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Introduction: Special Olympics Unified Sports® organizes competitions with unified teams of athletes with intellectual impairments and partners. The athletes and partners train and play together. There are three unified sports models: competitive, player development and recreation. The roles of athletes with intellectual impairments and partners should be equal. The aim of the study was to compare the game performance of players with intellectual impairments and their partners in unified basketball. Material and methods: Materials and methods. Sixteen male teams competed in unified basketball in the Special Olympics Games. Each team consisted of 10 athletes, i.e. six players with intellectual impairments and four partners. These were divided into four ability levels (1-4). Twenty-five unified basketball games were observed, 42 variables were evaluated. The data was analyses with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U-test, with the strength of any differences indicated by effect size. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The partners obtained better values than players in 31 game indicators. The two groups were differentiated by assists, defensive rebounds, completed passes, all passes, successful passes off a dribble and turnovers while dribbling, and all dribbling on all four levels. Conclusions: The partners played a dominant role in the game. Coaches need to develop greater cohesion in the team, and the players require many training sessions together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the way coffee is represented and used in cozy games. As a genre, cozy games are defined by the concepts of safety, abundance, and softness, which together establish a sense of coziness. Coffee, commonly associated with casual and friendly social situations, has a potential to be a strong contributor to coziness within cozy games. To explore this, the authors identified 27 cozy games containing coffee-related elements, and then performed a qualitative analysis on their content. The analysis found it was comparatively rare for coffee themes to strongly impact the overall game experience; however, there was a significant tendency for coffee to amplify the game’s overall sense of coziness.

Background: The analysis of defensive game variables in handball is essential to increase the performance of a team. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse defensive success based on the game variables and situational variables that predict defensive efficiency in elite handball. Methods: The sample was composed of 1925 competition units in the defensive phase. Data from 16 matches of the XXIII Men's Handball World Championship of 2013 were analysed. The dependent variable was the defensive efficiency in each unit, and the independent variables were defensive actions, zones of field, location of the shot, numerical situation, and duration of the defense. Data were obtained from the HandballTAS tool (Handball Tactic Analysis System). The collected data were analysed quantitatively through inferential statistics (independent sample t-test) with the assistance of SPSS 22.0. Results: The defenses analysed in which an offensive foul, a ball recovery or steal, a throw block and a passive play action were recorded, achieved defensive success. In the analysis of field areas, the greatest defensive efficiency was obtained in shots from zone 1, with 60%, and from zone 2, with 54%. The highest percentages of goalkeeper effectiveness correspond to the middle zone, and the central zone. The greatest defensive efficiency was obtained in a warning of passive play situation with 70% and in numerical superiority situation with 67%. Finally, in the analysis of the duration, the greatest defensive efficiency was obtained in the half defenses (26 ≤ 50 seconds) with 60%. Conclusion: This study serves to demonstrate which defensive game variables have the greatest influence on defensive efficiency. This aspect will serve to help the coach make decisions during a handball match and increase the probability of success in each defense.

The aim of this study was to analyze the lob in professional padel, taking into account sex, the player's side of play, the direction of the lob and the efficiency of the lob. For this purpose, 2063 lobs (933 in men's and 1130 in women's) corresponding to 10 matches of the 2024 season of the Premier Padel circuit were analyzed through systematic observation. The results indicated that there is no association between the player who makes the lob according to the side of play in professional padel (p = 0.796) and the category of play (men's and women's). The distribution of lobs in these categories, both men's and women's, was distributed 50% between both players from the same pair. On the other hand, in men's professional padel, right-side players made more cross-court lobs (RTC = 3.3), while left-side players made more down-the-middle lobs (RTC = 2.0). In addition, in women's professional padel, right-side players made more cross-court lobs (RTC = 3.6), while left-side players made more down-the-middle lobs (RTC = 6.0). Finally, in men's padel, the lobs tended to overpass the opponents when they were down the middle (RTC = 4.1) and tended to not overpass when they were cross-court (RTC = 2.5). In conclusion, there are differences in the characteristics of lobs in professional padel according to sex. These results can be very useful for coaches for performing specific training on the lob according to the sex of their players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software security is an important topic that is gaining more and more attention due to the rising number of publicly known cybersecurity incidents. Previous research has shown that one way to address software security is by means of a serious game, the CyberSecurity Challenges, which are designed to raise awareness of software developers of secure coding guidelines. This game, proven to be very successful in the industry, makes use of an artificial intelligence technique (laddering technique) to implement a chatbot for human–machine interaction. Recent advances in machine learning have led to a breakthrough, with the implementation and release of large language models, now freely available to the public. Such models are trained on a large amount of data and are capable of analyzing and interpreting not only natural language but also source code in different programming languages. With the advent of ChatGPT, and previous state-of-the-art research in secure software development, a natural question arises: to what extent can ChatGPT aid software developers in writing secure software? In this work, we draw on our experience in the industry, and also on extensive previous work to analyze and reflect on how to use ChatGPT to aid secure software development. Towards this, we conduct two experiments with large language models. Our engagements with ChatGPT and our experience in the field allow us to draw conclusions on the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of the usage of this new technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the distributions of number of shots per point, point duration, point pace and technical actions during the match in professional men and women padel players. A total of 35,145 hits (3239 points; men = 1602 and women = 1637) were analyzed in 20 matches corresponding to quarterfinal, semifinal and final matches of the World Padel Tour 2020 season. The observations were conducted through systematic observation and involved a total of 32 players (16 men and 16 women). Men's points lasted 13.5–14.8 s, comprising 10–11 hits, resulting in a ratio of 0.80 shots per second, with no differences between sets. Women's points lasted longer than men's (14.4 to 16.2 s, p = 0.011) but included a similar number of shots per point, resulting in a lower rhythm of play (0.73–0.75 shots per second, p < 0.001), particularly in the third set (p = 0.004). Volleys, lobs and directs were used in >60% of the points, with a frequency of one to three times per point. Bandejas were used in 50–60% of the points, with a frequency of one to two times per point. Backwalls and flat smashes were used at least once in 30–48% of the points. Selective actions had a greater frequency of use in the third set (i.e., flat smash and smash x3 in women; forehand/backhand volleys and side-wall forehand in men), suggesting occasional changes in the style of play, but likely explained by the onset of fatigue. In conclusion, game volumes, intensity and actions remained broadly similar throughout professional padel matches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racing is one of the most prominent genres in the modern video game industry, where the games within the genre enable players to use any vehicle of their choice and win through doing series of action within gameplay. Thus, it made the genre popular over the years, spawning many famous titles such as Split Second back in 2010. Like every other video game title, Split Second also invokes the player emotion and instinct during its gameplay session. To understand the emotion and instinct aspect present in players of the game, we will use 6-11 framework which focuses on the two aspects. As part of the conclusion, Split Second game involves instincts such as Competition, Collecting, and Survival, with emotions including Fear, Pride, Joy, and Excitement, which can be found from its vast single player game modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the setter's decision-making on setting direction based on interpersonal (interaction between players) and extra personal (interaction between players and some place or object) coordination. The sample consisted of 86 sequences of play involving settings performed by males (n = 43) and females (n = 43). Fifty-nine spatiotemporal measures of interpersonal and extra personal coordination were obtained from the x and y coordinates of volleyball players' displacements using the TACTO software. Settings to each court zone were compared in relation to each spatiotemporal measure. Results showed that when the final area between attacker in the zone 3 and block was greatest and emerged from highest velocity, setters decided to set to zone 2. On the other hand, when the foregoing area was smallest and emerged from lowest velocity, setters decided to set to zones 3 and 4. It was concluded that the final area between attacker in the zone 3 and block and its emerging velocity constrained the setters' decision-making on setting direction. This study provides useful insights into the design of practice tasks in volleyball, suggesting that setters should be advised to be attuned to the interpersonal coordination involving attacker in the zone 3 and block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive dataset detailing the precise indoor positioning of players from a female amateur handball team across 10 real matches. Utilizing Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology, the dataset captures each player's x and y coordinates every second throughout the games. Additionally, a preliminary game analysis is included, specifying the initiation and termination times of each team's possession. This analysis provides a variety of labels crucial for training machine learning algorithms, encompassing distinctions such as attack or defense, structured or unstructured play, goal outcomes, and the differentiation between counter-attacks and static phases. In total, the dataset comprises 84691 positioning measurements, offering a valuable resource for in-depth study and analysis of player dynamics and game strategies in female handball.

