 181, IV-L-4 240, IV-L-5 272, IV-L-6 217. Female (n = 5) Idiosoma L 1074 (1050–1113), W 935 (868–935); coxal field L 385 (385–432), Cx-III W 575 (550– 585), ACG IL 248 (248–299), mL 111 (111–130), W 373 (373–417); infracapitular bay L 130 (105– 163); gonopore L 168 (161–190), Ap L 157 (145–171), Ac1–3 L 38 (34–48), 39 (39–49), 37 (32–48); chelicera L 264 (253–283); infracapitulum L 215 (214–244); palp dL: P-1 46 (40–46), P-2 75 (75–86), P-3 66 (66–80), P-4 126 (121–145), P-5 37 (36–37); legs segments: I-L-1 dL 62 (62–77), I-L-2 dL 106 (106–136), I-L-3 dL 107 (107–126), I-L-4 dL 153 (151–176), I-L-5 dL 200 (200–233), HB 53 (53–59), I-L-6 dL 120 (120–132), HB 31 (31–36), S-1 L 63 (62–68), S-2 L 63 (62–69); dL: II-L-1 61 (61–72), II-L-2 93 (93–109), II-L-3 109 (98–124), II-L-4 144 (142–163), II-L-5 168 (168–204), II-L-6 170 (170– 191); dL: III-L-1 67 (65–84), III-L-2 102 (102–116), III-L-3 119 (115–137), III-L-4 178 (178–203), III-L-5 208 (206–233), III-L-6 200 (190–212); dL: IV-L-1 149 (129–149), IV-L-2 159 (156–179), IV-L-3 202 (191–234), IV-L-4 261 (252–294), IV-L-5 286 (276–321), IV-L-6 232 (223–255). Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) menyuanensis sp. nov. is similar to Atractides algeriensis Lundblad, 1942 in the following points: (1) apodemes from ACG not reaching to Cx-IV; (2) P-2 ventral margin slightly convex, P-3 ventral margin nearly straight; (3) Ac in a weakly curved line in female. However, A. (A.) menyuanensis differs from A. algeriensis in following aspects: (1) two long hairs on the ventral surface of P-4 near the base, sword seta near the base in A. (A.) menyuanensis, but the ventral surface of P-4 divided by two long ventral hairs in 1:1:1, sword seta at the middle of P- 4 in A. algeriensis; (2) S-1 much more close to S- 2 in A. (A.) menyuanensis than in A. algeriensis; (3) I-L-6 of A. algeriensis much longer and more slender than that of A. (A.) menyuanensis (Gerecke 2003)., Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 131-133, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/6958174, {"references":["Gerecke R. 2003. Water mites of the genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) in the western Palaearctic region: a revision. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138 (2 - 3): 141 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.06 - 0.00051. x"]}

