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2. Applying separative non-negative matrix factorization to extra-financial data

Author

Fogel, P, Geissler, C, Cotte, P, and Luta, G

Subjects
Quantitative Finance - Computational Finance, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We present here an original application of the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method, for the case of extra-financial data. These data are subject to high correlations between co-variables, as well as between observations. NMF provides a much more relevant clustering of co-variables and observations than a simple principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, we show that an initial data separation step before applying NMF further improves the quality of the clustering.

Published
2022

3. Online Bayesian inference for multiple changepoints and risk assessment

Author

Sorba, Olivier and Geissler, C

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

The aim of the present study is to detect abrupt trend changes in the mean of a multidimensional sequential signal. Directly inspired by papers of Fernhead and Liu ([4] and [5]), this work describes the signal in a hierarchical manner : the change dates of a time segmentation process trigger the renewal of a piece-wise constant emission law. Bayesian posterior information on the change dates and emission parameters is obtained. These estimations can be revised online, i.e. as new data arrive. This paper proposes explicit formulations corresponding to various emission laws, as well as a generalization to the case where only partially observed data are available. Practical applications include the returns of partially observed multi-asset investment strategies, when only scant prior knowledge of the movers of the returns is at hand, limited to some statistical assumptions. This situation is different from the study of trend changes in the returns of individual assets, where fundamental exogenous information (news, earnings announcements, controversies, etc.) can be used.

Published
2021

4. Recommendations on compiling test datasets for evaluating artificial intelligence solutions in pathology

Author

Homeyer, A., Geißler, C., Ole Schwen, L., Zakrzewski, F., Evans, T., Strohmenger, K., Westphal, M., David Bülow, R., Kargl, M., Karjauv, A., Munné-Bertran, I., Orge Retzlaff, C., Romero-López, A., Sołtysiński, T., Plass, M., Carvalho, R., (0000-0002-4974-230X) Steinbach, P., Lan, Y.-C., Bouteldja, N., Haber, D., Rojas-Carulla, M., Vafaei Sadr, A., Kraft, M., Krüger, D., Fick, R., Lang, T., Boor, P., Müller, H., Hufnagl, P., Zerbe, N., Homeyer, A., Geißler, C., Ole Schwen, L., Zakrzewski, F., Evans, T., Strohmenger, K., Westphal, M., David Bülow, R., Kargl, M., Karjauv, A., Munné-Bertran, I., Orge Retzlaff, C., Romero-López, A., Sołtysiński, T., Plass, M., Carvalho, R., (0000-0002-4974-230X) Steinbach, P., Lan, Y.-C., Bouteldja, N., Haber, D., Rojas-Carulla, M., Vafaei Sadr, A., Kraft, M., Krüger, D., Fick, R., Lang, T., Boor, P., Müller, H., Hufnagl, P., and Zerbe, N.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) solutions that automatically extract information from digital histology images have shown great promise for improving pathological diagnosis. Prior to routine use, it is important to evaluate their predictive performance and obtain regulatory approval. This assessment requires appropriate test datasets. However, compiling such datasets is challenging and specific recommendations are missing. A committee of various stakeholders, including commercial AI developers, pathologists, and researchers, discussed key aspects and conducted extensive literature reviews on test datasets in pathology. Here, we summarize the results and derive general recommendations on compiling test datasets. We address several questions: Which and how many images are needed? How to deal with low-prevalence subsets? How can potential bias be detected? How should datasets be reported? What are the regulatory requirements in different countries? The recommendations are intended to help AI developers demonstrate the utility of their products and to help pathologists and regulatory agencies verify reported performance measures. Further research is needed to formulate criteria for sufficiently representative test datasets so that AI solutions can operate with less user intervention and better support diagnostic workflows in the future.

Published
2022

5. Endothelial ENPP2 (Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 2) Increases Atherosclerosis in Female and Male Mice

Author

Karshovska, E., Mohibullah, R., Zhu, M.Y., Zahedi, F., Thomas, D., Magkrioti, C., Geissler, C., Megens, R.T.A., Bianchini, M., Nazari-Jahantigh, M., Ferreiros, N., Aidinis, V., Schober, A., Karshovska, E., Mohibullah, R., Zhu, M.Y., Zahedi, F., Thomas, D., Magkrioti, C., Geissler, C., Megens, R.T.A., Bianchini, M., Nazari-Jahantigh, M., Ferreiros, N., Aidinis, V., and Schober, A.

Abstract

Background: Maladapted endothelial cells (ECs) secrete ENPP2 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2; autotaxin)-a lysophospholipase D that generates lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs). ENPP2 derived from the arterial wall promotes atherogenic monocyte adhesion induced by generating LPAs, such as arachidonoyl-LPA (LPA20:4), from oxidized lipoproteins. Here, we aimed to determine the role of endothelial ENPP2 in the production of LPAs and atherosclerosis. Methods: We quantified atherosclerosis in mice harboring loxP-flanked Enpp2 alleles crossed with Apoe(-/-) mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the EC-specific bone marrow X kinase promoter after 12 weeks of high-fat diet feeding. Results: A tamoxifen-induced EC-specific Enpp2 knockout decreased atherosclerosis, accumulation of lesional macrophages, monocyte adhesion, and expression of endothelial CXCL (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand) 1 in male and female Apoe(-/-) mice. In vitro, ENPP2 mediated the mildly oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-induced expression of CXCL1 in aortic ECs by generating LPA20:4, palmitoyl-LPA (LPA16:0), and oleoyl-LPA (LPA18:1). ENPP2 and its activity were detected on the endothelial surface by confocal imaging. The expression of endothelial Enpp2 established a strong correlation between the plasma levels of LPA16:0, stearoyl-LPA (LPA18:0), and LPA18:1 and plaque size and a strong negative correlation between the LPA levels and ENPP2 activity in the plasma. Moreover, endothelial Enpp2 knockout increased the weight of high-fat diet-fed male Apoe(-/-) mice. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the expression of ENPP2 in ECs promotes atherosclerosis and endothelial inflammation in a sex-independent manner. This might be due to the generation of LPA20:4, LPA16:0, and LPA18:1 from mildly oxidized lipoproteins on the endothelial surface.

