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ObjectiveTo screen biomarkers for forensic identification of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） by non-targeted metabolomic studies on changes of urine metabolites in rats with AMI.MethodsThe rat models of the sham surgery group, AMI group and hyperlipidemia + acute myocardial infarction （HAMI） group were established. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） was used to analyze the changes of urine metabolic spectrometry in AMI rats. Principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to screen differential metabolites. The MetaboAnalyst database was used to analyze the metabolic pathway enrichment and access the predictive ability of differential metabolites.ResultsA total of 40 and 61 differential metabolites associated with AMI and HAMI were screened, respectively. Among them, 22 metabolites were common in both rat models. These small metabolites were mainly concentrated in the niacin and nicotinamide metabolic pathways. Within the 95% confidence interval, the area under the curve （AUC） values of receiver operator characteristic curve for N8-acetylspermidine, 3-methylhistamine, and thymine were greater than 0.95.ConclusionN8-acetylspermidine, 3-methylhistamine, and thymine can be used as potential biomarkers for AMI diagnosis, and abnormal metabolism in niacin and nicotinamide may be the main causes of AMI. This study can provide reference for the mechanism and causes of AMI identification.

Talent is one of the basic and strategic supports for building a modern socialist country in all aspects. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine major and the cultivation of innovative talents in forensic medicine have become hot topics in higher education in forensic medicine. Over the past 43 years, the forensic medicine team of Shanxi Medical University has adhered to the joint education of public security and colleges, and made collaborative innovation, forming a training mode of “One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One” for innovative talents in forensic medicine. It has carried out “5+3/X” integrated reform, and formed a relatively complete talent training innovation mode and management system in teaching, scientific research, identification, major, discipline, team, platform and cultural construction. It has made a historic contribution to China’s higher forensic education, accumulated valuable experience for the construction of first-class major and first-class discipline of forensic medicine, and provided strong support for the construction of the national new forensic talent training system. The popularization of this training mode is conducive to the rapid and sustainable development of forensic science, and provides more excellent forensic talents for national building, regional social development and the discipline construction of forensic science.

ObjectiveTo explore the differential expression of messenger RNA （mRNA） in myocardial tissues of rats with sudden coronary death （SCD）, and to provide ideas for the forensic identification of SCD.MethodsThe rat SCD model was established, and the transcriptome sequencing was performed by next-generation sequencing technology. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in myocardial tissues of SCD rats were screened by using the R package limma. A protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2 on DEG, and hub genes were screened based on cytoHubba plug-in. Finally, the R package clusterProfiler was used to analyze the biological function and signal pathway enrichment of the selected DEG.ResultsA total of 177 DEGs were associated with SCD and were mainly involved in the renin-angiotensin system and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The genes including angiotensinogen （AGT）, complement component 4a （C4a）, Fos proto-oncogene （FOS） and others played key roles in the development of SCD.ConclusionGenes such as AGT, C4a, FOS and other genes are expected to be potential biomarkers for forensic identification of SCD. The study based on mRNA expression profile can provide a reference for forensic identification of SCD.

ObjectiveTo explore the mRNA differential expressions and the sequential change pattern in acute myocardial infarction （AMI） mice.MethodsThe AMI mice relevant dataset GSE4648 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO）. In the dataset， 6 left ventricular myocardial tissue samples were selected at 0.25， 1， 4， 12， 24 and 48 h after operation in AMI group and sham control group， and 6 left ventricular myocardial tissue samples were selected in blank control group， a total of 78 samples were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were analyzed by R/Bioconductor package limma， functional pathway enrichment analysis was performed by clusterProfiler， protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by STRING database and Cytoscape software， the key genes were identified by Degree topological algorithm， cluster sequential changes on DEGs were analyzed by Mfuzz.ResultsA total of 1 320 DEGs were associated with the development of AMI. Functional enrichment results included cellular catabolic process， regulation of inflammatory response， development of muscle system and vasculature system， cell adhesion and signaling pathways mainly enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway. The key genes of AMI included MYL7， TSC22D2， HSPA1A， BTG2， NR4A1， RYR2 were up-regulated or down-regulated at 0.25-48 h after the occurrence of AMI.ConclusionThe functional signaling pathway of DEGs and the sequential expression of key genes in AMI may provide a reference for the forensic identification of AMI.