Atractides (Atractides) biprojectus Zhang, Li & Guo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 06CA408F-1FC6-4FD0-AA2A-E94B784621C0 Figs 1–3 Diagnosis Male Dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized. I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 with blunt tips and with a narrow setal interspace between them; I-L-6 curved. Ac in an obtuse triangle, V1 separated from V2. P-2 and P-3 with a ventral projection respectively; P-4 divided by two long ventral hairs in sectors 2:3:1, sword seta between two ventral hair insertions and near the terminal. Female Similar to male. Ventral projection of P-2 not obvious, and P-3 ventral margin nearly straight. Etymology The Latin prefix ‘ bi -’ means two, in the male of the new species P-2 and P-3 are with a ventral projection respectively. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Zeku County, Maixiu Town; 35°18′64′′ N, 101°52′32′′ E; 3201 m a.s.l.; 17 Jul. 2020; Hai-Tao Li leg.; running water; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020071701. Paratypes CHINA • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slides No. QH-HY-2020071702 to 2020071704 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; GUGC, Slide No. QH-HY-2020071705. Description Male (n = 4) Idiosoma oval; dorsal muscle attachment unsclerotized, O 2 and D 1 at the same level; setae of D 1 and D 2 longer than others, setae of D 2 reaching to D 3; all slit organs visible, So 1 near the eye capsule and at the level of O 1 , So 2 in front of L 2 , So 3 near D 2 , So 4 at the middle of D 3 and L 4 ; So 5 behind D 4 (Fig. 1A). ACG fused together and with a suture, PCG separated; apodemes from ACG not reaching to Cx-IV. Acetabula three pairs and in an obtuse triangle; V 1 separated from V 2 ; V 3 and V 4 forming a trapezoid, V 4 at the same level as the middle of Ap (Fig. 1B). Palp five-segmented; P-2 and P-3 with a ventral projection respectively; P-4 with numerous dorsal hairs, and divided by two long ventral hairs in sectors 2:3:1, sword seta between two ventral hair insertions and near the terminal (Fig. 1E). I-L-5 longish, S-1 and S-2 both with blunt tips and with a narrow setal interspace between them; I-L-6 curved (Fig. 3A). Female (n = 1) Similar to male (Fig. 2). Setae of D1 and D2 shorter than that in male (Fig. 2A); ventral projection of P-2 not obvious, and P-3 ventral margin nearly straight (Fig. 1F). Measurements Male (n = 4) Idiosoma L 641 (585–645), W 546 (443–546); coxal field L 316 (314–325), Cx-III W 333 (333–347), ACG IL 237 (234–239), mL 125 (107–125), W 268 (268–284); infracapitular bay L 123 (118–127); genital field L 120 (119–120), Ac1–3 L 34 (33–38), 34 (34–42), 37(37–40); chelicera L 205 (204–207); infracapitulum L 159 (140–177); palp dL: P-1 29 (29–32), P-2 74 (68–74), P-3 62(59–66), P-4 95(95– 99), P-5 27 (27–29); legs segments: I-L-1 dL 48 (46–52), I-L-2 dL 93 (89–93), I-L-3 dL 80 (78–80), I-L-4 dL 119 (119–125), I-L-5 dL 163 (163–176), HB 53 (53–60), I-L-6 dL 119 (119–122), HB 22 (21–22), S-1 L 90 (78–90), S-2 L 74 (74–75); dL: II-L-1 47 (47–50), II-L-2 82 (74–82), II-L-3 71 (70–74), II-L-4 92 (92–102), II-L-5 116 (116–120), II-L-6 124 (124–127); dL: III-L-1 56 (53–57), III-L-2 90 (81–90), III-L-3 75 (73–77), III-L-4 124 (124–125), III-L-5 146 (146–154), III-L-6 141 (133–147); dL: IV-L-1 117 (117–120), IV-L-2 105 (102–113), IV-L-3 138 (135–138), IV-L-4 174 (174–180), IV-L-5 199 (199–208), IV-L-6 163 (162–170). Female (n = 1) Idiosoma L 902, W 721; coxal field L 390, Cx-III W 477, ACG IL 272, mL 137, W 355; infracapitular bay L 165; gonopore L 146, Ap L 140, Ac1–3 L 43, 47, 47; chelicera L 267; infracapitulum L 222; palp dL: P-1 38, P-2 84, P-3 84, P-4 123, P-5 34; legs segments: I-L-1 dL 64, I-L-2 dL 113, I-L-3 dL 114, I-L-4 dL 176, I-L-5 dL 242, HB 77, I-L-6 dL171, HB 26, S-1 L 120, S-2 L 106; dL: II-L-1 72, II-L-2 98, II-L-3 96, II-L-4 135, II-L-5 153, II-L-6 162; dL: III-L-1 69, III-L-2 100, III-L-3 107, III-L-4 168, III-L-5 193, III-L-6 181; dL: IV-L-1 153, IV-L-2 141, IV-L-3 184, IV-L-4 231, IV-L-5 267, IV-L-6 211. Remarks The new species Atractides (Atractides) biprojectus sp. nov. is similar to Atractides yazdensis Pešić, Smit & Saboori, 2021 in the following points: (1) male P-2 and P-3 with ventral projections; (2) setae S-1 and S-2 separated, with a narrow setal interspace; (3) V 1 separated from V 2 . However, A. (A.) biprojectus differs from A. yazdensis in following aspects: (1) P-4 sword seta between two ventral hair insertions in A. (A.) biprojectus, but slightly proximal to posteroventral hair in A. yazdensis; (2) apodemes from ACG not reaching to Cx-IV in A. (A.) biprojectus, but reaching to Cx-IV in A. yazdensis; (3) genital field of A. (A.) biprojectus much rounder than that of in A. yazdensis (Pešić et al. 2021)., Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Hao, Li, Hai-Tao, Li, Cai-Yun & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, New species of genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatidae) from Qinghai, China, pp. 121-142 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1) on pages 123-127, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1889, http://zenodo.org/record/6958174, {"references":["Pesic V., Smit H. & Saboori A. 2021. New records of the water mite genus Atractides Koch, 1837 from Iran (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Hygrobatidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 44: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2021.44.1","Pesic V. & Smit H. 2021 a. A new species of the genus Atractides Koch, 1837 from Turkey (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Hygrobatidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 43: 44 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2021.43.6"]}