Published
2022

7. PS1331 MYELOMONOCYTIC SKEWING IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: PHENOTYPIC, GENOTYPIC AND BIOLOGIC FEATURES AND IMPACT ON SURVIVAL

Author

Geissler, K., primary, Jäger, E., additional, Barna, A., additional, Gurbisz, M., additional, Marschon, R., additional, Graf, T., additional, Graf, E., additional, Borjan, B., additional, Jilch, R., additional, Geissler, C., additional, Hörmann, G., additional, Esterbauer, H., additional, Schwarzinger, I., additional, Nösslinger, T., additional, Pfeilstöcker, M., additional, Tüchler, H., additional, Reisner, R., additional, Sliwa, T., additional, Keil, F., additional, Bettelheim, P., additional, Machherndl-Spandl, S., additional, Zach, O., additional, Weltermann, A., additional, Heibl, S., additional, Thaler, J., additional, Zebisch, A., additional, Sill, H., additional, Stauder, R., additional, Webersinke, G., additional, Petzer, A., additional, Kusec, R., additional, Ulsperger, E., additional, Schneeweiss, B., additional, Berger, J., additional, Öhler, L., additional, Germing, U., additional, Sperr, W.R., additional, Knöbl, P., additional, Jäger, U., additional, and Valent, P., additional

Published
2019
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8. Combined Therapy of two RTKs: Erbitux und BGJ398 treatment in HNSCC cell lines

Author

Geißler, C, Gabrielpillai, J, Stein, S, Diensthuber, M, Wagenblast, J, and Stöver, T

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) derive from the mucosa of the aerodigestive area and still have worse prognoses. Despite of new treatment strategies like the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody Erbitux the survival rates have not increased yet. The native mucosa expresses several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) like EGFR and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) that regulate survival and proliferation. We hypnotized that the tumor cells can switch between the different RTKs to overcome the therapy. To improve therapy in HNSCC, this study determined the effectiveness of a combined treatment targeting EGFR and FGFR. In an in-vitro drug trial Detroit-562, CAL-27 and PJ-15 cell lines were studied. BGJ398 (Novartis) that inhibits FGFRs and/or Erbitux (Merck) treatment was performed. Apoptosis was verified by caspases activity. The expression of the different RTKs was determined by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The cell lines expressed EGFR, KGFR and low amounts of FGFR1 and FGFR3. In all tested cell lines, the treatment with BGJ398 or Erbitux significantly reduce survival and proliferation. The combination of both drugs enhanced the effect at lower concentrations compared to the single drug treatment. This study demonstrated that the combination of BGJ-398 and Erbitux is a promising treatment regime for HNSCCs. In the future, the reduction in drug concentrations may reduce side effects. Supported by: Novartis Pharma GmbH Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an., GMS Current Posters in Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; 13:Doc229

Published
2017

9. Somatotropin verbessert das Wachstum von Stammzellkolonien des neonatalen Spiralganglions

Author

Diensthuber, M, Gabrielpillai, J, Stock, B, Geissler, C, and Stöver, T

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Einleitung: Das Wachstumshormon Somatotropin ist ein entscheidender Faktor im Rahmen der embryonalen Entwicklung des zentralen Nervensystems. Kürzlich wurde auch eine Bedeutung dieses Proteohormons für das Überleben neuraler Stammzellen des Gehirns nachgewiesen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 88. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie

Published
2017
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14. Toward a methodical framework for comprehensively assessing forest multifunctionality

Author

Trogisch, S., Schuldt, A., Bauhaus, J., Blum, J.A., Both, S., Buscot, Francois, Castro-Izaguirre, N., Chesters, D., Durka, Walter, Eichenberg, David, Erfmeier, A., Fischer, M., Geißler, C., Germany, M.S., Goebes, P., Gutknecht, Jessica, Hahn, Christoph, Haider, S., Haerdtle, W., He, J.-S., Hector, A., Hönig, L., Huang, Y., Klein, A.-M., Kühn, P., Kunz, M., Leppert, K., Li, Y., Liu, X., Niklaus, P.A., Pei, Z., Pietsch, K.A., Prinz, R., Proß, T., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmidt, K., Scholten, T., Seitz, S., Song, Z., Staab, M., von Oheimb, G., Weißbecker, Christina, Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Yang, B., Yang, X., Zhu, C.-D., Schmid, B., Ma, K., Bruelheide, H., Trogisch, S., Schuldt, A., Bauhaus, J., Blum, J.A., Both, S., Buscot, Francois, Castro-Izaguirre, N., Chesters, D., Durka, Walter, Eichenberg, David, Erfmeier, A., Fischer, M., Geißler, C., Germany, M.S., Goebes, P., Gutknecht, Jessica, Hahn, Christoph, Haider, S., Haerdtle, W., He, J.-S., Hector, A., Hönig, L., Huang, Y., Klein, A.-M., Kühn, P., Kunz, M., Leppert, K., Li, Y., Liu, X., Niklaus, P.A., Pei, Z., Pietsch, K.A., Prinz, R., Proß, T., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmidt, K., Scholten, T., Seitz, S., Song, Z., Staab, M., von Oheimb, G., Weißbecker, Christina, Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wubet, Tesfaye, Yang, B., Yang, X., Zhu, C.-D., Schmid, B., Ma, K., and Bruelheide, H.