IntroductionBasketball, introduced by Naismith as a contactless and indoor alternative to sports such as American football, now frequently involves physical contact among players, challenging the traditional notion. Up to date, a thorough understanding of these contacts and their implications remains limited. This study aims to analyze player contacts, embedding it within overall load monitoring to optimize performance and reduce injury risk.MethodsUsing a mixed-method design, video-based observations and quantitative analysis were employed to study contact characteristics during ten professional male basketball matches. Fisher exact tests and chi-squared tests (p

In the context of agricultural modernization in China, this paper examines the micro-level perspective of agricultural value chains. Drawing from three primary models of agricultural value chain cooperation—namely, "leading enterprises + small farmers", "leading enterprises + cooperatives + small farmers", and "corporate integration"—it establishes four game models: the decentralized decision-making game model, the two revenue-sharing game models, and the centralized decision-making game model. It systematically analyzes the cooperation mechanisms between leading enterprises and small farmers in upstream production links of the agricultural value chain, aiming to improve the cooperation strategy between leading enterprises and small farmers, elevate the status of small farmers in the agricultural value chain, promote increased income for farmers, and strengthen the agricultural value chain. The research findings are as follows: Firstly, the traditional contract of "leading enterprise + smallholder farmers" is incomplete, which makes it difficult to avoid opportunism and moral hazard that may arise between the two parties. By comparing multiple parameter values, it is found that this model is at a lower level of agricultural value chain development. Secondly, the model of "leading enterprise + cooperative + smallholder farmers" improves the tightness and stability of cooperation between leading enterprises and smallholder farmers. This model explains to some extent the operability of smallholder farmers sharing the value of the agricultural value chain. Compared with various parameter values, this model is at a medium level between other models. Finally, the "corporate integration" model is a fully vertical integration model. Compared with various parameter values, this model is at an advanced stage of agricultural value chain development. Therefore, agricultural value chains will ultimately develop toward the direction of corporate integration. This study has positive practical significance for enhancing the status and claim rights of small farmers, promoting increased income for farmers, enhancing the consistency of values between leading enterprises and small farmers, strengthening the stability of the agricultural value chain, and ultimately achieving common prosperity and agricultural modernization in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of finishing smashes, through the validated OASP instrument, according to their effectiveness in men's professional padel. For this purpose, 880 finishing smashes corresponding to matches of the Premier Padel Major tournament played in Qatar during the 2023 season were analysed, performing a descriptive and inferential analysis. The results indicate that 73.18 % of the finishing smashes are winners, while only 26.82 % of the finishing smashes are errors. In addition, the winning final smashes are made from the areas near the net (zones 3 (CSR = 4.9) and 4 (CSR = 5.3)) and to a lesser extent from the middle areas of the court (zones 2 (CSR = 2.6) and 5 (RTC = 2.6)) and are usually flat (CSR = 8.4), parallel (CSR = 5.4) and finishing X3 (CSR = 6.2) or X4 (CSR = 5.0). While the finishing smashes that end in error are usually made from the back court (zones 1 (CSR = 8.9) and 6 (CSR = 6.7)) and are usually cut (CSR = 11.9), crossed (CSR = 5.4) and that end in own court (stay in the net; CSR = 3.9) or opposite court (the ball hits on the glass or the fence directly; CSR = 3.5). Thus, padel players should be aware of these results in order to perform effective smashes in real competition situations to promote success in the match. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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IntroductionThis study investigated the influence of team formation on goal-scoring efficiency through analysing the time required for a goal to be scored in elite football matches.MethodThe analysis was conducted using a comprehensive open access dataset encompassing eight major football competitions, including prestigious events such as the World Cup and the UEFA Champions League. It notably focused on the competing risks framework and employed the Fine and Gray model to account for the interplay between two competing events: team A scoring and team B scoring.ResultsThrough analysis of Team A’s goal occurrences, we assessed the offensive capabilities of its formation and the defensive effectiveness of Team B’s composition in relation to the time it took for Team A to score a goal. Findings revealed that teams employing the 4-3-3 and 4-2-3-1 formations outperformed other formations (3-4-3, 3-5-2, 4-4-2, 4-5-1, 5-3-2, 5-4-1) regarding goal-scoring efficiency.DiscussionBy shedding light on the impact of team formation on goal scoring, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of some of the successful strategic aspects of elite football.