The key to the subfamilies, genera and subgenera of Limnocharidae 1. Gnathosoma attached to a long protrusible tube of soft integument, the former well separated from the first coxae; palp segments 3, occasionally 2, 4 or 5; legs without swimming seta............................................................................................ Subfamily Rhyncholimnocharinae Lundblad, 1936 2 ��� Gnathosoma not attached to a long protrusible tube of soft integument; gnathosoma always adjacent to the first pair of coxae; palp segments 4 or 5; swimming setae absent or present......................... 5 2. Palp segments not fused, with 5 segments; P-V attached to the ventral surface, rather than the distal end of P-IV; dorsalia absent.................................................Genus Pentachares Li & Guo gen. nov. ��� Palp segments fused, palp with 3, occasionally 2, 4 segments......................................................... 3 3. Palp with 4 segments or occasionally 3; medial part of palp curved dorsally; without dorsalia.................................................................................................... Genus Austrolimnochares Harvey, 1998 ��� Palp with 3 segments or occasionally 2; dorsal margin of the second palp segment straight; dorsum with or without paired sclerites...............................Genus Rhyncholimnochares Lundblad, 1936 4 4. Terminal segment of palp relatively large, with much of the segment visible proximal to the terminal setae.............................................................................. Subgenus Paralimnochares Lundblad, 1937 ��� Terminal segment of palp greatly reduced, the terminal setae are prominent but the actual segment somewhat hidden.................................................. Subgenus Rhyncholimnochares Lundblad, 1936 5. Palp segments not fused, palp with 5 segments..............Subfamily Limnocharinae Grube, 1859 6 ��� Palp segments fused, palp with 4 segments.... Subfamily Neolimnocharinae Gerecke et al., 2020 * 6. P-V inserted on the medioventral portion of P-IV.................... Genus Laterolimnochares Jin, 1999 ��� P-V normally inserted on the distal end of P-IV....................Genus Limnochares Latreille, 1796 7 7. Legs with swimming setae.........................................................Subgenus Cyclothrix Wolcott, 1905 ��� Legs without swimming setae..............................................Subgenus Limnochares Latreille, 1796 * The definition of Neolimnocharinae is mainly based on larval characters. This larval-based taxonomy results in a parallel system in Limnocharidae, for which taxa have previously been based on adults. On the other hand, Gerecke et al. (2020) provided sufficient conditions to make us think that the establishment of subfamily Neolimnocharinae is reasonable. To avoid confusion in the taxonomy, four larval-based genera (Veliacola, Archaeveliacola, Armaveliacola, Isoveliacola) and genus Neolimnochares are not listed in this adult-charactered binomial key., Published as part of Jin, Dao-Chao & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, Contributions to the knowledge of Eylaoidea (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) from China, pp. 53-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1613, http://zenodo.org/record/5817957, {"references":["Lundblad O. 1936. Dritte Mitteilung uber neue Wassermilben aus Santa Catharina in Sudbrasilien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 116 (7 - 8): 200 - 211.","Harvey M. S. 1998. Unusual new water mites (Acari: Hydracarina) from Australia, Part 1. Records of the Western Australian Museum 19: 91 - 106.","Gerecke R., Wohltmann A., Smith B. P. & Judson M. 2020. New taxa of the water mite family Limnocharidae (Actinotrichida: Eylaoidea) parasitising tropical water bugs of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Hemiptera: Veliidae) reveal unsuspected diversity of larval morphologies. Aquatic Insects 41 (4): 273 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650424.2020.1811876","Jin D. C. 1999. Laterolimnochares huangshanensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. of Limnocharidae from Huangshan, Anhui (Acari: Eylaoidea). Acta entomologica Sinica 42 (3): 311 - 314.","Latreille P. - A. 1796. Precis des Caracteres Generiques des Insectes, Disposes dans un Ordre Naturel. Prevot, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58411"]}

Family Eylaidae Leach, 1816 Eylaidae Leach, 1816: 399. Eylaidae ��� Cook 1974: 42���46. ��� Viets 1987: 236., Published as part of Jin, Dao-Chao & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, Contributions to the knowledge of Eylaoidea (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) from China, pp. 53-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1613, http://zenodo.org/record/5817957, {"references":["Leach W. E. 1816. A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linne arranged under Insecta; with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, & c. and descriptions of several new genera and species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 11: 306 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1813. tb 00065. x","Cook D. R. 1974. Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 21: 1 - 860.","Viets K. O. 1987. Die Milben des Susswassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae (part.), Acari). II.: Katalog. Sonderbande des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 8: 1 - 1012."]}

Genus Pentachares Li & Guo gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 080C87A4-FFE2-459E-AC36-6A414126B7F0 Type species Pentachares sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov. Etymology Five-segmented palp is the main diagnosis feature of this new genus. ���Pent-��� means five, just represents the five segments of palp in this new genus. Diagnosis Characters of Rhyncholimnocharinae; palp five-segmented, P-V attached to the middle surface, rather than the distal end of P-IV; dorsalia absent; without swimming setae on legs. Habitat Same as subfamily. Distribution Oriental realm. Remarks The new genus presents the diagnostic features of both two subfamilies in Limnocharidae: a long tube of protrusible integument proves that it belongs to Rhyncholimnocharinae, meanwhile the palp with five segments indicates it is from Limnocharinae. The phylogenetic value of the palp-fused as a character has been questioned (Cook 1974; Gerecke et al. 2020). Therefore, we arrange the new genus in Rhyncholimnocharinae, according to the feature of a tubular extension of integument., Published as part of Jin, Dao-Chao & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, Contributions to the knowledge of Eylaoidea (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) from China, pp. 53-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1613, http://zenodo.org/record/5817957, {"references":["Cook D. R. 1974. Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 21: 1 - 860.","Gerecke R., Wohltmann A., Smith B. P. & Judson M. 2020. New taxa of the water mite family Limnocharidae (Actinotrichida: Eylaoidea) parasitising tropical water bugs of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Hemiptera: Veliidae) reveal unsuspected diversity of larval morphologies. Aquatic Insects 41 (4): 273 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650424.2020.1811876"]}