Abstract

Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has extended its scope from communities that are short-lived or reshape their structure annually to structurally complex forest ecosystems. The establishment of tree diversity experiments poses specific methodological challenges for assessing the multiple functions provided by forest ecosystems. In particular, methodological inconsistencies and nonstandardized protocols impede the analysis of multifunctionality within, and comparability across the increasing number of tree diversity experiments. By providing an overview on key methods currently applied in one of the largest forest biodiversity experiments, we show how methods differing in scale and simplicity can be combined to retrieve consistent data allowing novel insights into forest ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, we discuss and develop recommendations for the integration and transferability of diverse methodical approaches to present and future forest biodiversity experiments. We identified four principles that should guide basic decisions concerning method selection for tree diversity experiments and forest BEF research: (1) method selection should be directed toward maximizing data density to increase the number of measured variables in each plot. (2) Methods should cover all relevant scales of the experiment to consider scale dependencies of biodiversity effects. (3) The same variable should be evaluated with the same method across space and time for adequate larger-scale and longer-time data analysis and to reduce errors due to changing measurement protocols. (4) Standardized, practical and rapid methods for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem functions should be promoted to increase comparability among forest BEF experiments. We demonstrate that currently available methods provide us with a sophisticated toolbox to improve a synergistic understanding of forest multifunctionality. However, these methods require further adjustment to the specific requir

Published
2017

15. Vergleich von Erkrankungsalter, TNM-Klassifikation und histologische Differenzierung bei Patienten mit HPV-positivem und -negativem Larynxkarzinomen – eine retrospektive Analyse

Author

Hirth, D, Stöver, T, Geißler, C, and Wagenblast, J

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Einleitung: HPV-positive Oropharynx-Karzinome unterscheiden sich bezüglich des Alters bei Erstdiagnose, dem TNM-Stadium sowie dem histologischen Grading von HPV-negativen Oropharynx-Karzinomen. Für HPV-positive Larynxkarzinome ist dieser Zusammenhang bisher weit weniger gut untersucht. Wir untersuchten diese Eigenschaften an Gewebeproben unserer Klinik. Methoden: Insgesamt standen Datensätze von 118 Patienten mit gesichertem Plattenepithelkarzinom des Larynx zur Verfügung. Hiervon waren 20 (17%) HPV-positiv. Das Alter bei Erstdiagnose, die TNM-Klassifikation sowie das histologische Grading wurden aus den Patientenakten und unserer Tumordatenbank ermittelt. Ergebnisse: HPV-positive Patienten erkrankten im Durchschnitt 7,2 Monate früher als die HPV-negativen Patienten (p = 0,827). Die Unterschiede in der T-Klassifikation zwischen beiden Gruppen waren gering. In den frühen Tumorstadien T1 und T2 befanden sich 57,8% aller HPV-positiven Patienten. Bei den HPV-negativen Patienten betrug dieser Anteil 54,6%. Bei HPV-positiven Patienten zeigte sich häufiger ein N0-Status bei Diagnosestellung (63,2% versus 55,1%). In den Stadien N1-N3 zeigten sich kaum Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen (p = 0,763). Im histologischen Grading wiesen die HPV-positiven Patienten häufiger eine histologisch hohe oder mäßige Differenzierung auf als HPV-negativen Patienten (94,7% versus 77,7%). Schlussfolgerungen: Unsere Untersuchungen zeigen einen Trend hin zu einem früheren Erkrankungsalter bei HPV-positiven Patienten. Weiterhin sollte an größeren Kollektiven überprüft werden, ob HPV-positive Larynxkarzinome anhand dieser Kriterien eine eigene Entität innerhalb der Larynxkarzinome darstellen. Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an., GMS Current Posters in Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; 12:Doc126

Published
2016
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16. HPV-16-Prävalenz und HPV-abhängiges Gesamtüberleben in Abhängigkeit der HNSCC-Subregion: eine retrospektive Analyse von 279 Patienten mit einem HNSCC

Author

Tahtali, A, Hirth, D, Geißler, C, Wagenblast, J, and Stöver, T

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Einleitung: Zahlreiche Studien belegen einen ätiologischen Zusammenhang zwischen einer HPV-16-Infektion und dem Risiko an einem Oropharynx-Karzinom (OC) zu erkranken. Ebenfalls als gesichert gilt, dass ein positiver HPV-16-Status bei OC mit einem besseren Gesamtüberleben (GÜ) assoziiert ist. Es gibt jedoch vergleichsweise wenige Studien, welche die HPV-Prävalenz in anderen HNSCC-Subregionen untersucht haben. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es die Verteilung der HPV-16-Prävalenz und das HPV-16-abhängige GÜ in den drei relevantesten HNSCC-Subregionen zu untersuchen. Methodik: Retrospektiv wurden Gewebeproben von insgesamt 279 Patienten mit einem HNSCC untersucht. Diese setzten sich wie folgt zusammen: 104 OPC, 118 Larynxkarzinome (LC) und 57 Hypopharynxkarzinome (HPC). Der HPV-Nachweis erfolgte mittels PCR und p16-Immunhistochemie. Das HPV-abhängige GÜ wurde statistisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die HPV-16-Prävalenz in den einzelnen HNSCC-Subregionen war folgendermaßen verteilt: OPC 11.5% (n=12), LC 17% (n=20) und HPC 28.1% (n=16). Durchschnittlich zeigten in allen HNSCC-Subregionen die HPV-16-positiven Patienten einen Überlebensvorteil gegenüber den HPV-negativen. Die Zunahme der Überlebensrate betrug: OC +48% (p=0.04), LC +45.6% (p=0.061), HPC +39% (p=0.706). Allerdings war dieser Überlebensvorteil lediglich in der Gruppe der OC statistisch signifikant (p=0.04). Schlussfolgerungen: Neben den OC zeigen auch andere HNSCC-Subregionen eine relevante Rate an HPV-16-Infektionen. Allerdings konnte ein vom HPV-Status abhängiger, positiver Effekt auf die Überlebensrate nur in der Gruppe der OC nachgewiesen werden. Es besteht somit der Verdacht, dass die Relevanz der HP-Viren hinsichtlich der Ätiologie und Prognose von HNSCC innerhalb der einzelnen Subregionen stark variiert. Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an., GMS Current Posters in Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; 12:Doc029