Background and Study Aim. The significance of analyzing statistical indicators is paramount, as they provide valuable insights into the distinguishing performance factors of teams. The purpose of this study: 1) to identify statistically significant differences between relevant performance factors among winning, drawing, and losing teams in the 2022 Football World Cup in Qatar; 2) explore indicators that are most strongly associated with the game results in this tournament. Material and Methods. A total of 64 matches and 32 participating teams were analyzed. The variables included in the research were: total shots, shots on target, shots off target, effectiveness, passes, passes completed, crosses, crosses against, offsides committed, offsides received, fouls received, ball possession, fouls committed, corners, corners against, yellow cards and red cards. The results are extracted from the official FIFA website. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the ordinal logistic regression with elastic net were used for data calculation. Results. The results indicate that winning teams have statistically significantly higher mean values of variables related to goals scored: total shots (p < 0.05), shots on target (p < 0.01), and effectiveness (p < 0.01). According to the information-based model selection criteria AIC (Akaike information criterion) and BIC (Bayesian information criterion) effectiveness and shots on target are the most important variables regarding game results. They, along with corners, are best associated with successful teams. In contrast, crosses, ball possession, corners against, and yellow cards are associated with less successful teams. Results suggest that teams with high ball possession and large number of crosses, but fewer shots on target, have weaker results than teams with more shots on target and less ball possession. Conclusions. The study underscores the significance of certain performance indicators, such as total shots, shots on target, and effectiveness, in predicting a team's success. These findings provide valuable insights for coaches and teams to focus on specific aspects of their game to enhance their chances of winning. Additionally, understanding the impact of variables like ball possession, crosses, corners, and yellow cards emphasizes the importance of a well-rounded strategy for achieving success in international football tournaments.

Sampling frequency of microsensors that measure the position of the players in team sports is a variable that could affect the accuracy of the measurement. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the sampling frequency on the measurement of a collective tactical behaviour variable: the total area (TA). Sixteen young U16 male soccer players participated in the study. They carried out three controlled tasks. Tactical variable was measured by a radio ultra-wide band technology (IMU; WIMU PROTM, RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain). For TA different sampling frequencies were applied (i.e. 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 4 Hz and 10 Hz). Trivial differences (p 0.05) were found between the TA values across the different amounts of inserted data per second across Task 1 (ES= 0.04-0.08), Task 2 (ES= 0.01-0.09) and Task 3 (ES= -0.03-0.04). Also High to perfect ICCs (0.91-1) and linear correlations (r= 0.961-1; p 0.01) were found among the TA values obtained through all sampling frequencies. The sampling frequency (i.e. 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 4 Hz and 10 Hz) does not affect the measurement of total area during tactical behaviour analysis but does significantly affect the change in centroid position measurement. Thus, it is recommended the use of 1 Hz to measure TA, but further studies should analyse the impact of lower than 1 Hz and greater than 10 Hz sampling frequencies to measure this collective tactical behavior.

The aim of this study was to analyze the lob in professional padel, taking into account sex, the player’s side of play, the direction of the lob and the efficiency of the lob. For this purpose, 2063 lobs (933 in men’s and 1130 in women’s) corresponding to 10 matches of the 2024 season of the Premier Padel circuit were analyzed through systematic observation. The results indicated that there is no association between the player who makes the lob according to the side of play in professional padel (p = 0.796) and the category of play (men’s and women’s). The distribution of lobs in these categories, both men’s and women’s, was distributed 50% between both players from the same pair. On the other hand, in men’s professional padel, right-side players made more cross-court lobs (RTC = 3.3), while left-side players made more down-the-middle lobs (RTC = 2.0). In addition, in women’s professional padel, right-side players made more cross-court lobs (RTC = 3.6), while left-side players made more down-the-middle lobs (RTC = 6.0). Finally, in men’s padel, the lobs tended to overpass the opponents when they were down the middle (RTC = 4.1) and tended to not overpass when they were cross-court (RTC = 2.5). In conclusion, there are differences in the characteristics of lobs in professional padel according to sex. These results can be very useful for coaches for performing specific training on the lob according to the sex of their players.

This study aimed to determine the distributions of number of shots per point, point duration, point pace and technical actions during the match in professional men and women padel players. A total of 35,145 hits (3239 points; men = 1602 and women = 1637) were analyzed in 20 matches corresponding to quarterfinal, semifinal and final matches of the World Padel Tour 2020 season. The observations were conducted through systematic observation and involved a total of 32 players (16 men and 16 women). Men’s points lasted 13.5–14.8 s, comprising 10–11 hits, resulting in a ratio of 0.80 shots per second, with no differences between sets. Women’s points lasted longer than men’s (14.4 to 16.2 s, p = 0.011) but included a similar number of shots per point, resulting in a lower rhythm of play (0.73–0.75 shots per second, p < 0.001), particularly in the third set (p = 0.004). Volleys, lobs and directs were used in >60% of the points, with a frequency of one to three times per point. Bandejas were used in 50–60% of the points, with a frequency of one to two times per point. Backwalls and flat smashes were used at least once in 30–48% of the points. Selective actions had a greater frequency of use in the third set (i.e., flat smash and smash x3 in women; forehand/backhand volleys and side-wall forehand in men), suggesting occasional changes in the style of play, but likely explained by the onset of fatigue. In conclusion, game volumes, intensity and actions remained broadly similar throughout professional padel matches.

Purpose This study investigates the association between different goal kick strategies and the success of the offensive sequence in games of the Men’s UEFA Euro 2020. The study hypothesis is that using the short pass as the goal kick strategy may generate more successful offensive sequences than the long pass strategy. Methods The data collection was accomplished by observing 595 goal kicks collected from 51 games of the referred competition. The analysed variables were the type of goal kick (short or long) and the result of the offensive sequence (successful and unsuccessful). These variables were collected through an observational instrument. The logistic regression and the association chi-square test were used to analyse the association between the type of goal kick and the offensive outcome. Results The results indicate significant associations between the variables ‘type of goal kick’ and ‘result of offensive sequence’ ( p = 0.021, z = 2.1). The regression analysis revealed that the model accurately predicts 64% of the offensive outcome based on the goal kick strategy. The short goal kick strategy was related to the unsuccessful offensive sequences, and the long goal kick strategy was associated with the successful offensive sequences. These results are contrary to the initial study hypothesis. Conclusions This study concludes that the long goal kick strategy showed more efficiency than the short goal kick strategy in obtaining possession of the ball in the offensive half.