Eylais (Meteylais) hamata Koenike, 1897 Figs 1���5 Diagnosis Eye-plate relatively long; eye bridge almost uniform-in-width, straight or slightly curved; longer than eye capsules; O 2 inserted into a pair of sclerotic loops on eye bridge; excretory pore with a sclerotized ring; E 4 behind the middle of Cx-IV. Material examined CHINA ��� 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Qinghai Province, Qinghaihu National Nature Reserve; 36��36���23��� N, 100��46���35��� E; 3209 m a.s.l.; 7 Aug. 2020; Dong-Dong Li & Hai-Tao Li leg.; water depth 20���40 cm, located in a prairie, with many aquatic plants on the bottom; GUGC, slides No. QH-EY-20200801 to 20200805. Description Male (n = 3) BODY. Dull red color. Idiosoma extremely soft and oval; integument with fingerprint-like striae. No sclerites except eye-plate in dorsal view (Fig. 1A). Eye-plate relatively long; eye bridge almost uniformin-width, straight or slightly curved; O 2 inserted into a pair of sclerotic loops on eye bridge; a pair of humps existed sometimes (Figs 1B, 2A���B). COXAE. The apical angles of Cx-I���IV with 2���4 setae, line of setae on each coxa; all coxae striated, like elephant skin (Fig. 1E). GENITALIA. Genital field with numerous tapered setae; a pair of sclerotic genital flaps with many fine setae and two small and narrow transverse genital sclerites surrounding gonopore (Fig. 2C); V1 free and close to rear side of ACG; acetabula rounded and stalked, occupying all over the integument; excretory pore with a sclerotized ring; E 4 behind the middle of Cx-IV and at the level of the excretory pore (Fig. 1E). GNATHOSOMA. Cuticle porous; basal segments of chelicera large, cheliceral claws short and blunt, projecting through the center of the filled wheel-like membrane; pharynx with a pair of bulges at the lateral bottom, two strongly sclerotized rings on pharynx (Figs 1C, 2D). PALP. Five-segmented; P-I with 1���2 dorsal setae, apical setae feathered or smooth; P-II with three setae on dorsum, three lateral setae in a line (feathered or not) on outer side, and 4���5 distal setae (feathered or not) and 1���2 lateral setae on inner side; P-III with six ventrodistal feathered setae on inner side, 5���6 setae in a line (feathered or not) and one anteroventral seta (feathered or not) on outer side; P-IV relatively long, with one seta at about ⅓ of the total length of the segment on outer side, and numerous setae on inner side; P-V with two dorsal and 3���4 lateral setae, and 1���2 heavy setae on outer side, 2���3 setae on inner side, and with a six-toothed claw at distal end (Figs 3C���D, 4A���B). Female (n = 2) Bright red color; similar to male; gonopore without sclerotized genital flaps; excretory pore relatively round (Fig. 1D); P-IV as broad as in the male but shorter, P-V hook-like (Fig. 3A���B). Measurements Male (n = 3) Idiosoma 1859���2539 in length, 1427���2138 in width; ACG length 695���792 (from apex of Cx-I to Cx- II base angle); PCG length 699���855 (from apex of Cx-III to Cx-IV base angle); eye plate 393���464 in length, eye bridge length 158���197, eye capsules 151���176 in length, 114���133 in width; capitulum length 596���691 (from chelicera peak to pharynx bottom), mouth opening 173���199 in diameter, pharynx 282���334 in length; gonopore length 238���282; sclerotization of excretory pore 76���79 in diameter; dorsal lengths of palp segments: P-I 114���142, P-II 157���180, P-III 154���210, P-IV 304���364, P-V 173���199; P-IV 81���97 in width; dorsal lengths of leg segments: I-L-2 340���355, I-L-3 309���324, I-L-4 382���391, I-L- 5 378���385, I-L-6 384���397. II-L-2 374���389, II-L-3 362���368, II-L-4 422���431, II-L-5 489���492, II-L-6 383���389. III-L-2 450���454, III-L-3 418���427, III-L-4 450-459, III-L-5 502���506, III-L-6 431���434. IV-L-2 453���462, IV-L-3 496���501, IV-L-4 551���557, IV-L-5 585���591, IV-L-6 448���454. Female (n = 2) Idiosoma 1725���1814 in length, 1412���1468 in width; ACG length 529���540; PCG length 540-561; eye plate 343���365 in length, eye bridge length 168���184, eye capsules 123���130 in length, 88���89 in width; capitulum length 501, mouth opening 127���152 in diameter, pharynx 254���256 in length; gonopore length 253���259; sclerotization of excretory pore 45���48 in diameter; dorsal lengths of palp segments: P-I 95��� 110, P-II 130���135, P-III 136���148, P-IV 246���256, P-V 156 (147���156), P-IV 87 (87���95) in width; dorsal lengths of leg segments: I-L-2 233���238, I-L-3 204���210, I-L-4 239���240, I-L-5 289���296, I-L-6 285���296. II-L-2 262���265, II-L-3 233���241, II-L-4 274���278, II-L-5 328���334, II-L-6 316���321. III-L-2 320���322, III-L-3 270���274, III-L-4 324���326, III-L-5 337���347, III-L-6 345���352. IV-L-2 228���231, IV-L-3 269��� 274, IV-L-4 331���338, IV-L-5 383���391, IV-L-6 369���380. Remarks Eylais (M.) hamata is widely distributed all over the world (Piersig 1897 ���1900; Halbert 1903; Sezek & ��zkan 2000). Lundblad (1936) had reported this species from Northwest China, while the previous descriptions were relatively simple (Uchida & Imamura 1951). Current specimens, which were also collected from Northwest China (Qinghaihu National Nature Reserve), are similar with the description mentioned above, especially their eye plate, which is considered as the most distinguishing feature. The only difference with the Turkish population is the body size: males ranging from 1859 to 2539, females ranging from 1725 to 1824 in our specimens, but with the Turkish population, 2250 for the male and 4200 for the female (Sezek & ��zkan 2000). This problem can be interpreted by Lanciani (1969, 1970) that the size of newly emerged eylaid mites could increase continuously in both sexes, even during their adult stages, and the gravid females could grow twice as long. In summary, we attribute our specimens to E. (M.) hamata., Published as part of Jin, Dao-Chao & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, Contributions to the knowledge of Eylaoidea (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) from China, pp. 53-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1) on pages 55-59, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1613, http://zenodo.org/record/5817957, {"references":["Piersig R. 1897 - 1900. Deutschlands Hydrachniden. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 9 (22): 7 + 1 - 601. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9095151 [accessed 17 Nov. 2021].","Halbert J. N. 1903. Notes on Irish species of Eylais. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 7 12 (71): 505 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678888","Sezek F. & Ozkan M. 2000. A study of Eylais rahmi Ozkan, 1982 (Acari: Hydrachnellae: Eylaidae). International Journal of Acarology 26 (2): 161 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950008684181","Lundblad O. 1936. Dritte Mitteilung uber neue Wassermilben aus Santa Catharina in Sudbrasilien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 116 (7 - 8): 200 - 211.","Uchida T. & Imamura T. 1951. Some water mites from China. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI (Zoology) 10 (3 - 4): 324 - 358.","Lanciani C. A. 1969. Three species of Eylais (Acari: Eylaidae) parasitic on aquatic Hemiptera. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 88 (3): 356 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3224702","Lanciani C. A. 1970. New species of Eylais (Acari: Eylaidae) parasitic on aquatic Coleoptera. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 89 (2): 169 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3224371"]}