Published
2016
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17. Der prognostische und prädiktive Wert von Ki67 bei fortgeschrittenen HNSCC

Author

Tahtali, Aykut, Leinung, Martin, Mühleib, C., Geißler, C., Stöver, Timo, Wagenblast, Jens, and Baghi, M.

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Einleitung: Es existiert eine evidente Datenlage, dass der Proliferationsmarker Ki67 beim Mammakarzinom mit der Prognose korreliert. Bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich (HNSCC) findet Ki67 bisher lediglich in der pathologischen Diagnostik routinemäßige Anwendung. Vor diesem Hintergrund[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 86. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie

Published
2015

19. HPV-Status in HNSCC des Hypopharynx und Larynx – eine retrospektive Analyse

Author

Hirth, D, Geißler, C, Stöver, T, and Wagenblast, J

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Einleitung: In den vergangenen Jahren konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Infektion mit dem humanen Papillomavirus einen unabhängigen Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines Oropharynx-Karzinoms darstellt. Wir untersuchten die Prävalenz der High risk-Typen Typen 16 und 18 in Tumorgewebeproben des Hypopharynx und Larynx unserer klinikeigenen Gewebebank. Methoden: Der HPV-Nachweis erfolgte zunächst mittels einer Screening PCR. Die hier positiven Proben wurden in einer nachfolgenden zweiten PCR auf die high risk-Typen HPV 16 und HPV 18 untersucht. Desweiteren wurde immunhistochemisch die Expression von p16 untersucht. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 98 Gewebeproben untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich in 13 Proben (13%) eine Infektion mit HPV 16. In einer Gewebeprobe (1%) konnte die Infektion mit HPV 18 nachgewiesen werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Unsere Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass die high risk-Typen HPV 16 und HPV 18 auch in der Carcinogenese von Hypopharynx- und Larynxkarzinomen eine Rolle spielen. Hier sollte weiter untersucht werden, ob sich die HPV typischen Tumorcharakteristika, insbesondere die verbesserte Prognose von HPV-positiven Tumoren, auch für Hypopharynx- und Larynxkarzinome nachweisen lässt. Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an., GMS Current Posters in Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; 10:Doc144; ISSN 1865-1038

Published
2014
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20. Young Investigator Abstract Session - Vascular258Pro-atherogenic miR-103 inhibits endothelial proliferation by targeting lncWDR59259Circulating long-non coding RNA LIPCAR and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus260Circulating thrombospondin-1 inhibits coronary blood flow reserve in aging hearts through a CD-47-dependent decrease in NO in coronary arterioles261Endothelial cell adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 is critically involved in vascular development and homeostasis in vivo262Sympathetic transmission in perivascular adipose tissue function in health and obesity

Author

Natarelli, L, primary, De Gonzalo Calvo, D, primary, Leblanc, AJ, primary, Lunella, FF, primary, Saxton, S, primary, Hartmann, P, additional, Wei, Y, additional, Geissler, C, additional, Csaba, G, additional, Zimmer, R, additional, Schober, A, additional, Schottmer, F, additional, Bang, C, additional, Toro, R, additional, Van Der Meer, RW, additional, Rijzewijk, LJ, additional, Smit, JWA, additional, Lamb, HJ, additional, Llorente-Cortes, V, additional, Thum, T, additional, Nevitt, CD, additional, Mckenzie, G, additional, Christian, K, additional, Austin, J, additional, Hencke, S, additional, Gatsiou, A, additional, Grote, P, additional, Amrhein, C, additional, Doddaballapur, A, additional, Braun, T, additional, Zeiher, A, additional, Dimmeler, S, additional, Stellos, K, additional, Withers, SB, additional, Ohanian, J, additional, and Heagerty, AM, additional

Published
2016
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23. Tumorheterogenität versus Therapieansprechen – die Tumorstammzelle, ein Erklärungsversuch

Author

Wagenblast, J, Geißler, C, and Stöver, T

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Einleitung: Plattenepithelkarzinome des Kopf- und Halses sind die 6 häufigste Krebserkrankung weltweit.Eine Erklärung für die schlechte Prognose ist die Tumorheterogenität und das daraus resultierende ungleiche ansprechen des Tumors auf die Therapie. Das Model der Krebsstammzellen(CSC)[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 84. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie

Published
2013
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24. Looking into the future, what do we see?

Author

Nestle, M., James, W. P. T., Annan, R., Margetts, B., Geissler, C., Kuhnlein, H., Schuftan, C., Cannon, G., Yngve, A., Popkin, B., Uauy, R., Jonsson, U., Rayner, G., and Lang, T.