Objectives: To analyze the literature on artificial intelligence in forensic research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection Database, to explore research hotspots and developmental trends., Methods: A total of 736 articles on artificial intelligence in forensic medicine in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022 were visualized and analyzed through the literature measuring tool CiteSpace. The authors, institution, country (region), title, journal, keywords, cited references and other information of relevant literatures were analyzed., Results: A total of 736 articles published in 220 journals by 355 authors from 289 institutions in 69 countries (regions) were identified, with the number of articles published showing an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the United States had the highest number of publications and China ranked the second. Academy of Forensic Science had the highest number of publications among the institutions. Forensic Science International , Journal of Forensic Sciences , International Journal of Legal Medicine ranked high in publication and citation frequency. Through the analysis of keywords, it was found that the research hotspots of artificial intelligence in the forensic field mainly focused on the use of artificial intelligence technology for sex and age estimation, cause of death analysis, postmortem interval estimation, individual identification and so on., Conclusions: It is necessary to pay attention to international and institutional cooperation and to strengthen the cross-disciplinary research. Exploring the combination of advanced artificial intelligence technologies with forensic research will be a hotspot and direction for future research.

Aim: To investigate the expression of mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A in drug-related fatal anaphylaxis., Methods: The expression of mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A in 15 autopsy cases of drug-related fatal anaphylaxis and 20 normal autopsy cases were detected. First, the expression of mast cell tryptase was determined in stomach, jejunum, lung, heart, and larynx by immunofluorescence. Different tissues were removed and fixed in paraformaldehyde solution, then paraffin sections were prepared for immunofluorescence. Using specific mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A antibodies, the expression of tryptase and carboxypeptidase A in gastroenterology tract and other tissues were observed using fluorescent microscopy. The postmortem serum and pericardial fluid were collected from drug-related fatal anaphylaxis and normal autopsy cases. The level of mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A in postmortem serum and pericardial fluid were measured using fluor enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (FEIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The expression of mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A was analyzed in drug-related fatal anaphylaxis cases and compared to normal autopsy cases., Results: The expression of carboxypeptidase A was less in the gastroenterology tract and other tissues from anaphylaxis-related death cadavers than normal controls. Immunofluorescence revealed that tryptase expression was significantly increased in multiple organs, especially the gastrointestinal tract, from anaphylaxis-related death cadavers compared to normal autopsy cases (46.67 ± 11.11 vs 4.88 ± 1.56 in stomach, 48.89 ± 11.02 vs 5.21 ± 1.34 in jejunum, 33.72 ± 5.76 vs 1.30 ± 1.02 in lung, 40.08 ± 7.56 vs 1.67 ± 1.03 in larynx, 7.11 ± 5.67 vs 1.10 ± 0.77 in heart, P < 0.05). Tryptase levels, as measured with FEIA, were significantly increased in both sera (43.50 ± 0.48 μg/L vs 5.40 ± 0.36 μg/L, P < 0.05) and pericardial fluid (28.64 ± 0.32 μg/L vs 4.60 ± 0.48 μg/L, P < 0.05) from the anaphylaxis group in comparison with the control group. As measured by ELISA, the concentration of carboxypeptidase A was also increased more than 2-fold in the anaphylaxis group compared to control (8.99 ± 3.91 ng/mL vs 3.25 ± 2.30 ng/mL in serum, 4.34 ± 2.41 ng/mL vs 1.43 ± 0.58 ng/mL in pericardial fluid, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Detection of both mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A could improve the forensic identification of drug-related fatal anaphylaxis.