Jin, Dao-Chao, Guo, Jian-Jun (2022): Contributions to the knowledge of Eylaoidea (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 53-70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1613, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1613

Subfamily Rhyncholimnocharinae Lundblad, 1936 Rhyncholimnocharinae Lundblad, 1936: 203. Rhyncholimnocharinae ��� Cook 1974: 41. ��� Viets 1987: 679. Diagnosis (after Cook 1974, modified) Character of the family Limnocharidae; gnathosoma attached to a long tubular extension of integument; palp segments 3 (but terminal segment may be greatly reduced giving the appearance of a two-segmented palp), occasionally 2, 4 or 5; dorsum with or without paired sclerites (Tuzovskij & Gerecke 2020). Habitat Running waters (sediment of organic detritus, dead wood and leaf litter of pools, or in mosses at stronger flow velocity). Distribution Nearctic, Neotropical, Australian and Oriental realm. Remarks There are a total of 24 species in this subfamily including the new species herein described (Tuzovskij & Gerecke 2020). Most species have a three-segmented palp, while Rhyncholimnochares tapiarum Tuzovskij & Gerecke, 2020 presents a two-segmented palp and R. expansiseta Cook, 1980 shows the phenomenon of its dorsal and ventral edges of P-I merged with the second segment (Tuzovskij & Gerecke 2020). The palp of Austrolimnochares womersleyi (Lundblad, 1952) has 4 or occasionally 3 segments (Harvey 1990). The new genus Pentachares Li & Guo gen. nov. established herein presents a five-segmented palp without any fusion. So, we modified the previous diagnosis., Published as part of Jin, Dao-Chao & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, Contributions to the knowledge of Eylaoidea (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) from China, pp. 53-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1) on pages 60-61, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1613, http://zenodo.org/record/5817957, {"references":["Lundblad O. 1936. Dritte Mitteilung uber neue Wassermilben aus Santa Catharina in Sudbrasilien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 116 (7 - 8): 200 - 211.","Cook D. R. 1974. Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 21: 1 - 860.","Viets K. O. 1987. Die Milben des Susswassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae (part.), Acari). II.: Katalog. Sonderbande des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 8: 1 - 1012.","Tuzovskij P. V. & Gerecke R. 2020. New water mite species of the genus Rhyncholimnochares Lundblad (Acariformes, Limnocharidae) from Central and South America, with a key to all known species of the genus. Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 56 (15): 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2020013","Harvey M. S. 1990. A review of the water mite family Limnocharidae in Australia (Acarina). Invertebrate Taxonomy 3: 483 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9890483"]}