Subjects
HM
Abstract

This series of short communications introduces and celebrates the occasion of World Nutrition Rio2012, and looks ahead. There will be another series published next month in our May issue, which will be on-line early, at 0001 GMT on Thursday 26 April, the day before Rio2012 begins.\ud \ud The questions and answers: Our contributors, this month and next month, have been asked to write within a standard framework, based on their knowledge and experience, in a style comparable with those of the news and comment sections of journals concerned with public health. Their contributions are judgements, as any policy statements are and must be. The first question is about Rio2012 itself. The second question is addressed to young colleagues. All the questions are designed to look forward and to advise, warn and encourage.\ud \ud What do I hope Rio2012 will achieve?\ud My advice to a young public health nutritionist\ud When I am optimistic, what is my vision?\ud When I am pessimistic, what do I foresee?\ud My most highly recommended writer\ud One choice of my own publications

Published
2012

29. Relationships between soil microorganisms, plant communities, and soil characteristics in Chinese subtropical forests

Author

Wu, Y.T., Gutknecht, Jessica, Nadrowski, K., Geißler, C., Kühn, P., Scholten, T., Both, S., Erfmeier, A., Böhnke, M., Bruelheide, H., Wubet, Tesfaye, Buscot, Francois, Wu, Y.T., Gutknecht, Jessica, Nadrowski, K., Geißler, C., Kühn, P., Scholten, T., Both, S., Erfmeier, A., Böhnke, M., Bruelheide, H., Wubet, Tesfaye, and Buscot, Francois

Abstract

We analyzed the influence of above- and belowground factors on the soil microbial community in a Chinese subtropical forest, one of the most diverse biomes in the northern hemisphere. Soil samples were taken at different depths from four replicate comparative study plots in each of three forest age classes (young 10–40 years, medium 40–80 years, old ≥80 years). Microbial biomass and community structure were then determined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, and basal respiration and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) were determined by substrate-induced respiration. These data were then related to plant community and soil variables using non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis and post-hoc permutational correlations. We found that microbial lipid composition and abundance were not related to forest age class. Instead, microbial lipid composition and abundance were related to factors reflecting primary production, i.e., percent litter cover, percent dead wood cover, and percent tree layer cover. Specifically, the relative abundance (mol fraction) of indicators for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were positively significantly correlated with percent litter cover. We also found that the biomass of all microbial groups and total PLFA were negatively significantly related to percent deadwood cover. In addition, \textpH\textH 2 \textO pHH2O was the only soil parameter that was correlated significantly to microbial biomass. Our results indicate that overarching ecological factors such as plant productivity and soil pH are important factors influencing the soil microbial community, both in terms of biomass and of community composition in this subtropical ecosystem. &nbsp

Published
2012

30. Community assembly during secondary forest succession in a Chinese subtropical forest

Author

Bruelheide, H., Böhnke, M., Both, S., Fang, T., Assmann, T., Baruffol, M., Beuhus, J., Buscot, Francois, Chen, X.-Y., Ding, B.-Y., Durka, Walter, Erfmeier, A., Fischer, M., Geißler, C., Guo, D., Guo, L.-D., Härdtle, W., He, J.-S., Hector, A., Kröber, W., Kühn, P., Lang, A., Nadrowski, K., Pei, K., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Shi, X., Scholten, T., Schuldt, A., Trogisch, S., von Oheimb, G., Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wu, Yu-Ting, Yang, X., Zeng, Xueqin, Zhang, S., Zhou, H., Ma, K., Schmid, B., Bruelheide, H., Böhnke, M., Both, S., Fang, T., Assmann, T., Baruffol, M., Beuhus, J., Buscot, Francois, Chen, X.-Y., Ding, B.-Y., Durka, Walter, Erfmeier, A., Fischer, M., Geißler, C., Guo, D., Guo, L.-D., Härdtle, W., He, J.-S., Hector, A., Kröber, W., Kühn, P., Lang, A., Nadrowski, K., Pei, K., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Shi, X., Scholten, T., Schuldt, A., Trogisch, S., von Oheimb, G., Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wu, Yu-Ting, Yang, X., Zeng, Xueqin, Zhang, S., Zhou, H., Ma, K., and Schmid, B.

Abstract

Subtropical broad-leaved forests in south-eastern China support a high diversity of woody plants. Using a comparative study design with 30 x 30 m plots (n = 27) from five successional stages (< 20, < 40, < 60, < 80 and 80 yrs) we investigated how the gradient in species composition reflects underlying processes of community assembly. In particular, we tested whether species richness of adult trees and shrubs decreased or increased and assessed to which degree this pattern was caused by negative density dependence or continuous immigration over time. Furthermore, we tested whether rare species were increasingly enriched and the species composition of adult trees and shrubs became more similar to species composition of seedlings during the course of succession. We counted the individuals of all adult species and shrubs > 1 m in height in each plot and counted all woody recruits (bank of all seedlings {less than or equal to} 1 m in height) in each central 10 x 10 m quadrant of each plot. In addition, we measured a number of environmental variables (elevation, slope, aspect, soil moisture, pH, C, N and C/N ratio) and biotic structural variables (height and cover of layers). Adult species richness varied from 25 to 69 species per plot and in total 148 woody species from 46 families were recorded. There was a clear successional gradient in species composition as revealed by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) but only a poor differentiation of different successional stages with respect to particular species. Adult richness per 100 individuals (rarefaction method) increased with successional stage. None of the measured abiotic variables were significantly correlated with adult species richness. We found no evidence that rare species were responsible for the increasing adult species richness, as richness of rare species amongst both adults and recruits was independent of the successional stage. Furthermore, the similarity between established adults and