In order to maximize personal interests, enterprises have a tendency to choose environmental pollution in exchange for corporate profits, resulting in negative externalities; the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China imposes legal regulations on the environmental infringement of enterprises in order to achieve the maximization of the use of the allocation of social resources and promote the sustainable development of society. Subsequent judicial interpretations have set a two-fold cap on the amount of punitive damages. However, in cases of extremely serious environmental damage, the two-fold cap on punitive damages for environmental infringement will create the possibility of insufficient compensation. Based on this, this paper analyzes the legal text of China’s punitive damages provisions for environmental infringement and analyzes the interrelationships between enterprises and between enterprises and potential environmental infringement victims in a game analysis. The results of the analysis show that as the amount of punitive damages for environmental infringement increases, the probability of the infringed person filing a lawsuit and that of the enterprise reducing its environmental infringement behavior also increase. In order to promote the cause of China’s sustainable development, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions for the improvement of China’s environmental legal regulation: first, the upper limit of the amount of punitive damages for environmental infringement should be canceled; second, the amount of reasonable punitive damages should be set on the basis of the damages caused by environmental infringement on human beings and the environment; lastly, in the baseline setting of the amount of punitive damages, additional factors need to be taken into account, and the amount of punitive damages should be set for the enterprises with a high degree of maliciousness. Finally, additional factors need to be considered in setting the benchmark for the amount of punitive damages, which should penalize the enterprises causing environmental infringement with a high degree of malice with heavier penalties and, at the same time, penalize the enterprises with a smaller scale of operation and economic strength with lighter penalties.

This article presents a data-driven approach called Intelligent Team Formation and Player Selection (ITFPS), aimed at assisting football coaches in making informed decisions about team formation and player selection. The proposed approach utilizes deep neural networks to evaluate the suitability of each player for different positions on the field. The problem is then formulated as finding the maximum weighted matching in a complete bipartite graph, with the objective of achieving the best possible alignment between team members and the positions designated by the coach. The Hungarian algorithm is employed to facilitate this matching process. Furthermore, the approach allows coaches to select a system of distinct representatives for each position, based on the specific qualities expected from players in a given match. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through tests conducted on four teams from the 2021–2022 English Premier League. The results indicate that ITFPS produces decisions comparable to those made by successful coaches. By optimizing team formations and enabling the utilization of rotating formations, this approach not only enhances team performance but also empowers coaches to make strategic decisions while fully leveraging the potential of their players. ITFPS serves as an intelligent assistant for coaches, complementing their strategic perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to determine the quantitative and qualitative structure of winning systems of the world's leading male table tennis players between 1970 and 2021. The study used the Wu game analysis method, modified by the authors, which consists of observing the game from playback, identifying the winning actions of a given player, and sorting and counting the actions, depending on the accuracy of the observation. The project identified all World Championships and Olympic Games medallists, resulting in 244 men's matches being analyzed. Three time periods were considered based on the ball used, including the 38 mm celluloid ball, 40 mm celluloid ball, and 40 mm plastic ball. Differences in the level structure, depending on the observation period, were assessed using the chi-squared test of independence. The Pearson contingency coefficient was calculated, and multiple comparisons were made. The research showed that the use of combinations changed slightly with changes in ball size and material. The first three strokes were very important in all periods. However, the importance of serves as direct scoring strokes decreased. These findings may be related to changes in the size and material used for ball production. The most winning serves in the game of the top men were side-spin forehand serves, which were also used most often during 3rd-ball-attack winning combinations. The number of actions won directly with a return, and in the return-counterattack combination, accounted for, and still constitute, about 30%, with an increasing number of backhand flicks. The research also showed an increase in the use of backhand strokes compared to forehand strokes. These findings should be considered when creating basic goals in table tennis training plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze the worst-case scenarios of professional futsal referees during the first and second half of official matches in the Spanish Futsal Cup using a Local Positioning System (LPS) for monitoring their movement patterns. Eight professional futsal referees (40 ± 3.43 years; 1.80 ± 0.03 m; 72.84 ± 4.01 kg) participated in the study. The external load (total distance, high-speed running distance and efforts, sprint distance and efforts, and accelerations and decelerations distances) of the referees was monitored and collected using an LPS. The results revealed significant differences in the worst-case scenarios of the futsal referees during the match according to the time window analyzed (p < 0.05). The longest time windows (120 s, 180 s, and 300 s) showed lower relative total distances in the worst-case scenarios (p < 0.05). The high-speed running distances were significatively higher in the first half for the 120 s (+2.65 m·min−1; ES: 1.25), 180 s (+1.55 m·min−1; ES: 1.28), and 300 s (+0.95 m·min−1; ES: 1.14) time windows (p < 0.05). No differences were found between the first and second half for the high-intensity deceleration distance (p > 0.05). These results will serve to prepare the referees in the best conditions for the competition and adapt the training plans to the worst-case scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The offensive tactics of basketball teams consist of a series of actions performed with the collaboration of two or more players on the court. The study aimed to determine the differences in the possessions and the points of the play-type statistics of the eight playoff teams and the other ten non-playoff teams of the 2020 to 2021 men's Euroleague season. The study sample consists of a total of 13,056 play types obtained through systematic observation methodology, which examined 272 matches involving 17 teams. Descriptive statistics and the Mann–Whitney U test was employed to obtain the findings. It was found that the catch'n & shoot, pick and roll ball handler are the most frequently used possessions and points that produced play-type statistics for all teams. Results showed that isolation (U = 3,7740.5; z = −3.93; p <.05) pick and roll handler's (U = 39,932; z = −2.91; p <.05), post-up (U = 39,878.5; z = −2.94; p <.05) and Screen-off possessions (U = 41,689; z = −2,107; p <.05) of the playoff teams were statistically higher than non-playoff teams. Positively significant differences were also observed in isolation (U = 38,172; z = −3,744; p <.05), pick and roll handler's (U = 40,278.5; z = −2,748; p <.05), post-up (U = 38,353.5; z = −3,659; p <.05), and Screen-off (U = 38,819.5; z = −3,434; p <.05) points of the playoff teams and non-playoff teams. These results show that playoff teams are prominent with the screen-off possessions and points as a team play, but post-ups, pick'n roll handlers selection, and catch'n shoot possessions and points are displayed by highly talented players. The findings may assist coaches and managers in roster building. Coaches might consider including these play-types in offensive sets and can create a more productive system. This understanding can be integrated into youth organizations' training programs to raise high-level players. Plain Language Summary: The Importance of Play Type Statistics in Men's Euroleague Basketball The offensive tactics of basketball teams consist of series of actions performed with the collaboration of two or more players on the court. These actions of the teams on the field are very important in terms of winning strategies. Recording these actions as box score is called play-type statistics. The study aimed to determine the differences in the possessions and the points of the play-type statistics of the eight playoff teams and the other ten non-playoff teams of the 2020-2021 mens Euroleague season. The data set consists of 13,056 play-types statistics were analysed by Mann–Whitney U test to determine the differences between the playoff and non-playoff teams. The catch & shoot, pick and roll ball handler are the most frequently used possessions and points that produced play-type statistics for all teams. Results showed that isolation pick and roll handler's, post-up and screen-off possessions of the playoff teams were statistically higher than non-playoff teams. Positively significant differences were also observed in isolation, pick and roll handler's, post-up, and screen-off points of the playoff teams and non-playoff teams. These results show that playoff teams are prominent with the screen-off possessions and points as a team-play, but post-ups, pick and roll handlers selection, and catch and shoot possessions and points are displayed by highly talented players. The findings may assist coaches and managers in roster building. Coaches might consider including these play-types in offensive sets and can create more productive systems. This understanding can be integrated into youth organizations' training programs to raise high-level players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess center of mass (COM) acceleration and movement during change of direction (COD) maneuvers during a competitive soccer game to elucidate situation-specific demands of COD performance. This information can assist in developing soccer-specific tests and training methods. Fifteen elite-level female youth soccer players were tracked for one game with inertial measurement units (IMU) attached to the lower back. COD movements in combination with situational patterns were identified using high-speed video. LASSO regression was used to identify the most important predictors associated with higher vertical peak accelerations (PAv) of the COM during COD movements. COD angle, running speed, contact, and challenge from the opposition were identified as important features related to higher PAv. This study adds to the literature on the demands of COD performance in soccer match-play. The unique approach with game-specific situational data from female youth players provides increased insight into the game-demands of COD and agility performance. PAv in games was higher with larger COD angles, increased running speed, or with contact when the player was challenged by the opposition. A larger study including more games is warranted to increase confidence in using these variables as a basis for training or testing agility.