Pentachares sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EAE7CCA4-5C4C-410E-B226-09B3FC6D913D Figs 6���9 Diagnosis Capitulum attached to a long tubular extension of integument; palp five-segmented, P-V attached to membranous protuberance at medioventral surface of P-IV, heavy seta and a pair of setae at distal end; dorsum without sclerites except for the frontal plate; on frontal plate, median eye invisible, rod-like O1 and A 1 sitting at anterior part, A 2 at the middle of eye capsules, bifurcated O 2 near the middle of posterior part; 50���60 acetabula per side of genital field; excretory pore with a sclerotized ring; legs without swimming setae, claws simple. Etymology Named after the country where the specimen collected. ���Sina-��� means China. Type material Holotype CHINA ��� ♀; Guangdong Province, Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve; 23��16���14��� N, 114��22���14��� E; 491 m a.s.l.; 24 Aug. 2019; Min Ao & Hai-Tao Li leg.; water depth 5���10 cm, located at the top of a hill, with organic detritus, dead wood and leaves on the bottom; GUGC, slide No. GD-LI-20190801. Description Female (n = 1) BODY. Amber in color, lateral eyes red, gnathosoma invisible in dorsal view when alive (Fig. 6). Idiosoma extremely soft and extensible, integument papillate. Dorsum without sclerites in addition to frontal plate (Fig. 7A). Gnathosoma porous, in the ventral view rounded, rostrum relatively short; mouth disk with a loop of fine setae; porous basal segment of chelicera relatively large, proximal part of cheliceral stylet connected with basal segment vertically (Fig. 7B). Anterior part of frontal plate longer than eye capsule region; anterior margin concave, sclerotized inward; median eye invisible; O 1 rod-like and terminal expanded; A 2 at the middle of eye capsules; O 2 on the convex lateromedial plate and bifurcated; posterior part of frontal plate long, lateral margins covered by small tubercles densely; posterior margin straight; keel approximately as long as the frontal plate (Fig. 7C). PALP. Five-segmented; P-I without seta; P-II with one dorsal and 3���4 ventral setae; a dorsodistal and 2 ventrolateral setae on P-III; P-IV with three ventral setae and one lateral heavy seta; P-V attached to a membranous protuberance at medioventral surface of P-IV, and bearing three setae at distal end (Fig. 8A���B). COXAE. Cx-I inner-apical angles connected by a narrow bridge. Cx-I anterior margins concave, with uniformly stout setae. E 1 and E 2 on the membranous interspace between coxal groups. Cx-III triangular; Cx-IV elongated and triangular; all coxae porous (Fig. 8C). GENITALIA. Genital field with 50���60 acetabula per side, acetabula inverted teardrop-shaped; gonopore with a slightly sclerotic plate with fine setae surrounded; a pair of elevated, longish sclerites with two apical setae behind gonopore; excretory pore with a sclerotized ring (Fig. 8C). LEGS. With numerous stout setae except by the swimming setae, terminal segments of all legs with a loop of short setae; claws simple (Fig. 9A���D). Male Unknown. Measurements Idiosoma 2083 in length (with gnathosoma not extended), 1384 in width; protrusible membrane length 291 (flexibility maybe leading to inaccuracy); ACG length 368 (from anteromedial to posteromedial corner), PCG length 451 (from anteromedial to posteromedial corner); ocular plate 388 in length (from anteromedial to posteromedial corner), anterior part length 90, eye capsule region 49 in length, 114 in width, keel length 346; chelicera length 281; infracapitulum 154 in length (from the middle of infracapitulum furrow to rostrum); excretory pore length 71, sclerotic ring 81; dorsal lengths of palp segments: P-I 18, P-II 63, P-III 27, P-IV 39, P-V 33, P-IV heavy seta length 35, P-V apical seta length 23; dorsal lengths of leg segments: I-L-1 66, I-L-2 236, I-L-3 164, I-L-4 147, I-L-5 164, I-L-6 130. II- L-1 67, II-L-2 235, II-L-3 155, II-L-4 142, II-L-5 160, II-L-6 142. III-L-1 71, III-L-2 217, III-L-3 138, III-L-4 137, III-L-5 177, III-L-6 139. IV-L-1 62, IV-L-2 264, IV-L-3 184, IV-L-4 199, IV-L-5 218, IV- L-6 172. Remarks Pentachares sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov. with five-segmented palp is clearly distinguished from other species of the subfamily Rhyncholimnocharinae, but similar to Laterolimnochares huangshanensis Jin, 1999 and Limnochares spinosa Smit & Pesic, 2014. Pentachares sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov. differs from La. huangshanensis in the following aspects: 1) with a protrusible tube of soft integument in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., while without in La. huangshanensis; 2) body color amber in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., while pink in La. huangshanensis; 3) O 1 rod-shaped in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., while pectinate in La. huangshanensis; 4) terminal heavy seta of P-V smooth in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., while feathered in La. huangshanensis; and 5) the setae on coxae short in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., but long in La. huangshanensis. Pentachares sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov. differs from Li. spinosa: 1) with a protrusible tube of soft integument in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., while without in Li. spinosa; 2) O 1 and O 2 not smooth in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., but smooth in Li. spinosa; 3) terminal heavy seta of P-IV smooth in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., but feathered in Li. spinosa; and 4) the number of acetabula 50���60 in P. sinensis Li & Guo gen. et sp. nov., while only 40���50 in Li. spinosa. The key to the subfamilies, genera and subgenera of Limnocharidae 1. Gnathosoma attached to a long protrusible tube of soft integument, the former well separated from the first coxae; palp segments 3, occasionally 2, 4 or 5; legs without swimming seta............................................................................................ Subfamily Rhyncholimnocharinae Lundblad, 1936 2 ��� Gnathosoma not attached to a long protrusible tube of soft integument; gnathosoma always adjacent to the first pair of coxae; palp segments 4 or 5; swimming setae absent or present......................... 5 2. Palp segments not fused, with 5 segments; P-V attached to the ventral surface, rather than the distal end of P-IV; dorsalia absent.................................................Genus Pentachares Li & Guo gen. nov. ��� Palp segments fused, palp with 3, occasionally 2, 4 segments......................................................... 3 3. Palp with 4 segments or occasionally 3; medial part of palp curved dorsally; without dorsalia.................................................................................................... Genus Austrolimnochares Harvey, 1998 ��� Palp with 3 segments or occasionally 2; dorsal margin of the second palp segment straight; dorsum with or without paired sclerites...............................Genus Rhyncholimnochares Lundblad, 1936 4 4. Terminal segment of palp relatively large, with much of the segment visible proximal to the terminal setae.............................................................................. Subgenus Paralimnochares Lundblad, 1937 ��� Terminal segment of palp greatly reduced, the terminal setae are prominent but the actual segment somewhat hidden.................................................. Subgenus Rhyncholimnochares Lundblad, 1936 5. Palp segments not fused, palp with 5 segments..............Subfamily Limnocharinae Grube, 1859 6 ��� Palp segments fused, palp with 4 segments.... Subfamily Neolimnocharinae Gerecke et al., 2020 * 6. P-V inserted on the medioventral portion of P-IV.................... Genus Laterolimnochares Jin, 1999 ��� P-V normally inserted on the distal end of P-IV....................Genus Limnochares Latreille, 1796 7 7. Legs with swimming setae.........................................................Subgenus Cyclothrix Wolcott, 1905 ��� Legs without swimming setae..............................................Subgenus Limnochares Latreille, 1796 * The definition of Neolimnocharinae is mainly based on larval characters. This larval-based taxonomy results in a parallel system in Limnocharidae, for which taxa have previously been based on adults. On the other hand, Gerecke et al. (2020) provided sufficient conditions to make us think that the establishment of subfamily Neolimnocharinae is reasonable. To avoid confusion in the taxonomy, four larval-based genera (Veliacola, Archaeveliacola, Armaveliacola, Isoveliacola) and genus Neolimnochares are not listed in this adult-charactered binomial key. The key to the subfamilies, genera and subgenera of Limnocharidae 1. Gnathosoma attached to a long protrusible tube of soft integument, the former well separated from the first coxae; palp segments 3, occasionally 2, 4 or 5; legs without swimming seta............................................................................................ Subfamily Rhyncholimnocharinae Lundblad, 1936 2 ��� Gnathosoma not attached to a long protrusible tube of soft integument; gnathosoma always adjacent to the first pair of coxae; palp segments 4 or 5; swimming setae absent or present......................... 5 2. Palp segments not fused, with 5 segments; P-V attached to the ventral surface, rather than the distal end of P-IV; dorsalia absent.................................................Genus Pentachares Li & Guo gen. nov. ��� Palp segments fused, palp with 3, occasionally 2, 4 segments......................................................... 3 3. Palp with 4 segments or occasionally 3; medial part of palp curved dorsally; without dorsalia.................................................................................................... Genus Austrolimnochares Harvey, 1998 ��� Palp with 3 segments or occasionally 2; dorsal margin of the second palp segment straight; dorsum with or without paired sclerites...............................Genus Rhyncholimnochares Lundblad, 1936 4 4. Terminal segment of palp relatively large, with much of the segment visible proximal to the terminal setae.............................................................................. Subgenus Paralimnochares Lundblad, 1937 ��� Terminal segment of palp greatly reduced, the terminal setae are prominent but the actual segment somewhat hidden.................................................. Subgenus Rhyncholimnochares Lundblad, 1936 5. Palp segments not fused, palp with 5 segments..............Subfamily Limnocharinae Grube, 1859 6 ��� Palp segments fused, palp with 4 segments.... Subfamily Neolimnocharinae Gerecke et al., 2020 * 6. P-V inserted on the medioventral portion of P-IV.................... Genus Laterolimnochares Jin, 1999 ��� P-V normally inserted on the distal end of P-IV....................Genus Limnochares Latreille, 1796 7 7. Legs with swimming setae.........................................................Subgenus Cyclothrix Wolcott, 1905 ��� Legs without swimming setae..............................................Subgenus Limnochares Latreille, 1796 * The definition of Neolimnocharinae is mainly based on larval characters. This larval-based taxonomy results in a parallel system in Limnocharidae, for which taxa have previously been based on adults. On the other hand, Gerecke et al. (2020) provided sufficient conditions to make us think that the establishment of subfamily Neolimnocharinae is reasonable. To avoid confusion in the taxonomy, four larval-based genera (Veliacola, Archaeveliacola, Armaveliacola, Isoveliacola) and genus Neolimnochares are not listed in this adult-charactered binomial key., Published as part of Jin, Dao-Chao & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2022, Contributions to the knowledge of Eylaoidea (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) from China, pp. 53-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1) on pages 61-67, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1613, http://zenodo.org/record/5817957, {"references":["Jin D. C. 1999. Laterolimnochares huangshanensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. of Limnocharidae from Huangshan, Anhui (Acari: Eylaoidea). Acta entomologica Sinica 42 (3): 311 - 314.","Smit H. & Pesic V. 2014. Water mites from Mount Kinabalu and the Crocker Range, Borneo, Malaysia (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with the description of 34 new species. Zootaxa 3876 (1): 1 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3876.1.1","Lundblad O. 1936. Dritte Mitteilung uber neue Wassermilben aus Santa Catharina in Sudbrasilien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 116 (7 - 8): 200 - 211.","Harvey M. S. 1998. Unusual new water mites (Acari: Hydracarina) from Australia, Part 1. Records of the Western Australian Museum 19: 91 - 106.","Gerecke R., Wohltmann A., Smith B. P. & Judson M. 2020. New taxa of the water mite family Limnocharidae (Actinotrichida: Eylaoidea) parasitising tropical water bugs of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Hemiptera: Veliidae) reveal unsuspected diversity of larval morphologies. Aquatic Insects 41 (4): 273 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650424.2020.1811876","Latreille P. - A. 1796. Precis des Caracteres Generiques des Insectes, Disposes dans un Ordre Naturel. Prevot, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58411"]}