Published
2011

31. Community assembly during secondary forest succession in a Chinese subtropical forest

Author

Bruelheide, H, Böhnke, M, Both, S, Fang, T, Assmann, T, Baruffol, M, Bauhus, J, Buscot, F, Chen, X Y, Ding, B Y, Durka, W, Erfmeier, A, Fischer, M, Geißler, C, Guo, D, Guo, L D, Härdtle, W, He, J S, Hector, A, Kröber, W, Kühn, P, Lang, A C, Nadrowski, K, Pei, K, Scherer-Lorenzen, M, Shi, X, Scholten, T, Schuldt, A, Trogisch, S, von Oheimb, G, Welk, E, Wirth, C, Wu, Y T, Yang, X, Zeng, X, Zhang, S, Zhou, H, Ma, K, Schmid, B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, Bruelheide, H, Böhnke, M, Both, S, Fang, T, Assmann, T, Baruffol, M, Bauhus, J, Buscot, F, Chen, X Y, Ding, B Y, Durka, W, Erfmeier, A, Fischer, M, Geißler, C, Guo, D, Guo, L D, Härdtle, W, He, J S, Hector, A, Kröber, W, Kühn, P, Lang, A C, Nadrowski, K, Pei, K, Scherer-Lorenzen, M, Shi, X, Scholten, T, Schuldt, A, Trogisch, S, von Oheimb, G, Welk, E, Wirth, C, Wu, Y T, Yang, X, Zeng, X, Zhang, S, Zhou, H, Ma, K, and Schmid, B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214

Abstract

Subtropical broad-leaved forests in southeastern China support a high diversity of woody plants. Using a comparative study design with 30330 m plots (n=27) from five successional stages (<20, <40, <60, <80, and ≤80 yr), we investigated how the gradient in species composition reflects underlying processes of community assembly. In particular, we tested whether species richness of adult trees and shrubs decreased or increased and assessed to which degree this pattern was caused by negative density dependence or continuous immigration over time. Furthermore, we tested whether rare species were increasingly enriched and the species composition of adult trees and shrubs became more similar to species composition of seedlings during the course of succession. We counted the individuals of all adult species and shrubs >1 m in height in each plot and counted all woody recruits (bank of all seedlings ≤1 m in height) in each central 10310 m quadrant of each plot. In addition, we measured a number of environmental variables (elevation, slope, aspect, soil moisture, pH, C, N, and C/N ratio) and biotic structural variables (height and cover of layers). Adult species richness varied from 25 to 69 species per plot, and in total 148 woody species from 46 families were recorded. There was a clear successional gradient in species composition as revealed by nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), but only a poor differentiation of different successional stages with respect to particular species. Adult richness per 100 individuals (rarefaction method) increased with successional stage. None of the measured abiotic variables were significantly correlated with adult species richness. We found no evidence that rare species were responsible for the increasing adult species richness, as richness of rare species among both adults and recruits was independent of the successional stage. Furthermore, the similarity between established adults and recruits did not increase with successional sta

Published
2011

35. China: the soyabean-pork dilemma.

Author

Geissler, C

Abstract

In 1996 the population of China reached 1.23 billion, 22% of the world population, and is expected to increase to 1.5 billion by 2020. As China has only 7% of the world's arable land such population increases are likely to have an important impact on food supply in China and the world. Projections of the potential impact are discussed. The restructuring of Chinese agriculture at the end of the 1970s has led to dramatic increases in agricultural production and food consumption, in particular of animal products, fruit and vegetables. Along with these rapid changes there is evidence of a nutrition transition in which diseases associated with affluence are becoming more prevalent than deficiency diseases. This transition has led to concern about the evolving dietary pattern. The replacement of legumes, including soyabean, by meat and other animal products as rich sources of protein and other nutrients has been controversially argued on grounds of nutritional health, ecological impact, economic effects and world food supply. These arguments are reviewed and the pressures internal and external to China concerning the production and consumption of animal v. legume products are presented. It is concluded that nutritional policies to promote the consumption of soyabean are unlikely to be effective in the context of an increasingly free and global market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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37. Musique d'orgue : recueil de 300 versets dans tous les tons les plus usités / choisis dans les ouvrages des meilleurs maîtres allemands et publiés par R. Grosjean, organiste de la cathédrale de Saint Dié