In addition to the technical and tactical aspects, the influence of physiological parameters is an important aspect for the performance of handball players. In this paper, the authors aim to highlight and analyze the influence of specific indices on efficiency in the game. For this purpose, a methodology based on experimental physiological measurements and modeling with artificial neural networks (ANN) was used. The obtained results allow to conclude that the total efficiency coefficient in the game (CECG) is influenced by the measured values of the specific physiological indices. In addition, the use of the ANN can identify opportunities to improve CECG by changing these indices and, in this case, replacing pregame inactivity (PB) with a program (AB) to maintain physiological parameters at optimal levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serve and return of the serve are among the most critical technical-tactical factors influencing performance in table tennis (TT). The present study aimed to analyse sex differences in the spatial distribution of serve and serve-return in elite TT players. A total of 48 elite TT players (men: n = 24; women: n = 24) participated in the investigation. A total of 24 matches were recorded and examined, analysing 1,177 plays and 5,319 strokes in the men's competition and 950 games and 5,097 strokes in the women's competition. Technical actions were analysed using an observation tool validated by two expert TT coach with a high level of agreement (K > 0.80). Men distributed their serves over zones 1 and 2 of the table, while women more frequently selected zone 5 (p < 0.05). In men, 30.1% of the serves were near the net, 63.6% in the middle zone of the table and 6.2% in the end zone of the table, while in women, these values were 10.9%, 67.2%, and 21.8%, respectively. As for the technique of the serve-return depending on the zone of the service, in men the action of the cut from zone 1 and 2 predominated, while in women this technique was more frequent from zone 5 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the serve-return with the flip technique in zone 1, 3 and 4 was more frequent in men (p < 0.05). As for the return of the serve with the topspin technique, there were differences in zone 3, being more frequent in men (p < 0.05). Finally, the serve return with cut and defensive serve-return techniques in zones 3, 4, 5, and 6 were more frequent in women (p < 0.05). There are differences between sexes in service and return of serve actions during a match in elite players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This study investigates the association between different goal kick strategies and the success of the offensive sequence in games of the Men’s UEFA Euro 2020. The study hypothesis is that using the short pass as the goal kick strategy may generate more successful offensive sequences than the long pass strategy. Methods. The data collection was accomplished by observing 595 goal kicks collected from 51 games of the referred competition. The analysed variables were the type of goal kick (short or long) and the result of the offensive sequence (successful and unsuccessful). These variables were collected through an observational instrument. The logistic regression and the association chi-square test were used to analyse the association between the type of goal kick and the offensive outcome. Results. The results indicate significant associations between the variables ‘type of goal kick’ and ‘result of offensive sequence’ (p = 0.021, z = 2.1). The regression analysis revealed that the model accurately predicts 64% of the offensive outcome based on the goal kick strategy. The short goal kick strategy was related to the unsuccessful offensive sequences, and the long goal kick strategy was associated with the successful offensive sequences. These results are contrary to the initial study hypothesis. Conclusions. This study concludes that the long goal kick strategy showed more efficiency than the short goal kick strategy in obtaining possession of the ball in the offensive half. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to ensure the smooth implementation of convergent infrastructure engineering as the risk of sudden public events persists, allowing the engineering supply chain companies to break through the blockages to regenerate collaboratively and form a regenerated collaborative union. By establishing a mathematical game model, this paper explores the synergistic mechanism of supply chain regeneration for convergent infrastructure engineering, which takes into account cooperation and competition, investigates the impact of supply chain nodes' regeneration capacity and economic performance, as well as the dynamic changes in the importance weights of supply chain nodes, when adopting the collaborative decision of supply chain regeneration, the benefits of the supply chain system, are more than those when suppliers and manufacturers "act of one's own free will" by making decentralized decisions to undertake supply chain regeneration separately. All the investment costs of supply chain regeneration are higher than those in non-cooperative games. Based on the comparison of equilibrium solutions, it was found that exploring the collaborative mechanism of its convergence infrastructure engineering supply chain regeneration provides useful arguments for the emergency re-engineering of the engineering supply chain with a tube mathematical basis. Through constructing a dynamic game model for the exploration of the supply chain regeneration synergy mechanism, this paper provides methods and support for the emergency synergy among subjects of infrastructure construction projects, especially in improving the mobilization effectiveness of the entire infrastructure construction supply chain in critical emergencies and enhancing the emergency re-engineering capability of the supply chain.