In order to improve straw incorporation method, promote the efficient utilization of straw resources and improve soil quality in the short time, a 3-year micro-field plot experiment was carried out at a modern agriculture research station in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China. The treatments included no straw incorporation(CK), conventional chopped straw incorporation into the 0~15 cm depth(CCSI) and granulated straw incorporation into the 0~15 cm depth (GSI). And then the soil organic carbon(SOC), soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DOC/SOC at 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers and grain yields at maturity of 2013-2016 were measured. The results showed that the GSI treatment and CCSI treatment significantly increased SOC and DOC concentrations in the 0~40 cm layers in relative to CK, but the increases were mainly in the 1~1.5 years after straw returning, there was no significant difference among treatments at other times. Compared with the CCSI treatment, the average increase of SOC and DOC contents in the 0~20 cm layers during 1 years of straw incorporation under the GSI treatment were significantly increased by 6.59% and 3.00%, and those increase in the 20~40 cm layers increased by 17.36% and 12.65%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ratio of DOC/SOC in the two layers under the GSI treatment was much higher than that under the CCSI treatment, but the increasing amplitude reduced gradually with time. The grain yield under the GSI treatment was highest among the three treatments, especially in the first year after straw returning. Compared with CK and CCSI treatment, the wheat yield under the GSI treatment was increased by 9.80% and 10.82%, and the maize yield increased by 9.54% and 3.45% during the first year. Further analysis found that, GSI treatment significantly increased cost, but higher grain yields had finally got much higher net profit than other treatments. Thus, granulated straw incorporation can improve soil fertility in the short time and increase grain yield in the first year after application.