Author

A. M. D. G.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg (1736-1809). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, André, Julius (1808-1880). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-1788). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Battmann, Jacques-Louis (1818-1886). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Berg, Alban (1885-1935). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Bühler, Franz (1760-1823). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Caspar, Charles. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Cheneble, J.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Ett, Caspar (1788-1847). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Fischer, Michael Gottard (1773-1829). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Foeppl, Ch. A.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Frech. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Frescobaldi, Girolamo (1583-1643). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Gebhardi, Ludwig Ernst. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Geissler, C.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Gluthmann, A. F.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Gmuv, X.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Gratz, J.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hartig, X. L.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Haydn, Joseph (1732-1809). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Herzog, Johann Georg (1822-1909). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hess, Joachim. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hesse, Adolf Friedrich (1809-1863). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Heukel, M.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hingre, Jean-Baptiste. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hüttenbrenner, Anselm (1794-1868). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Jucker. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Kegel. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Keller, Max (1770-1855). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Kittel, Johann Christian (1732-1809). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Knecht, Justin Heinrich (1752-1817). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Kühmstedt, Friedrich (1808-1858). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Lawe, A.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Loewe, August Leopold. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Martini, Giovanni Battista (1706-1784). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Müller, W. A.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Muffat, Georg (1653-1704). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Nohu, Friedrich. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Offoltz, G.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Pachaly, T. J.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Rampt. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Righini, Vincenzo (1756-1812). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Rinck, Johann Christian Heinrich (1770-1846). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Sauerbrey, J. W. C. C.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Schicht, Johann Gottfried (1753-1823). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Schneider, Wilhelm (1783-1843). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Sechter, Simon (1788-1867). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Seebach, J. M.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Seeger, Josef (1716-1782). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Spenle, Th.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Stern, Théophile (1803-1886). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Stolze, Georg Christoph. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Théophile, A.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Vierling, Johann Gottfried (1750-1813). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Vogler, Georg Joseph (1749-1814). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Volkmann, Wilhelm. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Wagner. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Wanhal, C.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Grosjean, Romary (1815-1888). Éditeur scientifique, A. M. D. G.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg (1736-1809). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, André, Julius (1808-1880). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-1788). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Battmann, Jacques-Louis (1818-1886). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Berg, Alban (1885-1935). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Bühler, Franz (1760-1823). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Caspar, Charles. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Cheneble, J.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Ett, Caspar (1788-1847). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Fischer, Michael Gottard (1773-1829). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Foeppl, Ch. A.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Frech. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Frescobaldi, Girolamo (1583-1643). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Gebhardi, Ludwig Ernst. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Geissler, C.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Gluthmann, A. F.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Gmuv, X.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Gratz, J.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hartig, X. L.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Haydn, Joseph (1732-1809). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Herzog, Johann Georg (1822-1909). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hess, Joachim. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hesse, Adolf Friedrich (1809-1863). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Heukel, M.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hingre, Jean-Baptiste. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Hüttenbrenner, Anselm (1794-1868). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Jucker. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Kegel. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Keller, Max (1770-1855). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Kittel, Johann Christian (1732-1809). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Knecht, Justin Heinrich (1752-1817). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Kühmstedt, Friedrich (1808-1858). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Lawe, A.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Loewe, August Leopold. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Martini, Giovanni Battista (1706-1784). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Müller, W. A.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Muffat, Georg (1653-1704). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Nohu, Friedrich. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Offoltz, G.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Pachaly, T. J.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Rampt. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Righini, Vincenzo (1756-1812). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Rinck, Johann Christian Heinrich (1770-1846). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Sauerbrey, J. W. C. C.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Schicht, Johann Gottfried (1753-1823). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Schneider, Wilhelm (1783-1843). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Sechter, Simon (1788-1867). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Seebach, J. M.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Seeger, Josef (1716-1782). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Spenle, Th.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Stern, Théophile (1803-1886). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Stolze, Georg Christoph. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Théophile, A.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Vierling, Johann Gottfried (1750-1813). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Vogler, Georg Joseph (1749-1814). Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Volkmann, Wilhelm. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Wagner. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, Wanhal, C.. Auteur ou responsable intellectuel, and Grosjean, Romary (1815-1888). Éditeur scientifique

Abstract

Orgue, Musique d' -- +* 1700......- 1799......+:18e siècle, Orgue, Musique d' -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle

45. Changes in subsistence practices and diet in Papua New Guinea

Author

Ulijaszek, S, Geissler, C, and Oddy, D

Subjects
History of other areas, Anthropology, Economic history, Economic and Social History
Abstract

Papua New Guinea (PNG) became a nation state in 1975. Prior to that it had ninety-one years under colonial authority of one sort or another. It is the largest tropical island, with high rainfall and considerable geographical diversity. Coastal regions, inland swamps and highland valleys all provide ecosystems distinct from each other, and history and geography have together helped to shape dietary patterns in PNG. The agricultural ecology of PNG has evolved over the last 10,000 years or so in response to varied environmental conditions, demographic pressures and social and cultural needs. Subsistence practices changed throughout prehistory as new crops were introduced or 'traded in'. The pace of change accelerated with the onset of European colonial administration which brought with it many new crops, including cash crops. Concomitant with this was the introduction of a cash economy and the possibility of wage labour. Foods imported from other countries also became available. With independence, the range of subsistence options has not increased, but the proportion of people involved in either cash cropping or wage labour has. Dietary change is taking place at an ever greater rate, and this chapter examines this process from prehistory until 1984.

Published
2016

46. 25 Fabeln: ein Geschenk für die Jugend

Author

Maukisch, Heinrich and Geissler, C.

Subjects
Kinderbuchsammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig, Kinderbuchsammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig -- Sammlung Hobrecker, ddc:398, Sammlung Hobrecker, ddc:3, ddc:39
Published
1841
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48. Liver microRNA transcriptome reveals miR-182 as link between type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease in obesity.