The aim of this study was to assess center of mass (COM) acceleration and movement during change of direction (COD) maneuvers during a competitive soccer game to elucidate situation-specific demands of COD performance. This information can assist in developing soccer-specific tests and training methods. Fifteen elite-level female youth soccer players were tracked for one game with inertial measurement units (IMU) attached to the lower back. COD movements in combination with situational patterns were identified using high-speed video. LASSO regression was used to identify the most important predictors associated with higher vertical peak accelerations (PAv) of the COM during COD movements. COD angle, running speed, contact, and challenge from the opposition were identified as important features related to higher PAv. This study adds to the literature on the demands of COD performance in soccer match-play. The unique approach with game-specific situational data from female youth players provides increased insight into the game-demands of COD and agility performance. PAv in games was higher with larger COD angles, increased running speed, or with contact when the player was challenged by the opposition. A larger study including more games is warranted to increase confidence in using these variables as a basis for training or testing agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of team composition in multiplayer sports such as football has been a main area of interest within the field of the science of teamwork, which is important for improving competition results and game experience. Recent algorithms for the football team composition problem take into account the skill proficiency of players but not the interactions between players that contribute to winning the championship. To automate the composition of a cohesive team, we consider the internal collaborations among football players. Specifically, we propose a Team Composition based on the Football Players' Attributed Collaboration Network (TC-FPACN) model, aiming to identify a cohesive football team by maximizing football players' capabilities and their collaborations via three network metrics, namely, network ability, network density and network heterogeneity&homogeneity. Solving the optimization problem is NP-hard; we develop an approximation method based on greedy algorithms and then improve the method through pruning strategies given a budget limit. We conduct experiments on two popular football simulation platforms. The experimental results show that our proposed approach can form effective teams that dominate others in the majority of simulated competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed to analyse physical performance relative to peak locomotor demands of match play. Data were collected during 13 professional soccer matches. Initially, the 1-minute peak values were registered in each match, including the percentage of the total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), sprinting distance (SPD), and high-metabolic load distance (HMLD), and a total of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations (Acc+Dec). Secondly, the time (measured in minutes) spent at different percentage ranges for the 1-minute peak values registered in each match was calculated. Thirdly, the physical performance required in the different percentage ranges for the 1-minute peak values were obtained. Finally, the time and physical performance required above the 90-minute average demands were calculated. The 90-minute average for all playing positions represented ~53% of the total distance (TD), ~23.4% of high-metabolic load distance (HMLD), ~16% of high-speed running distance (HSRD), ~11% of the total of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations (Acc+Dec), and ~6% of sprinting distance (SPD) for the 1-minute peak values. Likewise, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the physical performance and time spent between specific percentage ranges for the 1-minute peak locomotor demands were also noted. In addition, all the variables reported that the physical performance required for above 90-minute average demands were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the 90-minute average demands. Therefore, these findings may guide the prescription of training intensity by considering the physical performance relative to the peak locomotor demands of match play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soccer game analysis is a key resource used in the training process. Such knowledge is achievable with modern and advanced technologies whose task is to analyze movement. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the indicators of game effectiveness in high-percentage ball possession teams (HPBPT)and those with a low percentage of ball possession (LPBPT). Materials and Methods: The study used analysis of the performance of teams in 64 matches played during the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. A platform for match analysis OPTA Sportsdata was employed. Furthermore, 31 performance indicators divided into four groups were analyzed. STATISTICA 13 PL (TIBCO Software, Palo Alto, CA, USA) software, a discriminant function, and Student’s t-test were used to conduct statistical analysis. Results: Higher values of all analyzed parameters of shots, passes, and offensive actions were obtained by HPBPT. Defensive action indicators such as interceptions, clearances, and blocking a shot were higher in LPBPT teams. The greatest impact on the effectiveness of the game was found for creating goal action, shot reliability, shot pass reliability, medium pass reliability, possession of the ball, passes attempted from free kicks, and through passes. Conclusions: The study showed the importance of higher ball possession percentages for HPBPT teams. The study brings a new perspective on ball possession as a complex phenomenon that requires regular monitoring. Teams with high sports skill levels can put pressure on opponents by keeping ball possession longer during the game-building phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serve and return of the serve are among the most critical technical-tactical factors influencing performance in table tennis (TT). The present study aimed to analyse sex differences in the spatial distribution of serve and serve-return in elite TT players. A total of 48 elite TT players (men: n = 24; women: n = 24) participated in the investigation. A total of 24 matches were recorded and examined, analysing 1,177 plays and 5,319 strokes in the men’s competition and 950 games and 5,097 strokes in the women’s competition. Technical actions were analysed using an observation tool validated by two expert TT coach with a high level of agreement (K > 0.80). Men distributed their serves over zones 1 and 2 of the table, while women more frequently selected zone 5 (p

In the context of agricultural modernization in China, this paper examines the micro-level perspective of agricultural value chains. Drawing from three primary models of agricultural value chain cooperation—namely, “leading enterprises + small farmers”, “leading enterprises + cooperatives + small farmers”, and “corporate integration”—it establishes four game models: the decentralized decision-making game model, the two revenue-sharing game models, and the centralized decision-making game model. It systematically analyzes the cooperation mechanisms between leading enterprises and small farmers in upstream production links of the agricultural value chain, aiming to improve the cooperation strategy between leading enterprises and small farmers, elevate the status of small farmers in the agricultural value chain, promote increased income for farmers, and strengthen the agricultural value chain. The research findings are as follows: Firstly, the traditional contract of “leading enterprise + smallholder farmers” is incomplete, which makes it difficult to avoid opportunism and moral hazard that may arise between the two parties. By comparing multiple parameter values, it is found that this model is at a lower level of agricultural value chain development. Secondly, the model of “leading enterprise + cooperative + smallholder farmers” improves the tightness and stability of cooperation between leading enterprises and smallholder farmers. This model explains to some extent the operability of smallholder farmers sharing the value of the agricultural value chain. Compared with various parameter values, this model is at a medium level between other models. Finally, the “corporate integration” model is a fully vertical integration model. Compared with various parameter values, this model is at an advanced stage of agricultural value chain development. Therefore, agricultural value chains will ultimately develop toward the direction of corporate integration. This study has positive practical significance for enhancing the status and claim rights of small farmers, promoting increased income for farmers, enhancing the consistency of values between leading enterprises and small farmers, strengthening the stability of the agricultural value chain, and ultimately achieving common prosperity and agricultural modernization in China.