Ljania guangxiensis sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Type material. Holotype female, Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, P. R. China (23��97���33������N, 110��13���17������E, 915 m a.s.l.), water depth 10���15 cm, with many small stones and sands on the bottom, collected by Min Ao, Cai-Yun Li & Hai-Tao Li, 5-IX-2019. Paratype: 0/1/0 (mounted), same data as holotype. Slides No. GX- AT-20190510 (holotype)���GX-AT-20190511 (paratype)., Published as part of Ao, Min, Yi, Tian-Ci & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2021, The first record of the water mite genus Ljania Thor, 1898 (Acari, Hydrachnidiae Aturidae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 391-398 in Zootaxa 4970 (2) on page 395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/4761707

Ljania jini sp. nov. (Figs 1–2) Type material. Holotype male, Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, P. R. China (23°58′48′′N, 110°7′6′′E, 950 m a.s.l.), water depth 10–20 cm, with many small stones and sand on the bottom, collected by Min Ao & Hai-Tao Li, 5-IX-2019. Paratype: 0/1/0 (mounted), same data as holotype. Slides No. GX-AT-20190907 (holotype)—GX-AT-20190908 (paratype).

Genus Ljania Thor, 1898 Diagnosis. After Smit & Pe��ić (2014): Idiosoma with complete dorsal and ventral shield; dorsal furrow with one pair of lateroglandularia in shallow lateral indentations of the dorsal shield; three pairs of genital acetabula, Ac plates fused with the ventral shield in males but separate in females (Figs. 1B, 2B, 3B); a prominent ridge present on each side extending anterolaterally from insertions of IV-L; Posterolateral suture lines of Cx-IV maybe complete or completely absent; palp without projections or heavy ventral setae; Legs without sexual dimorphism, I-L obviously longer than II-L., Published as part of Ao, Min, Yi, Tian-Ci & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2021, The first record of the water mite genus Ljania Thor, 1898 (Acari, Hydrachnidiae Aturidae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 391-398 in Zootaxa 4970 (2) on page 392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/4761707, {"references":["Smit, H. & Pesic, V. (2014) Water mites from Mount Kinabalu and the Crocker Range, Borneo, Malaysia (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with the description of 34 new species. Zootaxa, 3876 (1), 1 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3876.1.1"]}

The subgenus Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) Thor, 1930 is recorded from China for the first time by description of a new species, Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) heterochaetus Long and Yi n. sp. that was collected from leaf litter of subtropical forest in Sichuan Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the subgenus by podonotal shield with four pairs of spur-like setae (j2–j4, z2), j1 short and barbed distally, setae av1 on trochanters III and IV slightly swollen with fine distal tip. The holotype of Antennoseius ningxiaensis Bai and Ma, 2006 was examined and because the leg I avoid pretarsus and claws and also tibia III bear eight setae, the species distinguished as a member of the subgenus Antennoseius (Antennoseius). A key to Chinese species of the genus Antennoseius is given., Acarologia, 61, 46-54

Two new species, Armascirus apophysis Chen and Jin n. sp. and Armascirus yulongensis Chen and Jin n. sp. are described and illustrated. Armascirus apophysis Chen and Jin n. sp. differs from all other Armascirus by presence of one apophysis on palp basifemur; A. yulongensis Chen and Jin n. sp. differs from all other Armascirus by presence of five pairs of genital setae., Acarologia, 61, 453-467

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The digestion of the strains by proteinase K. Figure S2. α-Syn aggregation assay showing differential seeding effects in cultured α-syn (A53T)-GFP cell line. Figure S3. Distribution of α-syn in the midbrain and forebrain of BAC-α-syn-GFP mice and spinal cord in wild type mice. Figure S4. Colocalization analysis of pSer129 α-syn and native α-syn-GFP in the lumbar spinal cord in BAC-α-syn-GFP mice. Figure S5. Colocalization analysis of pSer129 α-syn and microglia in the lumbar spinal cord in BAC-α-syn-GFP mice.

Bdella longicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) Description, Published as part of Wu, You-Fang, Jin, Dao-Chao, Yi, Tian-Ci, Chen, Jian-Xin & Guo, Jian-Jun, 2020, First description of immature stages and redescription of female Bdella longicornis (Acari: Prostigmata: Bdellidae), with an ontogeny of chaetotaxy, pp. 102-124 in Zootaxa 4900 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4900.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4409031, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Salvius), (4) + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542"]}