Author

Krause C, Britsemmer JH, Bernecker M, Molenaar A, Taege N, Lopez-Alcantara N, Geißler C, Kaehler M, Iben K, Judycka A, Wagner J, Wolter S, Mann O, Pfluger P, Cascorbi I, Lehnert H, Stemmer K, Schriever SC, and Kirchner H

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Mice, Male, Fatty Liver genetics, Fatty Liver metabolism, Female, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Middle Aged, Gene Expression Profiling, MicroRNAs metabolism, MicroRNAs genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Obesity genetics, Obesity metabolism, Liver metabolism, Transcriptome
Abstract

Background: The development of obesity-associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hepatic steatosis has been linked to selected microRNAs in individual studies; however, an unbiased genome-wide approach to map T2D induced changes in the miRNAs landscape in human liver samples, and a subsequent robust identification and validation of target genes are still missing., Methods: Liver biopsies from age- and gender-matched obese individuals with (n=20) or without (n=20) T2D were used for microRNA microarray analysis. The candidate microRNA and target genes were validated in 85 human liver samples, and subsequently mechanistically characterized in hepatic cells as well as by dietary interventions and hepatic overexpression in mice., Results: Here, we present the human hepatic microRNA transcriptome of type 2 diabetes in liver biopsies and use a novel seed prediction tool to robustly identify microRNA target genes, which were then validated in a unique cohort of 85 human livers. Subsequent mouse studies identified a distinct signature of T2D-associated miRNAs, partly conserved in both species. Of those, human-murine miR-182-5 p was the most associated with whole-body glucose homeostasis and hepatic lipid metabolism. Its target gene LRP6 was consistently lower expressed in livers of obese T2D humans and mice as well as under conditions of miR-182-5 p overexpression. Weight loss in obese mice decreased hepatic miR-182-5 p and restored Lrp6 expression and other miR-182-5 p target genes. Hepatic overexpression of miR-182-5 p in mice rapidly decreased LRP6 protein levels and increased liver triglycerides and fasting insulin under obesogenic conditions after only seven days., Conclusions: By mapping the hepatic miRNA-transcriptome of type 2 diabetic obese subjects, validating conserved miRNAs in diet-induced mice, and establishing a novel miRNA prediction tool, we provide a robust and unique resource that will pave the way for future studies in the field. As proof of concept, we revealed that the repression of LRP6 by miR-182-5 p, which promotes lipogenesis and impairs glucose homeostasis, provides a novel mechanistic link between T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and demonstrate in vivo that miR-182-5 p can serve as a future drug target for the treatment of obesity-driven hepatic steatosis., Funding: This work was supported by research funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KI 1887/2-1, KI 1887/2-2, KI 1887/3-1 and CRC-TR296), the European Research Council (ERC, CoG Yoyo LepReSens no. 101002247; PTP), the Helmholtz Association (Initiative and Networking Fund International Helmholtz Research School for Diabetes; MB) and the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD Next Grant 82DZD09D1G)., Competing Interests: CK, JB, MB, AM, NT, NL, CG, MK, KI, AJ, JW, SW, OM, PP, IC, HL, KS, SS, HK No competing interests declared, (© 2023, Krause et al.)

Published
2024
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49. Joining forces for pathology diagnostics with AI assistance: The EMPAIA initiative.

Author

Zerbe N, Schwen LO, Geißler C, Wiesemann K, Bisson T, Boor P, Carvalho R, Franz M, Jansen C, Kiehl TR, Lindequist B, Pohlan NC, Schmell S, Strohmenger K, Zakrzewski F, Plass M, Takla M, Küster T, Homeyer A, and Hufnagl P

Abstract

Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) methods in pathology have advanced substantially. However, integration into routine clinical practice has been slow due to numerous challenges, including technical and regulatory hurdles in translating research results into clinical diagnostic products and the lack of standardized interfaces. The open and vendor-neutral EMPAIA initiative addresses these challenges. Here, we provide an overview of EMPAIA's achievements and lessons learned. EMPAIA integrates various stakeholders of the pathology AI ecosystem, i.e., pathologists, computer scientists, and industry. In close collaboration, we developed technical interoperability standards, recommendations for AI testing and product development, and explainability methods. We implemented the modular and open-source EMPAIA Platform and successfully integrated 14 AI-based image analysis apps from eight different vendors, demonstrating how different apps can use a single standardized interface. We prioritized requirements and evaluated the use of AI in real clinical settings with 14 different pathology laboratories in Europe and Asia. In addition to technical developments, we created a forum for all stakeholders to share information and experiences on digital pathology and AI. Commercial, clinical, and academic stakeholders can now adopt EMPAIA's common open-source interfaces, providing a unique opportunity for large-scale standardization and streamlining of processes. Further efforts are needed to effectively and broadly establish AI assistance in routine laboratory use. To this end, a sustainable infrastructure, the non-profit association EMPAIA International, has been established to continue standardization and support broad implementation and advocacy for an AI-assisted digital pathology future., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Sarah Schmell and Falk Zakrzewski are employed by an AI vendor of which one app was included in the evaluation. The other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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50. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study on the prefrontal correlates of cognitive offloading via a personal knowledge assistant.

Author

Geissler C, Gauselmann P, Jilek C, Maus H, Frings C, and Tempel T

Subjects
Humans, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Intelligence, Cognition, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Dietary Supplements
Abstract

The saving of previously encoded information boosts both memory for subsequent information (saving-enhanced memory; SEM) as well as cognitive performance in general (saving-enhanced performance; SEP). These findings have been replicated in a setting that involves the assistance by an intelligent software that automatically structures and saves work content in an interactive sidebar. It is assumed that beneficial effects on cognitive performance due to (automatic) saving are caused by a reduction in current workload by means of cognitive offloading. We tested this assumption by measuring neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) via functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-once after saving and once after deleting of previously collected information that had to be recalled later-on. On a behavioral level, there was a brief benefit of saving. However, cognitive offloading became most apparent on a neural level: after saving, participants showed significantly lower activation in the right DLPFC. Also, the more participants benefited from cognitive offloading, the more they were able to re-access previously collected, saved information. Thus, fNIRS results indicated reduced mental load after saving, confirming the assumption that saving triggers cognitive offloading., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2023
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