This study aimed to analyse physical performance relative to peak locomotor demands of match play. Data were collected during 13 professional soccer matches. Initially, the 1-minute peak values were registered in each match, including the percentage of the total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), sprinting distance (SPD), and high-metabolic load distance (HMLD), and a total of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations (Acc+Dec). Secondly, the time (measured in minutes) spent at different percentage ranges for the 1-minute peak values registered in each match was calculated. Thirdly, the physical performance required in the different percentage ranges for the 1-minute peak values were obtained. Finally, the time and physical performance required above the 90-minute average demands were calculated. The 90-minute average for all playing positions represented ~53% of the total distance (TD), ~23.4% of high-metabolic load distance (HMLD), ~16% of high-speed running distance (HSRD), ~11% of the total of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations (Acc+Dec), and ~6% of sprinting distance (SPD) for the 1-minute peak values. Likewise, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the physical performance and time spent between specific percentage ranges for the 1-minute peak locomotor demands were also noted. In addition, all the variables reported that the physical performance required for above 90-minute average demands were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the 90-minute average demands. Therefore, these findings may guide the prescription of training intensity by considering the physical performance relative to the peak locomotor demands of match play.

This paper uses the advantages of blockchain technology to help construction enterprises obtain low‐interest bank loans, effectively reduce financing costs, thus improving the level of financial supply chain, innovating financial management (FM) of construction enterprises, solving the FM transformation problem of construction enterprises and promoting the sustainable development of construction enterprises, and thus doing the following work. First, this paper describes the concept and characteristics of BT and the motivation of FM of construction enterprises to use BT. Second, it analyses BT's three main application advantages in construction enterprise financing: reducing financial risks, improving the credit penetration of core enterprises, and reducing financing costs. Meanwhile, this paper summarizes the problems that should be paid attention to in implementing the current financial supply chain management strategy in enterprises. It provides a solid theoretical foundation for the research of FM transformation in construction enterprises. Finally, the overall design and functional analysis of the BT FM platform are carried out. The functions of the BT FM platform are divided into four modules: system management, credit management, contract management, and information management. Besides, their specific business processes are analysed. The research results show that BT is applicable in enterprises, and the value of each participant's financing platform can be clearly defined from the construction of BT‐based financing platform. The income quota of the owner's individual operation is 33%, and the income quota of the tripartite cooperation is also 33%, which further illustrates the effectiveness of the financial financing model of construction enterprises based on BT and the feasibility of its actual implementation in the future. In this paper, the related issues of financial supply chain management are systematically and comprehensively summarized, which has theoretical guiding significance for the research of FM transformation of construction enterprises based on BT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced delivery and cross-channel return are new phenomena in Omni-channel marketing. This paper studies a dual-channel supply chain system composed of one online retailer, one physical store, and their ordinary manufacturer. It intends to explore the pricing decisions of retailers under four scenarios concerning the question whether deliver goods in advance and use cross-channel return. We analyze the impact of the operation costs of physical stores and the transportation costs of the online retailer on the above strategies, and with numerical examples, analyze the impact of consumers' perceived value on the profits of each scenario. The results show that the default rate of consumers' unpaid balance and the cross-channel return rate directly influences the online retailer's strategy choice. The pricing of the physical store is related to the proportion of unpaid balance and return rate of the online retailer. Customers' perceived value brought by advanced delivery leads to profit changes in supply chain members and is influenced by the online retailer's cross-channel return strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: This study aims to analyze the evolution of the finalist teams in five years of the EHF Champions League and compare winning teams with defeated teams, presenting their evolution along the competition from the quarterfinals to the final; (2) Methods: A total of 35 games were analyzed, corresponding to four games per team over five seasons. Tendency lines were created according to the 13 offensive indicators of winning teams, divided into three macro categories: game actions, goals, and effectiveness of shots; (3) Results: The results indicated 21 linear tendency lines valid for the study. Winning teams presented five increasing lines (ascending line) and 16 decreasing lines (negative slope) during the competition. Assists, goals from the 6 m, and effectiveness at 6 m shots presented an increasing tendency line for winning teams, and the effectiveness of shots, the effectiveness of the organized attack, and the effectiveness of shots from 9–6 m presented a decreasing tendency line; (4) Conclusions: winning teams have more constancy during the competition. Due to the expected increased difficulty in successive matches, tendency lines tend to present decreasing slopes as teams advance toward the final. Nevertheless, winning teams need to adapt to the increasing challenge, describing growth in some key indicators, and being more regular than other teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to analyse the associations between spatiotemporal characteristics of the setting and the origin of the ball in terms of the game complexes for junior female volleyball teams. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis were applied to analyse 3.675 setting actions (Complex I = 1.593, Complex II = 2.082) in the final phase of the Greek Junior Championship. Results showed that the origin of the ball from the left lane of the court eases the setter for an accurate setting during CI while passing from the right lane incommodes the setter during CII. Regarding setting zone, for accurate setting, odds are increased by 3.2 for zone 4 during CI while decreased by 23.8 for zone 3 during CII. The junior setters' distribution of setting is predictable and creates favourable conditions for the opponent to deal with it. The improvement of junior female setters' ability to follow the team's offensive tactic regardless of the ball's origin, to manipulate passes received from the right lane of the court during CII and the acceleration of setting tempo for the wing hitters could be training goals for coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institution system is an important part of modern social governance. Government, market and social relations within the system, as well as the corresponding institutional arrangements, can be said to be the top priority. Corporate social responsibility is an outstanding case that embodies the relationship and institutional arrangement of the three in practice.Government regulation of social credit system is a good example to analysis it. The research on government regulation of social credit system itself is put forward from the perspective of government, so in the field of government regulation of social credit system, should enterprises play a role? Especially in the era of big data, a large number of data are provided by private enterprises. Without these data, it is difficult to complete the construction of big data system. If enterprises should play their role, what’s the contribution of the government? Academic and industrial circles have been expressing their own opinions on these issues.Therefore, this paper attempts to build a game model among government, enterprise and society to solve the following problems: how to solve the relationship problem among government, enterprise and society? How to build the corresponding system? What’s the corresponding government regulation of China’s social credit system go from the perspective of business ethics?Through the game model analysis, the author finds that shareholders can reduce the threat of CEO replacement and collude with the management staff members to make the cake (including the interests of stakeholders) smaller. But on the basis of the loss of stakeholders’ rights and interests, shareholders’ wealth is increasing, which also explains why more and more senior executives are trying to form collusion with stakeholders in the campaign against antitakeover and loose audit system. Shareholders’ rights and interests and stakeholders’ rights and interests present a seesaw phenomenon. The response of the stakeholders and shareholders to a better corporate governance model is consistent. That is to say, the increase of shareholders’ income is not necessarily based on the loss of stakeholders. The game model also shows that the protection of formal laws and regulations is the main factor to increase the benefits of stakeholders. Through the case of the social credit system, we will conclude that the formal laws and regulations cannot fully ensure the increase of stakeholders’ income, but also need to strengthen the transformation of institutional advantages into governance advantages, and strengthen the law enforcement. It will finally promote the further improvement of social credit system.

The aim of this study is to analyze the worst-case scenarios of professional futsal referees during the first and second half of official matches in the Spanish Futsal Cup using a Local Positioning System (LPS) for monitoring their movement patterns. Eight professional futsal referees (40 ± 3.43 years; 1.80 ± 0.03 m; 72.84 ± 4.01 kg) participated in the study. The external load (total distance, high-speed running distance and efforts, sprint distance and efforts, and accelerations and decelerations distances) of the referees was monitored and collected using an LPS. The results revealed significant differences in the worst-case scenarios of the futsal referees during the match according to the time window analyzed (p < 0.05). The longest time windows (120 s, 180 s, and 300 s) showed lower relative total distances in the worst-case scenarios (p < 0.05). The high-speed running distances were significatively higher in the first half for the 120 s (+2.65 m·min−1; ES: 1.25), 180 s (+1.55 m·min−1; ES: 1.28), and 300 s (+0.95 m·min−1; ES: 1.14) time windows (p < 0.05). No differences were found between the first and second half for the high-intensity deceleration distance (p > 0.05). These results will serve to prepare the referees in the best conditions for the competition and adapt the training plans to the worst-case scenarios.

The purpose of this paper was to review the available literature on match analysis in rink hockey. To be included in this review, the publications should have been written in English or Portuguese, have contained relevant data about match analysis in rink hockey, and have been published as original papers, reviews, book chapters, or academic works. A systematic review of Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Scopus, b-on, and Open Access Scientific Portuguese Repository (RCAAP) was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines on July 24, 2020. A risk-of-bias quality form was adapted to evaluate the publications. To make a fair comparison between studies of different designs, a percentage score was calculated as a final measure of methodological quality. From the 20 selected studies, 8 were classified as having excellent methodological quality and 12 had good methodological quality. To organize the results, the material was categorized in 2 analysis levels: (i) dependent on the type of analysis performed; (ii) based on the type of variables analysed. This review highlights that rink hockey could be characterized as a sport where half of the offensive actions end with a shot at goal, but only a small number of these shots end with a goal. Furthermore, there are differences in technical demands between player positions and reductions in movement intensity in the second halves of matches. Future research should provide more scientific knowledge on the sport, using new technologies and new approaches to study tactical sequential events.

The present study aimed to analyse the associations between spatiotemporal characteristics of the setting and the origin of the ball in terms of the game complexes for junior female volleyball teams. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis were applied to analyse 3.675 setting actions (Complex I = 1.593, Complex II = 2.082) in the final phase of the Greek Junior Championship. Results showed that the origin of the ball from the left lane of the court eases the setter for an accurate setting during CI while passing from the right lane incommodes the setter during CII. Regarding setting zone, for accurate setting, odds are increased by 3.2 for zone 4 during CI while decreased by 23.8 for zone 3 during CII. The junior setters’ distribution of setting is predictable and creates favourable conditions for the opponent to deal with it. The improvement of junior female setters’ ability to follow the team’s offensive tactic regardless of the ball's origin, to manipulate passes received from the right lane of the court during CII and the acceleration of setting tempo for the wing hitters could be training goals for coaches.

With the expanding scale of aquatic product imports, safety issues have arisen. Among them, the lack of supervision by government agencies, illegal importation by unscrupulous enterprises and the lack of regulatory bodies such as consumers are major reasons for the occurrence of unsafe imported aquatic products. Therefore, this paper adopts a two-by-two static game model between government agencies and importers, importers and consumers, and a three-way sequential dynamic game model between government agencies, importers and consumers to analyze the causes of quality and safety problems of imported aquatic products in China. The results show that when the safety problems of imported fishery products occur, consumers choose to report importers when the compensation they receive due to reporting increases or when the cost of reporting is reduced by not reporting; government agencies choose to strictly regulate importers when the cost of regulation is reduced by loose regulation and reputation loss increases, or when the revenue from fines obtained by strict regulation increases. It is further verified through empirical evidence that both government agency regulation and consumer monitoring have positive effects on importers’ self-regulation. Finally, countermeasures to ensure the quality and safety of imported aquatic products in China are proposed.

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This paper reviews existing research within two fields; game studies and cultural heritage, discovering inadequacies in current digital means of cultural heritage preservation. It is not unheard of that commercial games have been utilized to showcase them, but they tend to get glossed over in favor of serious games. Therefore, this study details two new tools that can further identify and assess the level of cultural heritage content in commercial games which will benefit not just their digital preservation, but also game developers and game design researchers. A unique conceptual framework was developed for analysing video game content specifically on four elements of cultural heritage and five elements of game components in both tangible and intangible forms. Exploratory tables of metrics were also created to quantify said content with the help of the existing Goal Question and Metric (GQM) table. They were then put to the test in two trials; Experiment I analysing 6 game franchises and Experiment II testing 28 games. Both demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of cultural heritage, much more than past works credited. Further research into this area, including adapting said tools for other game studies and commercial games usage will be possible and fruitful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]